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  • 1980-1984  (6,409)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1980  (6,409)
  • Chemistry  (6,408)
  • Physical Chemistry  (92)
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  • 1980-1984  (6,409)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 168-172 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Haltezeiten und Umgebung auf Rißfortschritt bei Ermüdung von Titan-LegierungenHaltezeiten bei der maximalen Kraft eines Wechsellastversuchs an Titanlegierungen beeinflussen die Rißgeschwindigkeit, wenn Kmax den Grenzwert für Rißausbreitung bei einem Versuch mit konstanter Kraft überschreitet. Für Haltezeitenversuche an Luft kann die Rißverlängerung pro Lastwechsel aus der Rißgeschwindigkeit eines Versuchs mit dreiecksförmiger Belastung und einem Versuch mit konstanter Belastung vorausgesagt werden. In 3,5% NaCl-Lösung ist die gemessene Rißgeschwindigkeit kleiner als die vorausgesagte.
    Notes: In titanium alloys an effect of hold time at maximum load in a cyclic test is observed if Kmax exceeds the threshold for crack propagation at a constant load test. For tests in air it is possible to predict crack growth rate for a hold time cycle from the crack growth rates from a cyclic test with triangular wave form and a constant load test. In 3.5% NaCl solution the measured crack growth rate is lower than the predicted.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A50 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 258-264 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Creep Behaviour of Hot-Work Tool SteelsComparison of four steels with varying hardening and annealing treatment. Creep test of up to 200 h duration under constant stress at 550°C. Investigation of carbides by x-ray diffraction of electrochemical residues and electron diffraction of extraction replicas. Marked strengthening at the beginning of creep due to carbide precipitation followed by a decrease in strength due to carbide growth and formation of cells. Up to 1000 h the steel X 40 CrMo V 51 seems to offer the best creep strenght when hardened from 1100°C.
    Notes: Vergleichende Untersuchung von vier Warmarbeitsstählen in Abhängigkeit von Härte- und Anlaßtemperatur. Kriechversuche bis zu 200 h Dauer unter konstanter Spannung bei 550°C. Karbiduntersuchung durch Röntgenbeugung elektrochemisch isolierter Rückstände und Elektronenbeugung an Ausziehabdrucken. Starke Verfestigung zu Beginn des Kriechens durch Karbidausscheidungen mit anschließender Entfestigung durch Karbidvergröberung und Zellbildung. Bis 1000 h deutet sich die beste Kriechfestigkeit für den Stahl X 40 CrMo V 51 gehärtet von 1100°C an.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A47 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 281-287 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Improvements in lead alloys for chemical plants, III: Mechanical propertiesThe hardness of copper-alloyed rolled lead for chemical plants is increased by further alloying additions. The hardness of the finegrained lead alloy PbCu0.04Sn0.05Pd0.03Se0.02, which is optimum as regards processability, fine-grained structure, structural stability, and corrosion resistance, lies between that of copper lead DIN 1719 and antimonial lead containing 4% Sb. The yield point (0.2% yield strength) and tensile strength of the tested rolled lead materials increase within a certain range in a linear proportion to the hardness. This also applies to the fatigue strength. The creep strength (1% time yield limit and long-time rupture strength) likewise increases with growing hardness; this dependency diminishes, however, with rising temperature and becomes insignificant at 110°C. The improvements in mechanical properties of copper-alloyed lead to be achieved by small additions of silver (up to 0.01%) are thoroughly discussed.
    Notes: Die Härte von kupferlegiertem Walzblei für den Chemie-Apparatebau wird durch weitere Legierungszusätze erhöht. Der im Hinblick auf Verarbeitbarkeit, Feinkörnigkeit, Gefügestabilität und Korrosionsbeständigkeit optimale Blei-Feinkornwerkstoff PbCu0,042Sn0,05Pd0,03Se0,02 liegt in seiner Härte zwischen derjenigen von Kupferfeinblei DIN 1719 und Hartblei mit 4% Sb. Streckgrenze (0,2%-Dehngrenze) und Zugfestigkeit der untersuchten Walzblei-Werkstoffe nehmen innerhalb einer gewissen Streubreite linear mit der Härte zu. Das gilt auch für die Wechselfestigkeit. Die Kriechfestigkeit (1% Zeitdehngrenze und Zeitstandfestigkeit) nimmt gleichfalls mit der Härte zu, wobei sich diese Abhängigkeit aber mit zunehmender Prüftemperatur abschwächt und bei 110deg;C nur noch gering ist. Die durch geringe Zusätze von Silber (bis 0,01%) erzielbaren Verbesserungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften von kupferlegiertem Blei werden ausführlich diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 305-308 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue Crack Growth in a 13% Chromium Steel at Frequencies from 10-3 to 104 Hertz. Determination of the Threshold Stress Intensity ΔK0 by Ultrasonic FatigueFracture mechanics fatigue crack growth tests were run with loading frequencies from 10-3 to 104 Hertz. The results show that the environmental effects on fatigue crack growth decrease strongly at higher frequencies. Ultrasonic fatigue tests in water yield the same crack growth rates as low frequency fatigue tests in vacuum. Ultrasonic fatigue tests allow the measurement of the fatigue threshold stress intensity ΔK0 within reasonable testing times.
    Notes: Bruchmechanische Ermüdungsversuche wurden sowohl niederfrequent (bis 10-3 Hertz) als auch hochfrequent (mit Hilfe von Ultraschall und Hochgeschwindigkeitschromatographie bis 2,1 × 104 Hertz) durchgeführt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß der Einfluß korrosiver Umgebungen auf die Ermüdungsrißwachstumsgeschwindigkeit zu höheren Frequenzene hin abnimmt. Ultraschallermüdung des Stahls in Wasser führt zu gleichen Rißgeschwindigkeiten wie niederfrequente Ermüdung im Vakuum. Insbesondere für den Bereich kleiner Spannungsintensitätswerte bietet der Ultraschall-Ermüdungsversuch den Vorteil, den Schwellwert ΔK0 der Spannungsintensität, unter dem kein Rißfortschritt festzustellen ist, in kurzer Zeit zu ermitteln.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 113
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 324-330 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nodular Cast Iron as a Material for FittingsFor some time, the use of fittings made from nodular cast iron has been widening. Although certain grades of this group of materials have been standardized in DIN 1693 Part 1 and Part 2 as well as in AD Specification Sheet W 3/2, nodular cast iron is not considered a ductile material according to AD Specification Sheet A 4. This statement practically equals a ban on the use of nodular cast iron fittings for pressure vessels. Following an introductory description of the properties of this group of materials, the present paper discusses the requirements to be made from the view of the materials testing and materials science department of a major chemical company on the use nodular cast iron fittings as equipment parts of pressure vessels.
    Notes: Seit einiger Zeit werden in zunehmendem Maß Armaturen aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit verwendet. Zwar sind bestimmte Sorten dieser Werkstoffgruppe in DIN 1693 Teil 1 und Teil 2 sowie im AD-Merkblatt W 3/2 genormt, jedoch gilt nach AD-Merkblatt A 4 Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit nicht als zäher Werkstoff. Diese Festlegung kommt praktisch einem Verwendungsverbot von Armaturen aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit für Druckbehälter gleich. In der Arbeit werden nach einer einleitenden Darlegung der Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffgruppe die Bedingungen erörtert, die aus der Sicht der Abteilung Materialprüfung und Werkstofftechnik eines bedeutenden Chemieunternehmens nötig sind, um Armaturen aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit als Ausrüstungsteile von Druckbehältern einsetzen zu können.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 114
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A74 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 440-446 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wear of Processing Equipment and Moulds by Filled and Reinforced PlasticsThe introduction of filled and reinforced plastics into the market increased the problem of wear during processing. It is estimated that in Germany wear based losses are up to 500 Millions DM per annum. Special test methods have been developed for systematic analysis of wear phaenomena. A considerable progress has been achieved in solving these problems in close contact to the concerning industry.
    Notes: Mit der Einführung gefüllter und verstärkter Kunststoffe haben die Verschleißprobleme bei der Verarbeitung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die durch Verschleiß verursachten Verluste in der Kunststoffindustrie werden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland derzeit auf 500 Mill. DM pro Jahr geschätzt. Zur systematischen Untersuchung und zur Analyse der Verschleißerscheinungen wurden Modellprüfverfahren entwickelt. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Industrie konnten bereits beachtliche Erfolge bei der Minimierung der Verschleißschäden erzielt werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 117
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 118
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 451-451 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine thermisch geschockte Einheitszelle eines Faserverbundwerkstoffes mit GrenzflächenrissenDer Einfluß eines Grenzflächenrisses zwischen Faser und Matrix auf das zeitabhängige Thermoschockverhalten wird theoretisch untersucht. Rißausbreitungskräfte werden berechnet und eine Glasfaser mit einer Siliziumkarbidfaser verglichen. Das Modell einer starren Faser wird kritisch bewertet.
    Notes: The influence of a crack at the interface between the fibre and the matrix of a thermally shocked composite material has been considered theoretically. The time-dependending crack extension force has been calculated. A glass-aluminium composite is compared with a SiC—Al-composite.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A55 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Spot-Testing Reactions for Identification of High-Alloying Special-SteelsBy means of spot-testing reactions several procedures for nondestructive material tests were developed. The methods described in this paper is no substitute for a quantitative chemical analysis. Properly the question is, these are rapid-methods, but they enable to determine the magnitude of some alloying-elements and a distinction of several high-alloy steels is possible by this way. Also for these methods no special-educated personnel is required, rather they can be carried out from each laboratory in low costs and very quick. With the test reactions for Cr, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Si and Ti the applicability of spot-testing in special-steel industry is exhibited.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe von chemischen Tüpfelreaktionen wurde eine Reihe von Arbeitsvorschriften zur zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung ausgearbeitet. Die in dieser Arbeit erwähnten Methoden ersetzen jedoch keineswegs eine quantitative chemische Analyse, die zur Identifizierung einer völlig unbekannten Stahlmarke notwendig ist. Es handelt sich dabei vielmehr um Schnellverfahren, mit deren Hilfe es aber ermöglicht wird, die Größenordnung einzelner Legierungselemente halbquantitativ einzurordnen und somit verschiedene hochlegierte Stahltypen eindeutig zu unterscheiden. Für diese Verfahren sind keine speziell ausgebildeten Arbeitskräfte nötig, sie können jedoch nach kurzer Einarbeitung und mit geringen Kosten von jedem Labor ausgeführt werden.Anhand von einigen Beispielen, und zwar mit den Nachweisreaktionen auf Chrom, Kobalt, Kupfer, Molybdän, Nickel, Silizium und Titan werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der chemischen Tüpfelanalyse in der Edelstahlindustrie aufgezeigt.
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  • 123
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A63 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 124
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 125
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Mobile phase effects on RM-value predictable ; Binary phase systems ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 126
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 36-37 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Rapid separation ; New detection procedure ; Qualitative pharmaceutical analysis (serum) ; Rf-data for TRIS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 127
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 128
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 85-86 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ion-pair reversed-phase ; Free porphyrin carboxylic acids in urine, complete separation ; Quantitation within 4.4-5.4% precision ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 129
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Two-dimensional GC ; Odour evaluation ; Fraction collection, heart-cutting and enrichment ; Applications, essential oil analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple but effective GC approach to odour evaluation and fraction collection with capillary columns is described. An allglass device splits the column effluent, with one splitter arm going to an FID. For odour evaluation, the other splitter arm is led via teflon tubing to the nose. Off-line heart-cutting is carried out by collecting the split effluent on a glass capillary microtrap, the inner walls of which are coated with OV-101. This allows recovery of nanogram amounts of material. Multipass operation or repeated collection leads to preparative capillary GC for further spectroscopic investigation. These techniques do not involve sophisticated equipment or valves. Applications of this type of smell analysis, heart-cutting and enrichment in the analysis of Rhododendron fragrantissimum essential oil, black pepper essential oil and hop essential oil, illustrating the versatility of the systems, are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 130
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 143-144 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Reversed-phase quantitation of benzoyl peroxide and metabolite in blood samples ; 10 ng level ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 131
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 151-151 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 132
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 152-158 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 133
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 169-171 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Trimethylsilyl derivatives ; Pregnant mares' urine estrogens ; Estrone-equilin separation ; OV-225, Silar 10C stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary columns coated with OV-225 and Silar 10C were used to analyze estrogens (as their trimethylsilyl derivatives) present in pregnant mares' urine. Such columns provide better resolution in a shorter time than the corresponding packed columns, as exemplified by the separation of estrone from equilin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 172-176 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Quantitation at low resolution, theory ; Singal shape analysis ; Distribution function model ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The “Distribution Function Method”, which makes possible the measurement of systematic variations in the shape of signals, has been experimentally tested on the detection of two visually confounded gas chromatographic peaks, irrespective of the estimation of the resolution or the concentration ratio. Two detection procedures are suggested. The first compares directly, under the same experimental conditions, the shape of a pure peak and that of a peak suspected of contamination. The second makes use of variations of column temperature and gas flow rates to distinguish the behaviour of a pure substance from that of a contaminated substance. A marking procedure for the shape of a pure peak is then set up to dispense with the need of a reference standard. In practice, the two procedures make possible the detection of heptane as an impurity in n-hexane at levels of one percent and under experimental conditions artificially chosen so as to make the resolution inferior to 0.25.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 135
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Quantitation (theory, practice) ; Effect of substance distribution within layer on quantitative data ; Secondary chromatography effects responsible for most of error sources ; Fluorodensitometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Changes of fluorescence intensity at the far side (transmission) and near side (remission) in cases where a spot of a fluorogen lies in different sublayers are calculated using a multilayer model. Examples shown are: the relative intensity of fluorescence in the layer as a function of the absorption coefficient of a sorbent at the excitation wavelength; the relative intensity of fluorescence at the far and near sides of a TLC plate; the influence of using too broad a monochromatic filter at the emission side on the results of fluorescence measurements. Advantages of near-side scanning of fluorescence compared to far-side scanning are discussed. The most important source of errors in fluorodensitometric measurements is the effect of secondary chromatography.
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  • 136
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 196-196 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Persilylation ; Barbiturates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 208-212 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 138
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 139
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 493-496 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Persilylation procedure ; Discussion of experimental parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Persilylated glass capillary columns are the most universal GC columns available. They are relatively easy to prepare, but there is nevertheless a great need for helpful practical instructions. In the recent literature, methods and conditions for the preparation of persilylated columns have been recommended, but these might confuse the individual column maker, since they seem to originate from limited observations rather than from comprehensive investigation. They will hardly help to make column preparation safer. This paper attempts a summarized view of the present experience with persilylation and provides basic information for column makers.
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  • 140
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 523-524 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Precoating capillary columns ; Aromatic amines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 527-528 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface deactivation ; High temperature silylation ; Cyclic trifluoropropylsiloxanes ; Improved surface wettability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 142
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 531-533 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC, fluorescence detection ; Chlorophyll A determination in marine phytoplankton ; Effect of mobile phase composition ; Interference from chlorophyll degradation products ; Interferences from carotenoids and xanthophylls ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 143
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 4-10 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 144
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LC/MS interface ; Nebulizing interface ; Micro-LC ; CI-MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An improved vacuum nebulizing interface with a very short counter nozzle was developed for direct coupling of a micro-LC and a quadrupole MS with CI-chamber. With the LC-MS system using the nebulizing interface, it became possible to take mass fragmentograms for various less volatile compounds such as glutamic acid, steroids, aromatic amines and chlorine-containing insecticides.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 145
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Racemate separation ; Cellulose columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of HPLC for the purpose of separation of some amino acid racemates with aromatic substituents is described.Using simple untreated cellulose with an average particle size of 7 μm as stationary phase, complete resolution of D,L-tryptophane and D,L-5-hydroxytryptophane can be obtained. D,L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is resolved partially.The α-value and resolution for D,L-tryptophane was found to be 1.5.
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  • 146
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 124-128 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Series-coupled chemically differing columns ; Fundamental studies on the properties for basic theory started ; Retention time and separation efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Basic expressions are derived for both the retention time and the effective separation factor in serially coupled GC columns. The retention time is determined by two main parameters. The first is the fractional time spent by an unretarded solute in each column which, in turn, is determined by the relative column lengths and flow velocities through each column. The second parameter is the relative mass distribution coefficient of a particular solute in each column; a variable that can be adjusted by changing the relative temperatures of the columns. The expression for the effective separation factor relates the measured separation factor for the series combination to the separation factors on the individual columns, the fractional time spent by an unretarded peak in each column, as well as the relative values of the mass distribution coefficients of a particular solute on the different columns.
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  • 147
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 129-132 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Quantitative determination of the drug derivative in 1 ml biological fluid ; 10 ng/ml level ; Standard curve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol hydrochloride (moprolol, OmeralR), is a new β-adrenergic blocking agent. A gas chromatographic method for determining unchanged moprolol in human biological fluids has been developed. After solvent extraction, a bis-trifluoroacetyl derivative was formed and measured by an electron capture detector. The quantification was checked by using an internal standard (pronethalol), which was added to all samples. The electron capture response was linear between 10 and 500 ng/ml. To avoid contamination of the peaks, careful extraction was imperative. The main advantages offered by the described method are: specificity, high sensitivity (10 ng.ml-1) and the small amount of biological fluids (1 ml plasma a. e.) required.
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  • 148
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 145-145 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance gel filtration ; Human serum proteins ; Quantitative immunodiffusion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 149
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 147-148 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS inert glass interface ; Interface and connection easy to make from glass ; Minimal equipment needed, novices can do it ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes a design for an all-glass GC/MS interface. The design has advantages due to low dead volume, lack of column effluent adsorption and degradation, simple interface production and installation, and ease of column mounting/dismounting.
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  • 150
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 151
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 588-588 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Urinary porphyrins ; Isocratic ; HPLC ; Fluorescence ; Riboflavin ; μBondapak Phenyl ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 152
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 620-626 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Auto-control in chromatography ; Gas density balance ; Quantitative analysis ; Process GC ; Lab GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three main problems have to be solved in process gas chromatography: psychological, technical and economic.A simple concept already used with success for fifteen years by the author, called the Deferred Standard, is an answer for process GC and, to some extent, laboratory GC as well.That the injection of a pure compound in each analytical sequence is reproducible demonstrates the good working order of PGC. Accurate quantitative results may be obtained because the gas density balance is used as a calibrator detector for determining the relative response factors of the components of interest with respect to the Deferred Standard.By suppressing any calibration standards in process and laboratory chromatography, the Deferred Standard may reveal itself as a time and money saving technique.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 153
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 634-640 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Reverse-phase ; UV detection ; Fluorescence detection ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modern liquid chromatographic (LC) conditions which effect a separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) containing up to ten rings are described. The LC conditions include reverse-phase chromatographic columns in combination with a quaternary solvent system. Methanol and water are combined to form solvent system A, while tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile form solvent system B. Solvent systems A and B are then combined in a linear gradient relationship to effect the separation. The separation of benzo(a)pyrene and perylene along with benzo(ghi)perylene and indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene is achieved. In the same chromatogram the PAHs, coronene, dibenzo(a,e), (a,i), (a,h)pyrene and tribenzo(a,e,i)pyrene are also separated. An increase in column temperature from 45°C to 55°C is shown to shorten the elution time and increase chromatographic resolution of many of the PAHs examined. At least 25 PAHs ranging in molecular weight from 178 to 536 are examined for their chromatographic behavior. As examples, the application of this method to samples from a coal liquefication process are included. The samples are examined with both a UV detector and fluouescence detector to demonstrate the utility of dual detectors when analyzing for PAHs in complex matrices. With minor modification of the gradient this method is applicable to PAHs containing ring systems other than those reported here.
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  • 154
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 648-650 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; N-P detector ; Sequential simplex optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 155
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 214-214 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 156
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 309-310 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Amino-carboxylic acid ; Silylation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 157
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Quantitative analysis in human plasma extracts ; TMP, SMZ, SMZ-N4 acetyl derivatives in μg/ml range ; Recovery data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A reversed-phase HPLC assay method was developed to determine levels of the drugs trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and the N4-acetyl metabolite of the latter in human blood plasma and urine. The organic substances are extracted with ethyl acetate by a single extraction at pH 6.8. The method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and precise and well suited to routine determination of these drugs on patients during clinical pharmacokinetic investigations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Simple analytical procedure for separation of enantiomers ; L-Phenylalanine-copper and L-proline-copper complex used as chiral reagents in the mobile phase ; α-Methyldopa, tryptophan, thyroid hormones ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simple procedures are presented for separating the enantiomers of α-methyldopa, 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptophan, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which require neither special sorbents nor difficult-to-obtain or unstable reagents.The method for α-methyldopa, 5-hydroxytryptophan and tryptophan is based on the use of L-phenylalanine copper complex as the chiral constituent of the mobile phase; LiChrosorb® RP-18 serves as the stationary phase. The procedure for triiodothyronine and thyroxine is grounded on the L-proline copper complex as the chiral reagent and LiChrosorb® Si 60 as the stationary phase.In all observed cases, the D-enantiomer is eluted prior to the respective L-enantiomer. Chirality inversion of the mobile phase (application of the D-phenylalanine copper complex) reverses the order of elution; a racemic eluent (DL-phenylalanine copper complex) leads to no separation. In addition to the enantiomers of α-amino acids, the enantiomers of α-hydroxy acids (mandelic acid) can be separated.
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  • 159
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 326-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column chromatography ; Run comparison with corrections for variations in injected sample sizes ; Chromatogram reconstruction on a graphics terminal ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of a Hewlett-Packard 3354 B Laboratory Automation System has been studied in order to compare a series of gas chromatographic analyses. A computer program has been designed for the chromatogram reconstruction of all valid sample runs from a system subsequence on an HP-2648 A graphics CRT terminal. The detector signals of the runs are compensated for variations in injected sample sizes when a number of conditions are met.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 345-350 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Chemical modification of HPTLC-plates ; Organosilanes, polar and non-polar ; Zwitter character of modified silica surface ; Advantageous separation through plate modification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed for the preparation of modified silica plates for high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Some typical organosilanes were thus allowed to react in situ with the silica of Merck HPTLC-plates. This method was found to be highly reproducible, simple and cheap. Non-polar plates were prepared and compared with commercial plates from Merck, Whatman and Macherey-Nagel. Modification with cyanodecyltrichlorosilane resulted in plates that showed good coverage, efficiency and low residual silica activity. Silica modified with a multifunctional silane has different properties in different organic solvents. It will appear to be non-polar in a polar solvent and vice versa. New advantageous separation systems are thus made feasible by the presence of cyano groups on the plate.The utility of modified thin-layer plates is demonstrated by the separation of some homologues of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters and of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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  • 161
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 359-360 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; All-glass interface ; Fused silica ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 479-480 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Amino acid phenylthiohydantoins ; Non-linear gradient ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 482-484 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography ; Ion-pair ; Trimellitic anhydride ; Air sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 516-520 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Glass capillary gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Alaskan crude oils ; Analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is used to profile Alaskan crude oil for purposes of origin verification. Alaskan oil, sampled at Valdez, Alaska, and transshipped to the U.S. East Coast, is compared with 21 samples of foreign crude oil using GC/MS techniques in which original data is reconstructed at selected parent and fragment ions to generate a series of chromatographic profiles. Comparison of selected profiles and compositional parameters derived from peak ratios allows distinction of Alaskan oil from many foreign crudes and may be applied to the examination of crude mixtures.
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  • 165
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 591-591 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 166
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 594-597 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 167
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 598-598 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 168
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 609-619 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High speed chromatography ; Theoretical basis of column chromatography in multicomponent separation ; Selective criterion of the column system ; Influence of variation coefficient of plate number, β, on peak capacity ; Prediction of constant of carbon number rule (GC) ; Prediction of specific retention of heptane (GC) ; Linear relations between retention values on silicas with various surface areas (HPLC) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The selectivity of a column system, S, defined by equation 28, includes a variation coefficient (β) of plate number with capacity ratio which has a large influence on the peak capacity, as shown in Fig. 18. Some typical chromatograms are given. In order to predict S for a column system from Kovat's Index, equations 40 and 41 are given to calculate the constant of the carbon number rule for squalane at different temperatures or for different stationary phases. The specific retention value of heptane on squalane at different temperatures can be calculated from equation 42. The nonpolarity index, defined by equation 43, was used to calculate the retention value of heptane on various stationary phases. In liquid chromatography, the order of elution may be reversed by changing the composition of the eluent on the same chemically bonded silica (manufactured in China). The linear relations between the log retention values of different kinds of solutes or of a single solute on the silicas of different surface areas when using the same eluent are given.
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  • 169
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 647-648 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Column packing apparatus ; Upward slurry packing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 170
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 655-655 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 171
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 652-654 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole ; 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole ; HPTLC ; HPLC ; GC/MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 172
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 173
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 174
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A4 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 175
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Polymeric Composite Materials. Part I: The Technique of Acoustic Emission MonitoringThe importance of nondestructive testing methods increases in material and structure production control techniques as well as in the practical, calculated usage of faulty structures.The technique of acoustic emission is a useful aid in monitoring complex structures in real time mode. In Part I the fundamental measuring technique of this testing method is discussed.
    Notes: Im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung von Werkstoffen und Bauteilen aber auch des kalkulierten praktischen Einsatzes defekthafter Strukturen in der Praxis ist den zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfverfahren eine bedeutende Rolle beizumessen.Als Echtzeitprüfung, bei der das gesamte Bauteilvolumen erfaßt wird, findet das Schallemissionsmeßverfahren immer mehr Anwender. In diesem Beitrag werden die prinzipiellen, meßtechnischen Grundlagen dieses Verfahrens diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 176
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 56-59 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determining the Distribution of Residual Stresses in Cylindrical Solid Bodies by Employing Different Computation MethodsThere are two methods for the computation of residual stresses in cylindrical bodies. The methods in question are by G. Sachs and E. Krägeloh. The residual stresses are computed out off the determined stresses. The basis of the two methods are two different hypothesises with different assumed tension gradients and elongation gradients across the sample cross-section. The methods differentiated for homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials meet with their differential equation the balance conditions.The different methods employed show considerable differences in regard to circumferential tensions. This differences result particularly at the cylinder wall surface (outside). The tension differences grow with increasing cylinder wall thickness. The longitudinal tensions and radial tensions computed by the methods of G. Sachs and E. Krägeloh are nearly identical.It is much more important to know the tendency of the residual stress distribution in a given solid body than to know the absolute value of the residual tension conditions.It is to recommend, to employ the method developed by G. Sachs, because the computing expenditure is much less than the one necessary for the method of E. Krägeloh.
    Notes: Die Berechnungen von Eigenspannungen aus den bei der Formänderungsanalyse gemessenen Dehnungsverläufen an zylindrischen Körpern lassen sich für homogene Werkstoffe nach zwei bekannten Berechnungsverfahren durchführen. Diesen beiden Verfahren liegen grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Hypothesen der angenommenen Spannungs- bzw. Dehnungsverläufe über den Probenquerschnitten zugrunde. Die Verfahren, abgeleitet für homogene und inhomogene Werkstoffe, erfüllen mit ihren jeweiligen Differentialgleichungen die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen.Bei den Umfangsspannungen lassen sich erhebliche Differenzen in den errechneten Spannungswerten bei Anwendung der beiden Verfahren an homogenen Werkstoffen nachweisen. Beim Abdrehversuch ergeben sich diese Abweichungen insbesondere am Zylindermantel, wobei sich die Spannungsunterschiede mit zunehmender Wanddicke vergrößern. Dagegen weichen die nach beiden Verfahren bestimmten längs- und Radialspannungen nur unwesentlich voneinander.Viel wichtiger als die Ermittlung der absoluten Eigenspannungszustände in einem Körper ist vielmehr die Kenntnis von der Tendenz des Eigenspannungsverlaufs. Nicht zuletzt auch wegen des geringeren rechnerischen Aufwandes ist die Anwendung des Sachschen Berechnungsverfahrens bei der Eigenspannungsanalyse an homogenen Werkstoffen empfehlenswert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 177
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 178
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A20 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 179
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 116-117 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 180
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 110-115 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Computation of Residual Stresses in Metal-Sprayed Solid Bodies Presenting Rotation SymmetryResidual stresses are internal tensions in a workpiece without acting forces and moments on the solid body. The knowledge of the residual stresses can be very interesting because the superposition with tensions from forces and moments can produce a unfavorable state of stresses.Based on the reflektions for the computation of residual stresses in homogen materials the general equations for inhomogen materials and the equations for the special case of a solid body consisting of two layers are differentiated. A simple evaluation is shown. In a special case the solid body is taken as inhomogen, while the layers are homogen and isotropic. The equations are employed for metal-sprayed bodies and for all other laminated systems of two layers presenting rotation symmetry. There are press fits, shrink fits, clad steel a.s.o. Different hypothesis for computation the circumferential tension show two different solutions with two different results.
    Notes: Eigenspannungen sind in einem Werkstück vorhandene innere Spannungen, ohne daß Kräfte oder Momente auf den Körper einwirken. Die Kenntnis der Eigenspannungen kann von Interesse sein, besonders wenn durch Superposition mit den Lastspannungen ungünstige Spannungszustände im Werkstück entstehen. Ausgehend von den Überlegungen zur Eigenspannungsberechnung in homogenen Werkstoffen werden die allgemeinen Lösungsgleichungen für inhomogene Werkstoffe und die Gleichungen für den speziellen Fall eines aus zwei Schichten bestehenden Verbundkörpers abgeleitet und die Möglichkeiten der einfachen Auswertung aufgezeigt. Im speziellen Fall wird der Gesamtkörper als inhomogen, die einzelnen Schichten als homogen und isotrop betrachtet. Die Gleichungen sind nicht nur auf metallgespritzte Verbundkörper anwendbar, sondern auf alle rotationssymmetrischen Zweistoffsysteme, wie Preß- und Schrumpfpassungen, plattierte Werkstücke usw. übertragbar. Aufgrund verschiedener Hypothesen werden für die Ermittlung der Umfangsspannungen zwei unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze gemacht, die zu voneinander abweichenden Ergebnissen führen. Auf die entsprechenden Unterschiede wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 181
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 182
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress Corrosion Cracking at Temperature in the range of 180 °C.Tests are described to find out the stress corrosion behaviour of some stainless steels of the austenitic and ferritic-austenitic type in low concentrated aqueous chloride media with temperatures up to 180°C and pressures up to 10 bar. A sensitivity of the austenitic steels could be determined during 6 to 55 hours, the ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 however didn't suffer any SCC during 235 h with the exception of the welded state.In this way - by the use of a pressure vessel - it is possible, to carry out laboratory tests under conditions of practice.
    Notes: Es werden Versuche zur Ermittlung des Spannungsrißkorrosionsverhaltens rost- und säurebeständiger austenitischer und ferritisch-austenitischer Stähle in niedrigkonzentrierten chloridhaltigen wäßrigen Lösungen bei höheren Temperaturen und Drücken beschrieben. Eine Anfälligkeit von Stählen auch in diesen Lösungen läßt sich nach relativ kurzen Versuchszeiten nachweisen. Somit ist die Simulation von Schadensfällen in der Praxis leicht möglich.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 183
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A31 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 184
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 134-144 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: COD Investigations on Low Alloy SteelsFracture toughness tests were performed at low alloy steels using the COD concept. Especially have been investigated the effect of evaluation methods, determination of stable crack initation and the effect of specimen geometry on the critical crack tip opening displacement:The evaluation methods in use today yield different δc-values, therefore a standard procedure method may be desirable.The potential method seems to give the best results for characterizing stable crack growth. A control by unloading and marking the crack extension by additional fatigue loading or other methods might be necessary.An effect of specimen thickness on the critical crack opening displacement was only found at thin specimens, in which no plane strain appeared or only arised in a small region within the center of the specimen. The crack opening displacement at the moment of first crack propagation (stable or instable) proved to be independent of specimen thickness if the amount of plane strain exceeded 50%. For this condition also was found no influence of crack length within the range for a/W = 0,2 to 0,65.
    Notes: An niedriglegierten Baustählen erfolgten bruchmechanische Untersuchungen nach dem COD-Konzept. Insbesondere wurde dabei der Einfluß der Meßmethode und des Auswerteverfahrens, die Bestimmung des Beginns des stabilen Rißfortschritts und der Einfluß der Proben- und Rißgeometrie auf die kritische Rißaufweitung δc untersucht:Die heute gebräuchlichen Auswerteverfahren können zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führen; eine Festlegung der anzuwendenden Auswertemethode durch Normung ist wünschenswert.Von den indirekten Methoden zum Erfassen des stabilen Rißfortschritts scheint z. Z. die Potentialmethode die sichersten Ergebnisse zu liefern. Eine Kontrolle des Rißfortschritts mittels Lastunterbrechung kann erforderlich sein.Ein Einfluß der Probendicke auf die kritische Rißaufweitung ist nur bei dünnen Proben gegeben, in denen ein ebener Dehnungszustand in Probenmitte zum Zeitpunkt der Rißausbreitung nicht oder nur in einem kleinen Bereich vorliegt. Für Proben mit größeren Anteilen an ebenem Dehnungszustand in Probenmitte - ab etwa 50% - wird die Rißaufweitung bei Rißbeginn (stabil oder instabil) dickenunabhängig. Auch ein Einfluß der Rißlänge ist dann für das Rißlängenverhältnis a/W = 0,2 bis 0,65 nicht festzustellen.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 185
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 186
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A18 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 187
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 312-318 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Carbon Content on the Fatigue Strength of Hardened and Tempered SteelsIn hardened and tempered condition the same tensile strength can be attained by steels with different carbon contents through suitable tempering temperature. The aim of this study was to find out, whether steels with different carbon contents, having similar tensile strength, produce different fatigue limits. A new methods of evaluation through graphical description of multiple regression analysis has been used.The results of this investigation show, that, within the usual range of tensile strength, the carbon content of hardened and tempered steels is immaterial for the fatigue strength. A higher carbon content brings only then advantages, if the reduction of area is not affected by it adversely. Particularly for higher strengthes (Rm 〉 1500 N/mm2) higher carbon content is advantageous, because for steels with higher carbon a higher tempering temperature is permissible, which leads to higher ductility.
    Notes: Im vergüteten Zustand ist es im üblichen Festigkeitsbereich für die Dauerfestigkeit ohne Bedeutung, mit welchem Kohlenstoffgehalt die Zugfestigkeit eingestellt wird. Ein höherer Kohlenstoffgehalt bringt dann Vorteile, wenn die Brucheinschnürung durch den höheren Kohlenstoffgehalt nicht herabgesetzt wird. Das kann sich besonders bei höheren Festigkeiten (Rm 〉 1500 N/mm2) günstig auswirken, da dann der Stahl mit dem höheren Kohlenstoffgehalt eine höhere Anlaßtemperatur erlaubt und damit zu einer höheren Duktilität (Brucheinschnürung Z) führt.Bei Stählen mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt (C 〈 0,3%) wird die höchste Schwingfestigkeit im gehärteten, nicht angelassenen Zustand erzielt, bei Stählen mit höherem Kohlenstoffgehalt nach Anlassen zwischen 200 und 450 °C.Die maximal erreichbare Biegewechselfestigkeit liegt bei 850 ± 100 N/mm2, sie wird von allen Vergütungsstählen mit C 〉 0,3% erreicht.
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  • 188
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A71 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 189
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 330-341 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inorganic Fibres - Fabrication, Properties and ApplicationGlass- and carbon fibres are preferred reinforcement materials for composites with polymer matrix. Basing on an analysis of their properties it is shown that other inorganic fibres can combine the advantages of both, and avoid their disadvantages. Boron-, siliconcarbide- and alumina-fibres are discussed in detail.The boron fibre has a YOUNG's modulus up to 45 MN/m2 and a strength of 3000-4000 MN/m2 as well as high compressive and shear strength. Therefore the boron fibres are superior to the carbon fibres as high modulus reinforcement material. The disadvantages of the boron fibres are their complicated fabrication process (chemical vapour deposition on a tungsten monofilament), and their only availability in form of monofilaments with diameters of at least 60 μm. The boron fibre recristallizes at 6000 °C and reacts also with the tungsten substrat. Thus, its application at elevated temperatures is limited.The SiC-fibre shows the same mechanical properties as the boron fibre but it can be fabricated by chemical vapour deposition also on a carbon monofilament. The advantages are the chemical compatibility with carbon substrat and the resistance against oxidation. The disadvantage is the higher density compared with that of boron (3,5 against 2,6 · 103 kg/m3) Carbon yarns (with 10 000 monofilaments of 10 μm diameter) with SiC coatings of 0,5 μm can be seen as an alternative to the relatively thick SiC-monofilaments with 60 μm diameter. The advantage of such coated carbon yarn is a better applicability in fibre reinforced composite materials. There exists a further alternative preparation process for SiC-yarn, namely the spinning of polycarbosilanes with subsequent formation of SiC by pyrolysis treatment.Al2O3-fibres are chemically inert against most oxidic and metallic matrix materials, and promises to be candidate reinforcement materials for aluminium. They can be prepared by melt-spinning process as well as by a hydrolysis-process starting from aluminium organic compounds with subsequent heat treatment for thermal decomposition.The properties of all these fibre materials are compared with those of glass-, polyamid- and carbon-fibres as well as with metal wires.
    Notes: Aufgrund einer Analyse der Eigenschaften der heute bevorzugten Verstärkungsfasern aus Glas und Kohlenstoff wird gezeigt, daß es anorganische Materialien gibt, die die Vorteile der obigen Fasern unter Vermeidung deren Nachteile vereinigen. Als repräsentative Beispiele werden die Borfaser, die Siliziumkarbidfaser und die Aluminiumoxidfaser näher besprochen.Die Borfaser weist Elastizitätsmoduln bis 45 · 104 MN/m2 bei Zugfestigkeiten von 3000-4000 MN/m2, aber auch hohe Druckfestigkeit und geringe Scherempfindlichkeit auf. Damit ist die Borfaser der Kohlenstoffaser als Hochmodul-Verstärkungselement überlegen. Der Nachteil der Borfaser ist deren komplizierte Herstellung (chemische Gasphasenabscheidung auf einem Wolframdraht) und die ausschließliche Verfügbarkeit als Monofilament mit mindestens 60 μ Durchmesser. Die Borfaser rekristallisiert bei Temperaturen oberhalb 600 °C und reagiert zusätzlich mit der Wolframseele, was deren Anwendungsmöglichkeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen einschränkt.Die SiC-Faser hat gleiche mechanische Eigenschaften wie die Borfaser und kann durch chemische Gasphasenabscheidung auch auf Kohlenstoff-Monofilamenten hergestellt werden. Dies bringt den Vorteil der chemischen Verträglichkeit mit der Kohlenstoffseele. Die SiC-Faser ist außerdem oxidationsempfindlich. Der Nachteil der SiC-Faser ist deren höhere Dichte im Vergleich zu Bor (3,5 gegenüber 2,6 · 103 kg/m3). Kohlenstoffasergarne mit bis zu 10 000 Monofilamenten von 10 μm Durchmesser, die mit SiC-Schichten um 0,5 μ umhüllt sind, können als Alternative zu den 60 μm dicken SiC-Monofilamenten angesehen werden. Der Vorteil derartiger beschichteter Kohlenstoffaserbündel ist deren leichtere Verarbeitbarkeit im Verbundkörper. Auch bietet sich zur Herstellung von SiC-Faserbündeln ein Spinnverfahren von Polycarbosilanen mit anschließender Pyrolyse zum SiC-Garn an.Die Al2O3-Faser hätte den großen Vorteil einer chemischen Inertheit gegenüber den meisten oxidischen und metallischen Matrixmaterialien. Sie könnte als ideales Verstärkungselement für Aluminiumwerkstoffe angesehen werden. Zu deren Herstellung kann man das Schmelzspinn-Verfahren, aber auch ein Gelverfahren, ausgehend von aluminiumorganischen Verbindungen und anschließendem thermischen Abbau, anwenden.Die Eigenschaften aller dieser Fasertypen werden vergleichend mit denen der Glas-, Polyaramid- und Kohlenstoffasern sowie mit Metalldrähten diskutiert.
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  • 190
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 343-360 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Structures of Fatigue Fractures in Fibre-Reinforced PlasticsThe report deals with macrofractographic and microfractographic structures in non-reinforced epoxide resins as well as in glass-fibre reinforced plastics and carbon-fibre reinforced plastics after fatigue stresses. Epoxide resins show fatigue striations and fracture lines similar to those in metals. The distance between the fatigue striations amounts to between 0.70 and 150 m̈m and increases continuously in the direction of fracture propagation. The instantaneous fractures in non-reinforced resin show parabolic cusps besides Wallner-lines and lance-shaped structures.Surfaces of delamination fractures of glass-fibre reinforced plastics show fatigue striations which are characteristic for fibre-reinforced composites, but their morphology differs from the fatigue striations in non-reinforced resin.This was the first time that fatigue striations could be discovered in fibre-reinforced composites of a fibre content of 70 per cent by volume.These fatigue striations are strongly marked at the positions of the fibres and will probably arise only in case of a sufficiently high local stress intensity. Moreover, the amounts of the local slicing and shearing stress components, of which is composed the stress causing the fracture, could be partly responsible for the formation of fatigue striations.The formation of the fatigue striations allows to draw conclusions with respect to the fracture-causing local stress distribution and the local crack propagation in fibre-reinforced plastics.The surfaces of instantaneous fractures in glass-fibre reinforced plastics and carbon-fibre reinforced plastics show parabolic cusps. This is another distinguishing characteristic as compared with the surfaces of fatigue fractures.
    Notes: Es wird über makro- und mikrofraktographische Strukturen an reinem Epoxidharz sowie an GFK und CFK nach Schwingbeanspruchung berichtet. In Epoxidharz treten Schwingungsstreifen und Bruchbahnen, ähnlich wie an Metallen auf. Der Abstand der Schwingungsstreifen beträgt 0,70 bis 150 m̈m und nimmt in Bruchfortschrittsrichtung kontinuierlich zu. Die Gewaltbrüche in reinem Harz zeigen neben Wallner-Linien und Lanzettenstruktur durchwegs Bruchhyperbeln.Delaminationsbruchflächen von GFK weisen für den faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoff charakteristische Schwingungsstreifen auf, deren Morphologie sich von den Schwingungsstreifen an reinem Harz unterscheidet.Damit ist es erstmals gelungen, an faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit einem Fasergehalt von 70 Vol.% Schwingungsstreifen zu finden.Letztere sind am Ort der Fasern besonders ausgeprägt und dürften nur bei genügend hoher, örtlicher Spannungsintensität entstehen. Des weiteren könnten die Beträge der örtlichen Schäl- und Schubspannungskomponenten, aus denen sich die bruchwirksame Spannung zusammensetzt, für die Bildung von Schwingungsstreifen mitverantwortlich sein.Die Ausbildung der Schwingungsstreifen läßt auf die bruchwirksame, örtliche Spannungsverteilung und den örtlichen Rißfortschritt im faserverstärkten Kunststoff schließen.Die Gewaltbruchflächen von GFK und CFK weisen Bruchhyperbeln auf. Damit ist ein weiteres Unterscheidungsmerkmal zu den Schwingbruchflächen gegeben.
    Additional Material: 41 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß hoher Temperaturgradienten auf die Stabilität dreier oxiddispersionsgehärteter (ODS) Legierungen (MA 754 und MA 6000 E auf Ni-Basis, MA 956 auf Fe-Basis) und des gerichtet erstarrten Eutektikums γ/γ′/α wurde experimentell untersucht. Die Maximaltemperaturen betrugen bis zu 1200°C bei Temperaturgradienten in der Größenordnung von 100°C/mm.Bei den ODS-Legierungen erwies sich die Prüfung als schwierig, da die thermischen Spannungen aufgrund des Temperaturgradienten zu Rißbildung und Rißwachstum im Material führen. Daher erscheinen diese Legierungen für die Anwendung in Gegenwart von Temperaturgradienten wenig geeignet.In der Legierung γ/γ′-α wurde eine ausgezeichnete Stabilität der Mo-Fasern festgestellt; allerdings wurden Gefügeveränderungen in der Nähe der Korngrenzen beobachtet. Ähnliche Instabilitäten wurden auch in isotherm geglühten Proben gefunden, so daß ein deutlicher Einfluß eines Temperaturgradienten auf das Gefüge von γ/γ′-α-Legierungen nicht zu erkennen ist.
    Notes: Thermal gradient testing of three oxide dispersion strengthened alloys (two Ni-base alloys, MA 754 and MA 6000E, and the Fe-base MA 956) and the directionally solidified eutectic alloy, γ/γ′-α, have been conducted. Experiments were carried out with maximum temperatures up to 1200°C and thermal gradients on the order of 100°C/mm. The oxide dispersion strengthened alloys were difficult to test because the thermal stresses promoted crack nucleation and growth; thus the ability of these alloys to maintain a thermal gradient may be limited. The stability of individual fibers in γ/γ′-α was found to be excellent; however, microstructural changes were observed in the vicinity of grain boundaries. Similar structures were also observed in isothermally annealed material; therefore thermal gradients do not affect the microstructure of γ/γ′-α in any significant manner.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 193
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Yield criterion for thermoplastics. Part II: Isotropic Yield CriterionUsing the plastic potential for anisotropic solids which have been investigated in the first part of this paper, a isotropic yield criterion is derived and compared with experimental results.
    Notes: Ausgehend vom plastischen Potential für anisotrope Werkstoffe, das im Teil ITeil I ist erschienen in Heft 10/1980. dieser Arbeit untersucht wurde, ist eine isotrope Fließbedingung hergeleitet und mit experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 387-399 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigations on Structural Member Toughness with Several Pressure Vessel MaterialsFormer bursting tests and strain measurements with model vessels of boiler plate and of low temperature steel gave already informations on toughness behaviour of such structural members at temperatures down to -140°C. This paper deals with similar tests on vessels of fine grain steels and gives a final evaluation of all these experiments. Characteristic deformation and fracture phenomena are found at the changing from tough to brittle behaviour according to ductility of the different materials. Materials data as impact transition temperature and Robertson crack arrest temperature as well as pressure to yield during the bursting test may be used to estimate safety in calculation of pressure vessels. The results of these experiments lead to stress analytic investigations which are reported in a further paper.
    Notes: Kenntnisse über das Zähigkeitsverhalten von Behältern unter Innendruck wurden durch Berstversuche mit Verformungsmessungen an Modellbehältern verschiedener Konstruktionsform aus den Werkstoffen Kesselblech HI/HII und Tieftemperaturstahl TTSt. 35 N bereits in früheren Untersuchungen gewonnen. Diese Ergebnisse werden ergänzt durch analoge Versuche an Behältern aus den Feinkornbaustählen TTSt.E36 und St.E47, über die hier schwerpunktmäßig berichtet wird. Durch Absenken der Temperatur findet man charakteristische Verformungs- und Brucherscheinungen, die den Übergang vom zähen zum spröden Verhalten der Bauteile je nach der Duktilität der einzelnen Werkstoffe kennzeichnen. Aus Werkstoffkennwerten wie Kerbschlagübergangstemperatur und Rißauffangtemperatur nach Robertson sowie aus dem Druck für den Fließbeginn während des Berstversuches können die in jedem Fall vorhandene Verformungsreserve und die Sicherheit bei der Bauteilauslegung nach den Regeln der Technik abgeschätzt werden. Die experimentellen Befunde bilden die Voraussetzung und zugleich die Bestätigung für spannungsanalytische Untersuchungen, über die in einem weiteren Aufsatz berichtet wird.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 195
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 196
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: High Temperature Fatigue of the Precipitation Hardened Alloy AlCuMnZr (2219) - A Study of the MicrostructureThe creep resistant alloy AlCuMnZr (age-hardened) was subjected to simultaneous fatigue and annealing (at 300°C). This condition (high temperature fatigue) is often found under operational conditions, e.g. in cylinder heads. The material was then studied by means of mechanical testing (hardness measurements) and optical and electron microscopy. It is shown by microscopy that the microstructure is inhomogeneous: Band-like regions are formed in which the phase transformation Θ′ → Θ has occurred. Coarsening of the precipitates is somewhat accelerated in the matrix due to fatigue. The results will be discussed on grounds of the literature and the existing theories.
    Notes: Die warmfeste Legierung AlCuMnZr (voll ausgehärtet) wird gleichzeitig einer Dauerschwingbelastung sowie einer Temperaturerhöhung (300 °C) unterworfen. Diese Beanspruchungskombination (Hochtemperatur-Ermüdung) tritt in der Praxis vielfach auf, u.a. in Zylinder-köpfen. Der Werkstoff wird anschließend mechanisch (Härtemessungen) sowie licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Mikroskopie erhellt die ausgeprägte Inhomogenität des Verformungsgefüges, das aus schmalen bänderförmigen Bereichen besteht, in denen die Phasentransformation Θ′ → Θ stattgefunden hat. Diese Bänder umschließen das Θ′-gehärtete Grundgefüge. In letzterem hat die Ermüdung das Teilchenwachstum im Vergleich zu einer Auslagerung ohne Belastung etwas beschleunigt. Die Ergebnisse werden im Lichte der vorhandenen Literatur und Theorien diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 197
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 3-3 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 23-24 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass or metal ; Connecting cement ; Silver chloride ; Heat-stable to 400°C ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 199
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 248-252 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column loadability - overload phenomenon ; Non-classical approach to theory of loadability ; Effect on retention times, peak shape ; Effect of column length ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The usual concepts of the dynamics of an overloaded solute band fail to explain several phenomena such as the typical “leading-tail” shape and retention deviations exhibited by overloaded peaks, and why these defects are more commonly observed in short columns. These and other related deviations from theory can be rationalized by a non-classical approach to the overloading phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 200
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 257-260 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid adsorption chromatography, LSC, LC ; LC with binary mobile phase ; Solute-solvent association ; Solvent-solvent association ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical equations for the capacity ratio in liquid adsorption chromatography with a binary mobile phase, involving solute-solvent and solvent-solvent association in the mobile and surface phases, have been derived. Very simple equations have been obtained for higher values of mole fraction of the more efficient eluting solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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