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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (176)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1981  (176)
  • Physical Chemistry  (123)
  • Life Sciences
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerium (IV) oxidation rate of p-chloromandelic acid in perchlorate and sulfate media (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of the cerium (IV) oxidation of p-chloromandelic acid has been studied in perchlorate media at an ionic strength of 1.50 mol/dm3 by the stopped-flow technique and in H2SO4—MHSO4 (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+) and H2SO4—MClO4 (M+ = H+, Li+, Na+) mixtures at constant total electrolyte concentrations of 1.00 and 2.00 mol/dm3 using the conventional spectrophotometric method. In perchlorate media the kinetic data indicate the formation of two intermediate complexes between cerium (IV) and the organic substrate, but only one is significantly involved in the intramolecular electron-transfer process. The oxidation rate is markedly lower in sulfate media, where two reaction paths have been found to contribute to the overall redox reaction. The univalent cations examined exhibit negative specific effects upon the overall oxidation rate increasing in the order H+ 〈 Li+ 〈 Na+ 〈 K+. Activation parameters have been also estimated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130205
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the photochemical reactions of sulfur dioxide with pentane in the presence of nitrogen oxide (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectrum of the intermediate product ascribed to nitrosopentane has been detected in the photolysis of the SO2-pentane (RH)-NO mixture. This result has been interpreted in terms of the radical mechanism by assuming the H-atom abstraction from RH by the excited SO2 molecules to be the primary act. The contribution of the singlet and triplet SO2 states to the product formation rate and the ratio of the singlet-to-triplet rate constants have been evaluated. At NO pressures above 5 torr, the product formation rate significantly deviates from the Stern-Volmer dependence.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The infrared chemiluminescent reaction of Cl atoms with H2CO (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 325-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction Cl + H2CO → HCl + HCO has been studied at 295 K. Chlorine atoms were produced via the infrared laser induced dissociation of CCl3F, using a pulsed CO2 TEA laser. Using HCl infrared chemiluminescence as the diagnostic, we find the rate constant to be 7.4 ± 0.7 × 10-11 cm3/molecule sec, in good agreement with several recent studies. An evaluation of TEA laser photolysis as a technique for the generation of chlorine atoms is made, and the relationship of this experiment to recent theories of infrared laser induced chemistry is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the oxidation of U (IV) by hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid medium (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 385-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction have been investigated in H2SO4 medium under different conditions. The observed bimolecular rate constant kobs, has been found to depend on [H+]-0.55 and to increase with the initial concentration ratio of the reactants R0 = [H2O2]0/[U (IV)]0 above 0.49. The activation energy of the overall reaction has been determined as 13.79 and 14.3 kcal/mol at R0 = 1 and 0.35, respectively. Consistent with experimental data, a detailed reaction mechanism has been proposed where the hydrolytic reaction (4) followed by the rate-controlling reaction (10) and subsequent fast reactions of U (V) and OH radicals are involved: A kinetic expression has been derived from which a graphical evaluation of (kK4)-1 and k-1 has been made at R0 = 1 as (12.30 ± 0.09) × 10-3 M min, (6.23 ± 2.19) × 10-4 M min; and at R0 = 0.35 as (12.63 ± 2.13) × 10-3 M min, (8.32 ± 6.62) × 10-4 M min, respectively. Indications of some participation of a chain reactionat R0 = 1 have been obtained without affecting thesecond-order kinetics as observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130501
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An indirect measurement of the absolute rate constant of the self-reaction of tert-butoxy radicalsPublication No. 251 from the Photochemistry Unit. (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 433-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No reliable rate constant is available for the self-reaction of tert-;butoxy radicals. We have set up a competition between hydrogen abstraction and self-reaction of tert-butoxy radicals in a flash photolysis electron spin resonance study to extract this information. Experimental values of hydrogen abstraction product radical concentrations under various hydrogen donor concentrations were then compared with theoretically calculated values with different values of 2k4 to obtain the best fit. Hydrogen donors such as cyclopentane, anisole, methyl tert-butyl ether, and methanol were chosen for the study. A value of (1.3 ± 0.5) × 109M-1 sec-1 for the rate constant of the self-reaction of tert-butoxy radicals has been determined at 293°K.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistency of theory and experiment in the ethane-methyl radical system (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 481-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of ethane has been reinvestigated using the single pulse, reflected shock technique. Reflected shock temperatures were corrected for boundary layer-induced nonidealities using the thermal decomposition of cyclohexene as a kinetic standard. The rate constant for the reaction was calculated from the rate of formation of methane under conditions of very low extent of reaction, over a temperature range of 1000-1241 K. Ethane compositions of 1% and 3% in argon at total reaction pressures of 3 and 9 atm were used, and a small pressure dependence of k1 was observed.An RRKM model is described which gives excellent agreement with this and other recent dissociation and recombination rate constant data in light of a recent revision to the thermochemistry of the methyl radical. In the range of 1000-1300 K an RRKM extrapolated k1∞ is given by the expression, log k1∞ = 17.2 - 91,000/2.3RT, while at 298 K the calculation gives log k-1∞ (l/mol sec) = 10.44, where k-1∞ is calculated from k1∞ and the equilibrium constant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130506
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between iodine and monosilane and the bond dissociation energy D(H3Si—H)A preliminary account of this work has appeared in Ref. [1]. (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 503-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title reaction has been investigated in the temperature range of 494-545 K. During the early stages of reaction the only observed products were silyl iodide and hydrogen iodide. Initial rates were found to obey the rate law over a wide range of initial iodine and monosilane pressures. Secondary reactions, most probably of SiH3I with I2, became more important as the reaction progressed. However, provided [SiH4]0/[I2]0 〉 20, these secondary processes had a negligible effect on the kinetics, and an integrated rate expression could be used. These kinetics are consistent with an iodine atom abstraction chain mechanism, and for the step has been deduced. From this the bond dissociation energy D(SiH3—H) = 378 ± 5 kJ/mol (90 kcal/mol) is obtained. The kinetic and thermochemical implications of this value, especially to the pyrolysis of monosilane, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The estimation of a factors for atom fissions in polyatomics (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that A factors for atom fissions in polyatomics can be reliably estimated by an improved version of the restricted free rotor model (RFRM). No adjustable parameters are used in the evaluation of A factors for the dissociation of the RO—F bond (R: NO2, SF5, CF3, FSO2), and the authors' predictions are compared with high-pressure kinetic data for these reactions. In the case of O2NOF, for which full spectroscopic information is available, RFRM reproduces the observed value Am well within a factor of 2. Similar agreement is reached for F5SOF and FO2SOF, assigning reasonable limits to their —OF torsional frequencies. For F3COF, Am and the calculated back reaction rate constant, which is independent of the model, are both much too small to be plausible, suggesting falloff effects rather than a failure of RFRM.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130608
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared photochemistry of bis(trifluoromethyl) peroxide (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 627-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(trifluoromethyl) peroxide is readily dissociated by multiple infrared photon excitation at CO2 laser wavelengths. The primary dissociation product is CF3O; approximately 85% of the nascent radicals are further dissociated in the laser field to form CF2O and F. The F atoms then react with the remaining CF3O to produce CF3OF. The formation of CF3OF is strongly inhibited by addition of HI, which reacts preferentially with the F atoms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130704
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micellar catalyzed enolization of acetone (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 695-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The acid-catalyzed enolization of acetone in the presence of bromine is found to be catalyzed by the anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The rate acceleration expected on the basis of lowering of activation energy is largely nullified by the decrease in the entropy of activation, leading to a very small rate enhancement, i.e., kψ/k0 = 1.2 at 30°C. The binding constant for the micelle-substrate complex is determined. The micellar rate enhancement is the same, irrespective of the halogen used, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130802
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minor products and initiation rate in the chain pyrolysis of propaneThis paper summarizes a part of the dissertation submitted by C. Juste for the degree of Docteur-Ingénieur, Nancy, France, 1980. (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 855-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With a continuous jet-stirred tank reactor operating at small space time (0.05-1.2 s) the kinetics of the formation of six minor products (ethane, isobutane, butene-1, 2,3-dimethyl-butane, 4-methylpentene-1, and 1,5-hexadiene) are studied during the pyrolysis of propane, at small extents of reaction and over the temperature range of 600-780°C. The experimental results are in agreement with the free radical mechanism proposed by Jezequel, Baronnet, and Niclause for this reaction. They show that the two most important termination processes are The measured rates of formation of the minor products are consistent with the quasi-identical values estimated by Jezequel and co-workers (between 475 and 505°C) and by Allara and Edelson (between 510 and 560°C) for kinetic parameters (A1 ≃ 1016.65 s-1 and E1 ≃ 84.7 kcal/mole) of the chain initiation process
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130909
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the reactions of fluorine with hydrogen and methane in the initiation phase using a miniature tubular reactor (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 39-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A small tubular reactor having an inner diameter of 1-2 mm andused as the source in a molecular beam apparatus is described in detail. This arrangement allows the study of fast reactions with reaction times smaller than 1 msec. The preexplosive reaction phase between F2 and H2 and CH4, respectively, is investigated to find out the initiation reactions. In the F2/H2 reaction, initiation is brought about by heterogeneous generation of F atoms or some other surface reaction. Evidence is also obtained for chain branching reactions. In the F2/CH4 case the dominant initiation reaction is the homogeneous reaction CH4 + F2 → CH3 + HF + F. The rate constant for the reaction between 300 and 400 K is 1012.3±0.3 exp[-47 ± 8 kJ/mol/RT] cm3/mol sec. The analysis of the experimental data also yields the rate constant for the propagation reaction CH3 + F2 → CH3 F + F, which is 1012.3±0.3 exp[-4.6 ±2.1 kJ/mol/RT] cm3/mol sec.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130105
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel type of chemical oscillator (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 321-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130311
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal decomposition of fluorinated esters (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of thermal decomposition of ethyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl trifluoroacetates have been studied in the gas phase. In each case initial decomposition follows the normal ester route to give an olefin and trifluoroacetic acid, and elimination of hydrogen fluoride does not occur. However, trifluoroacetic acid is thermally unstable at ethyl and isopropyl ester decomposition temperatures, and further products result, including those from the difluorocarbene produced by decomposing trifluoroacetic acid. Placing a CF3 group at an ester's γ carbon increases the polarity of its transition state and decreases its thermal stability. The activation energies of the ethyl and isopropyl esters are lowered by 3.8 and 4.7 kcal/mol compared to the corresponding acetates, and the primary decomposition kinetics, which are homogeneous and of the first order, are expressed by α-Methylation enhances the reactivity of the trifluoroacetates, and the t-butyl ester, the transition state for which is sufficiently polar for heterogeneous decomposition to occur, shows signs of thermal instability at room temperature. The equilibrium was also investigated and gave ΔH° = +13,580 cal/mol and ΔS° = +31.07 gibbs/mol in the forward direction. The results obtained extend and support the known structure-rate correlations in the gas-phase elimination of esters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130504
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very-low-pressure pyrolysis of ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, and tert-butylbenzene (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 445-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal unimolecular decomposition of ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, and tert-butylbenzene was studied using the very-low-pressure pyrolysis (VLPP) technique. Each reactant decomposed by way of β C—C bond homolysis, producing methyl radicals and benzyl or benzylic-type radicals. RRKM calculations show that the observed rate constants, when combined with thermochemical estimates, are consistent with the following high-pressure rate expressions: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = 15.3 - (72.7/{\rm \theta)} $\end{document} for ethylbenzene between 1053 and 1234 K, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = 15.8 - (71.3/{\rm \theta)} $\end{document} for isopropylbenzene between 971 and 1151 K, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = 15.9 - (69.1/{\rm \theta)} $\end{document} for tert-butylbenzene between 929 and 1157 K, where θ (kcal/mol) = 2.303RT. Resulting activation energies combined with heat capacity and heat of formation data led to the following dissociation enthalpies and enthalpies of formation at 298 K: DH° (øCH(CH3)—CH3) = 73.8 kcal/mol, ΔHf° (øÇCH(CH3)) = 39.6 kcal/mol, DH° (øC(CH3)2—CH3) = 72.9 kcal/mol, and ΔHf° (øÇ(CH3)2) = 32.4 kcal/mol. Derived high-pressure rate constants are in good accord with results of lower temperature toluene- and aniline-carrier experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130503
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130601
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An overall and detailed kinetic study of the pyrolysis of propane (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 149-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Overall and detailed kinetic descriptions of the pyrolysis of C3H8 have been proposed as a result of a turbulent flow reactor investigation in the temperature range of 1110-1235 K and at atmospheric pressure. The overall reaction was described by a first-order rate expression with an activation energy of 58.65 kcal/mol and a preexponential factor of 3.2 × 1012 sec-1. This expression agrees with previously reported rate data. In addition, a kinetic mechanism involving 13 chemical species and 32 elementary reactions has been postulated to describe the kinetics. Experimental data from the present flow reactor experiments and from static vessel and shock tube experiments reported in the literature were used to verify the mechanism. Agreement over the temperature range of 800-1400 K and over the pressure range of 0.1-8.5 atm was obtained by adjusting three rate constants. Previously reported values for these rate constants appear to require reexamination. The reactions in question are the following: The sum of the rate constants for reactions (2a) and (2b) and the rate constant for reaction (23) are best represented by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{2a} + k_{2b} = 10^{- 0.1} T^4 \exp (-8300/{\rm RT}){\rm cm}^3 /{\rm mol}\;{\rm sec} $$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{23} = 10^{14.55} \exp (-14,340/{\rm RT}){\rm cm}^3 /{\rm mol}\;{\rm sec} $$\end{document} which differ with the expressions in the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130206
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate constants for ozone-alkene reactions under atmospheric conditions (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By measuring the rates of decay of ozone in a large excess of reactant, second-order rate constants have been obtained for the reactions of ozone with ethene, propene, but-1-ene, trans-but-2-ene, isobutene, hex-1-ene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, isoprene, vinyl fluoride, 1,1-difluoroethene, cis-1,2-difluoroethene, trans-1,2-difluoroethene, trifluoroethene, tetrafluoroethene, and 2,5—dihydrofuran. The reactions have been studied in synthetic air at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures of 294 and 260 K. The rate constants and Arrhenius parameters are discussed in relation to existing kinetic data on ozone-alkene reactions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130210
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very low-pressure pyrolysis (VLPP) of pentynes. II. 4-methylpent-2-yne and 4,4-dimethylpent-2-yne. Heats of formation and resonance stabilization energies of methyl-substituted propargyl radicals (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 255-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of the unimolecular decomposition of 4-methylpent-2-yne (M2P) and 4,4-dimethylpent-2-yne (DM2P) have been carried out over the temperature range of 903-1246 K using the technique of very-low pressure pyrolysis (VLPP). The primary reaction for both compounds is fission of the C—C bond adjacent to the acetylenic group producing the resonance-stabilized methyl-substituted propargyl radicals, CH3C≡ĊH(CH3) from M2P and CH3C≡CĊ(CH3)2 from DM2P. RRKM calculations were performed in conjunction with both vibrational and hindered rotational models for the transition state. Employing the usual assumption of unit efficiency for gas-wall collisions, the results show that only the rotational model with a temperature-dependent hindrance parameter gives a proper fit to the VLPP data over the entire experimental temperature range. The high-pressure Arrhenius parameters at 1100 K are given by the rate expressions log k2 (sec-1) = (16.2 ± 0.3) - (74.4 ± 1.5)/θ for M2P and log k3 (sec-1) = (16.4 ± 0.3) - (71.4 ± 1.5)/θ for DM2P where θ = 2.303RT kcal/mol. The A factors were assigned from the results of recent shock-tube studies of related alkynes. Inclusion of a decrease in gas-wall collision efficiency with temperature would lower both activation energies by ∼1 kcal/mol. The critical energies together with the assumption of zero activation energy for recombination of the product radicals at 0 K lead to DH0[CH3CCCH(CH3)—CH3] = 76.7 ± 1.5, ΔHf0[CH3CCCH(CH3)] = 65.2 ± 2.3, DH0[CH3CCCH(CH3)—H] = 87.3 ± 2.7, DH0[CH3CCC(CH3)2—CH3] = 72.5 ± 1.5, ΔHf0[CH3CCĊ(CH3)2] = 53.0 ± 2.3, and DH0[CH3CCC(CH3)2—H] = 82.3 ± 2.7, where all quantities are in kcal/mol at 300 K. The resonance stabilization energies of the 1,3-dimethylpropargyl and 1,1,3-trimethylpropargyl radicals are 7.7 ± 2.9 and 9.7 ± 2.9 kcal/mol at 300 K. Comparison with results obtained previously for other propargylic radicals indicates that methyl substituents on both the radical center and the terminal carbon atom have little effect on the propargyl resonance energy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent a factor in thermal unimolecular reactions II. Exponential dependence (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is assumed that A∞ in the limiting high-pressure unimolecular rate constant expression k∞ = A∞ exp(-Ea∞/kT) is given by A∞ = A″∞eBkT. The test case is the decomposition butane → 2 ethyl, where a negative B reproduces the temperature dependence of A∞ about as well as the previously considered power law A∞ = A′∞(kT)n. It is shown that the term eBkT modifies significantly the high-temperature falloff of the general-pressure rate constant kuni and its various derivatives, and admits of a fairly simple interpretation in terms of Benson's restricted rotor theory. On physical grounds, the exponential law appears more reasonable than the power law.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130307
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary announcement (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 323-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130312
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From energy profiles to structure-reactivity correlations (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 333-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Models for the energy profile along the reaction coordinate are utilized to determine the barrier's height and location as a function of ΔG. These form the basis for structure-reactivity correlations and afford a unified formulation for various postulates in the field of physical organic chemistry. Current experimental evidence is examined for the resulting correlations, and some of their applications as an aid to the chemical kineticist are presented.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130403
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrolysis of phosphoranes in aqueous dioxanePresented at the International Conference on Reactions in Solution, Canterbury, England, July 8-13, 1979 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The entropy of activation for the hydrolysis of pentaphenoxyphosphorane in 25% aqueous dioxane is -188 J/mol deg. The enthalpy of activation is 22.5 kJ/mol, which is small for the relatively slow reaction. This suggests that the reaction is a multistep process having a preliminary equilibrium with a negative heat of reaction. This conclusion is supported by the results obtained for the hydrolysis of C6H5[OCH(CF3)2]2. A kinetic isotope effect kH2O/kD2O of 3.46 was found for the latter reaction. Orders in water were obtained, and a mechanism of hydrolysis is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130407
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persulfate and perphosphate oxidation of 2-propanol: A relative rate study (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A competitive reaction study for two isoelectronic peroxides (peroxodisulfate S2O82- and peroxodiphosphate P2O84-) interacting with the free radical ·Clpar;CH3)2OH is described. The radical formation is initiated by photolysis, the amounts of peroxide remaining analyzed volumetrically. It is found that persulfate reacts with the organic radical over 100 times more rapidly than does perphosphate. Mechanistic consequences in relation to previous work are briefly discussed.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate constants for the reaction of tert-butyl radicals with chloroform in solution (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 527-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The decay of photochemically generated tert-butyl radicals in methylcyclopentane solutions containing chloroform is studied by time-resolved ESR spectroscopy. In the pure solvent it perfectly follows the second-order rate law for radical self-termination. Increasing chloroform concentrations cause increasing admixture of a pseudo-first-order decay from which the rate constant of the title reaction is obtained. For 273 K ≦ T ≦ 323 K, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm log}\,{\rm k(}M^{{\rm - 1}}\sec ^{ - 1}) = (8.41 \pm 0.14) - \frac{{8.12 \pm 0.18}}{\theta } $$\end{document} where θ = 2.303RT kcal/mol. CIDNP studies of the reaction mechanism and NMR product yields show H and Cl abstractions to occur with the temperature-independent ratio kH/kCl = 1.4 ± 0.1. The results point to polar effects in the transfer reactions of tert-butyl. The potential of time-resolved ESR spectroscopy in studies of first- and pseudo-first-order reaction rates is discussed.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130701
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared photochemistry of cyclobutyl chloride (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 615-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The decomposition of cyclobutyl chloride following multiple infraredphoton excitation has been investigated. The primary photolysis products are butadiene, from elimination of HCl, and ethylene and vinyl chloride, fromring scission. The vinyl chloride undergoes secondary decomposition to acetylene and HCl. In addition to these products, known from thermal VLPP experiments, we also find 1-butene, which may arise from a higher energy C—Cl homolysis channel. Collisions with either reactant molecules oradded buffer gas lead to cooling of the laser-produced vibrational energy distributions. The average amount of energy removed per collision is 15-20 kcal/mol for self-collisions and 2-4 kcal/mol with argon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130703
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rate of reaction of methyl radicals with ozone (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 667-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absolute rate constant for the reaction of methyl radicals with ozone has been measured as a function of temperature. Small concentrations of CH3 were generated by flash photolyzing CH3NO2 at 193 nm with an ArF laser. A photoionization mass spectrometer was used to follow the rate of decay of CH3 at various ozone concentrations. The resulting rate constants could be fit by the expressions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_1 = (5.4 \pm 1.5) \times 10^{ - 12} \exp [(- 216 \pm 80)/T]{\rm cm}^3 /{\rm molec}\,{\rm s} $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_1 = (2.6 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{ - 12} {\rm (T/300)}^{{\rm 0}{\rm .71} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .34}} {\rm cm}^3 /{\rm molec}\,{\rm s} $$\end{document} over the temperature range of 243-384 K. These rate constants can be modeled by simple transition state theory using reasonable parameters for the activated complex. Use of this rate constant shows that less than 1% of the methyl radicals formed in the stratosphere react with ozone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 693-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130709
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The √t law in solid-phase reactions. Analysis of the hypothesis on rate constant distribution (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 707-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction C2H5 + O2 → C2H5O2 in glassy methanol-d4 and the H-atom abstraction by CH3, C2H5, and n-C4H9 radicals in C2H5OH + C2D5OH and CD3CH2OH + C2D5OH glassy mixtures have been studied by electron spin resonance. The analysis of the dependence of the reaction rates on the concentration of O2 (oxidation) and C2H5OH, CD3CH2OH (H-atom abstraction) has shown that the √t law is not conditioned by the existence of regions characterized by different rate constants.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130803
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130901
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of hydrogen atoms with diethyldisulfide and ethylmethyldisulfide (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 799-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: H atoms react with C2H5SSC2H5 to give C2H5SH as the sole retrievable product with φ = 2.32 at 25°C and 2.84 at 145°C. The primary reaction is postulated to be H + C2H5SSC2H5 ← C2H5SH + C2H5S with k1 = (4.73 ± 0.64) × 1013 exp [-(1710 ± 69)/RT] cm3/mol·s relative to the rate constant of the H + C2H4 ← C2H5 reaction. The high value of the entropy of activation suggests the presence of partial hydrogen bonding in diethyldisulfide which is broken in the transition state.Ethylmethyldisulfide reacts similarly: H + C2H5SSCH3 ← C2H5SH + CH3S or CH3SH + C2H5S. The thiyl radicals propagate a chain of radical exchange reactions forming the symmetrical disulfides with exposure-time-dependent quantum yields. The overall kinetics conform to a 16-step mechanism from which the rate constants of the elementary reactions could be established by computer modeling. Thiyl radicals react considerably more slowly with disulfides than H atoms.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of the fluorobromocarbene radical studied by laser-induced fluorescence (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 873-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CFBr radicals produced by the reaction of atomic oxygen with F2CCFBr were monitored in a discharge flow system by fluorescence excited at 424 nm. The rate coefficients for reactions of the CFBr radicals were measured between 298 and 358 K, and the following values were obtained in units of cm3/molec·s: O2 〈 2 × 10-16 at 353 K; NO 〈 10-14 at 298 K; F2CCFBr 〈 10-15 at 298 K; Cl2 (1.9 ± 0.6) × 10-12 exp(-762 ± 92/T) Br2 (1.4 ± 0.3) × 10-12 exp(-533 ± 62/T).
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the frequency factor in electron transfer reactions and its role in the highly exothermic regime (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 865-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Consideration of current information on the dependence of the electron transfer rate on the radial separation distance and on the reactants′ radial distribution function suggests for adiabatic transfers a frequency factor closer to 1012M-1 s-1 than to 1011M-1 s-1. One effect is to raise the λ values estimated from self-exchange rate constants, and to extend thereby the range of ΔG°'s in which the “inverted region′” is masked by a diffusion-controlled reaction rate.
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130201
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of brownian diffusion on chemical kinetics (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 125-133 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method of theoretical prediction of the kinetic rate constants of fast chemical reactions in solutions is presented. It takes into account the effect of finite diffusive displacements of the reacting molecules. The approach is based on the solution of the steady-state Fokker-Planck equation by the moments method of Grad developed in the theory of coagulation of aerosol particles. A comparison of the predicted rate constants with the experimental data provided by Schuh and Fischer for the self-reaction of tert-butyl radicals in n-alkanes shows a good correspondence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130204
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the prediction of reaction rates by simple correlations (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130310
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    The rate constant for t-C4H9 → H + i-C4H8 and the thermodynamic parameters of t-C4H9 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of the reverse reaction of the system has been measured in the range of 584-604 K from a study of the azomethane sensitized pyrolysis of isobutane. Assuming the published value for the rate constant of recombination of t-butyl we obtain \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log k_{{\rm - 1}} (\sec ^{- 1}) = 14.67 - 39.4\,{\rm kcal}/{\rm mol}/(2.3{\rm RT}) $$\end{document} Combination with our published data for k1 permits the evaluation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log K_1 ({\rm atm}^{ - 1}) = 7.94\,\,{\rm at}\,\,600{\rm K} $$\end{document}We have modified a previously published structural model of t-butyl by the inclusion of a barrier to free rotation of the methyl groups in order to calculate values of the entropy and enthalpy of t-butyl as a function of temperature. Using standard data for H and for i-C4H8 we obtain \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta H_ f^\circ(t - {\rm butyl},\,300\,{\rm K})({\rm kcal}/{\rm mol}) = 10.6 \pm 0.5 $$\end{document}We have obtained other, independent values of this quantity by a reworking of published data using our new calculations of the entropy and enthalpy of t-butyl. There is substantial agreement between the different values with one exception, namely, that derived from published data on the equilibrium \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ i - {\rm C}_{\rm 4} {\rm H}_{{\rm 10}} + {\rm I}\rightleftharpoons t{-} {\rm C}_4 {\rm H}_9 + {\rm HI} $$\end{document} which is significantly lower than the other values.We conclude that the value \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta H_ f^\circ(t - {\rm butyl},\,300\,{\rm K})({\rm kcal}/{\rm mol}) = 10.5 \pm 1.0 $$\end{document}obtained from the present work and a reworking of published data which involves the use of experimental data on t-butyl recombination is incompatible with the result based on iodination data.
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    The pyrolysis kinetics of 4-chloro-2-butanone in the gas phase (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 403-410 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rates of pyrolysis of 4-chloro-2-butanone in the gas phase have been determined in a static system seasoned with the products of decomposition of allyl bromide. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen chloride. Under maximum catalysis of HCl, the kinetics were found to be of order 1.5 in the substrate suggesting that a complex elimination is involved. The reaction, when maximally inhibited with propene, appears to undergo a unimolecular elimination and follows a first-order law kinetics. The products are methylvinyl ketone and hydrogen chloride. The kinetics have been measured over the temperature range of 402.0-424.4°C.The rate coefficients are given by the Arrhenius equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \log k_1 (\sec ^{ - 1}) = (13.67 \pm 0.69) - (225.2 \pm 8.6)\,{\rm kj}/{\rm mol}/2.303RT\angle $\end{document}. Thepyrolysis of 4-chloro-2-butanone is 31 times greater in rate than that of ethyl chloride at 440°C. This large difference in rate may be attributed to the -M effect of the acetyl substituent in the pyrolysis of the former halo compound.
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase pyrolysis of neopentyl bromide (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 7-21 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of gaseous neopentyl bromide to 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene, and hydrogen bromide was studied under conditions of maximal inhibition by cyclohexene over the temperature range of 389-444°C. This reaction was shown to beconsistent with a first-order homogeneous molecular process, with Arrhenius parameters of E = 247 ± 5 kJ/mol and log A (sec-1) = 14.2 ± 0.3. Examination of the uninhibited reaction showed it to be a radical process, simpler than that with neopentyl chloride, there being only one propagation step, thedissociation of the γ-radical to 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane and a bromine atom.
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  • 43
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    The reaction of atomic oxygen O(3P) with propane (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 69-84 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of O(3P) atoms with propanehas been studied at temperatures near 300 K by using a discharge flow system. Oxygen atoms were generated in the absence of molecular oxygen by the reaction N + NO → N2 + O, nitrogen atoms having been generated in a microwave discharge. Rate constants for the reaction were measured in two ways, either by measurement of O-atom decay in the presence of excess propane or by measuring the change in propane concentration after an appropriate time in the presence of an excess of oxygen atoms. The two methods were in good agreement, and the mean rate constant at 306 K is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_1 = (4.7 \pm 0.8) \times 10^6 {\rm dm}^3 /{\rm mol}\;\sec $$\end{document} A study of the products of the reaction under conditions corresponding to complete removal of oxygen atoms has shown that an important product of the reaction in the early stages is propene. This is difficult to explain interms of a mechanism involving alkoxy radicals similar to that which has been proposed for some other O(3P)-hydrocarbon reactions. An alternative mechanism is proposed in terms of successive hydrogen abstraction reactions.
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Reactivity of amines toward tert-butoxy radicals: Effect of solvent and amine structure (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactivity of amines towards tert-butoxy radicals depends upon the amine ionization potential and the solvent, indicating that polar structures contribute to the reactivity of these compounds. Nevertheless, the dependence with the amine potential is smaller than the one obtained for the quenching of carbonyl excited states by amines and other factors as the strength of the broken hydrogen bond and steric hindrance are also significant in determining the rate of the process.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130203
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Thermal reactions of ethane-d6-acetylene and D2-acetylene mixtures behind shock waves (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 741-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the thermal decomposition of an acetylene-ethane-d6 mixture indicates that the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction from acetylene by methyl is more than 20 times less than for abstraction from ethane. Isotopic exchange is initiated by a rapid reaction between product D atoms and C2H2. A series of experiments involving the reactions of a D2-acetylene mixture indicated that a molecular exchange process was also occurring, and it was shown that d[C2HD]/dt = k[D2]0.7[C2H2]0.3, effective activation energy = 15.8 kcal/mol. This mechanism made an insignificant contribution to isotope exchange in C2H2-C2D6 mixtures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130806
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonisothermal decomposition of methyl nitrate: Anomalous reaction order and activation energies and their correction (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 817-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl nitrate decomposition is accompanied by self-heating. Using very fine thermocouples, direct measurements of excess temperatures have been made to establish the intensity and extent of self-heating in nonisothermal reaction. The measurements are displayed as contourlines of equal degrees of temperature excess on the pressure-temperature ignition diagram.A twofold kinetic investigation has been made of the overall reaction. One part concentrates on achieving isothermal conditions and full characterization of intermediate products. It uses mass-spectrometric analyses both to establish stoichiometry throughout decomposition and to validate velocity constant measurements derived from continuous pressure-time records. The best value for E = 151 ± 3 kJ/mol is about 10 kJ/mol less than previously.The other part deliberately invades the nonisothermal region to test the qualitative and quantitative predictions of theory (1) that uncorrected reaction orders and activation energies will exceed their isothermal values, (2) that their relative excess (δn/n, δE/E) will be about the same, and (3) that they will be dependent in a simple and predictable way on the reduced excess central temperature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130906
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  • 47
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    Editor's note (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 785-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130902
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  • 48
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    Professor Keith J. Laidler (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 787-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130903
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrhenius parameters for the alkoxy radical decomposition reactions (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 833-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arrhenius parameters for the decomposition reactions of various alkoxy radicals are evaluated. The recommended values for tert-butoxy radical decomposition reaction are log A (s-1) = 14.1, Ea = 15.3 kcal/mol. The parameters give reasonably self-consistent results with related rate constants, product distributions of hydrocarbon oxidation reactions, and the values reported in different laboratories in different environments.A reworking of data by Batt et al. on RO + NO and RO + NO2 leads to a lowering of his A factors for these reactions by a factor of 5. It also leads to a similar lowering of the A factors for RO decompositions. The intrinsic activation energies E for the addition of alkyl radicals R to the carbonyl group are not only found to be a function of the exothermicity of reaction, but they are also dependent on the nucleophilicity of the alkyl radicals. For each radical R (Me, Et, i-Pr) the data can be fit to an Evans-Polanyi plot E = a + b (δH), where a uniform slope b = 0.58 can be found for all R. The intercepts a are then found to decrease nearly linearly with the decreasing ionization potential of R, namely, a = 2.1 [IP] - 6.2 (kcal/mol), with the ionization potential given in electron volts.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550130907
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
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    Bioconversion of cellulose wastes to protein and sugarPaper given at the 2nd Symposium of Socialist Countries on Biotechnology, Leipzig 2.-5. 12. 1980 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A schematic representation of the variety of products which can be obtained by microbial conversion of cellulose is presented.Alkaline pre-treatment has been used after milling in all the experiments. Solka-floc or sugarcane bagasse was used as sources of cellulose. A cellulolytic strain of Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 30514) was cultivated in batch-, fed batch and continuous culture up to 7 liter stirred tank fermenter. The general growth characteristics were determined by growing on glucose. Results of experiments on the growth of A. terreus for production of biomass on Solka-floc or Sugarcane bagasse are given, also the ability of crude cellulases to produce sugar syrups by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose has been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010408
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  • 51
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    The renaissance of biotechnology: Man, microbe, biomass and industry (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 207-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010302
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  • 52
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    Untersuchungen zur Mischung in einem 500 m3-Rührfermentor-System bei der mikrobiellen Biomasse-Synthese unter Einsatz einer Erdöl-destillat-Fraktion (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 247-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examination show how far the stirred tank fermenter meets the requirements of multi-phase systems under conditions of microbiological protein synthesis. 1The homogeneity attained by mixing of 4-phase-fermentation medium will be influenced by different amounts of material flow of the correspondent process conditions.2Limitation of nitrogen and solved nutrient - and trace salts in culture liquid by unsatisfactorily mixing can be excluded. The solute-oxygen concentration and homogeneous distribution of solute-oxygen in the culture liquid are influencing the economy of fermentation.3The homogeneity concerning petroleum distillate-, biomass-and air distribution highly depends from biomass content of the fermentation medium.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010303
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  • 53
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    Untersuchungen zur chemischen Zusammensetzung der Lipidfraktion von Lodderomyces elongisporus EH 15 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipids were extracted from the cells of Lodderomyces elongisporus EH 15 grown on gas oil (Bp. 240 to 360 °C) with benzine/alcohol (80:20). The lipid-hydrocarbon-fraction obtained by this extraction method was 18.5%. It was composed of hydrocarbons, phospholipids, fatty acids, glycerides, sterols, ubiquinones, and vitamines. The main components among the lipids were phospholipids. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid, sterol, and ubiquinone fractions were analysed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010306
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  • 54
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    Die Technologie von mikrobiellen Eiweißpräparaten, Aminosäuren und Fetten. Verlag Lebensmittelindustrie, Moskau, 1980. 448 Seiten, 119 Abbildungen, 55 Tabellen, 32 Empfehlungen auf sowjetische Fachliteratur (in russischer Sprache) (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 376-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010410
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  • 55
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    Spezielle Anwendungsmöglichkeiten mikrobieller ProteasenVortrag gehalten anläßlich des 2. Symposiums der sozialistischen Länder über Biotechnologie, Leipzig 2.-5. 12. 1980 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the most important properties and fields of application of microbial proteinases are presented. Special possibilities of an industrial utilization of these enzymes are discussed: in the photographic industry for the production and degradation of gelatin as well as for silverless photography, in the food industry for the improvement of the functional properties of proteins as well as for increasing their nutritive value, in organic synthesis for the production of peptides, and in sewage treatment plants for the stabilization of sludge.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010411
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  • 56
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    Enzym-Muster Methanol assimilierender Hefen in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlenstoff-SubstratPoster anläßlich des 2. Symposiums der sozialistischen Länder über Biotechnologie, Leipzig 2.-5. 12. 1980 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 387-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the carbon substrates glucose and methanol on enzyme activities of the yeast Candida methylica was investigated by substrate-shift experiments in discontinuous cultivation. Growth on glucose results in a repression of the enzymes necessary for methanol utilization. After depletion of glucose or addition of methanol these enzymes are derepressed or induced, respectively. Changes in the activity of enzymes of the intermediary metabolism turn out differently both in intensity and direction as a result of substrate-shifts. The results suggest a basic change in the metabolism by growing Candida methylica in glucose or methanol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010412
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  • 57
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    Russian Article pp. 191-195 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract in Russian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010214
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  • 58
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    Patent reports (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010217
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  • 59
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    Kultivierung von Mikroorganismen - Grundlagen des Bioingenieurwesens. Moskau, Verlag Lebensmittelindustrie, 1980(russ.). 231 Seiten, 25 Tabellen, 51 Abbildungen, 83 Literaturangaben (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 200-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010216
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  • 60
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    Energetic and carbon metabolism regulation in lysine producing brevibacterium flavum strainsPaper given at the 2nd Symposium of Socialist Countries on Biotechnology, Leipzig 2.-5. 12. 1980 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Coordinated regulation of carbon and energetic metabolism enzymes is characteristic of lysine producing strains of Brevibacterium flavum. ATP is the regulating effector and changes in the stationary ATP-concentration in cells cause certain alternations of enzyme activities in the basic metabolism pathways. The goal of the experiments was the use of the biochemical regulations of methabolism in order to increase the productivity of lysine biosynthesis.Following results were received: Activation of TCA-cycle enzymes is compulsory for intensive lysine biosynthesis.The most essential of several parallel electron transport pathways in the ETC of Br. flavum is the NADH dependent, cyanid resistant, hydroxamate sensitive oxydation pathway.Calculations have shown, that the most economical variant is the synthesis of oxalacetate (precursor of lysine) by PEP carboxylation. Therefore strains with elevated PEP-carboxylase activity synthesize lysine in a more economical way.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010409
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  • 61
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    Rezension (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 391-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstrct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010413
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  • 62
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    Inhibierung der Entwicklung von Bakteriophagen in Fermentationsprozessen durch Zusatz von Kohlenwasserstoffen (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The propagation of the virulent phage M 1 of the obligate methylotrophic bacteria strain GB 4 is inhibited by n-alkanes. The addition of hydrocarbons (7.5-22.5%) to a suspension of free phages or to a phage-host-mixture prevents the propagation of the phages, but does not influence the growth rate of the host bacteria. In a laboratory fermentor a simulated strong infection (multiplicity = 0.1) of the strain GB 4 with its phage M 1 could be suppressed by the application of 20% of a technical hydrocarbon mixture (Parex I).The inhibitory effect of the hydrocarbons can be traced back to inspecific hydrocarbon-protein-interactions at the surface of the phage and the host cells and therewith to an influencing of the adsorption.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010205
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    Wall growth in laboratory fermenters (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of microorganisms growing on the walls of laboratory fermenters was investigated and a model to describe of microbial lysis and the formation of growth inhibitory products in a continuous fermentation process was developed.The predictions were compared with results from an earlier model for growth of microorganisms on surfaces.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010206
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  • 64
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    Das Autoselect-System - ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. V. Achtfach-Pipettierautomat (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 296-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automatic eightfold-pipetter has been developed with the same basic unit as the diluter of the Autoselect-system. The pipetter is fitted with eight pipettes on a bridge over the basic unit. By means of the pipettes a volume of 0.05 ml from eight tubes is exhauseted and delivered in the holes of a test plate. Both the test plate and a cassette with 64 tubes are located on a moving carriage. the test plate on the first floor and the cassette on the ground floor. If the pipettes transfer the samples from the tubes to the holes the distance between the pipettes must be changed by a special device from 20 to 30 mm, because the distance between the holes on the test plate differs from that of the tubes.For the transfer of 64 samples 2 minutes only are needed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010309
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  • 65
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    Patent reports (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 304-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010311
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  • 66
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    Masthead (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010401
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  • 67
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    Cultivation of microorganismus. Moscow, Food Industry, 1980, (russ.) 232 pages (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 326-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010403
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  • 68
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    Modellierung biochemischer reaktoren. Lesnaja Promyshlenost, Moskau 1979(russ.). 342 S., 125 Abbildungen und 19 Tafeln, Leinen, 3,60 Rbl (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 338-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010405
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  • 69
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    Bioconversion of lipophilic compounds by immobilized microbial cells in organic solvents (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial cells were gel-entrapped with photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers or urethane prepolymers, respectively. The resulting gels have different tailor-made hydrophobic or hydrophilic character. They were used for successful bioconversion of hydrophobic steroids and terpenoids in watersaturated mixtures of organic solvents. The experiments show the influence of the hydrophobicity of the gels and the polarity of the solvent mixtures, respectively. Use of hydrophobic gels and less polar solvents is preferable for bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds. The selective formation of a desired product among diverse products from a single substrate by appropriate use of hydrophobic or hydrophilic gels is possible. In each case, tests should be made to select the appropriate gel and solvent mixture. Bioconversions tested are: dehydroepiandrosterone to 4-androstene-3,17-dione; cholesterol to cholestenone; β-sitosterol to β-sitostenone; stigmasterol to stigmastenone; pregnenolone to progesterone; testosterone to Δ1-dehydrotestosterone or 4-androstene-3,17-dione, respectively; all with immobilized cells of Nocardia rhodocrous; and stereoselective hydrolysis of dl-menthyl-succinate to yield l-menthol with immobilized cells of Rhodotorula minuta var. texensis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010406
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  • 70
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    Das Autoselect-System - ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. VI. Achtfach-Stanzautomat (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 300-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An eightfold punch belonging to the Aùtoselect-system is described. It is provided for the preparation of bioassay plates. From the agar of large quadratic test plates moving automatically on a carriage of the machine, 64 holes are made by eight punches. The punches arranged in a row over the test plate are lowered, if the carriage stops, and so they cut out and exhaust agar discs in a pattern of 8 × 8.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010310
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  • 71
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    GIAM proceedings, vol. 5: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Global Impacts of Applied Microbiology held in Bangkok, Thailand, November 21-26, 1977. Ed. by P. MATANGKASOMBUT M. SUNDHAGUL; T. FLEGEL Bangkok, 1979 (600 pages) (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 308-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010312
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    Verfahrenstechnische Grundlagen der Reaktorgestaltung (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 311-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Starting with the definition of the process term kLa, steady state and nonsteady state measuring methods are described for its determination. Then the sorption characteristics for mixing vessels and for bubble columns are presented with respect to the coalescence behaviour of the system treated. They permit the scale-up of these devices and the optimization of their process parameters for a required oxygen uptake. In addition to the sorption characteristics for the given system the knowledge of the flooding point and the power characteristics is necessary for the lay-out of mixing vessels, whereas in the case of bubble columns the gas hold-up characteristic needs to be known.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010402
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    Masthead (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010101
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  • 74
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    Study of direct oxygen transfer in a submerged culture (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf der Basis der Flotationstheorie der festen Partikel wurde in der Submerskultur der Mechanismus des direkten Sauerstoffübergangs in die Zelle unter den Bedingungen gegenseitiger Beeinflussung des Mikroorganismus mit der gasförmigen und der flüssigen Phase quantifiziert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010102
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  • 75
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    Zur Struktur von Bakteriophagen aus enzymproduzierenden Bacillus-Kulturen (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aus Fermentationen mit Bacillus subtilis, die zum Zwecke der Synthese extrazellulä rer Enzyme angesetzt wurden, konnten verschiedentlich Bakteriophagen isoliert werden. Die auf Grund der Wirtsbereiche differierenden Einzelplaqueisolate wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Partikel waren sehr verschieden in der Größe und in der morphologischen Struktur. Sie gehörten damit verschiedenen Gruppen von Bacillus-Phagen an, die durch die Standardphagen SPO1, Ø29 und PBS1 reprä sentiert werden. Außerdem wurde ein Phage mit einem oktaedrischen Kopf gefunden. Aus einem enzymbildenden Bacillus-Stamm konnten nach Infektion mit dem PBS1-ä hnlichen Phagen PZ-F Ghosts mit oktaedrischen Köpfen sowie nach Induktion mit Mitomycin C komplette und defektive Phagen freigesetzt werden.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010104
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  • 76
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    Paraffinübergang aus der Kohlenwasserstoffphase zur Hefezelle (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The capability of the yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus to utilize solved paraffins in fermentation brothes could be demonstrated. The growth rate of this microorganism in the case of utilization of solved paraffins is higher as the most known dates.The saturated concentrations of solved hydrocarbons in the fermentation brothes are higher as in real solvent systems.The part of the solved hydrocarbon is a function of the power input, the diameter of oil drops, the fermentation conditions and the length of the paraffin chain.The organism growth rate depends on the solved paraffin concentration in the fermentation broth. This fact is one of the reasons for the variability of the consumption coefficients by utilization of paraffins with different chain lenghts.The results confirm the assumption that the transport of the paraffins from the oil drops to the cells takes place over water soluble phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010103
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  • 77
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    Production of xylanase by streptomyees xylophagus nov. sp. (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Xylanaseproduktion durch Streptomyces xylophagus nov. sp. wurde im Schü ttelkolben und in einem 14-Liter-Laborfermentor in diskontinuierlicher und in kontinuierlicher Kultur untersucht. Die maximale Enzymausbeute wurde auf 1%igem handelsü blichen Xylanmedium bei 30°C durch 7,5%ige ü berimpfung einer 5 Tage alten Xylankultur erreicht, wobei dem Medium im Schü ttelkolben 0,8% und dem Submersfermentor 0,3% Bactopepton zugestzt wurden. Die maximale Xylanaseproduktion wurde bei pH 7,4 erreicht. Eine Hitzbehandlung bis zu 200°C wirkte sich nicht hemmend auf die Xylanaseproduktion aus.Die Gleichgewichtsparameter fü r die Zellmasse, lösliches Protein und die Xylanaseaktivitä t wurden in Abhä ngigkeit der Verdü nnungsraten von 0,02 bis 0,04 h+1 bestimmt, wobei Xylan (wood gum xylan) als Kohlenstoffquelle diente. Die maximale Enzymaktivitä t und Produktivitä t von 7,2 X.U. (1 xylanase unit, X.U. ≙ 1 mg reduzierter Zucker, der aus 1 ml Enzym in 15 Minuten bei 50°C gebildet wird) und 0,194 X.U./h wurden bei einer Verdü nnungsrate von 0,027 h+1 beobachtet.Die maximale Zellkonzentration und Produktivitä t von 7,2 g/l und 0,245 g/lh wurden bei einer Verdü nnungsrate von 0,34 h+1 beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010105
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  • 78
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    The microbiology of ‘Oyokpo’, a traditionally fermented millet beer in Bendel State of Nigeria (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die bei der Herstellung von OYOKPO, einem in der Bendel-Region von Nigeria traditionell auf Hirse-Basis gewonnenem Bier, wirkenden Mikroorganismen wurden untersucht.Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwei Phasen der Einwirkung unterschiedlicher Mikroorganismen.Fü r die saccharolytischen Aktivitä ten beim Mä lzprozeβ sind die aus den gelagerten Hirsekörnern stammenden Mikroorganismen (im Zusammenwirken mit der pflanzlichen Amylase des Hirsemalzes) verantwortlich. Sie werden wahrscheinlich beim Erhitzungsprozeß abgetötet.Die im fermentierten Produkt gefundenen Mikroorganismen stammen aus der fü r die Fermentation eingesetzten Starterkultur; sie vergä ren die niederen Zucker zu Alkohol.Schimmelpilze treten nach der Fermentation nicht mehr auf; Hefen sind wä hrend des Mä lzprozesses nicht zu finden mit Ausnahme von Saccharomyces cervisiae, sie erscheinen jedoch wä hrend der Fermentation. Veschiedene Bakterienarten sind in allen Stadien anzutreffen, so beim Mä lzen, Maischen und bei der Reifung. (Acetobacter wurde bis zu Beginn der Reifung nicht nachgewiesen.) Der pH-Wert sinkt von Beginn der Fermentation (5,2) bis zum Ende auf 3,8. Der am Ende erhaltene Sä urewert entspricht 0,43% (als Essigsä ure titriert).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010106
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  • 79
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    Mathematische Grundlagen der Kinetik der autokatalytischen Reaktion des wachstumsverbundenen Substratabbaues (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf der Grundlage von hydrodynamischen und reaktionstechnischen Voraussetzungen wird ein dreiphasiges Stoffsystem mit mikrobieller Reaktion auf quasi-homogene Modelle zurü ckgefü hrt. Mit Hilfe der Michaelis-Menten-Kinetik werden Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen fü r die auto katalytische Reaktion des wachstumsverbundenen Substratabbaues hergeleitet, die sich bis auf die Monod-Kinetik zurü hren lassen. Es wird bewiesen, daß die Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen der mikrobiellen Katalyse denen der heterogenen Gaskatalyse analog sind.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010107
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  • 80
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    Effect of trace elements and vitamins on the growth of Methanosarcina barkeri (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of Methanosarcina barkeri on methanol as energy source was found to be dependent on cobalt and molybdenum. In the presence of 10-6 M Co and 5 × 10-7M Mo optimal growth occurred. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that nickel and selenium each in a concentration of 10-7 M stimulated the growth of this methanogenic bacterium while the following elements tested in the range of 10-7 M to 10-3 had no influence: B, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb. The requirement of Co and Ni for optimal growth are in accordance with the results that the cells contain the Co containing corrinoid Factor III (0.1 - 0.2 mg 5-hydroxylbenzimidazolylcyanocobamide per g wet cells) and Factor F430, a nickel component. Studies on the vitamin dependency of M. barkeri showed that this strain needs only the vitamin riboflavin for the growth in a defined medium. Under these conditions a cell density of 2.6 g dry cells/l could be obtained in a fed batch culture.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010108
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  • 81
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    Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse bei der wissenschaftlich-technischen Prognostizierung auf dem Gebiet der Biotechnologie (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010109
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  • 82
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    Immobilisierung mikrobieller Zellen und deren Nutzung zur Substratwandlung  -  Eine Literaturstudie (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 73-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review is given of most of the literature concerning the immobilization of whole microbial cells and their testing for application in product synthesis. The review includes a discussion of adventages and disadventages of immobilized cells, methods of immobilization, pretreatments, aftertreatments, operation, recent developments, and other problems together with a table of the immobilized microbes and the tested reactions of product synthesis, with 350 references.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010110
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  • 83
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    „Methoden der technischen Mikrobiologie“. Prag 1978, Verlag für technische Literatur (Tschech.). 328 Seiten, 174 Abbildungen, 38 Tabellen (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 103-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010111
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  • 84
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    Masthead (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010201
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  • 85
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    Rheologie von Fermentationslösungen (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rheological measurements can give interesting informations for the characterization of fermentation broth, especially concerning the depending of the oxygen transfer rate. Rheological measurements can report decisions for choosing the best reactor type or other process steps e.g. purification and separation.An advantageous method was used by the combination of a dynamic process-viscosimeter with the fermenter and the continuous measurement of medium density by X-ray absorption method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010202
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  • 86
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    Bestimmung des geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schrittes bei heterogen-katalytischer Reaktion im hochdispersen Substrat-Mikroorganismus-System (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of the rate-limiting step of heterogeneous catalytic reactions is explained. For microbiological catalysies in a highdispersial system the partial steps of substance transfer from macroscpace up to the biochemical reaction in the cell (microspace) are generally described and formulated. By means of statistical modells based on the theory of the isotope turbulence the numeric interpretation for the investigation of rate-limiting step at the fermentation and ripening of beer in bioreactors with enforced turbulence takes place. The rate-limiting step is the biochemical reaction of the extract degradation, that means kR·tH ≪ 1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010203
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  • 87
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    Bestimmung der Methanol-Konzentration im stationären Zustand mit einer biologischen Methode (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 127-130 
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    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: On the base of measuring the respiration rate (HARRISON) a biological measuring method for determination of methanol concentration in stationary range was worked out. The method allows the determination of methanol concentrations up to 0.3 mg l-1 and is applicable for such cases, when microorganisms consume this substrate quickly (within a few minutes). If the methanol concentration in stationary range is known, it is possible to calculate the kinetic constants of the system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010204
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  • 88
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    Einfluß extracellulärer Konzentrationen auf die spezifische Wachstumsrate von Mikroorganismen (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 145-151 
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    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of extracellular concentrations of hydrogen ion and C-substrates on the specific growth rate of different microorganisms is investigated.A general relationship in the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mu {\rm } = {\rm }\mu _{\max } {\rm } - {\rm }K_2 \left( {c_i } \right)^{K_1 }$$ \end{document} can be used to describe the inhibition effect of HPlus;- or substrate concentration (ci) on the growth rate. Different examples are demonstrated and the adequate specific constants K1 and K2 calculated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010207
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  • 89
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    Improved brewing of millet beer - (OYOKPO) and production of single cell proteins from the spent grain (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The improved method for preparing Oyokpo a Nigerian fermented beverage from millet, and the preparation of single cell proteins from the spent grain is described. Improvement of the brew was made by controlled malting, mashing and brewing with a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It had a reducing sugar content of 19.73 g/100 ml before fermentation and after fermentation 5.56% alcohol, 0.58 g/100 ml titratable acidity as acetic acid, a final pH of 4.2 and consisted of a yellowish clear liquid, slightly sour. The native brew had a reducing sugar content of 7.37 g/100 ml before fermentation and after fermentation, 2.40% alcohol, 0.43 g/100 ml titratable acidity, a final pH of 3.8 and consisted of a creamy yellowish liquid with a very sour taste. Fermented spent grain gave a higher protein yield compared to unfermented or ground millet. The lipids, proteins and crude fibre were 4.94%, 11.20% and 4.33% respectively for ground millet, 12,79%, 23.77% and 19.46% respectively for unfermented spent grain and 19.61%, 47.28% and 32.09% respectively for fermented spent grain. The high protein and fibre content of the fermented spent grain points to its potential as a feed supplement for ruminants.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010208
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  • 90
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    Russian Article pp. 161-156 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 161-165 
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    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract in Russian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010209
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  • 91
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    Das Autoselect-System - ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. I. Methodische Grundlagen und Umfang des Systems (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The methodical principle of an automated selection system for antibiotic producers, the Autoselectsystem, consisting of six machines and a computer is explained. In order to work with this machines the following material is needed: Cassettes with 64 microculture cups for cultivation of colonies on agar, cassettes with glass-tubes for dilution of samples, and test-plates with 64 holes for performing the agar diffusion test. The cups, the tubes and holes are arranged in a pattern of 8×8. In a serie of papers the machines will be described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010210
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  • 92
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    Das Autoselect-system - ein Automatensystm zu Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. II. Agarabfüllautomat (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 175-179 
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    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An agardeliverer, one of the machines of the Autoselect-system is described. This machine allows to pour melted agar automatically into a row of 8 microculture cups of a cassette with 64 cups. By changing the agarcontainer provided for one medium against another container with 8 chambers the machine offers the possibility to deliver 1 to 8 media simultaneously. In this respect the machine gets more and more interest not only for the selection of antibiotic producers, but also for taxonomic, genetic and other studies. Sterile conditions are ensured by sterilizing the head of the machine before starting the work.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010211
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  • 93
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    Das Autoselect-System - ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. III. Ein Impfautomat zum Isolieren von Einzelkolonien (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 181-186 
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    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An inoculator enabling the isolation of colonies from petridishes onto agar-filled microcultur cups, arranged in a pattern of 8 × 8 in cassettes, is described. The transfer of the colonies takes place by turning of an inoculation cross with 4 loops. While the cross stops and lowers, one loop is sterilized, another, which has been sterilized shortly before, is being cooled in sterile water, the next one is taking off some material from a colony and the last is spreading the material on the agar of a cup. The capacity of the machine accounts about 600 colonies per hour.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010212
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    Production of cellulases during growth of Trichoderma viride on cellulose (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010213
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  • 95
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    Masthead (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010301
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß extracellulärer Kaliuminoenkonzentrationen auf die celluläre Natriumionenkonzentration von Lodderomyces elongisporus D (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 197-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It was found that the cellular Na+-concentration (CcellNa+) of Lodderomyces elongisporus D is depended on the extracellular K+-concentration (CexK+).The relationship can be described by an equation in the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$C_{{\rm cell}}^{Na + } {\rm } = {\rm const}.{\rm } - {\rm const}.{\rm } \cdot {\rm }\ln {\rm }C_{{\rm ex}}^{K + } .$$\end{document}The function of the natrium ion seem to be to support the utilisation rate of potassium ion at lower extracellular K+-concentration.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010215
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrielle mikrobiologie. Zweite, völlig neubearbeitete Auflage. Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1980 (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 268-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010304
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioreactor design fundamentals: Hydrodynamics, mass transfer, heat exchange, control and scale-up (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fundamentals of bioreactor design are the following functions: macro- and micro-mixing, mass transfer, heat exchange, bioreactor control and its scale-up. Mixing, mass transfer, heat exchange involve the determination of elementary zones of reactor, the mass transfer and the heat exchange between them and also between individual phases (liquid, gaseous, solid), including a possibility of direct gas-cell oxygen uptake. The overall description of a bioreactor is obtained by combining models of reactor hydrodynamics, mass transfer and heat exchange with a appropriate cell or population model. On the basis of hierarchical description new biological scale-up procedures (via modeling and simulation) may evolve.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010305
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Eigenschaften von an DEAE-Cellulose immobilisierter Aldehydoxydase aus Schweineleber (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aldehyde oxidase from pig liver was adsorptively bound to DEAE-cellulose. The data of immobilization and the properties of the immobilized enzyme are reported. Its maximum half-life is 36 days. The pH-optimum is displaced toward lower pH-values and independent from the substrates proved. Temperature optimum and substrate specifity, however, don't change during immobilization. Contrary to the soluble enzyme the aldehyde oxidase adsorbed to DEAE-cellulose displays a two-phase ARRHENIUS plot.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010307
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Autoselect-System - ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. IV. Achtfach-Verdünnungsautomat (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As a part of the Autoselect-system an eightfold diluter is described. Cassettes with 64 tubes are placed on the carriage of the machine and moved automatically in eight steps. One of the cassettes is loaded with separated samples in 64 tubes and the other one with 64 empty tubes. When the carriage stops, a defined volume of samples is exhausted by eight pipettes, mounted on a bridge spanning over the ground unit from left to right, and after beeing moved to the second cassette the pipettes deliver the samples into a row of empty tubes. At the same time by eight syringes mounted on both sides of the machine a defined volume of buffer is delivered through tubes and canules. By this way all samples can be diluted in two minutes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010308
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