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  • 1985-1989  (836)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1989  (836)
  • Engineering  (566)
  • Genetics  (139)
  • Life Sciences  (131)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocaine produces low dose locomotor depressant effects in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Locomotor activity ; CNS depression ; Cocaine ; Mice ; Behavior ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cocaine produces several behavioral effects, most notably locomotor stimulation. Biochemically, cocaine is known to inhibit reuptake at the three monoamine transporter sites, and may have highest affinity at the serotonin transporter. Serotonin augmentation has been associated with decreases in behavioral activity, but cocaine has not been reported to produce behavioral depressant effects except at high doses which cause stereotypy and disruption of behavior. This study examined the effects of relatively low doses of cocaine, in the range of 0.1–10 mg/kg, on locomotor activity in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. A biphasic dose-response curve was seen for both strains. At the lowest doses, activity was depressed. As the dose of cocaine increased, activity returned to baseline, and at the highest doses, increases in locomotor activity were found. DBA/2J mice were depressed at a lower dose of cocaine than were C57BL/6J mice; however, C57BL/6J mice showed locomotor depression over a broader range of doses. Activity was maximally depressed at 0.1 mg/kg for DBA/2J mice, and maximally depressed at 0.3 mg/kg for C57BL/6J mice. Thus, low doses of cocaine are shown to produce significant decreases in locomotor activity in two strains of mice. It is postulated that these low doses of cocaine which depress locomotor activity do so via inhibition of serotonin uptake, resulting in potentiation of serotonergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442799
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convulsant properties of GABA antagonists and anticonvulsant properties of ethanol in selectively bred Long- and Short-Sleep mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 544-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Bicuculline ; Picrotoxin ; Seizures ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The convulsant potency of bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, was shown to be greater in Short-Sleep (SS) mice than in Long-Sleep (LS) mice. LS mice, selectively bred for lengthy ethanol-induced narcosis, had longer latencies to myoclonus and clonus following administration of bicuculline and picrotoxin than did ethanol-resistant SS mice. SS mice were also more susceptible to pentylenetetrazol-induced myoclonus, but not clonus. F1 hybrids showed bicuculline seizure sensitivity intermediate to the two parent lines. Ethanol weakly inhibited bicuculline-induced myoclonus in both LS and SS mice. Clonus was clearly antagonized by ethanol in both lines, but to a similar degree. These data provide evidence for a GABAergic role in geno-type-dependent sensitivity to ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441957
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype-dependent effects of GABAergic agents on sedative properties of ethanol (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 518-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; GABA ; Bicuculline ; Sedation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two lines of mice, selectively bred for differential sensitivity to the soporific effects of ethanol (ETOH), were administered GABAergic drugs in an effort to evaluate a role for GABA in ETOH sensitivity. ETOH sensitive Long-Sleep mice (LS) showed potentiated ETOH sedation when administered bicuculline, muscimol and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). ETOH-insensitive SS mice exhibited reduced ETOH sedation in the presence of the antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin, and potentiated sedation in the presence of muscimol and AOAA. These changes in narcosis duration were interpreted as central effects, since blood ethanol levels at waking from ETOH sedation varied with GABAergic drug treatment. Picrotoxin antagonized pentobarbital-induced nacrosis in both lines, but to a greater extent in SS mice. These and other experiments with a genetically heterogeneous stock suggest GABA involvement in genotype-dependent ETOH sensitivity, but do not support a simple role of GABA receptor involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441952
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of ethanol effects by bicuculline: genotype-dependent responses and inheritance (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol (ETOH) ; GABA ; Bicuculline ; Sedation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic influences on the interaction between ethanol (ETOH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter systems were eveluated with a survey of responses to coadministration of ETOH and a GABA antagonist, bicuculline, in a battery of inbred mouse strains. The selectively bred ETOH-sensitive Long-Sleep (LS) mice, the relatively ETOH-resistant Short-Sleep (SS) mice, and a genetically heterogeneous stock (GHS) were also evaluated. The effect of bicuculline on ETOH-induced sedation, hypothermia, and blood ethanol content upon recovery from sedation was assessed. Inheritance of these responses was also examined using F1 hybrids. The effect of bicuculline on ETOH-produced narcosis varied widely among stocks and included antagonism, potentiation, and no effect. Changes in ETOH-induced narcosis produced by bicuculline were accompanied by changes in blood ethanol concentrations consistent with an hypothesis of altered central nervous system sensitivity to ETOH. Knowledge of a strain's seizure susceptibility to the GABA antagonist or of its sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ETOH were of no predictive value in estimating the outcome of coadministration studies, suggesting at least partially separate genetic influences on each phenotype. In cross-breeding studies there was commonly dominance toward a profile of bicuculline antagonism of ETOH narcosis but different patterns of dominance were observed for seizure susceptibility, again inicating separate genetic control. The results suggest considerable complexity of GABAergic involvement in genotype-dependent ETOH sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimising visual selection in early clonal generations of potato based on genetic and economic considerations (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 665-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Genetics ; Breeding ; Plant appearance ; Economy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In 1985, 1986 and 1987, 600 clones were visually assessed at harvest on plant appearance. The clones were harvested 80 days after planting in the first year, in the following years after approximately 80 days as well as after 145 days. The correlation coefficients between years and between harvest times were low to medium. Simulating different selection intensities using the performance of these 600 clones in two successive years, the relation between selection pressure in the first year and the retained proportion of well performing clones in the second year was described. Including the costs of testing, the most economic selection procedure was calculated. This procedure consisted in testing 1,579 first-year clones and 499 second-year clones for every 100 third-year clones required. The optimal period of the main evaluation in the second clonal year is at ware potato harvest time. This selection procedure also provides good selection possibilities for underwater weight and foliage maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262562
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population biology of two land snails (Mesomphix spp.): variation among six southern appalachian sites with differing disturbance histories (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 372-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Logging disturbance ; Land gastropods ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ecological and genetic properties of two North American terrestrial gastropods (Mesomphix spp.) were characterized in paired control and previously logged watersheds in two North Carolina forests (Coweeta and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park) of the Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve Cluster. Shell growth was greater in the control sites, but density and mortality were largely independent of prior logging history and forest reserve. Based on starch gel electrophoresis data, both species showed their highest levels of genetic diversity in the Coweeta forest, the component of the reserve cluster which had the most extensive and variable history of logging disturbance. M. subplanus also exhibited higher levels of heterozygosity in logged than in control watersheds, and M. andrewsae showed over twice as many rare alleles in disturbed sites as in control sites. F-statistic analysis depicted both excess levels of homozygosity and moderate genetic differentiation among the populations, reflecting the effects of small population size and perhaps drift and inbreeding. Estimated gene flow was relatively low. These results correspond to the recent finding by Bryant et al. (1987) and others on the effects of bottlenecks, and to the contrasting history of habitat instability of the two major study forests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384317
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic predisposition to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; insulin gene ; DQβ gene ; fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (previously known as tropical pancreatic diabetes) is a rare cause of diabetes confined to countries within the tropical belt. The aetiology of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes is thought to be environmental although the agent(s) is unknown. We have investigated a possible genetic basis of this disease by looking for restriction fragment length polymorphisms of genes implicated in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. Seventy-six Dravidian patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes were studied, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms obtained compared to racially matched control subjects (n=94), patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (n=87) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (n=58). No association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was found with restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the insulin receptor gene. Although no association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was found with polymorphism of the HLA DRα/DQα/DXα genes, an association was found with the Taq 1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the DQβ gene (DQβ T2/T6 present in 39% of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes compared to 19% in control subjects; p=0.01; corrected p value=0.04) which is similar to that found in Type 1 but not Type 2 diabetes. An association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was also found with the hypervariable region in the 5-prime flanking region of the insulin gene; 40% of patients possessed the class 3 allele compared to 9.5% of control subjects p=0.0001; corrected p value=0.0008). In Type 2 diabetes, similar results were obtained with 33% subjects possessing the class 3 allele (p value compared to control subjects=0.0005; corrected p value=0.004). This study suggests that fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes has a genetic component in its aetiology. Furthermore, its origin might be related to an individual with part of the genetic predisposition to diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) who additionally has evidence of chronic calcific pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homology and distribution of CO dehydrogenase structural genes in carboxydotrophic bacteria (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Carboxydotrophic bacteria ; Plasmids ; CO dehydrogenase subunits ; N-terminal sequences ; Oligonucleotides ; Hybridization ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 17 (S), 30 (M) and 87 kDa (L) subunits of CO dehydrogenases from the CO-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena and Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 were isolated and purified. The N-terminal sequences of same subunits from different bacteria showed distinct homologies. Dot blot hybridization employing oligonucleotide probes derived from the sequences of the S-subunit of P. carboxydovorans OM5 and the M-subunit of P. carboxydohydrogena and DNA of the plasmid-containing CO-oxidizing bacteria Alcaligenes carboxydus, Azomonas B1, P. carboxydoflava, P. carboxydovorans OM2, OM4 and OM5 indicated that all genes encoding these subunits reside on plasmids. That in P. carboxydovorans OM5 CO dehydrogenase structural genes are located entirely on plasmid pHCG3 was evident from the absence of hybridization employing DNA from the cured mutant strain OM5-12. CO dehydrogenase structural genes could be identified on the chromosome of the plasmid-free bacteria Arthrobacter 11/x, Bacillus schlegelii, P. carboxydohydrogena and P. carboxydovorans OM3. There was no example of a plasmid-harboring carboxydotrophic bacterium that did not carry CO dehydrogenase structural genes on the plasmid. The N-terminal sequences of CO dehydrogenase structural genes were found to be conserved among carboxydotrophic bacteria of distinct taxonomic position, independent of the presence of plasmids. It is discussed whether this might be the consequence of horizontal gene transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425170
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical control and linkage relationships of isozyme markers in sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; Isozymes ; Genetics ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five isozyme systems were genetically investigated. The different separation techniques, the developmental expression and the use as marker system in sugar beet genetics and breeding is discussed. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was controlled by two genes. The gene products form inter- as well as intralocus dimers, even with the gene products of the Icd gene in B. procumbens and B. patellaris. Adenylate kinase was controlled by one gene. Three different allelic forms were detected, which were active as monomeric proteins. Glucose phosphate isomerase showed two zones of activity. One zone was polymorphic. Three allelic variants, active as dimers, were found. Phosphoglucomutase also showed two major zones of activity. One zone was polymorphic and coded for monomeric enzymes. Two allelic forms were found in the accessions studied. The cathodal peroxidase system was controlled by two independent genes, of which only one was polymorphic. The gene products are active as monomers. Linkage was found between red hypocotyl color (R) and Icd 2. Pgm 1, Gpi 2, Ak 1 and the Icd 2-R linkage group segregated independently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299761
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The apolipoprotein multigene family: Structure, expression, evolution, and molecular genetics (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Apolipoprotein ; Gene expression ; Genetics ; Evolution ; Gene duplication ; Lipid binding ; DNA polymorphism ; Hypercholesterolemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma apolipoproteins can be classified into two subgroups: the soluble apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II, A-IV, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E, and the apoBs including apoB-100 and apoB-48. The soluble apolipoproteins have very similar genomic structures, each having a total of three introns at the same locations; apoA-IV is an exception in that it has lost its first intron. Using the exon/intron junctions as reference points, we can obtain an alignment of the coding regions of all the soluble apolipoprotein genes. The mature peptide regions of the genes are almost completely made up of tandem repeats of 11 codons. The part of mature peptide region encoded by exon 3 contains a common block of 33 codons, whereas the part encoded by exon 4 contains a much more variable number of internal repeats of 11 codons. On the basis of the degree of homology of the various sequences, and the pattern of the internal repeats in these genes, an evolutionary tree has been proposed for the soluble apolipoprotein genes. ApoB-100 differs considerably from the soluble apolipoproteins. It is the largest apolipoprotein containing 4536 amino acid residues. Two types of internal repeats are identified in apoB-100: amphipathic α-helical repeats and proline-containing repeats with high β-sheet content. The apoB gene contains 29 exons and 28 introns. Its evolutionary relationship to the soluble apolipoprotein genes is unclear. The 3′ end of the apoB gene contains a region of variable number of tandem 12–16-base pair repeats. We have applied the polymerase chain reaction technique to characterize this highly polymorphic locus. The same technique can be used to accurately type other variable number of tandem repeats loci. Finally, apoB-48 was shown to be the product of an RNA editing mechanism involving an intestinal mRNA that has an in-frame UAA stop codon resulting from a C→U change in the codon CAA encoding Gln-2153 in apoB-100 mRNA. Using a molecular approach to apolipoprotein synthesis, structure and genetic analysis, we have generated information important to our understanding of lipoprotein metabolism; we also uncovered unexpected experimental results that are relevant to general cell and molecular biology and molecular evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01717324
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of eye movement dysfunctions in exploring the genetic transmission of schizophrenia (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1989), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Eye movements ; Genetics ; Twins ; Latent trait
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eye movement dysfunctions have been found in a large number of schizophrenic patients and in about half of their first-degree relatives. The distribution of these traits within the families of schizophrenic patients suggests a model of genetic transmission that fits an autosomal dominant model, which we have called the “genetic latent trait model.” The model, with seven parameters, was fitted to a U.S. population and the model was cross-validated on an independent Norwegian sample. Although the model does not invalidate other, more conventional solutions to the puzzle of schizophrenic transmission, such as multifactorial transmission, the latent trait model does more easily permit linkage studies and therefore will allow refutation or support from the use of molecular genetics techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739743
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020301
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020101
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of wire-grids for filters in circular waveguides at millimetre wavelengths (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to develop a new kind of filter that makes a compromise between quasi-optical and more traditional bandpass filtering techniques at millimetre wavelengths, a theoretical modelling of grids in oversize and monomodal waveguides is performed using a variational method.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020102
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier approach to semiconductor device modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 31-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel procedure for the numerical modelling of current transport in semiconductor devices is presented. The method is based on high-order trigonometric expansions (Fourier series) of the solution. The expansion coefficients are calculated in a Galerkin-type algorithm. The method offers infinite-order accuracy regardless of the number of spatial dimensions of the model. Well-conditioning and diagonal dominance of the discrete equations render the numerical procedure stable and effective. Significant advantages are expected, particularly for the solution of strongly non-linear multidimensional device models. Properties of the algorithm are demonstrated on standard semiconductor devices.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020104
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling between electromagnetic fields and multimode transmission systems using TLMInvited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 227-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The coupling between incident electromagnetic fields and lossless, multimode, multiconductor, transmission systems is studied using transmission-line modelling (TLM). Model predictions compared well with experimental multimode results. The model presented is suitable for studying electromagnetic compatibility problems in the time-domain.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020406
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 280-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020411
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison between the time-domain and the frequency-domain diakoptic methods of solving field problems by transmission-line modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The nature and significance of time-domain approximations needed for a diakoptic solution using transmission-line modelling (TLM) are examined. Truncation, filtering and repeated convolution of time responses result in severe restrictions in the accuracy of time-domain diakoptics. The frequency-domain diakoptic method has several advantages, including speed and simplicity, and warrants further study.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020103
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020201
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A self-consistent model for short-channel mosfets (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A de model for short-channel MOSFETs is presented in this paper. Several second-order effects associated with small-geometry MOSFETs such as mobility degradation, carrier velocity saturation and channel length modulation are included in the model. The analysis emphasizes the modeling of the output conductance and the transconductance which are important in analogue circuit simulation. The theoretical predictions of the model are in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020204
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An application of dyadics to the analysis of power transformers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simulation of power transformers following switching operations is presented in which each core section is represented by a non-linear inductance, the differential inductance being determined from the flux density in that section of the core. In analysing the resultant circuit model for the transformer it is shown that the circuit equations have dyadic properties which can be used to give a more efficient numerical solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020203
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on the power-handling capacity of a class of E-plane millimetre-wave filters using finite element modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An approach, based on the finite element method (FEM), is used for evaluating the electromagnetic field distribution in a class of E-plane metal insert filters, operating in the Ka-band. Artificial boundary conditions are inserted directly in a functional, enabling a solution of the scalar wave equation by finite element method.The scattering parameters of the filter, the electromagnetic field and, therefore, the current distributions on the thin metal inserts are computed. Then, the power dissipated in the metallic septa, which is one of the major limitations for the maximum CW-power that can be handled by these types of filter, is evaluated using a perturbational approach. Finally, the maximum field intensity is determined, allowing an estimate of the maximum peak power that these structures can handle.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020205
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Multigrid TLM for diffusion problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The multigrid technique, which is mainly used in the finite difference method, is applied to the TLM (transmission-line matrix or modeling) procedure. In the multigrid TLM, the field region is covered with sets of regular transmission-line matrices of different mesh sizes. The finer grid pattern, which overlaps the coarser grid, fills the region with high field gradients. Data obtained in the coarser grid are transferred to the finer grid through an interpolation process and used as boundary conditions for the latter. The finer grid data are then transferred back to the coarser one, thus improving the coarse grid values. The method is applied to several diffusion problems and significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency are shown.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020206
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Numerical modelling - A fast-growing field (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 115-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020302
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Weighted Gaussian quadratures for singular and near -singular integrands (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 131-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Numerical quadratures encountered in solving integral equations and in finite element analysis often involve singular integrands, or integrands with very rapid local variation whose numerical stability resembles that of singularities. It is shown that specialized quadrature formulae of Gauss-Christoffel type can be generated for such integrands, using a recursive procedure based on the properties of the underlying orthogonal polynomials. Quadrature formulae of moderately high degree can be computed rapidly enough to allow them to be constructed as needed. An algorithm for generating quadrature formulae is given in detail. Singular or near -singular functions encountered in finite element analysis typically require three -point or four -point quadratures; such formulae are readily obtained, to seven -figure accuracy, in computing times short enough to regard the formulae as disposable and not worth preserving in tables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020304
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  • 26
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    Calls for papers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 187-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020307
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  • 27
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    From Huygens to Johns - 300 years of Huygens's principle (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 189-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020402
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  • 28
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    The 3D transmission-line matrix method: Theory and comparison of the processesInvited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an overview of the 3D transmission-line matrix method of analysis, describing the various nodes which are available to date: expanded node, asymmetrical condensed node, symmetrical condensed node. The most general scattering matrices of these nodes are given. The various techniques used to implement irregularly graded meshes are also described. A comparison of all the processes applied to the same structure is made. Conclusions on their use are then discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020403
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  • 29
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    Call for papers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 279-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020410
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  • 30
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    Transmission-line modelling of semiconductor lasers: The transmission-line laser model (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 249-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of the transmission-line modelling technique to the design of semiconductor lasers and optical systems is reviewed. Generalized scattering matrices are developed to allow the technique to be applied to novel devices and systems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020408
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  • 31
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    Drift-diffusion versus energy model for millimetre-wave impatt diodes modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new P-N junction device model is presented. It consists of two numerical unidimensional macroscopic models. The first is a drift-diffusion model. The second is an energy model accounting for the carrier energy relaxation effects. Because device optimization requires systematic investigations, the computing time is of paramount importance and, so an accurate comparison between these two models was undertaken under both static steady-state and dynamic 94 GHz conditions in order to point out the relative interest of the energy model. This study is mainly devoted to silicon millimetre-wave IMPATTs. This comparison has highlighted the superiority of the energy model for the description of low field transport phenomena. But as IMPATT RF properties are mainly governed by high field transport, the RF power levels predicted by the two models have been found to be similar. Moreover it has shown that the energy model tends to underestimate both the efficiency and the diode terminal negative resistance level. This parasitic effect is inherent to the description of the carrier generation process by impact ionization which in this model is assumed to be governed by the carrier energy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020202
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  • 32
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    Calls for papers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 113-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020207
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  • 33
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    Simulation of capacitive array sensors using finite and infinite elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 117-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The response of capacitive array sensors in the presence of flawed solid materials is simulated using finite elements and infinite elements with exponential decay. Conventional finite elements are used to model the critical regions near the probe and the surface of the solid. Infinite elements are used to represent the farfield conditions of the space surrounding the probe and the solid. The method is first applied to problems with analytic solutions to determine the accuracy of the results obtained using the infinite elements. The response of a capacitive array sensor is then simulated using a line integral which measures the relative change in admittance between flawed and unflawed solids. Examples of capacitive probe responses are given for several parametric variations of the flaw size and dielectric constant of the solid.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020303
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  • 34
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    Mathematical modelling of a 3 -phase to single -phase cycloinverter (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper outlines the operating principles of a 3 -phase to single -phase cycloinverter, as used in heating and melting applications, and presents a digital computer model on which performance predictions may be based. Ideal power switches, an input filter and a compensated heating load are assumed in formulating an initial set of state -variable equations which are valid when all the switching devices are conducting. Connection matrix techniques are then used to generate the mesh equations relevant to the continually changing pattern of the switching devices, leading to a very versatile simulation program. Experimental results from a laboratory -scale unit are presented for different output power levels, and these are compared with corresponding computed results to illustrate the close similarity that exists.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020305
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  • 35
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020401
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  • 36
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    Efficient direct and iterative electrodynamic analysis of geometrically complex MIC and MMIC structures (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 153-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Rigorous full -wave analysis techniques are presently receiving much attention in the design of MICs and, in particular, of MMICs due to increasing circuit packing densities and structural complexity. In this paper, the problems associated with such techniques and previous related work are briefly outlined in the introduction. To obtain self -consistency, the electrodynamic Green's functions and related terms are then formulated for the shielded (M)MIC problem. The final operator equation for the numerical solutions derived and the associated functions space are presented and discussed. The central portion of the paper describes a new numerical solution using a discretized Green's function database technique. The resulting linear system of equations is solved by direct inversion for geometrical complexities involving up to about 1000 unknowns; for a higher number of unknowns, an iterative solution is generated. As an alternative to the database technique developed, a variety of spectral domain iterative solutions has been written and tested as well. This includes application of the conjugate gradient method to the normal operator equation (CGN algorithm), an implicit iterative Galerkin approximation called the modified planar conjugate gradient technique (MPCG) and monotonically convergent iteration procedure being a version of the conjugate residual algorithm (CR). Supplementary to this, the extraction of (M)MIC design data from the numerical 3D solutions obtained and error considerations are presented. The paper concludes with a variety of analysis examples of medium to high geometrical complexity and with verification of some results by comparison with measurements and with numerical data from other sources.CPU times required on typical workstations (Micro VAX, HP 9000, etc.) are moderate, thus rendering the techniques presented as useful in the solution of MIC and MMIC design problems.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020306
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  • 37
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    A multicompartment TLM model for solving first-order rate equations (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces a simple model for solving a system of first-order rate equations using the TLM numerical method. A general algorithm is developed by setting up a matrix of discrete compartments. The rate constants provide the linkage between each compartment and the neighbouring ones. The method is demonstrated by some examples in which saturation conditions are considered. The TLM solution is compared with analytical solutions and the Rung-Kutta method of solving differential equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020105
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  • 38
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    A comparison of the dispersion characteristics associated with the TLM and FD-TD methods (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the dispersion characteristics of the FD-TD algorithm by showing the numerical phase and group velocities of the TEM, TE or TM modal solutions. For the TEM wave propagation, there exist three fundamental directions to which phase and group velocities can be expressed by only a single variable (wave number k or frequency ω). Those special directions were chosen to show the dispersive nature of the FD-TD algorithm of which the group and phase velocities depend explicitly on frequencies.In view of similarities between the TLM and FD-TD algorithms, a comparison of phase velocity characteristics of both methods was made. Under the special condition where the stability factor s is larger than 1/2, the FD-TD algorithm is found less dispersive than that of the original TLM. However, newly developed symmetrical TLM method appears less dispersive than the FD-TD algorithm.In the numerical simulation of waveguide modal solutions, it was found that there exists an optimum frequency which provide least numerical error in the FD-TD application. A procedure, which determines the stability factor s and the maximum allowed frequency Fmax for the best numerical results, is proposed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020404
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  • 39
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    The modelling of EM leakage into advanced composite enclosures using the TLM techniqueInvited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TLM technique has been enhanced to allow the accurate modelling of EM diffusion through advanced composite material shells. This is a significant development owing to the rapidly increasing use of conducting composite materials in aerospace vehicle design. The accurate EM modelling of this class of materials is important for correct design of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).Existing 3-D time-domain TLM models a non-perfectly conducting shell using a resistive sheet (or sheets) to simulate the surface. The results from this model are shown to be slightly inaccurate and require lengthy computer solution times. A separate 1-D, frequency-domain transmission-line model has been developed elsewhere to better analyse the diffusion properties of composite materials. The incorporation of the results from this frequency domain code into the 3-D time-domain TLM algorithm is outlined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020407
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  • 40
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    The calculation of radar cross-section (RCS) using the TLM method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The calculation of the radar cross-section (RCS) of complex bodies using the symmetrical condensed TLM method is presented. The technique is based on a near-to-far field transformation of the TLM calculated near fields. Several two-dimensional examples are presented which validate the method. The main advantage of utilizing techniques such as TLM for RCS computation lies in the ability to model arbitrary bodies with complex material compositions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020409
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  • 41
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    The discrete time domain Green's function or Johns matrix  -  A new powerful concept in transmission line modelling (TLM)Invited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new TLM-based concept analogous to the Green's function approach in classical electromagnetic theory is presented. It employs the procedure known as time domain diakoptics. The response of a TLM mesh to a unit impulse excitation at selected input points is interpreted as a discrete Green's function in the time domain, and the term ‘Johns matrix’ is proposed for this characteristic response. As in classical theory, the response of the mesh to an arbitrary excitation is found by convolving the excitation with its Johns matrix. This concept extends the generalized scattering parameter concept into the time dimension, opens unprecedented possibilities for partioning time domain problems at the field level, and permits large-scale preprocessing of substructures for computer-aided design. It also represents and elegant way of modelling broadband absorbing boundary conditions, imperfectly conducting walls and general frequency dispersive boundaries in the time domain.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020405
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  • 42
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    A comparison of muscle precursor replication in crush-injured skeletal muscle of Swiss and BALBc mice (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 385-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myogenesis ; Muscle regeneration ; Genetics ; Autoradiography ; Tritiated thymidine ; Mouse (Swiss;BALBc)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle precursor replication in Swiss mice, in which muscle regeneration is exceptionally vigorous, was compared with previous data for regeneration in BALBc mice. The tibialis anterior muscles of 23 male and 15 female inbred Swiss SJL/J mice were crush injured, and tritiated thymidine injected into mice at various times after injury to label replicating muscle precursors. Lesion samples were taken 10 days after injury, processed for autoradiography, and grain counts of myotube nuclei analysed. Muscle regeneration was more vigorous in male compared with female Swiss mice, and in both was strikingly greater than that in BALBc mice in which there was extensive fibrous connective tissue throughout the lesions. Autoradiographic analysis showed that muscle precursor replication started at 24 hours in Swiss mice, 6 hours earlier than the onset at 30 hours in BALBc mice. Muscle precursor replication appeared to be more active 96 hours after injury in female Swiss compared with male BALBc and male Swiss mice respectively, although numbers of precursor cells replicating at other times were similar. It is not known whether the slight difference in onset of muscle precursor replication can alone account for the more complete muscle regeneration seen in Swiss mice. Similar studies were carried out in 11 male and 10 female F1 hybrid (SJL/J x BALBc) mice. Analysis of labelled myotube nuclei showed that muscle precursors did not synthesise DNA prior to 30 hours after injury, and regeneration resembled that of the parental BALBc strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224122
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    Conference diary (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1725-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280718
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  • 44
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    Modelling liquid-solid phase changes with melt convection (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1769-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods are described for modelling of phase change processes using the finite element method to simulate freezing and melting including convection in the melt. Evaluation of several enthalply/specific heat methods and time marching schemes is also included. Suppression of velocities in the solid region is described, and example problems are given. Comparison is made to simulations performed by other researchers using finite difference methods. Substantially different results were found for one of these problems, and this result is shown to be caused by numerical problems in the earlier work.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280805
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  • 45
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    Application of the Ritz method to plane elasticity problems for composite sheets with variable fibre spacing (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1813-1825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The plane stress problem of a parallel fibre, rectangular composite sheet with variable fibre content is investigated. The resulting sheets are governed by partial differential equations that have variable coefficients, which are generally unsolvable exactly. A Ritz method is used to approximate the solution and is checked against known problems having exact solutions. The method is found to determine closely both the displacements and the stresses with fewer than 200 degrees of freedom. It is then applied to two interesting problems for which no exact solutions exist, including that of uniform normal stress applied in the direction of the fibres.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280808
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  • 46
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    The problem of selecting the shape functions for a p-type finite element (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1891-1908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper addresses the question of the optimal selection of the shape functions for p-type finite elements and discusses the effectivity of the conjugate gradient and multilevel iteration method for solving the corresponding linear system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280813
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  • 47
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    Announcement (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2466-2466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281017
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  • 48
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281101
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    Static non-linear three-dimensional analysis of a riser bundle by a substructuring and incremental finite element algorithm (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2517-2540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of static, non-linear, large three-dimensional deformation of riser bundles used in offshore oil and gas production is studied within the limits of small strain theory. The mathematical model consists of the models of component-risers and connectors which hold risers together. Each riser is modelled as a thin walled, slender, extensible or inextensible tubular beam-column. It is subject to non-linear three-dimensional deformation dependent hydrodynamic loads, torsion and distributed moments, varying axial tension, and internal and external fluid forces. The problem is solved numerically by developing an algorithm which features substructuring, condensation and non-linear incremental finite elements. Substructuring is used to decompose the riser bundle problem into those of individual component-risers and equilibria of connectors. Condensation is used along with the connector equilibrium equations to produce connector forces and moments. Strong non-linearities present in the model are handled by an incremental finite element approach. Accuracy of the computer code is verified by solving simple three-dimensional cases. Two three-dimensional applications are solved for a bundle with seven component-risers and up to a total of 1267 degrees of freedom. Finally, a comparison is made with numerical results of a two-dimensional analysis code. The influence of problem size on total CPU time is discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281104
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    A mixed-variable continuously deforming finite element method for parabolic evolution problems. Part II: The coupled problem of phase-change in porous media (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2609-2634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The conceptual framework of a least squares rate variational approach to the formulation of continuously deforming mixed-variable finite element computational scheme for a single evolution equation was presented in Part I.1 In this paper (Part II), we extend these concepts and present an adaptively deforming mixed variable finite element method for solving general two-dimensional transport problems governed by a system of coupled non-linear partial differential evolution equations. In particular, we consider porous media problems that involve coupled heat and mass transport processes that yield steep continuous moving fronts, and abrupt, discontinuous, moving phase-change interfaces. In this method, the potentials, such as the temperature, pressure and species concentration, and the corresponding fluxes, are permitted to jump in value across the phase-change interfaces. The equations, and the jump conditions, governing the physical phenomena, which were specialized from a general multiphase, multiconstituent mixture theory, provided the basis for the development and implementation of a two-dimensional numerical simulator. This simulator can effectively resolve steep continuous fronts (i.e. shock capturing) without oscillations or numerical dispersion, and can accurately represent and track discontinuous fronts (i.e. shock fitting) through adaptive grid deformation and redistribution. The numerical implementation of this simulator and numerical examples that demonstrate the performance of the computational method are presented in Part III2 of this paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281109
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    Analysis of the Zienkiewicz-Zhu a-posteriori error estimator in the finite element method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2161-2174 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An a-posteriori error estimator for finite element analysis proposed by Zienkiewicz and Zhu is analysed and shown to be effective and convergent. In addition we analyse wider classes of estimators of which the Zienkiewicz-Zhu estimator is a special case. It is shown that some of these estimators will be asymptotically exact. Numerical evidence is presented supporting the analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280912
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    Stress computations for nearly incompressible materials by the p-version of the finite element method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2175-2190 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the case of nearly incompressible elastic materials the strain energy, the shear stress and the difference of normal stresses can be computed accurately by direct methods when the p-version of the finite element method is used. Computation of the sum of the normal stresses requires special procedures. In this paper such procedures are described and examples are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280913
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    Advanced development of the boundary element method for steady-state heat conduction (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2123-2142 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward advancing the state-of-the-art in solid mechanics boundary element technology. In the present work, much of this new technology is applied in the development of a general-purpose boundary element method (BEM) for steady-state heat conduction. In particular, the BEM implementation involves the use of higher-order conforming elements, self-adaptive integration and multi-region capability. Two- and three-dimensional, as well as axisymmetric analyses, are incorporated within a unified framework. In addition, techniques are introduced for the calculation of boundary flux, and for the inclusion of thermal resistance across interfaces. As a final extension, an efficient formulation is developed for the analysis of solid three-dimensional bodies with embedded holes. For this last class of problems, the new BEM formulation is particularly attractive, since use of the alternatives (i.e. finite element or finite difference methods) is not practical. A number of detailed examples illustrate the suitability and robustness of the present approach for steady-state heat conduction.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280910
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281001
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    Error estimates and convergence rates for various incompressible elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2191-2202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This note reports numerical experiments on the efficiency of simple error estimates derived earlier1 applied to incompressible mixed or related penalty type formulations. The rate of convergence and performance of various mixed elements is compared. Numerical results from a driven cavity and an incompressible elastic problem demonstrate that the T6B1/3D and T6/3C elements give a faster rate of convergence than the T6/1D element. However, in the case of a plane extrusion analysis (stronger singularity), the rate of convergence for the T6B1/3D element drops and is inferior to that of the T6/1D, while the T6/3C element still proves superior to the other two elements.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280914
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    Error estimates and adaptive refinement for plate bending problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2839-2853 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator is shown to be effective in problems of plate flexure. When used in conjunction with triangular elements and an adaptive mesh generator allowing a prescribed size of elements to be developed, very fast adaptive convergence for results of specified accuracy is achieved.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281209
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    Selective refinement/derefinement algorithms for sequences of nested triangulations (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2889-2906 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The construction of changing sequences of irregular and nested triangulations, based on the use of conforming refinement/derefinement algorithms for triangulations, is presented and discussed. This strategy is particularly appropriate to combine adaptivity and full multigrid algorithms for dealing with moving fronts or fluid dynamics problems. It is shown that the quality of all the triangulations iteratively generated depends only on the geometric characteristics of the initial grid. A data structure suitable to create, manage and modify series of nested triangulations as well as the main features of the DEREF prototype package are described, and numerical examples are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281212
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    Tracing the equilibrium path beyond simple critical points (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2923-2941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A unified presentation of some popular continuation procedures used in the non-linear finite element analysis of structural mechanics is introduced. An extension of the elliptical constraint equation proposed by Crisfield is given. It is shown that in the proposed procedure real roots can always be obtained in solving the iterative change of the load parameter. Updated weighting factors are introduced in the constraint equation in order to get better convergence characteristics in the case when localized deformations occur. For bifurcation points a modification of Rheinboldt's branching procedure is presented. Post critical response after limit and bifurcation points is determined in some numerical examples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281214
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    Numerical modelling of wave-induced currents in a breakwater situation (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 21-35 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical model system is developed to describe waves and wave-induced currents in a breakwater situation, where refraction, diffraction, reflection and wave-current interaction may all play important roles in the transformation of waves. A turbulence transport model is employed to estimate the eddy viscosity, and the friction factors associated with the major variables are clearly defined using a high level closure of combined flow bed friction. The model system is tested against a laboratory situation, and the effects of reflection are demonstrated on the wave-induced currents as well as on the wave distribution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270104
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    Description of some numerical tools for solving incompressible turbulent and free surface flows (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 3-20 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: During the past ten years various methods have been devised to deal with the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. In the meantime, different models have been worked out to represent turbulent incompressible flows. At LNH, deep participation in this enthusiastic research is still going on, together with a closely related development of physical modelling and metrology. In this paper, we will give an insight into a set of numerical codes which are now currently in use at our laboratory and some of their main applications to coastal engineering. This will include thermohydraulic internal flows and free surface flows. For each code a short presentation of the algorithm of solution is described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270103
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    Wave plan computation method in study of the Calvi Bay erosion in Corsica, France (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 71-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of linear monochromatic wave propagation is presented, based on a theory of potentials. The usual Berkhoff equation has been extended by the addition of partially pervious solid boundary effects and the bed friction.The problem has been solved by a hybrid finite element method including the effect of singular local elements such as the end of breakwaters or wharfs. This numerical method confirms the interest in quadratic Lagrangian finite elements.The comparisons with analytical solutions and existing numerical results show the validity of the method. Some original examples also prove the good performance of the proposed computation method.As an example, the study of the erosion of the beach of Calvi Bay in Corsica, France is presented. The phenomenon had started already in 1960, but the problem began to be very severe four years ago, after the implementation of a new harbour in 1982 and buildings, hotels, restaurants, and a main sewer on the beach. To consider the impact of these constructions and other factors like waves, currents and geomorphological aspects, the studies were divided into four parts: sedimentological, currents, wave propagation and geomorphological.This paper will describe the results of a complete two years study on the site, from February 1986 to December 1987.Findings show that the erosion process is due to the rise of the relative sea level with, as a catalyst, tourist behaviour and the implementation of the new constructions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270107
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    A unified treatment of superconvergent recovered gradient functions for piecewise linear finite element approximations (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 469-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Piecewise linear finite element approximations to two-dimensional Poisson problems are treated. For simplicity, consideration is restricted to problems having Dirichlet boundary conditions and defined on rectangular domains Ω which are partitioned by a uniform triangular mesh. It is also required that the solutions u ∊ H3 (Ω). A method is proposed for recovering the gradients of the finite element approximations to a root mean square accuracy of O(h2), both at element edge mid-points and element vertices, using simple averaging schemes over adjacent elements. Piecewise linear interpolants (respectively discontinuous and continuous) are then fitted to these recovered gradients, and are shown to be O(h2) estimates for ∇u in the L2-norm, and thus superconvergent. A discussion is given of the extension of the results to problems with more general region and mesh geometries, boundary conditions and with solutions of lower regularity, and also to other second-order elliptic boundary value problems, e.g. the problem of planar linear elasticity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270304
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    A cubic triangular finite element for flat plates with shear (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 109-126 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the development of a straightforward displacement type triangular finite element for bending of a flat plate with the inclusion of transverse (or lateral) shear effects. The element has twenty two degrees of freedom consisting of ten for the lateral displacement of the midplane and six for rotations of the normal to the undeformed midplane of the plate. The latter are taken as independent of the slopes of the deformed midplane in order to include deformation due to transverse shear. The element is fully conforming and may be orthotropic. At interelement boundaries, the element matches adjacent elements both with respect to lateral displacement of the midplane and the rotations of the normal. The result is an efficient ‘linear moment’ triangular element but with transverse shear deformation included. Numerical computations for a number of examples are presented. The results show the element to be more flexible than most other finite element models and agree closely with those from a numerical solution of the three dimensional elasticity equations. The results also converge to those from thin plate theory when the thickness to length ratio becomes small or when the transverse shear moduli are artificially increased.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280109
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    Letter to the editor (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 237-237 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280116
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    An accelerated iterative method for contact analysis (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 279-293 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An iterative solution procedure for a frictionless contact problem is presented. Convergence to the exact solution is guaranteed by an error reduction method, and the rate of convergence is drastically improved by reduction of the ratio of extreme eigenvalues of the iteration matrix. For an ordinary linear equation, the present technique has the same theoretical value of convergence rate as the Chebyshev acceleration technique. The present acceleration technique can be directly extended for complicated frictional contact problems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280204
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    A new moving finite element method based on quadratic approximation functions (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 415-430 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Moving finite element methods are adaptive gridding procedures especially designed for systems of partial differential equations whose solutions contain steep gradients. A new moving finite element method based on quadratic approximation functions is presented. Both the theoretical and computational aspects are outlined. Performance of the method is illustrated with solutions to Burgers' equation. The solution is accurate and remarkably smooth in the entire domain.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280211
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    Stress intensity factors by enriched mixed finite elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1461-1473 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An enriched finite element model for linear elastic fracture mechanics is developed for a mixed variational statement. The independent approximations for the displacement and stress components are enriched by adding the near-field analytic expressions for a cracked body to the polynomial approximations of a conventional element. This allows for an accurate representation of the stress and displacement fields near the crack tip and also results in the direct calculation of the appropriate stress intensity factors. The accuracy of this formulation is demonstrated through several numerical examples.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280615
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280701
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    Softening and snap-back instability in cohesive solids (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1521-1537 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The nature of the crack and the structure behaviour can range from ductile to brittle, depending on material properties, structure geometry, loading condition and external constraints. The influence of variation in fracture toughness, tensile strength and geometrical size scale is investigated on the basis of the π-theorem of dimensional analysis. Strength and toughness present in fact different physical dimensions and any consistent fracture criterion must describe energy dissipation per unit of volume and per unit of crack area respectively. A cohesive crack model is proposed aiming at describing the size effects of fracture mechanics, i.e. the transition from ductile to brittle structure behaviour by increasing the size scale and keeping the geometrical shape unchanged.For extremely brittle cases (e.g. initially uncracked specimens, large and/or slender structures, low fracture toughness, high tensile strength, etc.) a snap-back instability in the equilibrium path occurs and the load-deflection softening branch assumes a positive slope. Both load and deflection must decrease to obtain a slow and controlled crack propagation (whereas in normal softening only the load must decrease). If the loading process is deflection-controlled, the loading capacity presents a discontinuity with a negative jump. It is proved that such a catastrophic event tends to reproduce the classical LEFM-instability (KI = KIC) for small fracture toughnesses and/or for large structure sizes. In these cases, neither the plastic zone develops nor slow crack growth occurs before unstable crack propagation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280705
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    Eigenproperties of large-scale structures by finite element partitioning and homotopy continuation (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2113-2122 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element partitioning (or substructuring) is employed to estimate the eigenproperties of large-scale structural systems. A homotopy equation is constructed and its solutions are characterized by a number of curves which connect the eigensolutions of the partitions with those of the complete system. A step-by-step tracing procedure is developed to follow these curves. At each step, prediction and correction are performed. The Rayleigh-Ritz procedure and the conjugate gradient method are used as predictor and corrector, respectively. Compared with the sole use of either the Rayleigh-Ritz or gradient methods, the proposed method is more reliable and more efficient for large-scale problems. Numerical implementation is well suited for supercomputers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280909
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    A finite element model for composite beams undergoing large deflection with arbitrary cross-sectional warpingModified version of a paper presented at the Second International Conference on Basic Rotorcraft Research, February 16-18, 1988, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2143-2160 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element formulation has been developed to take into account the warping effect of composite beams undergoing large deflection or finite rotation. This formulation is to be used to model combined bending, torsional and extensional behaviour of composite helicopter rotor blades. The new approach can model thin to moderately thick walled composite beams with complicated cross-sections, tapers and arbitrary planforms. The warping effects are incorporated by assuming warping displacements superimposed over cross-sections normal to the beam axis in the deformed configuration of a shear flexible beam. The strain is assumed to vary linearly through the wall thickness. The fixed or total Lagrangian description is adopted in the present formulation and the Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the non-linear equilibrium equation resulting from the finite element approximation. Numerical tests of example problems demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the present approach.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280911
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    A plate bending element based on a generalized laminate plate theory (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2275-2292 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A plate bending element based on the generalized laminate plate theory (GLPT) developed by the senior author is described and its accuracy is investigated by comparison with the exact solutions of the generalized plate theory and the 3D-elasticity theory. The element accounts for transverse shear deformation and layer-wise description of the inplane displacements of the laminate. The element has improved description of the inplane as well as the transverse deformation response. A method for the computation of interlaminar (transverse) stresses is also presented.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281006
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    Assumed strain formulation for triangular C0 plate elements based on a weak form of the Kirchhoff constraints (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2323-2338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Application of a weak form of the Kirchhoff constraints in the formulation of triangular assumed shear strain C0 plate element is described. It is shown that, compared to a similar formulation of the quadrilateral elements, formulation of the triangles requires some additional considerations which lead to additional terms in the energy expression. With those terms performance of the assumed shear strain triangular elements is comparable to that of the quadrilateral elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281009
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    An implicit integration algorithm with a projection method for viscoplastic constitutive equations (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2397-2421 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Robinson's viscoplastic model, a representative of the so-called overstress models, is integrated by use of the generalized midpoint rule. The solution of the non-linear system of algebraic equations arising from time discretization of the constitutive equations is determined using a projection method in combination with Newton's method. Consistent tangent moduli are calculated and the quadratic convergence of the global Newton equilibrium iteration is shown. The time increment size is controlled by the convergence behaviour of the equilibrium iteration and the accuracy of the numerical integration. Various numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the efficiency of the methods.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281013
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    Multigrid methods: Theory, applications and supercomputing, ed. S. F. McCormick, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988. Price: $99.75 (U.S.A. and Canada), $119.50 (All other countries). No. of pages: 641 pp (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2711-2711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281118
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  • 76
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    Efficiency of group implicit concurrent algorithms for transient finite element analysis (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2761-2776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The performance of group implicit algorithms is assessed on actual concurrent computers. We show that, as the number of subdomains is increased, performance enhancements are derived from two sources: the increased parallelism in the computations; and a reduction in equation solving effort. Moreover, we show that these two performance enhancements are synergistic, in the sense that the corresponding speed-ups are multiplied, rather than merely added. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that, if n is the number of degrees of freedom of the structure, p the number of processors used in the computations, and s ≥ p is the number of subdomains in the partition, the net speed-up is \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ O\left({p\sqrt s} \right) $\end{document} in 2D and O(ps) in 3D, asymptotically as n/s → ∞. In particular, speed-ups with respect to Newmark's method of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ O\left({p\sqrt s} \right) $\end{document} in 2D and O(s) in 3D are obtained on a single-processor machine. Finally, simulations on a 32-node hypercube are presented for which the interprocessor communication efficiencies obtained are consistently in excess of 90 per cent.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281204
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    Partial hybrid stress element for the analysis of thick laminated composite plates (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2813-2827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new element - a partial hybrid stress element - is proposed in this paper for the analysis of thick laminated composite plates. The variational principle of this element can be derived from the Hellinger-Reissner principle through dividing six stress components into a flexural part (σx, σy, σxy, σz) and a transverse shear part (τxy, τyz). The element stiffness matrix can be formulated by assuming a stress field only for transverse shear stresses, while all the others are obtained from an assumed displacement field. Consequently, this new element combines the benefits of the conventional displacement method and the hybrid stress method. A twenty-node hexahedron element is employed in each layer for the displacement field. For the assumed transverse shear stress field, only the traction-free boundary conditions and interface traction continuity are satisfied. The equilibrium equation is enforced by the variational principle. Hence, the complicated work of searching an equilibrating stress field for all the six stress components in the hybrid stress method can be avoided. Furthermore, the interlaminar traction discontinuity, especially transverse shear, encountered by the conventional displacement method and higher-order plate element for laminated plate analysis can also be overcome. Examples are illustrated to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this proposed partial hybrid stress element.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281207
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    Smooth postbuckling stresses by a modified finite element method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2877-2888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Exact postbuckling stresses usually vary fairly smoothly. Unfortunately, finite element postbuckling stresses tend to be much less well behaved. The result is that second order postbuckling constants determined by the finite element method may be highly inaccurate. The reason is that in finite element solutions transverse displacements associated with the buckling fields furnish too rapidly varying postbuckling strain contributions, while the postbuckling axial or membrane displacements contribute strain components that are sufficiently smooth, thus creating an internal postbuckling strain and stress mismatch.The present study suggests a modified finite element method that handles the problem, which is a special example of membrane locking, by introducing the postbuckling strains as independent variables. In general, the method provides rather complicated finite element expressions. However, by a suitable choice of interpolating functions, the resulting finite element equations themselves may be found to be the usual ones, and yet provide smooth postbuckling stresses and therefore good values of the postbuckling constants.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281211
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270101
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    Calculation of the force coefficients of a tubular jacket structural member with an appurtenance by the discrete vortex method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 153-167 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Jacket structures have many sub-sea appurtenances attached to them. For example, a typical jacket structure has hundreds of sacrificial anodes attached to its members. The fluid loading of these structures is calculated using Morison's formula. The force coefficients used in the equation are based on experiments carried out, for the most part, on single cylinders in laboratories in ideal flow. There are very few experimental data available for the fluid loading of cylinders with appurtenances. Moreover, it is not possible to calculate theoretically the loading on such configurations in flows of practical interest using approaches such as the finite element method. However, appurtenances can contribute significantly to the overall loading on a structure. This paper presents the preliminary theoretical work that has been carried out as part of a programme to establish a rational method for estimating the fluid loading on tubular members with appurtenances.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270113
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270201
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    Homogenization and pre-integration techniques for multilayer composite and sandwich finite element models (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The multilayer degenerated 3-D shell element, for which the stiffness matrix is calculated by numerical integration ply by ply, gives accurate results even for moderately thick composite panels, but needs an important linear and non-linear generation time when the number of plies is high (N 〉 10). In order to reduce this time some pre-integration and homogenization techniques are investigated. Different pre-integration methods have been reviewed and discussed. Then, two new homogenization methods, based on a series expansion of an equivalent Hooke matrix over the thickness, are presented. Next, simple numerical validation tests of these new methods are discussed, indicating necessary further investigations. Finally, a general discussion about the properties of the pre-integration and homogenization techniques tends to define their respective application domain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270204
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    Composite plate analysis using a new discrete shear triangular finite element (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 343-359 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the static and dynamic (free vibrations) analysis of plates built up with a symmetric series of orthotropic layers. The formulation of a new simple triangular finite element having three nodes and three degrees of freedom per node is presented. The element called DST (Discrete Shear Triangle) is free of shear locking and has a proper rank. It coincides with DKT (Discrete Kirchhoff Triangle) when the transverse shear effects are negligible. A large number of classical problems is considered to evaluate the performance of the element for the analysis of composite plates. Very satisfactory results are obtained for displacements, stresses and frequencies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270209
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    On the analysis of the buckling behaviour of laminated composite plates and shells (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 403-427 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In general, plates and shells out of composite laminates are more susceptible to transverse shear than those out of homogeneous isotropic material. By means of different shear flexible theories the effect on buckling and postbuckling behaviour is studied. It turns out that there is a rather limited range of plates where the transverse shear is of considerable influence. Results obtained with Mindlin- or Reissner-type theories prove almost as adequate as those obtained with Reddy's theory. For the buckling analysis of shells the Kirchhoff-Love theory is precise enough. Snap-through buckling and imperfection sensitivity appear in composite shells, too, especially if they are optimized with respect to high bifurcation buckling loads.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270212
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    Multi-level finite element solution algorithms based on multiplicative and additive correction procedures (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Owing to the failure of the finite element analyst to employ a properly refined computational model, the accuracy of preliminary finite element computations is often low. Thus, it is useful to introduce a computational procedure for improving the results obtained from a preliminary finite element solution. Such a procedure is presented in this paper. In this procedure the solution error components are decomposed into two parts. One of the error components is assumed to have a long period variation. The other component is assumed to have a short period variation. Multiplicative and additive correction procedures are introduced to iteratively eliminate the two error components. The multiplicative and additive correction procedures are implemented using multi-level solution techniques.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280105
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    Multilevel dynamic substructures (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 181-191 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dynamic substructure method is extended to multilevel (recursive) substructures. The obvious distinction of the two approaches is that the stiffness and mass matrices before condensation are no longer frequency independent. The dynamic stiffness matrix at any substructure level is proved to be a function of the vibrating frequency in terms of some constant matrices which are derivable from the dynamic stiffness matrix at one lower substructure level. The method can accurately predict more modes than the number of degrees of freedom retained. The computational procedure, the generalized inverse iteration, the stationary principle of the system natural frequency and the generalized Rayleigh's quotient are derived for the frequency dependent matrices. Numerical examples are given to illustrate some engineering applications. A transcendental dynamic stiffness matrix can be transformed to a more convenient algebraic form by the present method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280113
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    Free-vibration analysis of single-layer and two-layer bimodular beams (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 955-965 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented for determining the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of isotropic bimodular beams at certain supporting conditions. Although only the lowest three modes of the single-layer and two-layer bimodular beams were studied, in principle, the method may also be used to determine higher-mode natural frequencies and shapes of the multi-layer beams. Numerical analysis shows that the approach is suitable for the free-vibration analysis of clamped/free and hinged/hinged bimodular beams.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280416
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    The finite element method in thermodynamics, by Tai-Ran Hsu, ISBN 004-620013-4, Allen & Unwin, Boston, 1986. No. of pages: 391 + xix (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 980-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280420
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    A general finite element for beams or beam-columns with or without an elastic foundation (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1061-1076 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general finite element is derived for beams or beam-columns with or without a continuous Winkler type elastic foundation. The need to discretize members into shorter elements for convergence towards an ‘exact’ solution is eliminated by employing in the derivation of the element exact shape functions obtained from the equation of the elastic line. Inter-nodal values of deflections, bending moments and shear forces are obtained using the exact shape functions and trigonometric series. The effect of heavy compressive or tensile axial forces on bending stiffness is treated as a linear problem by considering the axial force as a constant parameter affecting the stiffness. FORTRAN subroutines to compute the stiffness matrix, equivalent nodal forces, deflected shape, bending moments and shear forces are provided and verified by an example.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280506
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    Computation of thermal stresses in quasistatic non-stationary thermoelasticity using boundary elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1131-1144 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present the boundary integral formulation for the solution of quasi-static problems of two-dimensional uncoupled thermoelasticity. A detailed scheme for the numerical solution of the boundary integral equations and computation of internal stresses by regularized integral representation is developed in time formulation. The method is tested in a numerical example.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280510
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    An effective quadrilateral plate bending element (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1145-1160 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An effective arbitrary quadrilateral thin plate bending element with a quasi-conforming, QCQ element, is presented in this paper. The elements pass the patch test with constant strain and the patch test with linear strains approximately. When the element degenerates to a rectangle the patch test with linear strains is passed. The calculation of the element stiffness matrix is simple without numerical integration. The numerical examples show that the QCQ element has a higher accuracy and a faster convergence rate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280511
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    An efficient 3-D infinite element for water wave diffraction problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1371-1387 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient and simple infinite element for modelling the far field potential of water wave diffraction problems is presented. The shape functions in the radial direction comprise the first two terms of the asymptotic expansions of Hankel functions. The integrals with infinite limit for calculating the coefficient matrix have been worked out. Numerical tests on the diffraction by a surface-piercing circular cylinder give surprisingly accurate resultant forces even if the infinite elements are placed very near to the cylinder. Other typical three dimensional examples also show that satisfactory results can be obtained by the use of this simple infinite element. A computer program, WALOAD, has been developed for computing the wave forces on fixed two and three dimensional bodies.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280610
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    Development and applications of two singular points finite elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1449-1460 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An element formulation is suggested to obtain variable order singularities simultaneously at the two neighbouring corner nodes of a 4-noded quadrilateral. The element is useful for modelling a kinked crack with small kink length. The accuracy is good and this is obtained at a substantially reduced computational cost. Case studies are presented to illustrate the usefulness and the accuracy obtainable.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280614
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    Non-linear steady state vibration of frames by finite element method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1599-1618 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element method based on the virtual work principle to determine the steady state response of frams in free or forced periodic vibration is introduced. The axial and flexural deformations are coupled by mean of the induced axial force along the element. The spatial discretization of the deformations is achieved by the usual finite element method and the time discretization by Fourier coefficients of the nodal displacements. No unconventional element matrices are needed. After applying the harmonic balance method, a set of non-linear algebraic equations of the Fourier coefficients is obtained. These equations are solved by the Newtonian iteration method in terms of the Fourier coefficient increments. Nodal damping can easily be included by a diagonal damping matrix. The direct numerical determination of the Fourier coefficient increments is difficult owing to the presence of peaks, loops and discontinuities of slope along the amplitude-frequency response curves. Parametric construction of the response curves using the phase difference between the response and excitation is recommended to provide more points during the rapid change of the phase (i.e. at resonance). For undamped natural vibration, the method of selective coefficients adopted.Numerical examples on the Duffing equation, a hinged-hinged beam, a clamped-hinged beam, a ring and a frame are given. For reasonably accurate results, it is shown that the number of finite elements must be sufficient to predict at least the linear mode at the frequency of interest and the number of harmones considered must satisfy the conditions of completeness and balanceability, which are discussed in detail.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280710
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    3-D boundary element method for cracks in a plate (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1703-1713 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: New fundamental solutions which automatically satisfy boundary conditions at the interfaces of an elastic plate perfectly bonded to two elastic halfspaces are implemented in a 3-D boundary element method (BEM) for crack problems. The BEM features a new integration scheme for highly singular kernels. The capability is achieved through a part analytic and part numerical integration procedure, such that the analytic part of the integration is similar for all slip/opening variations, ‘Part-through’ elliptic cracks in an elastic plate with traction-free surfaces are analysed and the stress intensity factor (SIF) values along the crack front are found to compare favourably with widely accepted numerically obtained SIF results by Raju and Newman.1
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280716
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280801
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    Mixed-interpolated elements for Reissner-Mindlin plates (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1787-1801 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present in this paper a procedure to establish Reissner-Mindlin plate bending elements. The procedure is based on the idea to combine known results on the approximation of Stokes problems with known results on the approximation of elliptic problems. The proposed elements satisfy the mathematical conditions of stability and convergence, and some of them promise to provide efficient elements for practical solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280806
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  • 98
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    Eigensolutions of non-conservative continuous mechanical systems computed by use of a matrix iteration method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1827-1837 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two-sided Ostrowski matrix iteration is applied to solve eigenproblems of non-conservative continuous systems in structural dynamics starting from known eigensolutions of a related conservative system. Eigensolution paths are followed as the parameters of the system governing its non-conservative behaviour are increased from zero. No discretization is performed and no truncation errors are introduced. The real eigenvalues of the related conservative problem are calculated by use of the Wittrick-Williams algorithm. The corresponding eigenvectors are obtained with an inverse iteration method using eigenfrequency-dependent trial eigenvectors. Residues of system harmonic transfer functions are computed using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors together with eigenvector normalization constants (modal Foss dampings). These residues are needed in a transient analysis. The method is applied to the generalized Beck column stability problem. Critical loads are calculated. Harmonic flexibilities of subcritically loaded columns in transverse vibration are studied. Applications to control problems are foreseen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280809
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280901
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  • 100
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    An upwind method for solving transport-diffusion-reaction systems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2021-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A combination of the characteristics method and finite elements techniques is applied to solve a coupled heat transfer-chemical reaction system in the stationary case. The solution of the non-linear discretized system is obtained by using Newton's algorithm. Finally, numerical results for several problems are presented to test the accuracy and stability of the method.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280904
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