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  • 1990-1994  (965)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1890-1899
  • 1991  (965)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (773)
  • Genetics  (192)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Genetics ; evolution ; host adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When populations are exposed to different environments, evolutionary processes can lead either to genetically differentiated strains or to the appearance of increased generalism at the individual level. For evolution to occur, genetic variability in performance in different environments is required. Here, intraspecific genetic variation across environments was estimated in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) by comparing the responses of two strains of T. castaneum to different flour types. Replicated groups from each strain were allowed to develop on either the standard whole wheat medium or on one of four novel flours (wheat, rice, corn and oat). In several of the novel flours, clear differences in mean development time or population size of one or both strains were seen relative to performance in the standard medium. Moreover, the strains differed significantly in their phenotypic responses to the flours. One strain did particularly poorly on oat flour. Reduced oviposition, reduced larval survivorship and increased larval cannibalism were examined as possible causes of the low productivity on oat flour. These three factors accounted for about 70% of the reduction in population size when this strain oviposited and developed in oat flour. The difference between these two outbred strains in response to these five flours suggests that genetic variation in resource use is present within T. castaneum and may also be present within strains and natural populations in grain storage facilities. Such variation would permit an evolutionary response to selection in multiple environments (flours). This process has agricultural implications when several types of grain are stored in a single location because it could eventually lead to the evolution of highly generalized populations of T. castaneum, an important pest of stored products.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Iron transport ; Siderophores ; Pseudomonas putida ; Genetics ; Receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Root-colonizingPseudomonas putida WCS358 enhances growth of potato in part by producing under iron-limiting conditions a yellow-green, fluorescent siderophore designated pseudobactin 358. This siderophore efficiently complexes iron(III) in the rhizosphere, making it less available to certain endemic microorganisms, including phytopathogens, thus inhibiting their growth. At least 15 genes distributed over five gene clusters are required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin 358. High-affinity iron(III) transport in strain WCS358 is initiated by an 86-kDa outer membrane receptor protein (PupA) which appears to be specific for ferric pseudobactin 358. PupA shares strong similarity with TonB-dependent receptor proteins ofEscherichia coli, which suggests a TonB-like protein in strain WCS358 is required for iron(III) transport. Strain WCS358 possesses a second uptake system for ferric pseudobactin 358 and structurally diverse ferric siderophores produced by other microorganisms. A second receptor gene (pupB) responsible for iron transport from pseudobactin BN7 or pseudobactin BN8 has been identified. The production of this and certain other ferric siderophore receptor proteins requires that strain WCS358 be grown in the presence of these siderophores. An apparent regulatory gene required for the expression ofpupB is located adjacent topupB. Two positive regulatory genes have been identified which can independently activate, under low-iron(III) conditions, transcription of genes coding for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin 358.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Immunoglobulin allotypes ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Genetics ; Gm ; Km ; HLA-antigens ; Autoantibodies ; Clinical symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoglobulin heavy chain (G1m, G2m, G3m, A2m) and kappa light chain (Km) allotype and phenotype frequencies of 323 central European Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined and correlated with various genetic, serologic and clinical markers of SLE. No significant associations were found between immunoglobulin allotypes or phenotypes and all 20 parameters tested (nephritis, vasculitis, arthralgias, photosensitivity, discoid lesions, central nervous system disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, sex, anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-nRNP, HLA-DR1-DR7, HLA phenotypes B8-DR3, B7-DR2). It could therefore be assumed that Gm, A2m and Km allotypes were not associated with HLA-antigens and had no influence on the serologic and clinical expression of SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 62 (1991), S. 188-189 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Hemochromatosis ; Pyruvate kinase deficiency ; Hereditary anemia ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hemochromatosis has been reported in several patients with chronic hemolytic anemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency. We describe here a further patient with such an association and review the literature on the subject. We hypothesize that iron overload may occur in patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency who are also carriers of the hereditary hemochromatosis gene.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; diabetes mellitus ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; glucose-transport ; familial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and a strong family history of the disease may represent a sub-group where genetic factors play a pree-minent role in transmission of the disease. A defect in the liver/islet cell glucose transporter (GluT 2) could explain many of the pathophysiological features of the disease. In order to test the hypothesis that genetic variation at the GluT 2 locus contributes genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes, 60 unrelated Caucasian diabetic patients with at least one affected sibling were genotyped for a Taq 1 restriction fragment length polymorphism marker. Hybridisation with a cDNA GluT 2 probe identified two alleles of sizes 13 kilobase (T1) and 19 kilobase (T2). The allele frequencies in the diabetic group with a family history were significantly different from those in a racially-matched control population of 122 subjects with no personal or family history of the disease (diabetic patients T1=0.96, T2=0.04, control subjects T1=0.89, T2=0.11, p〈 0.03). However, when the study was repeated with 54 diabetic patients with indeterminate family history, statistical significance was not reached although the allele frequencies showed a similar trend. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that a genetic variant of the liver/islet cell glucose transporter may contribute to familial susceptibility in Type 2 diabetes.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA ; haptoglobin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidemiologic data suggest that having a parent with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus increases the risk for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in siblings of a Type 1 diabetes proband. This increase in risk is consistent with a shared genetic susceptibility between Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. We contrast genetic risk factors in three sets of families, consisting of (1) a single Type 1 diabetic child (proband) and non-diabetic parents, (2) multiple Type 1 diabetic siblings and non-diabetic parents, and (3) at least one Type 1 diabetic child and at least one Type 2 diabetic parent. Previous studies have demonstrated that HLA region genes, which elevate the risk in Type 1 diabetes, have no significant effect with respect to the risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. An earlier report cited a contribution by the haptoglobin locus to genetic susceptibility for Type 2 diabetes. We provide evidence that a high risk HLA antigen (HLA-DR3) is decreased to a greater extent in Type 1 patients with a Type 2 parent than in Type 1 patients in which the parents are not diabetic. The role of HLA-DR4 is maintained in these families, with an unexpectedly significant increased rate of transmission of the HLA-DR4 allele from Type 2 parent to Type 1 offspring. The role of haptoglobin in these families does not appear to be important, either with respect to association with diabetes or with respect to linkage with a secondary susceptibility locus. These results indicate that families with a Type 2 parent and Type 1 child, heavily determined by HLA-DR4 linked factors, may represent a homogeneous subset of diabetes susceptibility.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 86 (1991), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Daphnia ; Life-history ; Genetics ; Variation ; Maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Life-history traits of 101 clones from two populations of Daphnia magna were measured under controlled environmental conditions in the laboratory. Some individuals had four juvenile instars, others had five. This depended on their length at birth and on the population they came from. Females in the group with five juvenile instars were smaller at birth but larger and older at maturity than those with four juvenile instars. Within groups of females with equal numbers of preadult instars (instar groups) age and size at maturity increased with size at birth. This relationship differed significantly among instar groups for both age and size at maturity. Significant differences in age and size at maturity between two populations became non-significant when size at birth was used as a covariable in AN-COVA. Within populations, size at birth depended on the clone and on the parity of the clutch. First-clutch offspring were considerably smaller than those from later clutches. The results suggest that variability in life-history traits is common within and between clones, but that most of this variation can be accounted for by size at birth and the number of pre-adult instars.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 17-21 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: MK-801 ; Phencyclidine ; Ketamine ; CGP 39551 ; CGS 19755 ; NPC 12626 ; Locomotor activity ; Genetics ; NMDA/glutamate receptor complex ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of non-competitive (MK-801, phencyclidine, and ketamine) and competitive (CGP 39551, CGS 19755, and NPC 12626) N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on locomotor activity in inbred CBA and C57, and in outbred NMRI mice were examined. Administration of the non-competitive NMDA antagonists produced a dose-dependent increase in well-coordinated locomotor activity at lower doses, followed by a bizarre behavioral syndrome (head weaving, body rolling, rotations, ataxia) after higher doses. The pharmacological profile of the competitive antagonists CGP 39551, CGS 19755, and NPC 12626 was more complex. CGP 39551 dose-dependently inhibited locomotor activity, whereas CGS 19755 and NPC 12626 displayed a biphasic action, that is low doses inhibited locomotor activity, whereas higher doses produced mild behavioral stimulation. The behavioral effects of NMDA antagonists appear to be genetically determined, since CBA animals were most sensitive to both noncompetitive and competitive antagonists, followed by NMRI and C57 animals. The differential effects of NMDA antagonists in various strains of mice suggest that the observed behavioral differences may be due to genetic differences in the NMDA/glutamate receptor channel complex.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Carboxydotrophic bacteria ; Ribulosebis-phosphate carboxylase ; Phosphoribulokinase ; Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Genetics ; CO2 fixation ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Pseudomonas carboxydovorans ; Rhodospirillum rubrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heterologous gene probes derived from cfxLp and cfxPp genes of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 revealed the presence of structural genes encoding ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK) on the genome of carboxydotrophic bacteria. The two genes were found to be rather conserved. In Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 cfx genes reside on the plasmid pHCG3 and the chromosome as well, indicating that they are duplicated. Also in all plasmidharboring carboxydotrophic bacteria cfxL and cfxP structural genes were found to be plasmid-coded. Our results extend the list of carboxydotrophy structural genes residing on the plasmid pHCG3 and strongly support the idea that the components essential for the chemolithoautotrophic utilization of CO by Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 are plasmid-coded. A cfxL gene probe from Rhodospirillum rubrum did not detectably hybridize with DNA from any of the carboxydotrophic bacteria examined.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Habituation ; GABA ; Ethanol sensitivity ; Ethanol tolerance ; Genetics ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Habituation to a test environment following daily exposure for 5 days was examined in three genetically different strains of mice. C57 animals showed significant habituation to the new environment already on the second day. The habituation of NMRI mice was significant on the third day, whereas CBA mice showed no habituation at all during the experimental period. There was no difference between the animal strains in learning capacity in a passive avoidance test, but CBA mice displayed a significant increase in latency in their performance. When tested for sensitivity to the convulsant actions of GABAergic antagonists, picrotoxin produced seizures at lower doses in CBA as compared to NMRI and C57 mice, whereas there was no difference between the strains in the seizure activity produced by the specific GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline. When the animals were tested for sensitivity to ethanol in a horizontal wire test, ethanol (2 g/kg, IP) produced muscle relaxation in CBA mice whereas the performance of NMRI and C57 was not affected. A large dose of ethanol (4 g/kg, IP) produced a significantly longer sleeping time in CBA mice as compared to NMRI and C57 animals. Ethanol-produced hypothermia was, however, similar in all animals. Environment-dependent development of tolerance to ethanol following daily injections of ethanol for 4 days was examined. C57 mice showed the most rapid development of tolerance towards ethanol's hypnotic actions, whereas CBA mice showed no tolerance to this effect of ethanol. No difference between the strains to the development of tolerance to ethanol's hypothermic effects was observed. The present findings indicate that sensitivity to ethanol and ethanol tolerance are complex phenomena which cannot be adequately characterized by measuring only one single functional response to ethanol. The possibility that a genetically determined perturbation in the functions of the GABA receptor-coupled chloride channel, noted as variable sensitivity to picrotoxin, may be of importance for the observed disturbance in habituation to a new environment, for the different sensitivity to ethanol, and for the different rate of development of ethanol tolerance is discussed.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 240 (1991), S. 188-190 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Families ; Genetics ; Polydiagnostic approach ; Schizophrenia ; Swedish family complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A polydiagnostic computerized diagnostic system for psychosis was used in a Swedish family complex, and 51 patients with psychiatric symptomatology were examined with eight main diagnostic systems for schizophrenia and three systems for schizophrenic subgroups. All patients fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia according to Taylor et al., 50 according to Carpenter, 41 according to RDC, and 31 of the 51 according to DSM-III and DSM-III-R. The hypothesis that the patients in the Swedish family complex differ from other phenotypes of schizophrenia must be refuted based on the data of the present study.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1991), S. 24-32 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Growth curve ; Body weight ; Chickens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic improvement in growth of poultry has traditionally proceeded via selection for body weight at a fixed age. Due to increased maintenance costs and reproductive problems of adult broiler breeders, the potential for genetic manipulation of the growth curve has been receiving increased interest. Research of both male and female progeny of a three-way diallel cross was used to investigate the inheritance of growth curve parameters. The Laird form of the Gompertz equation was used to determine growth curve parameters, and was suited to the juvenile growth data frequently collected from meat-type chickens. Growth rate exhibited significant heterosis due to both autosomes and the sex chromosomes. Age at inflection point also exhibited significant average heterosis, though only among females. Growth rate was also influenced by average line effects, as was age at inflection point. Maternal effects had no influence on growth curve parameters, while additive sex linkage was observed for growth rate. Phenotypic and genetic correlations were calculated among the growth curve parameters and suggest that specific breeding programs could alter the growth trajectory of the contemporary broiler chicken. Moderate heritabilities were observed for the growth curve parameters and support the hypothesis that the growth curve could be altered via genetic manipulation of early postnatal growth, especially during the first 14 days post-hatch.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 761-764 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rye ; Male sterility ; Genetics ; Gene location ; Trisomies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetics and relationships between the genes in rye located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the male sterility of the G-type were investigated. A factor inducing male sterility was found in the cytoplasms or rye cv Schlägler alt and rye cv Norddeutscher Champagner. Monogenic inheritance was observed in linkage tests. Using primary trisomies of rye cv Esto, the nuclear gene ms1 was found to be located on chromosome 4R. Modifying genes, probably masked in normal cytoplasm but expressed in male-sterility-inducing cytoplasm together with gene ms1, were located on chromosomes 3R (ms2) and 6R (ms3). Mono-, di-, and trigenic inheritance types were found in backcross progenies of trisomies.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 50-58 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Vicia faba ; Legumin ; Vicilin ; Structure ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Legumin and vicilin were purified from seeds of Vicia faba L. var. Scuro, characterized in different electrophoretic systems, and used to produce polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Two-dimensional electrophoretic studies showed a wide range of heterogeneity in the subunits of both legumin and vicilin. Legumin was found to be composed of 29 disulphide-linked subunit pairs with different molecular weight and/or isoelectric point. Western blot analysis of legumin of several mutants revealed molecular polymorphism based on a corresponding gene family. Three different α-major legumin patterns were found, and inheritance studies showed that the 34.3-kD legumin polypeptide is the product of one locus, Lg-1α, which is the first legumin genetic locus described in Vicia faba. Vicilin was found to be composed of as many as 59 subunits distributed in a molecular weight range of 65.7 to 42.8 kD (major polypeptides) and 37.2 to 15.2 kD (minor polypeptides), with different isoelectric points. A model is proposed that explains the possible formation of the minor subunits and the major subunits of 48.2 and 46 kD molecular weight (MW) from proteolytic cleavages and/or glycosilation of precursor polypeptides. Ten different vicilin electrophoretic patterns were observed among the analyzed accessions, which showed large molecular polymorphism that proved to be under genetic control.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 771-776 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; RFLP ; α-Amylase ; Genetics ; Isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rye α-Amy1, α-Amy2, and α-Amy3 genes were studied in the cross between inbred lines using wheat α-amylase cDNA probes. The α-Amy1 and α-Amy2 probes uncovered considerable restriction fragment length polymorphism, whereas the α-Amy3 region was much more conserved. The numbers of restriction fragments found and the F2 segregation data suggest that there are three α-Amy1 genes, two or three α-Amy2 genes, and three α-Amy3 genes in rye. These conclusions were supported by a simultaneous study of α-amylase isozyme polymorphism. The F2 data showed the three individual α-Amy1 genes to span a distance of 3cM at the locus on chromosome 6RL. The genes were mapped relative to other RFLP markers on 6RL. On chromosome 7RL two α-Amy2 genes were shown to be separated by 5 cM. Linkage data within α-Amy3 on 5RL were not obtained since RFLP could be detected at only one of the genes.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 490-493 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases ; Prion disease ; Jews ; Libya ; Genetics ; Pathophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The focus of CJD among Jews of Libyan origin has been recognized for two decades, but the reasons underlying it were unknown. Prevailing views suggested transmission from sheep infected with scrapie. However, recent data show that in fact CJD in this ethnic group is a genetically determined disease due to a point mutation on the codon 200 of the prion protein gene. The clinical characteristics of CJD in this group, and particularly the less common periodic activity in the EEG, are reviewed. New findings include peripheral neuropathy of the demyelinating type in two cases, presumably due to involvement of Schwann cells. The pathophysiology of the disease includes, presumably, a focal post-translational modification of the prion protein, (predisposed by the mutation). Later, the disease progresses through cell-to-cell transmission.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 228 (1991), S. 361-371 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Plant ; Hormone ; Genetics ; Hypocotyl ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have isolated nine independent auxin-resistant mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia by culturing M2 seedlings in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid ethyl ester or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid at concentrations which significantly inhibit hypocotyl elongation of the wild type. The mutations were induced by treating seed with ethyl methanesulphonate and were found in the course of screening 10 000 individual M2 families. Auxin resistance was in all cases the result of a mutation at a single, nuclear locus. The dominance relationships of two of the mutants could be defined as recessive or dominant; all other mutants showed partial dominance. In contrast to previously described mutants of Arabidopsis and N. plumbaginifolia, all of the present mutants were specifically resistant to auxin; the mutants were cross-resistant to several auxins, but showed no increased resistance to cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene or 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. The importance of the choice of the selection criterion for the isolation of specific resistance traits is discussed.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Genetics ; catecholamine ; brain ; imprinting ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to compare catecholamine concentrations among three brain areas of four pureline populations of visually isolated chicks. The purelines used were a commercial male line, a fertility selected line, an unselected fertility control line, and unselected White Jersey Giants. In general, male chicks had significantly larger brain weights than females. Six catecholamine-related compounds (norepinephrine, epinephrine,l-DOPA, dopamine, DOPAC, and MHPG) were measured via HPLC-ECD. No significant differences in neurochemical concentration were observed for any line or brain area due to sex of the chick. The hypothalamus (HT) contained the greatest concentration of catecholamines in all lines, followed by the intramedial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) and optic tectum (OT). The HT exhibited consistent lateralization in all lines with the right HT containing ca. 30% more catecholamines than the left HT. While no consistent lateralization was observed among the other brain areas, the IMHV exhibited significantly different degrees of lateralization among the populations. Neuronal activity, as measured by MHPG:NE and DOPAC:DA ratio varied by line within each brain area. There were line differences for MHPG:NE in the HT, IMHV, and OT, while line differences for DOPAC:DA were observed in the HT. Since differences among purelines have been demonstrated in this study, care must be given to precisely define the genotype of chicks used in behavioral and neurochemical research.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Cauliflower ; Stalk rot ; Screening ; Genetics ; Resistance ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of resistance in cauliflower to stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) was investigated in population from six generations of six crosses. Disease incidence was recorded on 4 parents, 6 Fs 1, 6 Fs 2 and 12 back-crosses in a screenhouse under artificially created epiphytotic conditions. Resistance to stalk rot in this set of parents was found to be polygenic and under the control of recessive genes and due primarily to additive gene action. A breeding strategy emphasizing recurrent selection should lead to improvement in resistance.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Manganese-mediated cyclization ; Nine-membered carbocycles ; Manganese complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions of Transition Metal Organyl Complexes with Olefines, 31). - [4 + 5] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes to Tricarbonyl(η5-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienyl)manganeseTricarbonyl(η5-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienyl)manganese [1] reacts photochemically with the acyclic conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene [A], 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene [B], (E)-1,3-pentadiene (C), (E,E)-2,4-hexadiene (D), 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene (E), 2,4-hexadien-1-ol (F), and methyl 2,4-hexadienoate (G) in a formal [4 + 5] cycloaddition to give tricarbonylmanganese complexes with η3:2-2,6-cyclononadien-1-yl ligands (2A-2G). In addition, the reaction of 1 with A yields thermolabile [η3:2:2-1-(3-butene-1,2-diyl)-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-cyclononadiene]dicarbonylmanganese (3A) and E,E and E,Z isomers of [η3-1-(2-butene-1,1-diyl)-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-cyclononadiene]tetracarbonylmanganese (4A, 4A] as byproducts. Similarly, 1 reacts with B to form tetracarbonyl[η3-1-(3-methyl-2-butene-1,1-diyl)-1,3,6-trimethyl1-2,6-cyclononadiene]manganese (4B) in a side reaction. The crystal and molecular structures of tricarbonyl(η3:2-1,3,5,5,7-pentamethyl-2,6-cyclononadien-1-yl]manganese (2E) and of 3A are determined by X-ray structure analyses. In each of the formally octahedral complexes unusual long manganese-carbon bonds are found for one coordinated CC double bond of the hydrocarbon ligands.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (Borole)nickel complexes ; Nucleophilic substitution at boron ; 1H-Borole ; Dihydro-1H-borolediide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatives of Borole, XVI1), - Bis(borole)nickel Complexes2)The dilithium 1-(dialkylamino)dihydroborolediides Li2[C4H4-BNR2] 2a, b: R = Me, Et) react with NiCl2 · DME to give bis(borole)nickel complexes Ni(C4H4BNR2)2. Nucleophilic substitution reactions are used to produce a large variety of derivatives Ni(C4H4BR)2 1 (e.g. R = H, tBu, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, OMe). Treatment of Ni(C4H4BCl)2 (tg) with LiO(CH2)3OLi in THF produces a polymer and a dinuclear complex (μ-{η5:η5-[(CH2)3(OBC4H4)2]}2Ni2 (3) which crystallizes from CH2Cl2 as solvate 3 · CH2Cl2. The complexes 1g and 3 · CH2Cl2 are characterized by X-ray diffraction work. Barriers to internal ring-ring rotation are measured by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy. The B - H bond of Ni(C4H4BH)2 (1a) is remarkably inert and does not react with H2O or with carboxylic acids in THF at room temperature. With PhCHO slow formation of the benzyloxy compound Ni(C4H4BOCH2Ph)2 (1 m) is observed at 100°C. For typical complexes such as the phenyl derivative 1e cyclic voltammetry in CH2Cl2 reveals an irreversible oxidation at 1.32 and a quasi-reversible reduction at -1.37 V vs. SCE.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Borole complexes ; {η5-[1-(Diisopropylamino)borole]}metal complexes, internal rotation of, protonation of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatives of Borole, XVII1). - {η5-[1-(Diisopropylamino)borole]}metal Complexes: Syntheses, Protonation, Internal RotationNew complexes M(CO)4L (M = Cr, W), cis-M(CO)2L2 [M = Mo, W (not isolated)], and (COD)NiL have been prepared from the Diels-Alder dimer L2, where L is 1-(diisopropylamino)borole, C4H4BNiPr2. Complexes of L can be protonated at the nitrogen atom to give stable salts such as [Cr(CO)4(LH)]BF4, [Fe(CO)3(LH)]BF4, [(C6Me6)Ru(LH)]BF4, and [CpCo(LH)]BF4; B  -  N bond dissociation is not observed. Barriers to internal rotation have been determined by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy for Cr(CO)4L, (COD)NiL, and NiL2. Three processes have been identified: rotation of the NiPr2 group around the B  -  N bond, gear-mesh rotation of the isopropyl groups around the C  -  N bonds, and rotation of L with respect to the counter ligands.
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenocarbonyl compounds, perfluorinated ; 1,3-Diselenetanes, perhalogenated ; 2-Selenabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes ; 1,3-Diselenetan-2-ylium hexafluoroarsenates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of (Perfluoroalkyl)halogeno-1,3-diselenetanes from the Corresponding Selenocarbonyl Fluorides and Reactions with Boron Trichloride or Arsenic Pentafluoride1)Reactions of Hg(SeRt)2 (Rt = C2F5, C3F7, CF3) with (C2H5)2 All or All3 in octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane produce the unstable perfluoroalkaneselenocarbonyl fluorides 1 [R1 = CF3 (1 a), C2F5 (1 b), CF3Se (1 c)]. These compounds are very reactive and polymerize to rubberlike products. On heating the polymers decompose almost quantitatively to the monomers or dimers. In CFCl3 solution 1 dimerizes at 20°C in sunlight to the corresponding cis/trans-1,3-diselenetanes 2. The structure of 2 b is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Different selenocarbonyl derivatives add to unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diselenetanes 3. 1 a and 1 b react with cyclopentadiene to form the [4 + 2] cycloaddition products 4a and 4c. Halogen exchange reactions take place between 2a  -  d and BCl3. The cis-isomers react much faster than the trans-isomers to give a mixture of cis-, trans-forms of 5. When 2c,d is treated with BCl3 it is possible to isolate and characterize the pure trans-isomer 2d, which is separated by preparative gas chromatography from 5c,d. Fluorine abstraction with formation of 1,3-diselenetan-2-ylium ions (6a  -  f) are accomplished by reactions of 2 or 3 with AsF5 in SO2.
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 87-88 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkylidenesulfur difluoride oxide ; Carbon-sulfur double bond ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hg[C(COF) = SF2 = O]2 is prepared by the reaction of FCO — CH = SF2 = O with HgF2. This compound represents the third known example of an alkylidenesulfur difluoride oxide. Its molecular structure is the same as that of the most abundant of the three isomers of FCO-CH = SF2 = O. This is assumed to be the result of weak intramolecular Hg… O contacts. With the exception of the fluorine atoms bound to sulfur, all atoms lie approximately in one plane.
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 103-109 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Asteranes ; Cage compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asteranes, XXII1).  -  Synthesis of a Double Tetraasterane: Nonacyclo[10.8.0.02,11.04,9.04,19.06,17.07,16.09,14.014,19]eicosane1,4,5,8-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (9) is dimerized by UV light in dioxane yielding four isomeric [2 + 2] adducts whose methyl ester derivatives are elucidated spectroscopically. The structures of the major products 14 and 16 have been confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Degradation of the carboxylic groups of 14 afforded the title compound 5.
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  • 26
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fluoro compounds, aromatic ; Nitrite exchange by fluoride ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Aromatic Fluoro Compounds by Nucleophilic Exchange of Nitro Groups by FluorideThe synthesis of aromatic fluoro compounds from the respective nitro compounds by nucleophilic substitution of nitrite by fluoride is described. Reasonable yields in case of nonactivated nitro compounds are only obtained if the nitrite formed in the reaction is eliminated by acylation. 1-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzene (2) was obtained from 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1), and 1-fluoro-3,5-dinitrobenzene (9) as well as 1,3-difluoro-5-nitrobenzene (10) from 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (8) in yields up to 92% by reaction of nitro compounds with potassium fluoride in sulfolane at 180 - 200°C in the presence of phthaloyl dichloride (6); 1,2-difluoro-4-nitrobenzene (12) was formed in 58% yield from 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (11) in the presence of pyromellitoyl tetrachloride (13).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 27
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphines, tetrakis(diisopropylamino) ; Phosphinous anhydrides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Bis[bis(diisopropylamino)phosphino]chalcogenidesPhosphorodiamidous chalcogeno-anhydrides [(R2N)2P]2X (R = Me2CH; X = S, Se, Te) (2a-c) have been obtained by insertion of elemental sulfur, selenium, or tellurium into the P-P bond of the corresponding diphosphane (1). The structure of 2a and 2c has been confirmed by an X-ray diffraction.
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  • 28
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fluorosulfonium salts, reaction with nucleophiles ; (Perfluoroakyl)(dimethylamino)sulfonium salts, preparation and structures of ; Methoxysulfinyl hexafluoroarsenate, alkylation with ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Perfluoroalkyl)(dimethylamino)sulfonium HexafluoroarsenatesMeN = S(CF3)2 (5) is alkylated by Me3O⊕ AsF⊖6 to Me2N-S(CF3)⊕2 AsF⊖6 (4). From 5 and MeOSO⊕ AsF⊖6 (6) MeOS(O)-N(Me)S(CF3)⊕2 AsF⊖6 (7) is formed as a relatively stable primary product. Decomposition of 7 gives the expected 4 only in poor yield. Nucleophilic substitution of the sulfur-bonded fluorine in CF3SF⊕2 AsF⊖6 (8) by Me3SiNMe2 yields CF3S(NMe2)⊕2 AsF⊖6 (9). Similarly, (CF3)2CFSF⊕2 AsF⊖6 (10) reacts with dimethyl(trimethylsilyl)amine to give (CF3)2CFS(NMe2)⊕2 AsF⊖6 (11). The structures of 4 and 9 are elucidated by X-ray analyses, and the influence of the substituents on the bonding is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 63-67 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dinuclear gold complex ; Silyl complex ; Gold-gold interaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition-Metal Silyl Complexes, 361).  -  On the Question of Gold-Gold Interactions in Ph2P[CH2]t(2)PPh2-Bridged Dinuclear Gold Silyl ComplexesDinuclear silyl gold complexes of the type dppm(AuSiR3)2 (1) or dppe(AuSiR3)2 (2) are prepared by the reaction of dppm-(AuCl)2 or dppe(AuCl)2 with two equivalents of LiSi(aryl)3 or LiSi(SiMe3)3 The complex dppe[AuSi(SiMe3)3]2 (2 c) exhibits crystallographic inversion symmetry, and therefore the distance between both gold atoms is a maximum. In dppm-(AuSiPh3)2 (1b) a gold-gold interaction between both gold atoms is observed [Au  -  Au 316.80(3) pm].
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  • 30
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclobutene, ring-opening ; Poly Diels-Alder reaction ; Molecules, double-stranded ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclobutene Ring Opening: A Useful Reaction for the Synthesis of Double-Stranded MoleculesSyntheses and ring-opening reactions of the compounds endo-5a - e and 9a - c, all containing cyclobutene rings, are described. From these experiments it is concluded that compound 9a is a useful AB-type Diels-Alder monomer for the synthesis of well-defined double-stranded molecules. The stereochemistry of the adducts endo-4b and endo-5d is determined by X-ray structure analysis.
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  • 31
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: α-Enones, regioselective 1,2-addition of dimethyl phosphite to ; Allylic rearrangement of dialkyl (1-hydroxy-2-alkenyl)phosphonates ; 1-Alkenylphosphonates, 3-acetyloxy- ; 1-Alkenylphosphonates, 3-hydroxy- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of Dialkyl Phosphites with α-Enones, I. - Synthesis and Allylic Rearrangement of Dimethyl (1-Hydroxy-2-alkenyl)- and (1-Hydroxy-2-cycloalkenyl)phosphonatesVarious β,γ-unsaturated α-hydroxyphosphonates 3 are prepared in good yields by NaOCH3-catalyzed regioselective 1,2-addition of dimethyl phosphite to acyclic and cyclic α-enones at -35°C. On acid-catalyzed acetylation, the allylic α-hydroxyphosphonates 3 (R1, R2 + H) rearrange under thermodynamic control; yielding the new 3-acetyloxy-1-(cyclo)alkenyl derivatives 8, from which the transposed allylic alcohols 11 are readily obtained. Using shorter reaction times, acetylation of compounds 3 affords mixtures of 1- and 3-acetylated products, 10 and 8, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 32
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2,3,6-Trioxypentafulvenes ; Keto-enol tautomerism ; Push-pull system ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of 2,3,6-trioxypentafulvenes with a free position at the ring are described, in which the protection of the C-3 hydroxy group as methoxy or acetoxy derivative has been required. The difference in the behavior of the title compounds in relation to the previously reported 1,4-disubstituted 2,3,6-trihydroxypentafulvenes 2a-e, which only exhibit enol forms, is discussed and attributed to the disappearance of the push-pull system formed by the C-3 enol group and the C-4 electron-withdrawing substituent.
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  • 33
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 233-235 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hexaoxacyclotriacontadodecaenes ; Macrocycles ; 2,2-Bis(2-furyl)propane ; 2,5-Bis[1-(2-furyl)-1-methylethyl]furan ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New O6 Macrocycles with 2,2-Bis(2-furyl)propane UnitsThe macrocycles 3a and 6 are prepared in 29 and 16% yield by cyclization of dilithiated 2,2-bis(2-furyl)propane (1) and 2,5-bis[1-(2-furyl) 1-methylethyl]furan (5), respectively, with ethyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate (2).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 34
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 237-240 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl cations ; Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements ; Alkyl-bridged ions ; Conformational effects ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rearrangements of 1,4,4- and 2,2,5-Trimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl Cations1,4,4-Trimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl cations (18) are generated from the tosylhydrazone 7, by nitrous acid deamination of the amines 6 and 8, and by acetolysis of the brosylates 21 and 24. The product distributions are but slightly affected by the configuration (exo vs. endo) of the leaving groups. The predominant product, 1,4,4-trimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]octan-exo-6-ol (11) is formed without significant redistribution of a 6-2H label. The degenerate Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of the parent bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl cation is virtually eliminated by the presence of two methyl groups at C-4. Enhanced conformational strain, raising the barrier to ring flipping, accounts for these observations. Minor products (12, 13) arise from a 7,6-hydride shift of 18, followed by Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. When the 2,2,5-trimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl cation (19) is generated directly from the tosylhydrazone 17, the tertiary alcohol 13 is obtained as the major product. The conformational barrier to Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement is compensated by the incipient stabilization of the tertiary carbocation 20.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 35
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2-Dihydropentalenes ; 1,5-Dihydropentalenes ; Rearrangements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient one-pot synthesis of 3-substituted 1-phenyl-1,2-dihydropentalenes from α,β-unsaturated ketones is described. These compounds can be rearranged to their 1,5-dihydro isomers using different methods such as acid catalysis and vacuum-flash thermolysis or by chromatography on alumina.
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  • 36
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Methylenephosphines ; Voltammetry, cyclic ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemical investigations on a selection of methylenephosphines 1 and related systems are reported. They are shown to possess an irreversible oxidation and reduction wave. An exception is diaminodiphosphene, which reversibly forms a radical anion. A relative ordering of frontier orbitals is possible, based on the redox properties of these systems.
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  • 37
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 321-327 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluororthocarbonates of potassium, rubidium, cesium ; Phase transitions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Crystal Structures of Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium Trifluororthocarbonate and a Remark Concerning the Barium Sulfate Type1)Crystals of potassium, rubidium, and cesium trifluororthocarbonate (9a, 9b, and 9c) have been grown by Ostwald ripening in CH3CN applying a COF2 pressure of 3 bar. According to X-ray single-crystal structure analysis, 9a, 9b, and 9c belong to the baryte-structure family with an pseudotetrahedral anion being dynamically disordered at room temperature. All of the title compounds undergo a phase transition into a monoclinic, completely ordered low-temperature form, which has been refined for 9c. The C - O bond seems to be shortened by polar interactions. The results obtained with 9a, 9b, and 9c at room temperature indicate that the type of disorder found in 9 might be generally present in baryte-type compounds.
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  • 38
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 339-345 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Photoadditions ; Caffeine derivatives ; Calculations, AM1 ; Diradicals ; Propellanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selectivities in Photoadditions with Multifunctional Caffeine DerivativesElectronically excited stilbene (21*), 4,4′-dichlorostilbene (1*), and 4,4′-dimethoxystilbene (18*) are trapped by caffeine derivatives 2, 13, or 22 with variable results. While 1* and 2 react predominantly at the imino double bond (substitutive and fragmentating additions), 1* or 18* and 13 produce mostly propellanes by [2 + 2] photocycloaddition, which hydrolyze or may be hydrolyzed. 21* and the relatively electron-poor compound 22 produce mostly propellanes, which always show a preponderance of the syn-10, anti-11 stereoisomers. These selectivities as well as the competition with reactions at the imino double bonds are rationalized on the basis of diradical mechanisms with the aid of semiempirical AM1 calculations. Earlier results on closely related transformations are also discussed.
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  • 39
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 377-381 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphorus compounds, organic ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; Arbuzov rearrangement ; Mechanism, SN2, SN1 ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition Reactions of Phosphorus Nucleophiles to BenzothieteTrialkyl phosphites 4 add to the o-quinoid form 2 of benzothiete (1) to yield the phosphonates 6. An intermolecular migration of an alkyl group from oxygen to sulfur is the most important feature of this transformation. The rearrangement - related to the Arbuzov reaction - can be avoided in a two-step process by the subsequent action of PCl3 and alcohol; thus the phosphonates 10 are generated. Analogous to 2 → 6, dimethyl phenylphosphinate (11) furnishes 13. In contrast, the cyclic esters 14a-d form 2:1 adducts, namely the 12- to 15-membered heterocyclic compounds 17a - d. An intramolecular rearrangement in a 1:1 adduct is only observed for the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepine 14e, a benzylic system which allows an SN1 process generating the 1,6,2-oxathiaphosphecine 18e. A similar rearrangement at a tertiary carbon center is prevented by the competitive addition of water (1 + 14f → 20).
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  • 40
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ozonolysis ; Cycloalkylidenecycloalkanes ; Dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes ; Thermolysis ; Photolysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes by Ozonolysis of Cycloalkylidenecycloalkanes on PolyethyleneOzonolyses of symmetrical (1b - d) and of unsymmetrical cycloalkylidenecycloalkanes (8a, b) afforded the dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes 4b - d and 9a, b, respectively. Their thermal decompositions gave mixtures of the cyclic ketones (3) and lactones (6). Photolyses afforded in addition to 3 and 6 the cyclic anhydrides 13, which are isomeric with the corresponding dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes.
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  • 41
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 665-669 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Semideltic acid ; Cyclopropenylium cations ; Pseudooxocarbon anions ; Semideltate anions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pseudooxocarbon Anions of Semideltic AcidNovel pseudooxocarbon anions of semideltic acid (2) can easily be obtained by stepwise substitution of the dimethylamino groups of the cyclopropenium perchlorate 8. Treatment of 8 with cyanamide or malononitrile in the presence of triethylamine leads to the triafulvenes 9 and 13. Two cyanoimino groups are successfully introduced into the cyclopropenylium system by treating 9 with excess cyanamide/potassium ethoxide. Under the same conditions malononitrile reacts with 13 to yield the potassium salts 14 and 17. The thioamide 26 of semideltic acid is obtained by treating the triphenylphosphonium salt 24 with H2S/pyridine and subsequent hydrolysis of the intermediate 25. With the anions of cyanamide or malononitrile ring-opening reaction of the cyclopropenylium system of 24 occurs to yield the push-pull phosphonium salts 28 and 29.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ethylene-bridged metal complexes ; Ethanediyl complexes ; Manganese, Rhenium, Ruthenium, Osmium carbonyls ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrocarbon-Bridged Metal complexes, XVIII. - Heterometallic Ethylene-Bridged Complexes (OC)5ReCH2CH2Mn(CO)5, (OC)5ReCH2CH2Ru(CO)2Cp, (OC)5ReCH2CH2Os(CO)4CH2CH2Re(CO)5 and (OC)5ReCH2CH2CH2Os(CO)4Os(CO)4(CO)4Os(CO)4CH2CH2Re(CO)5Addition of [(OC)5Re(C2H4)]+ to the carbonylmetallates [Mn(CO)5]-, [RuCp(CO)2]-, [Os(CO)4]2-, [Os3(CO)12]2- affords the title complexes in a directed way. The dynamic behaviour of (OC)5ReCH2CH2Mn(CO)5 in solution is attributed to a dyotropic exchange of the pentacarbonylmetal groups on the CH2CH2 bridge.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [2.2.2]Paracyclophane ligand ; (η6)π Complexes ; Arsenic(III) complexes ; Antimony(III) complexes ; Bismuth(III) complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arsenic(III), Antimony(III), and Bismuth(III) Trihalide Complexes of [2.2.2]Paracyclophane: From Weak van der Waals Coordination to Strongly Directional π Complexation with Single or Double External η6 Coordination[2.2.2]Paracyclophane forms the adducts C24H24·AsCl3 (1), C24H24·(SbCl3)2·1/2 C6H6 (2), and C24H24·(BiCl3)3·C6H6 (3). For solutions in polar solvents NMR spectra indicate extensive dissociation and/or fluxionality. In the crystals adduct 1 features a weak addition of the AsCl3 molecule to one open side of a paracyclophane molecule with long intermolecular contacts approaching C3v symmetry. - Crystalline 2 shows SbCl3 coordination to two of the benzene rings of the hydrocarbon in a quasi-centered η6 mode, while one of the benzene rings remains uncoordinated. Chlorine-bridging between antimony atoms leads to tetrameric units (SbCI3)4 in the lattice. - In the bismuth compound 3 each benzene ring of the hydrocarbon is engaged in centroid (η6)π complexation, with the BiCl3 units crosslinked by chlorine bridges. The average of the Bi-ring distances (3.08,2.98, and 2.99 Å) is shorter than for the Sb-ring distances in 2 (3.047 and 3.050 Å), indicating stronger bonding. The crystal benzene is not coordinating.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallacyclic organoaluminium, -gallium and -indium compounds ; MOVPE precursors ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intramolecularly base-stabilized four-coordinated metallacyclic organoaluminium, -gallium, and -indium compounds C5H10-Al(CH2)3NMe2 (4), C4H8Ga(CH2)3NMe2 (5), C5H10Ga(CH2)3N-Me2 (6), C5H10GaCH2CH(Me)CH2NMe2 (7), C4H8Ga(CH2)4NMe2 (8), C5H10Ga(CH2)4NMe2 (9), EtAl[(CH2)3]2NMe (10), MeGa-[(CH2)3]2NMe (11), EtGa[(CH2)3]2NMe (12), MeIn[(CH2)3]2NMe (13), and (14) have been synthesized by the reaction of [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium dichloride (1), [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]gallium dichloride (2), [3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl]gallium dichloride (3), or [4-(dimethylamino)butyl)gallium dichloride with the respective bis-Grignard reagents or by the reaction of the organometal dichlorides RMCl2 with bis[3-(chloromagnesio)propyl]methylamine or with N,N′-bis[3-(chloromagnesio)propyl]-N,N′-dimethyl ethylenediamine. Aluminium or gallium trichloride reacts with tris[3-(chloromagnesio)propyl]amine to give Al[(CH2)3]3N (15) and Ga[(CH2)3]3N (16). The 1H-, 13C-NMR and mass spectra of the new compounds as well as the X-ray crystal structure of 16 are discussed. 4, 6, and 12 have been tested successfully as MOVPE precursors.
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  • 45
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1143-1148 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ironcarbonyl complexes ; ortho-Metallation ; o-Semidine rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron Carbonyl Induced o-Semidine Rearrangement of 1-Alkyl-2-aryldiazenesIrradiation of pentacarbonyl iron in the presence of Me3C - N=N - Ar (Ar=phenyl, p-tolyl, p-CH3OC6H4) produces in the first step ortho-metallated complexes of the type Me3C - N - N(H)RC6H3Fe(CO)3Fe(CO)3 (2a-c, R=H, Me, MeO). In a thermal consecutive step these intermediates undergo an o-semidine rearrangement to Me3C - NFe(CO)3 - Fe(CO)3N(H)RC6H3 (1a-c). The structure of 1a has been elucidated by X-ray structure analysis. Dynamic 13C-NMR spectra indicate restricted rotation of the Me3C group and hindered carbonyl scrambling for the latter and former complexes, respectively.
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  • 46
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1161-1162 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Semiconductor ; Photocatalysis ; Carbon dioxide ; Formate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon dioxide is catalytically reduced to formate in a suspension of zinc sulfide in water/2,5-dihydrofuran when irradiated (λ ≥ 290 nm). Turnover rates are in the range of 1.5 monolayers CO2/h. No reaction occurs at pH=12, and a very slow one at pH=3.2,5-Dihydrofuran functions as reducing agent which is oxidized to dehydro dimers. When it is substituted by 2-propanol, no CO2 reduction is observed. Semiconductor photocatalysis by a two-electron transfer from zinc sulfide to adsorbed hydrogen carbonate is assumed as the key step of CO2 fixation.
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  • 47
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1181-1186 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stereoselective cyclizations ; Ethers, cyclic ; Dipolar cycloaddition ; Nitro olefins ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convenient conversion of aldehydes via nitroolefins 2 into cyclic ethers 6 fused to an isoxazoline ring involves formation of unsaturated nitroalkyl ethers 4 and subsequent intramolecular cycloaddition of an in situ-formed nitrile oxide olefin. The cyclization proceeds with stereoselective formation of trans over cis isomers in the tetrahydrofuran series and opposite stereoselectivity in the tetrahydropyran and hexahydrooxepine series, depending on the substituent R in the original nitro compound, thus providing access to stereoselectively functionalized cyclic ethers.
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  • 48
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1223-1227 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cesium effect ; Clathrate ; Cyclophanes ; Acetylene, diphenyl ; Rigid-group principle ; Tolane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intra- and Extraannularly Functionalized [2.2.2]Phanes: Syntheses and PropertiesThe severely strained new cyclophanes 7b-f, consisting of bridged tolane subunits and bearing intraannular substituents R, were prepared mainly to study steric interactions of R with the “π cloud” of the triple bond. These compounds exist in a rigid twisted conformation, whereas the unsubstituted reference compound 7a and the extraannularly functionalized azo compound 9 show C2 symmetry. 9 forms a 1 : 1 clathrate with toluene.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbenoids ; Bromine-lithium exchange ; Asymmetric induction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bromine-lithium exchange in 1,1-dibromo-3-(trimethylsilyl-oxy)alkanes 4 and 6 affords the carbenoids 8 and 14, which have been added to ketones, aldehydes, arylboronates, and silylating agents. Diastereoselectivity in the generation and trapping of the carbenoids ranged between 70 - 90% for 8 and 〉90% for 14.
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  • 50
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1271-1289 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dibenzo compounds, rigid face-to-face ; Photocycloadditions, [6 + 6] Benzo, Benzo ; Pagodanes, 4,9,14,19-tetrafunctionalized ; Functional Group Manipulations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various 4,9,14,19-tetrafunctionalized pagodanes are prepared by a de novo route commencing from appropriately substituted isodrin analogues (3, 4). With the 14,19-dimethoxypagodane-4,9-dicarboxylic esters 30/31, isolated after 16 one-pot operations (ca. 40 functional changes) in ca. 6.5% overall yield (ca. 84% per operation, ca. 93% per functional change), the scope for further functional group manipulations on the pagodane sphere is explored (e.g. diketone dicarboxylic ester 35, dimethoxy diketone 37, tetraketone 41). In two face-to-face dibenzo substrates (17, 49), clean photoequilibration with the corresponding syn-o,o'-dibenzo isomers (19, 50) (75: 25 and 80: 20, resp.) is observed upon direct excitation (λ=254 nm).
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  • 51
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1311-1312 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anthracene adducts ; Sulfine, chloro(trichloromethyl)- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Chloro(trichloromethyl)sulfine, Cl3C(Cl)C=SOThe unstable trichlorothioacetyl chloride (2) could be trapped by a Diels-Alder reaction with anthracene to form the adduct 3, which in turn could be oxidized to the corresponding sulfine adduct 4. Finnaly, chloro(trichloromethyl)sulfine (5) was prepared in good yield by vacuum thermolysis (retro Diels-Alder reaction) of 4.
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  • 52
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1207-1213 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diazirines ; Phosphaalkynes ; Carbenes ; Phosphirenes ; [2 + 1] Cycloaddition ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organophosphorus Compounds, 48. - 1-Halogen-1H-phosphirenes from Phosphaalkynes and ChlorocarbenesHalogen-substituted carbenes (7a - i), generated by thermolysis of diazirines (11a-i), add onto phosphaalkynes (8a-c) to form the title compounds (10a-1). Initially formed 2H-phosphirenes (9) could not be detected as their subsequent conversion to the 1H-isomers 10 by a 1,3-halogen shift is very fast. Hydrolysis of 10c,e,g-i and k yields vinylphosphonous acids (17a - e). 1-Chloro-1H-phosphirenes are transformed by nucleophilic substitution into fluoro (10a,c,e → 19a-c), bromo (10c,e → 20a,b), and iodo analogs (10c,e → 21a,b) with the help of silver tetrafluoroborate, trimethylsilyl bromide, and trimethylsilyl iodide, respectively. A crystal structure analysis of 10c is reported.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbene complexes of chromium and tungsten ; 1-Metalla-1,3,5-trienes ; 1-Metalla-1,3-dien-5-ynes ; Insertion of alkynes into M=C and C=C bonds ; [2 + 2] Cycloaddition reactions of carbene complexes and alkynes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes, 51. - 1-Metalla-1,3,5-trienes and 1-Metalla-1,3-dien-5-ynes of Chromium and Tungsten by Insertion of Alkynes into M=C and C=C Bonds of 1-Metalla-1,3-dienes and 1-Metalla-1-en-3-ynes, respectively1-Metalla-1,3,5-trienes LnM=C(NEt2)-C(Me)—C(OEt)-CH=CHPh (3,4) and LnM=C(OEt)- CH=C(NEt2) - C(Me)=CHPh [5, LnM=Cr(CO)5 (a), W(CO)5 (b)] are obtained for the first time from the corresponding 1-metalla-1,3-dienes LnM=C(OEt) - CH=CHPh (1a, b) under very mild conditions by the insertion of the electron-rich alkyne Et2N-C ≡ C - Me (2) into the M=C and the C=C bonds, respectively, of 1. The chelate complex (6b) and the cyclobutenyl carbene complex 7b are isolated as minor side products. 1-Metalla-1,3-dien-5-ynes LnM=C(NEt2) - C(Me)=C(OEt) - C ≡ CPh [9, 10, LnM=Cr(CO)5 (a), W(CO)5 (b)] are formed with high regio- and stereoselectivity on insertion of 2 into the M=C bonds of 1-metalla-1-en-3-ynes 8. X-ray data are given for the tungsten complex 3b.
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  • 54
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1265-1270 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gas-phase pyrolysis ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Carbonates ; Alkyl migration ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas-phase pyrolysis of dimethyl carbonate and its mono-, di-, and trithio analogs has been performed in the temperature range from 1253 to 1404 K applying the gas phase Curie-point pyrolysis technique. Real-time analyses have been carried out by means of mass-spectrometric techniques. The possible isomerizations of the ester functions have been studied by collisional activation mass spectrometry in combination with appropriate D, 18O, and 34S labeling. It is demonstrated that methyl group migrations can be induced pyrolytically in cases where oxygen-to-oxygen or oxygen-to-sulfur isomerizations are involved; in contrast, sulfur-to-oxygen as well as sulfur-to-sulfur isomerizations apparently do not take place.
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  • 55
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 56
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1379-1395 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Vinyl anions, chiral ; Umpolung ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The vinyllithium reagent 13 and its enantiomer are generated by a bromine/lithium exchange reaction starting from dibromoalkenes 11 and 12, both available from the corresponding enantiomer of alkyl lactate. When 13 is allowed to react with aldehydes or with acetophenone, a highly stereoselective addition to the Re face of the carbonyl compounds occurs to give predominantly the diastereomers 15. Alkenes 25a,c, accessible by another bromine/lithium exchange reaction of 15a,d and subsequent protonation, can be cleaved by ozonolysis followed by reduction to afford carbinols 27a, b in 〉 98% ee. The sequence corresponds to a stereoselective introduction of a methanol d1 synthon (⊖CH2OH) or, as shown by other examples, of acyl and formyl d1 synthons (⊖CRO and ⊕CHO) into prochiral carbonyl compounds. As a consequence, 13 and its enantiomer may be regarded as highly stereoselective reagents for "carbonyl umpolung". A series of further vinyllithium reagents, 38a-g and 54/55, is treated with benzaldehyde, but none of those displays comparable enantiofacial selectivity. The prerequisites to the highly stereoselective reactions of 13 and its enantiomer are briefly discussed.
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  • 57
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1411-1414 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Propane-1,2,3-trione, 1,3-diphenyl- ; Electron diffraction ; Gas-crystal structure comparison ; Conformation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular structure of 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,2,3-trione (diphenyl triketone) has been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction at 130°C nozzle temperature. It has been found that the phenyl rings are nearly coplanar with the adjacent carbonyl groups, and the two Cph-C(O)-C(O)-C(O) dihedral angles are - 129.5 ± 0.8 and - 107.1 ± 0.8° (0° corresponds to the syn form). Bond distances (rg, Å) and bond angles (deg) with estimated total errors are C—H 1.105 ± 0.006, O = C 1.213 ± 0.003, 〈 Cph-Cph〉 1.404± 0.003, Cph-C(O) 1.478 ± 0.005, C(O)-C(O) 1.558 ± 0.004, Cph-C(O)-C(O) 120.0 ± 0.3, Cph—C(O)=O 120.8 ± 0.4, C(O)-C(O)-C(O) 117.3 ± 0.4, Cph-Cph(CO)-Cph 119.8 ± 0.6. Although there is a general agreement between the gas-phase and crystal molecular structures there are some notable differences. One of the benzene rings is slightly turned about the Cph-C(O) axis in the opposite direction in the gas molecule as compared to the crystal. This causes a marked shortening of the O… H intramolecular contact (to 2.18 Á) between the central oxygen and an ortho-hydrogen.
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  • 58
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1431-1434 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Proton transfer ; Fragmentation of rings ; Aryllithium ; Carbanions ; Imines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title carbanions 1 are shown to lose nitrogen to afford ortho-carbiminophenyl anions 4 which can be protonated by inter- or intramolecular proton transfer or react inter- or intramolecularly with other types of electrophilic center.
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  • 59
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1453-1460 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Shock tube technique ; Oxygen scavanger ; Heat of formation ; Allyl resonance energy ; Radical disproportionation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Heat of Formation of the Allyl and Methallyl RadicalThe decomposition of 1,5-hexadiene (1), 2-methyl-1,5-hexadiene (7), and 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene (5) into allyl- (2) and methallyl radicals (6) was studied by means of the shoke tube technique with and without oxygen as scavanger. From these data and from the temperature dependence of the equilibria 1 ⇌ 2 and 5 ⇌ 6, measured between 600 and 800°C, the heat of formation of the allyl (2) and methallyl radical (6) as well as the activation parameters for the recombination and disproportionation of these radicals have been deduced.
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  • 60
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1461-1470 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Allyl stabilisation energy ; Calculations, force field ; Rotational barrier, intrinsic ; Gas-phase kinetics ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rotational Barriers of Vinyl-Substituted OlefinesFor the vinyl-substituted olefines 1 - 14 activation parameters for the geometrical isomerisation have been determined in the gas-phase. By comparison of these barriers with the corresponding ones of the isolated double bonds, each corrected by the contribution of the steric energy to the ground and transition state, a value of 13.5 ± 1.1 kcal mol-1 for the allyl stabilisation energy (ASE), defined as replacement of alkyl by vinyl, has been derived.
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  • 61
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1471-1475 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Polyacetylenes ; Cross conjugation ; Alkenes, tetraethynyl ; π-Systems, planar ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Planar π-Systems, II1). - On the Preparation and Structure of Tetrakis(phenylethynyl)etheneThe preparation of tetrakis(phenylethynyl)ethene (1 b) has been repeated. Among various routes to this highly unsaturated cross-conjugated π-system, the dimerization of bromide 2 via the carbene 3 is the most simple one. Full spectroscopic data for 1 b are reported for the first time, as is its X-ray structural analysis at - 95°C.
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  • 62
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1485-1487 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Thioketenes ; Flash-vacuum pyrolysis ; Diels-Alder reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flash-vacuum pyrolysis of 2,4-bis(dichloromethylene)-1,3-dithietane (1) at 820°C furnishes dichlorothioketene (2a) which may be trapped with cyclopentadiene (3) in a [4+2] cycloaddition. The constitution 4a of the product is confirmed by an X-ray structural analysis of the related cycloadduct 4b.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Spirosilicates, zwitterionic ; Bond cleavage, Si - C ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis[2,3-naphthalenediolato(2 - )](pyrrolidiniomethyl)silicate Acetonitrile Solvate: Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Zwitterionic λ5-SpirosilicateThe zwitterionic spirocyclic bis[2,3-naphthalenediolato[2-)](pyrrolidiniomethyl)silicate (3) was synthesized and the crystal and molecular structure of its acetonitrile solvate 3 · CH3CN investigated. 3 was prepared by reaction of trimethoxy(pyrrolidinomethyl)silane (8) or dimethoxy(methyl)(pyrrolidinomethyl)silane (8) or dimethoxy(methyl)(pyrrolidinomethyl)silane (9) with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in acetonitrile. Reaction 9 → 3 involves a remarkable Si - C cleavage with formation of CH4. The pentacoordinate silicon atom of 3 · CH3CN is surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms and 1 carbon atom, the latter being in an equatorial position. The coordination polyhedron can be described as a distorted trigonal bipyramid (the structure is displaced by 20.5% from the trigonal bipyramid towards the square pyramid). The crystal lattice of 3·CH3CN contains centrosymmetric dimers of 3, built up by intermolecular N - H … O hydrogen bonds.
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  • 64
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1517-1520 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diiminosuccinonitrile ; 2H-Imidazoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemistry of Cyanogen: Reactions of Diiminosuccinonitrile (DISN) with Sulfenyl Chlorides, Chlorotrimethylsilane and Ring Closure to Trifluoromethyl-Substituted 2H-Imidazoles4,5-Dicyano-2-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-imidazole (1) is easily prepared by treating DISN with trifluoroacetic anhydride. In the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, however, the O-acylated derivative 2 is formed in excellent yield, while the reaction of 1 with chlorotrimethylsilane affords the O-silylated product 6. A bi-1,2,5-thiadiazole of the formula S2(CN)4Cl2 (5) is the final reaction product, when DISN is treated with sulfur dichloride in the presence of “naked” chloride ions. On the other hand the non-heterocyclic N-sulfenyl derivative 4 has readily been obtained, when DISN is treated with F3CSCl instead. Finally a procedure is described to convert DISN into the corresponding N-silylated diimine 3.
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  • 65
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1575-1577 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Oxidative coupling of cyclopentadienide anion ; Dihydrofulvalene, molecular structure ; Migration of trimethylsilyl group ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of 1,2,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyllithium with ferric chloride in THF at -95°C leads to the formation of a thermally sensitive iron(III) complex which decomposes to the new dihydrofulvalene derivative 3,7-dihydro-1,3,3,5,7,7-hexakis(trimethylsilyl)fulvalene (1).
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  • 66
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1677-1678 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienes, chiral ; Quinone adducts ; Diels-Alder reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Diels-Alder adduct obtained by addition of quinone to the chiral cyclopentadiene 2 undergoes regioselective and stereoselective reduction after hydrogenation. The 4-hydroxy ketone 3 thus formed yields the title compound 1 in a thermal retro Diels-Alder process.
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  • 67
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    Keywords: P - P bond ; Alkyne insertion ; Diphosphamolybdacyclopentene ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal-Containing Heterocycles: Preparation, Properties, Reactions, LXXV1).  -  Synthesis of a Diphosphamolybdacyclopentene by Alkyne Insertion into the P - P Bond of a DiphosphamolybdacyclopropaneInsertion of the alkyne RC≡CR (R = CO2Me) into the P - P bond of the diphosphamolybdacyclopropane (5-C5H5)-(OC)2Mo-PPh2-PAr (2) [Ar = 2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2] results in the formation of the thermally and kinetically stable diphosphamolybdacyclopentene (η5-C5H5)(OC)2Mo-PPh2-RC = CR-PAr (3), which is characterized on the basis of mass, IR, 31P{1H}-, 1H-, and 13C{1H}-NMR spectra.
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  • 68
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1733-1738 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phthalocyanine ; Ruthenium complexes ; Pyridines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soluble Bisaxially Substituted (Phthalocyaninato)ruthenium ComplexesSeveral attempts to prepare (tBu4Pc)Ru only led to an impure product (tBu4Pc)RuLx. This reacts quantitatively with pyridine to form (tBu4Pc)Ru(py)2, easily purified by chromatography. In addition the preparation of (tBu4Pc)RuL2 with L = pyridine, 2-picoline (2-pic), 3-picoline (3-pic), 4-picoline (4-pic), 2,5-lutidine (2,5-lut), and 2,6-lutidine (2,6-lut), respectively, is described. All complexes are characterized by spectroscopic methods including 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Not even in the cases of (tBu4Pc)RuL2 with L = 2-pic and 2,5-lut, a careful removal of the ligands L by thermogravimetric methods (TG/DTA) leads to pure (tBu4Pc)Ru. For comparison, the bisadducts PcRuL2 with L = pyridine, picolines (2-pic, 3-pic, 4-pic), lutidines (2,3-lut, 2,5-lut, 2,6-lut), and chloropyridines (2-Clpy and 3-Clpy), respectively, are prepared by treatment of PcRu with an excess of the ligand. For the first time (phthalocyaninato)iron complexes PcFeL2 with sterically hindered axial ligands, e.g. PcFe(2-pic)2, are prepared and characterized by 57Fe Mößbauer spectroscopy.
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  • 69
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1809-1817 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithiation ; Mannich reaction ; Alkylation ; Grignard reaction ; Condensation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenols and naphthols are benzotriazolylmethylated by 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzotriazole (13) (a formaldehyde derivative) in the o- or (if both o-positions are occupied) in the p-position. The reaction can be extended to other aldehydes in the case of the naphthols. The methylene group in the o-(benzotriazolylmethyl)phenols can be lithiated (but only after trimethylsilyl protection of the hydroxy group) and then substituted by various electrophiles. The benzotriazole residues in both the primary products and in their substituted derivatives can be displaced by the alkyl anions of Grignard reagents or by hydride ions allowing the elaboration of many new types of substituted phenols.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 70
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1827-1830 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopropannelation ; Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To facilitate the synthesis of tetracycles containing the framework 2, the reaction of the tetrabromide 8 with cyanide and bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane under various conditions was investigated. Instead of the expected twofold bridging, novel cyclopropa derivatives were obtained. Product formation is a consequence of the stereochemistry of the starting material 8, with the exo configuration of the bromomethyl substituents being the crucial factor.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1837-1843 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: β-Hydroxycarboxylic acids, α-alkylation of ; EPC synthesis ; 1,3-Dioxan-4-ones, enolates of ; Enolates, naked ; Schwesinger's base ; Phosphazene P4 base ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enolates A of the dioxanones specified in the title, when generated with lithium amide bases, can only be alkylated with highly reactive electrophiles, and only once. With Schwesinger's t-Bu-P 4 base (a very strong, so-called neutral base, containing 4P and 13N atoms capable of bearing a positive charge in the conjugate P4H+ cation) the dioxanone 1 can be doubly alkylated even with iodobutane (products 16, 17). The 5,6-dimethyl- and 5-benzyl-6-methyldioxanone 2 and 3 can be alkylated diastereoselectively with the formation of quaternary centers at C(5) (products 4, 8 - 14). In one case, the configuration of the product 4 obtained was determined by conversion to a β-lactone 6 and an olefin 7 (a previous assignment had to be revised). Even the 2,5,6,6-tetraalkyl-substituted dioxanone 19 could be further alkylated (→ 20 + 21). Five of the new alkylation products were hydrolyzed to the parent 3-hydroxy-carboxylic acids 5, 22  -  25. The enormous reactivities achieved with the inherently labile enolates and the P411+ counterions are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 72
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1845-1852 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid ; Aldol addition, regioselective, steric course of ; 1,3-Dioxin-4-ones, lithium dienolates of ; EPC synthesis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Dienolates from (R)-2-tert-Butyl-6-methyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one with Aldehydes and Ketones  -  a Chiral Acetoacetic Ester d4-Reagent
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  • 73
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1853-1863 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbenes ; Oxygen ylides ; Stevens rearrangement ; Oxonium ions ; Insertion, O - H ; Ylides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Carbenes with Oxetane and with Oxetane/Methanol MixturesEthoxycarbonylcarbene, bis(methoxycarbonyl)carbene, phenylcarbene (17a), diphenylcarbene (17b), fluorenylidene (17c), 2-furylcarbene (31a), 2-furyl(phenyl)carbene (31b), 4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene (40), and 4,4-dimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene (53) were generated by photolysis of the appropriate diazo compounds. With neat oxetane, most of these carbenes react by competitive C - H insertion (B → A, Scheme 1) and ylide formation (B → C). 31a and 40 do not insert into C - H bonds; 31b does not attack oxetane but rearranges exclusively with formation of 26. The ylides undergo Stevens rearrangement to give tetrahydrofurans (C → D) and α´,β-elimination, leading to allyl ethers (C → E). With oxetane/methanol mixtures, the intervention of oxonium ions (H) is indicated by the formation of 1,3-dialkoxypropanes (I). The oxonium ions arise either by protonation of the ylides (C → H) or by protonation of the carbenes (B → G), followed by electrophilic attack of the carbocations (G) at oxetane (G → H). The former route is followed by the alkoxycarbonylcarbenes and by 40; the ylides derived from the remaining carbenes do not react with methanol, owing to their rapid Stevens rearrangements. Protonation of the carbenes 17b, 31, and 53 is clearly indicated by their product ratios and, for 31, by the formation of isomeric ethers (33, 36). The more electrophilic carbenes discriminate but slightly between oxetane and methanol while the more nucleophilic carbenes (17b, 31,53) prefer the protic methanol strongly over the aprotic oxetane.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 74
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1871-1874 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conjugate addition ; Cuprates ; 1,3-Dienes ; Wittig reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 75
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1879-1880 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fluoromethanesulfonyl chloride ; Potassium fluoride ; Crown ether ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Introduction of fluorine into 4-chlorobenzyl chloromethyl sulfide (7) by crown-ether-assisted nucleophilic substitution furnishes 4-chlorobenzyl fluoromethyl sulfide (5), a key intermediate for the preparation of fluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (1).
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  • 76
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1881-1884 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dioxastannolane ; Carbon disulfide ; Isothiocyanate ; Cycloaddition, stereospecific ; Lewis base ; 1,3-Dioxolane-2-thione ; 1,3-Dioxolan-2-imine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,3-Dioxa-2-stannolanes 1 are readlily activated by Lewis bases such as Bu3P and Et3N to give cycloadducts on reaction with carbon disulfide or phenyl isothiocyanate under mild conditions. In particular, bases play a characteristic role in the reaction with carbon disulfide to produce 1,3-dioxolane-2-thiones 2 in good yields, while spiro compounds 3 (1:2 adducts) are predominantly obtained in the absence of bases.
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  • 77
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1889-1893 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Clusters ; Rhodium complexes ; Hydroformylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large Transition Metal Clusters, VIII. - How Do Supported Rh55 Clusters Behave in the Hydroformylation Process?Two-shell rhodium clusters of the type Rh55L12Clx [L = P(tBu)3, x = 20; L = PPh3, x = 6] can be anchored on TiO2 and Na- Y-zeolite. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), BET, and DSC investigations prove that the clusters, about 20 Å in diameter, are fixed on the entrances of the micropores of the supports. The supported clusters catalyze the hydroformylation of ethene and propene variously. During the hydroformylation of ethene without a solvent or in aqueous suspension the catalyst is inactive after a few cycles. However, there is no loss of activity even after 27 experiments if propene is hydroformylated in an aqueous medium.
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  • 78
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    Keywords: Selane, bis(sulfinylamido)- ; Diselane, trimethylsilyl- ; 1,3,4,2,5-Thiadiselenadiazolium ; 1,3,2,4-Thiaselenadiazete-Titanium tetrachloride ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Cyclothiaselenazenium Cations [[Se2N2S]22+, [XSe2N2S]+, [Se2N2S]2+, [S3SeN5]+as well as Cl2Se2N2S and SeSN2 and SeSN2 ṁ TiCl4Bis(sulfinylamino)selane (1), prepared from Se2Cl2 and (CH3)3SiNSO, reacts with Lewis acids such as MF5 (M = As, Sb, Nb) and BF3 to form bis(1,3,4,2,5-thiadiselenadiazolium) cations (3) with counter anions AsF-6 (3a), SbF-6 (3b), NbF-6 (3c), BF-4 (3d). Treatment of Se2Cl2 with LiN[Si(CH3)3]2 leads to [(CH3)3Si]2NSexN[Si(CH3)3]2 (x = 1, 2a: 2, 2b). From 2a and 2a and SeCl4 explosive Se4N4 is obtained. Chlorination of 3a and 3c gives [ClSe2N2S]+[MF6]- (M = As, 4a, and Nb, 4c). Analogous bromination of 3a provides [BrSe2N2S]+ [AsF6]- (4b). This type of chlorinated five-membered rings is also obtained directly from 1 and SbCl5 and PCl5 or SeCl4. The products isolated are [ClSe2N2S]+ [SbCl6]- (4d) and [ClSe2N2S]+Cl- (4e). - A covalent species 5, isomeric to 4e, is obtained from 1 and POCl3, and a four-membered ring SeSN2 ṁ TiCl4 (6) from 1 and TiCl4. When 3a or 1 is treated with a two- or threefold excess of AsF5 the stable dication [Se2N2S]2+ (7) is formed. It arises also from 4e and AgAsF6. Attempts to replace TiCl4 in 6 by AsF5 lead to [SeS3N5]+ [AsF6]- (8) with a bicyclic structure for the cation. X-ray structure analyses for 1, 4c, 4d, 4e, 5, and 8 are performed.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1941-1945 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium (di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)amide ; Cyclotetrasilazane ; 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trisilazane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminodi-tert-butylfluorosilane (CMe3)2 SiFNH2 reacts with BuLi in hexane to give the lithium derivative 1, which crystallizes from TMEDA with formation of the dimer 2 [(CMe3)2SiFNHLi(TMEDA)]2. LiF elimination from 1 or 2 leads to cyclodi- (3), -tri- (4), and -tetrasilazane (6). 3 is the main product of the LiF elimination from 2 and 4 the main product resulting from 1. Cyclotetrasilazane 6 is the most planar eightmembered Si-N ring known so far. Chain compound 5 is the direct precursor of 4. The crystal structures of 2, 5, and 6 are described.From the Lithium Derivative of Amino-di-tert-butylfluorosilane to Cyclodi-, -tri-, and -tetrasilazanes
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  • 80
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1953-1956 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trisilylmethane ; 1,1,1-Trisilylethane ; CVD feedstock gases ; Silicon carbide, hydrogenated, amorphous (a-SiC:H) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a precursor for trisilylmethane, tris(phenylsilyl)methane is prepared by a Merker-Scott reaction of chlorophenylsilane, bromoform, and magnesium turnings in boiling tetrahydrofuran. Chlorophenylsilane is formed in a new synthesis starting from phenylsilane and hydrogen choride/AlCl3 in diethyl ether. The gas phase structure of trisilylmethane (H3Si)3CH, obtained from (PhSiH2)3CH via (BrSiH2)3CH, has been determined by electron diffraction. Data refinement confirmed a model of C3 molecular symmetry, with local C3v symmetry for the silyl groups.  -  As a precursor for 1,1,1-trisilylethane, 1,1,1-tris(phenylsilyl)ethane has been prepared similarly from chlorophenylsilane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and magnesium and converted via 1,1,1-tris(bromosilyl)ethane into CH3C(SiH3)3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Imido ligands ; Molybdenum complexes ; Tungsten complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organometallic Imido Complexes - Higher Valent Derivatives of the d-Metal Acids, 1. - New Organometallic Imido Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten - Direct Introduction of the Cyclopentadienyl Group by Masking the High-Oxidation StateThe molybdenum(VI)bis(tert-butylimido) complex MO(NtBu)2-Cl2 is converted into the novel organomolybdenum(VI) derivative (η5-C5H5)MO(NtBu)2Cl (1) in excellent yield. The preparation of the pyridine complex W(NtBu)2Cl2py2 (2) provides a convenient starting material for an effective synthesis of the related complex (η5-C5H5)W(NtBu)2Cl (4).
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: π-Acceptor ; Charge-transfer complex ; 1,4-Benzoquinone diimine, N,N′-dicyan, 2,5-dimethyl- ; Tetrathiafulvalene ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multi-Step Redox Systems, LV. - Crystal Structure of the CT Complex 2,5-Me2-DCNQI/TTF from N,N′-Dicyano-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone Diimine and Tetrathiafulvalene and of the Acceptor 2,5-Me2-DCNQIThe crystal structure of the title compound is described and discussed in terms of a neutral non-conducting mixed-stack CT complex. X-ray data for the acceptor 2,5-Me2-DCNQI are given for comparison.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2091-2100 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Perylene ; Terrylene ; Quaterrylene ; Oligorylenes ; Oligo(1,4-naphthylene)s ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A homologous series of oligo(1,4-naphthylene)s from the binaphthyl 6 to the sexinaphthylene derivative 10 were synthesized successively. The Pd(O)-catalyzed reaction between aryl bromides and arylboronic acids was used as a coupling method. By appropriate choice of the stoichiometry, the method allowed isolation of the intermediates 20 and 21. Under the influence of potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane the 1,4-bridged naphthylenes 6 - 10 were partially cyclized to perylene and terrylene units. This anionic cyclization displayed a high regioselectivity. Complete cyclization to the oligorylenes 3b, 4b and 5b was achieved under the influence of AlCl3 and CuCl2 on the bichromophoric systems 24, 25 and 28. The synthetic sequence allowed substitution by tert-butyl groups, so that the oligorylenes 2b, 3b, 4b and 5b were amenable to spectroscopic investigations. The trends in absorption maxima and fluorescence are discussed.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2141-2143 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Sulfur-carbon compounds, bicyclic ; Titanocene chelate complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sulfur Compounds, 143.  -  Synthesis and Characterisation of the New Bicyclic Sulfur-Carbon Compounds C6H8S8, C4H4S7, and C4H4S8The reaction of Cp4Ti2C2S4 (1) with two equivalents of the bissulfenyl chloride 1,2-C2H4(SCl)2 affords the new bicyclic compound C6H8S8 (2). Treatment of 1 with one equivalent of SxCl2 (x = 1, 2) results in Cp2TiC2S5 (3) and Cp2TiC2S6 (4), respectively, which on reaction with 1,2-C2H4(SCl)2 give the asymmetric bicyclic polysulfides C4H4S7 (5) and C4H4S8 (6), respectively.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2181-2184 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stannyl complexes ; Oxidative addition of Sn - C bonds ; Phosphinoalkylstannanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition Metal Stannyl Complexes, 4.  -  Palladium and Platinum Complexes with Chelatting Phosphinoalkylstannyl Ligands by Oxidative Addition of Sn - C BondsReaction of (Ph3P)4Pd with two equivalents of Ph2PCH2CH2-SnR3 (R = Ph, Me) gives the Pd(II) stannyl complexes trans-Pd(PPh2CH2CH2SnR2)2 (2) by oxidative addition of two Sn - R groups and elimination of R - R. Products corresponding to earlier steps of the reaction are obtained by the reaction of (Ph3P)2Pt(C2H4) with Ph2P(CH2)nSnR3 (n = 2, 3). The phenylderivatives Ph2P[CH2]nSnPh3 afford the Pt(II) complexes (Ph3P)(Ph)PtPPh2[CH2]nSnPh2 (3), in which the two phosphorus atoms are cis-configurated, while Ph2PCH2CH2SnMe3 gives the Pt(IV) complex cis,cis,cis-(Me)2Pt(PPh2CH2CH2SnMe2)2 (3) as stable product.
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  • 86
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2203-2207 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iron, mono-, bis-, and tris(tricarbonyl) complexes ; 9,10-Diboraanthracene, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dimethyl- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mono-, Di-, and Tricomplexation of 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-dimethyl-9,10-diboraanthracene with Fe(CO)3 Complex FragmentsReaction of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dimethyl-9,10-diboraanthracene (1c) with (CO)3Fe(C8H14)2 gives green (CO)3Fe(η6-1c) (2c), red [(CO)3Fe]2(η4,η6-1c) (3c), and orange [(CO)3Fe]3(η4,η4,η6-1c)(4c). The constitutions of 2c, 3c, 4c are derived from NMR and MS data and confirmed by X-ray structure analyses. In 2c the Fe(CO)3 group is η6-bonded to the heterocycle of planar 1c. 3c is formed from 2c by complexation of the diene of the benzo ring in anti position. In 4c both benzo rings of 2c are η4-bonded to the Fe(CO)3 groups anti to the η6-bonded Fe(CO)3 group.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1-Alken-3-ynes ; Manganese(III) acetate ; Propargyl radical ; Ligand-transfer reaction ; Electron-transfer reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Control of the Propargylic Radical Stabilization by Carbon-Chain Length in Manganese(III)-Mediated Reactions of 1-Alken-3-ynes. - A Facile Synthetic Way to Long-Chain 4-Acetoxy-5-alkynoic AcidsBy investigation of reactions of 1-alken-3-ynes RC ≡ C - CH = CH2 4 with acetic acid/acetic anhydride, mediated by manganese(III) acetate, it has been found that the stabilization of propargylic radical adducts depends on the carbon-chain length of R in 4. R = C8H17 is shown to be the “critical” chain length when ligand transfer reaction appears to be the only way of stabilization of intermediates, thus providing a facile one-step access to long-chain 4-acetoxy-5-alkynoic acids. The dependence of the product ratios on the AcOH/Ac2O ratio has also been demonstrated.
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  • 88
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2057-2063 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conformation analysis ; Lithium compounds ; Schiff bases ; Imines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ether-solvated lithium derivative of pinacolone anil (2a) is shown to be a centrosymmetric dimer (1) by X-ray diffraction analysis. Each lithium atom is bound to two nitrogen atoms, to the oxygen atom of diethyl ether, and weakly to two carbon atoms of a phenyl ring, but not to the vinyl moiety of the enamide anion. Despite conformational deconjugation, 1 is methylated at the carbon atom by methyl iodide. 1H-NMR shifts of 1 in solution are solvent-dependent. The results are discussed with respect to the “syn effect” in 1-azaallyl anions. The molecular structure of the dianil 3 of 2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-3,6-octanedione shows that a CH proton may approach the π face of an aromatic carbon atom down to a nonbonding distance of 274 A without causing much strain.
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2075-2084 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,3-Butadienes, polyalkyl ; Allenes ; Rearrangement ; propargylic, SN2′ ; 1,3-Dienes, orthogonal ; Organocuprates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sterically Hindered Double Bond Systems, 2.  -  On the Preparation of Highly Substituted 1,3-DienesHighly alkylated 1,3-dienes may be prepared by treatment of 2-butyne-1,4-diol derivatives with organocuprates in good yield. Thus, the 2,3-dialkylated butadienes 6a - d are obtained by treating the diacetate 4 with two equivalents of the cuprates prepared from the Grignard reagents 5a - d with CuBr/LiBr. Analogously, meso-14 is converted into a mixture of the di-tert-butyl-2,4-hexadienes (Z,E)- and (Z,Z)-15. The procedure may be extended to the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-dienes by either treating the appropriate diacetates with two equivalents of the same cuprate as examplified by the conversion of 18 into 19a and 19b or by employing a stepwise approach in which only one reactive acetate leaving group is available for the cuprate reagent at any given time, thus allowing the change of the organometallic reagent in the course of the synthesis (preparation of the dienes 26 from the monoacetates 22). The mechanisms of these reactions as well as those of several reactions leading to sideproducts are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2113-2118 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Halo(trimethylsilyl)benzenes, carbodesilylation and elimination of ; Carbodesilylation ; Elimination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of Halo(trimethylsilyl)benzenes with Electrophiles and Bases - Carbodestlylation and Elimination as Competitive ReactionsElimination to dehydrobenzenes takes place as competitive reaction in the base-catalyzed carbodesilylation of 1-halo-2-(trimethylsilyl)benzenes 1 with carbonyl compounds 2 in the presence of furans 3, 6. Elimination is preferred with increasing leaving tendency of the halides (I 〉 Br 〉 〉 Cl 〉 〉 F) and with decreasing reactivity of the carbonyl compounds. Exclusive elimination to 1,2-didehydrobenzenes - which are trapped with furans - occurs in the reaction when no electrophiles are present.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2119-2125 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Didehydropyridines, synthesis of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Didehydropyridines from (Trimethylsilyl)pyridinesHalogen-substituted (trimethylsilyl)pyridines 2, 3, 5 - 7 and trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy-substituted (trimethylsilyl)pyridines 9b, 11b are obtained from 2- and 3-halopyridines 1, 4 or hydroxypyridines 8, 10, and 12. Reactions of the 3- and 2-(trimethylsilyl)pyridines 2,9b and 11b with bases in the presence of furans 15 give only protodesilylation or hydrolysis products but no indication is found for the formation of a 2,3-didehydropyridine. 3-Bromo-4-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine (5a) reacts with KOCMe3 in the presence of furan (15a) to give a mixture of products from which the isoquinoline derivative 20 and the tert-butoxypyridines 23, 24 are formed by addition to 3,4-didehydropyridine. Under comparable conditions far higher yields of 3,4-didehydropyridines are obtained by treatment of the 3-halo-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)pyridines 7 with strong bases.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2145-2146 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyridinium salts ; Ring opening, nucleophilic ; Retro-ene reaction, intramolecular ; 1H-Imidazo[1,2-α]pyrimidines, 2,3-dihydro ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Chloro-4,5-dihydroimidazole (1) reacts with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine to yield the stable pyridinium salt 2, which on treatment with some C  -  H acids produces 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-α]pyrimidines 6.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphametallacyclopropanes ; Isolobal building blocks ; Lewis basic behavior ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal-Containing Heterocycles: Preparation, Properties, Reactions, LXXVII. - Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Phosphametallacyclopropanes with Isolobal ER (E = N,P,As,Sb) and Fe(CO)4 Building BlocksThe phosphidometallates \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Li_2 \left\{ {\left[ M \right]\dddot - PPh_2 } \right\} $\end{document} {[M] = (η5-C5H5)M-(CO)2}, resulting from the metal hydride complexes H[M]PPh2H [M = Cr (1), Mo (2), W (3)] by reduction with nBuLi, react with the geminal dihalides RECl2 to give the three-membered phosphametallacyclopropanes [ER = NC6F5 (M = Cr (1a), Mo (2a), W (3a)), PPh (M = Cr (1b), Mo (2b), W (3b)), PC6H11 (M = Cr (1c), Mo (2c), W (3c)), P-tBu (M = Cr (1d), Mo (2d), W (3d)), P(2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2) (M = Cr (1e), Mo (2e), W (3e)), As(2,4,6-(tBu)3C6H2) (M = Cr (1f), Mo (2f), W (3f)), Sb-tBu (M = Cr (1g), Mo (2g))]. Reaction of Br2Fe(CO)4 with the corresponding dilithium compounds \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Li_2 \left\{ {\left[ M \right]\dddot - PPh_2 } \right\} $\end{document} affords the phosphido-bridged heterodimetallic complexes . According to X-ray structural analyses in 2a and 2f the P - E bond distances are shortened while the Mo - E bonds are significantly elongated compared to a single bond. (OC)5CrTHF is added to the Lewis basic E atom in 2b, 2d, and 2g with loss of THF to give P-tBu (4d), Sb-tBu (4g)]. By this reaction the antimony-containing ring 2g is kinetically stabilized. Because of the low basicity of the N atom in 2a no addition was observed. The ring skeleton of 4b and 4g, undergoes no change by Cr(CO)5 coordination as shown by X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2191-2195 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Heterodimetallic complexes ; phosphido-bridged ; Molybdenum complexes ; Rhenium complexes ; Proton exchange, isolobal ; Voltammetry, cyclic ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton Exchange in Re(CO)4(μ-H)(μ-PPh2)Mo(η5-C5H5)(CO)2 Against Cationic IB Metal Phosphane SpeciesDecacarbonyldirheniumreacts with hexacarbonylbis(η-cyclopentadienyl)dimolybdenum and diphenylphosphane to give Re(CO)4(μ-H)(μ-PPh2)Mo(η5-C5H5)(CO)2 (1) with a Mo  -  Re bond as ascertained by an X-ray structure analysis. The bridging H atom of the heteronuclear metal-metal bond in 1 is deprotaned with DBU. The redox condensation reaction of the obtained anion1 and triphenylphosphane IB metal cations gave Re(CO)4(μ-H)(μ-PPh2)Mo(η5-C5H5)(CO)2 [M = Au (2), Ag (3), and Cu (4)] containing an MReMo triangle. Their yields increase in the sequence of compounds 4 〈 3 〈 2. 1, 1-, and 2 were characterized by cyclovoltammetric measurements, NMR, IR, and UV/Vis spectra.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: A-Frame complexes ; SO2-bridged complexes ; S, SO, and SO2 ligands ; Insertion reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Sulfur-, Sulfur Monoxide-, and Sulfur Dioxide-Bridged Dimetallic Complexes of the Type [M(CO)(dppm)]2(μ-S)(μ-L) and [(CO)3M'(dppm)2MX](μ-L') (M = Rh, Ir; M' = Mo, W, Mn; L = SO, SO2; L' = S, SO2; X = Cl, CO)The homo- and heterodimetallic complexes [M(CO)(dppm)]2-(μ-S)(μ-SO2) (M = Rh, Ir) (2a, b), [(CO)3M'(dppm)2MCl](μ-SO2) (M' = Mo, W; M = Rh, Ir) (4a - c), and [(CO)3Mn(dppm)2- Rh(CO)] (6) by passing sulfur dioxide through their solutions. The X-ray structure analysis of 5a shows the SO2 ligand in a bridging position, whereas one CO ligand is semibridging. Treatment of the same starting materials with thiirane S-oxide does not lead to the corresponding SO-bridged dimers, with the only exception of 1b, which yields the new SO complex [(Ir(CO)(dppm)]2(μ-S)(μ-SO) (3b). Passing H2S through a solution of 6, the sulfur-bridged complex [(CO)3Mn(dppm)2- Rh(CO)](μ-S) (8) is formed, accompanied by H2 elimination.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trinuclear carbonyl complexes ; Molybdenum complexes ; Manganese complexes ; Iron complexes ; Ruthenium complexes ; Osmium complexes ; σ,α-Hydrocarbon bridges ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrocarbon-bridged Metal Complexes, XXI. - Addition of Tetracarbonylosmate and -ruthenate to Coordinated Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Trinuclear Complexes with two σ,α-Allyl, Methylallyl, Cyclohexadiene, Cycloheptadiene, Cyclohexadienyl, Cycloheptatrien, and “Thiophene” Bridges The addition of organometallic nucleophiles [M(CO)4]2- (M = Os, Ru) to [(Cp)(ON)(OC)Mo(allyl)]+, [Cp(OC)2Mo(butadiene)]+, [(OC)3Fe(cycloheptadienyl)]+, [(OC)3Fe(cycloheptadienyl)]+, [(OC)3Mn(benzene)]+, [(OC)3Mn(thiophene)]+, [(OC)3-Mo(cycloheptatrienyl)]+ leads to the heterotrimetallic η1:η2-, η1:η3-, η1:η4-, η1:η5-, η1:η6-hydrocarbon-bridged complexes 1 - 7. The structures of cis-(OC)4Os[(μ-η1:η4-C7H9)Fe(CO)3]2 (4), cis-(OC)4Os[(μ-η1:5-C6H6-Mn(CO)3]2 (6), and cis-(OC)4Os-[μ-η1:η6-C7H7-Mo(CO)3]2 (7b) have been determined by X-ray analysis. The fluxional behaviour of 6 in solution has been studied in a temperature range from - 70 to +60°C. The comparison of observed and calculated 1H-NMR data indicates a 1,2-shift mechanism (ΔG+ = 49 kJ/mol).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2279-2287 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2-Oxazines, lithiated ; Deprotonation ; Alkylation ; Deuteration ; Regioselectivity ; Calculations, MNDO ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5,6-Dihydro-5-methylene-4H-1,2-oxazine 1 is smoothly converted by n-butyllithium into 1-Li which reacts with electrophiles such as D2O, carbonyl compounds, dimethyl sulfide, or an azo diester to give the γ-adducts 4a-4f. On the other hand, alkylation of 1-Li occurs exclusively at C-4 of the heterocycle and provides the α-adducts 3g and 3h. These reactions require the activation of 1-Li by tetramethylethylenediamine. Treatment with allyl bromide and methyl acrylate affords mixtures of regioisomers 3 and 4. 1,2-Oxazine 5 with a conjugated C = C bond is less acidic than 1 but is also converted into 1-Li, whilst compound 6, lacking the 6-methoxy group, is not deprotonated under standard conditions. The dianion of 1,2-oxazine 7 is generated by employing an excess of n-butyllithium. This dianion displays a similar regiochemical behavior as 1-Li. Deuterium is exclusively incorporated into the γ-position to give product 8, while methylation occurs at C-4 to produce 9. 1,2-Oxazine 3g with an additional 4-methyl group can also be metalated and affords γ-adducts 10 and 11 upon reaction with D2O or acetone. Treatment with methyl iodide gives a 3:1 mixture of regioisomers 12 and 13. Deuteration of 1,2-oxazines 14 and 16 bearing a 3-CF3 or 3-CO2Et substituent requires more severe deprotonation conditions to provide the γ-adducts 15 and 17 in moderate yields. MNDO calculations of neutral 1,2-oxazines, the corresponding carbanions, and the lithium compounds allow an insight into the structure and charge distribution of these species, and also an estimation of the relative acidities. The regioselectivity of reactions of 1-Li is discussed on the basis of these semiempirical calculations and comparison with related ambident nucleophiles.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2307-2313 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloadditions ; Cyclobutenes ; Cyclopropanes ; Tetracyclooctanes ; Photoreactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoreaction of 3,6-Dihydrophthalic Anhydride with AlkynesThe title compound 1 and various alkynes undergo photocycloadditions to give cyclobutenes 3 and/or tetracyclooctane derivatives 4. The proportion varies from 100% cyclobutene (3d) to 100% tetracyclooctane (4e, 1) according to the substituents on the alkyne and the temperature.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2335-2342 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentenes, 4-methylene-, synthesis of ; Cyclohexenones, 5-methylene-, synthesis of ; Tri(methylene)-methane chromium complexes ; [3 + 2]Cycloadditions with tri(methylene)methane complexes ; Carbene chromium complexes for organic synthesis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes, 53.  -  4-Methylenecyclopentenes and 5-Methylenecyclohexenones from “Fischer Carbene” Chromium Complexes, Allenes, and AlkynesA method is described for the two-step construction of 4-methylenecyclopentenes 6 and 5-methylenecyclohexenones 7 from Fischer carbene chromium complexes, allenes, and alkynes. In the first step a tri(methylene)methane complex 3 is generated by the addition of the carbene chromium complex (CO)5Cr = C(0Et)Ph (1) to the allene 2. The second step involves an addition of 3 to alkynes HC≡CR [5: R = Ph (a), SiMe3 (b)] at 75°C to give 6 and/or 7 in high chemical yields. The product ratios strongly depend on the substituents R.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2378-2378 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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