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  • 1995-1999  (454)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1995  (454)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (370)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • Ultrastructure
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  • 1995-1999  (454)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumours ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) represent a heterogeneous group whose classification frequently requires ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. In a retrospective study of the ultrastructural findings of 24 gastrointestinal stromal tumours, whose light microscopic study has yielded ambiguous results and in which accurate diagnosis had required ultrastructural support, seven were found to have the characteristics of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve (GAN) tumours. In all of them the diagnosis was based on the presence of dendritic processes with dense neuroendocrine granules. Immunohistochemically, the seven tumours were negative for smooth-muscle markers. All stained positively for vimentin. NSE, chromogranin, and synaptophysin were positive in most of them, while S-100 protein was positive only in two cases. We present the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of seven GANT against the background of the GISTs of our series. We conclude that GAN tumours cannot be diagnosed by light microscopy alone but this tumour group displays characteristic electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features and appears to represent a distinct type of GIST.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: JVS mouse ; Systemic carnitine deficiency ; Mitochondrial abnormality ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mouse with juvenile visceral steatosis (the JVS mouse) has been recognized as a novel animal model for systemic carnitine deficiency. We examined cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells in JVS and control mice by light and electron microscopy. Cardiac and skeletal muscle cells of these mice at 4 weeks of age exhibited a ragged-red appearance after trichrome staining. Electron microscopy, demonstrated increased numbers of mitochondria and lipid droplets in the cells. Compression or distortion of the myofibril bundles, primarily due to the increased number of mitochondria, suggests the possible existence of a functional disturbance of the cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the urinary bladder, only one or two large lipid droplets and slightly increased number of mitochondria were recognized in the perinuclear region of the smooth muscle cells. At 8 weeks of age, the mouse enzyme histochemistry specific for mitochondria, such as cytochrome c oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase, and oil red O staining, confirmed further increases in the number of mitochondria and lipid droplets in the heart. However, the accumulation of these organelles in the skeletal and smooth muscle cells was no greater than that noted in JVS mice at 4 weeks of age. In the cardiac muscle cells, autolysosomes or autophagic vacuoles containing electron-dense membranous, lamellar or whorled structures closely associated with mitochondria and pseudoinclusion bodies in the nucleus were recognized, and bundles of myofibrils were buried under numerous mitochondria, suggesting the existence of disturbed contractile function in the heart of JVS mice. These results indicate that this murine strain associated with systemic carnitine deficiency exhibits a generalized mitochondrial abnormality in the muscle system especially in the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Niemann-Pick disease ; Mouse ; Lung ; Electron microscope ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The biochemical and morphological aspects of BALB/c mice with many features of the Niemann-Pick disease type C in man (NP-C mouse) have been studied extensively. However, the pulmonary pathology has not been studied extensively and we describe here some unique ultrastructural features of the lung in the NP-C mouse. Ultrastructurally, macrophages in younger mice contained osmiophilic dense granules and annulolamellar structures, but larger multilamellar concentric structures increased in the macrophages of older mice. In contrast, endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes showed membrane-bound bodies with dense granules and vesicular or vesiculogranular structures as well as amorphous materials. Type II pneumocytes were unremarkable throughout. Our study suggests that endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes are the major site of metabolic derangement resulting in pronounced morphological changes with granular and round membranous structures in the lungs of NP-C mouse. Alveolar macrophages with multilamellar concentric structures may be a result of disturbed disposal of surfactant material from type II pneumocytes rather than that from storage material of type I pneumocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Apomixis ; Apospory ; Aposporous initial ; Aposporous embryo sac ; Ultrastructure ; Panicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nucellar ultrastructure of apomictic Panicum maximum was analyzed during the meiocytic stage and during aposporous embryo sac formation. At pachytene the megameiocyte shows a random cell organelle distribution and sometimes only an incomplete micropylar callose wall. The chalazal nucellar cells are meristematic until the tetrad stage. They can turn into initial cells of aposporous embryo sacs. The aposporous initials can be recognized by their increased cell size, large nucleus, and the presence of many vesicles. The cell wall is thin with few plasmodesmata. If only a sexual embryo sac is formed, the nucellar cells retain their meristematic character. The aposporous initial cell is somewhat comparable to a vacuolated functional megaspore. It shows large vacuoles around the central nucleus and is surrounded by a thick cell wall without plasmodesmata. In the mature aposporous embryo sac the structure of the cells of the egg apparatus is similar to each other. In the chalazal part of the egg apparatus the cell walls are thin and do not hamper the transfer of sperm cells. Structural and functional aspects of nucellar cell differentiation and aposporous and sexual embryo sac development are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Autoimmune myocarditis ; Cardiac myosin ; Dendritic cell ; Macrophage ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The precise mechanism of myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to define the immunohistological and ultrastructural characteristics of the infiltrating cells, especially in the initial phase of the myocarditis. It was demonstrated that OX6-positive dendritic cells first infiltrated the cardiocytes on day 13 after immunization. After day 17, OX6-positive cells, which possessed elongated irregular-shaped processes on the cell surface but contained few phago-lysosomes in the cytoplasm, were located at the margin of an inflammatory field and inserted their processes into the sarcoplasm of cardiocytes. The central portion of the inflammatory field was occupied by ED1-positive inflammatory macrophages, which were rich in phagosomes and which were in contact with degenerating cardiocytes. No evidence was obtained which suggested that lymphocytes directly injured the cardiocytes. These results demonstrated ultrastructural evidence that the type of infiltrating cell that first injures cardiocytes is the cardiac dendritic cell. Inflammatory macrophages thereafter serve as scavengers of degenerating cardiocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hallervorden-Spatz disease ; Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy ; Axonal dystrophy ; Ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of dystrophic axons (DAs) in the brain and peripheral nerve of a patient with familial infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and in the brain of a patient with familial Hallervorden-Spatz Disease (HSD) revealed prevalent membrano-tubular or granulo-vesicular profiles with a graded pattern of evolution in INAD, while dense bodies, vesicles and amorphous material were pressent in HSD. DAs immunoreactivity with τ-protein and 200 kDa-neurofilament antibodies was stronger in HSD than in INAD. In both cases immunohistochemistry was positive for ubiquitin and negative for β-tubulin and β-amyloid. Distinct ultrastructural features and immunoreactivity pattern of cytoskeletal components suggest different pathogenetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hämatopoietische Stammzellen ; CD 34+-Progenitorzellen ; Morphologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Antigenität ; Funktion ; Key words Haematopoietic stem cells ; CD 34+ progenitor cells ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Antigen expression ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Pluripotential haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, the so-called committed precursor cells, i. e., progenitor cells which are already lineage-restricted, may be identified by the membrane-bound expression of CD 34. In accordance with this peculiar property it became possible to enrich and characterize primitive precursor cells by using different methods of cell separation techniques, which involved fluorescence staining or ferro-magnetic particles bound to CD 34 antibodies. Recently conducted studies demonstrate that CD 34-positive (CD 34+) stem cells of the peripheral blood represent a relatively uniform cell population with almost round nuclei, a finely dispersed chromatin pattern and a small portion of weakly basophilic cytoplasm. From the cytological viewpoint they resemble so-called large stimulated lymphocytes (virocytes). Ultrastructural studies are compatible with a paucity of organelles and a lymphoid character of these progenitors. In comparison, the stem cell population, derived from the bone marrow consists of more heterogeneous elements. These are generally larger and reveal an admixture of fairly immature as well as more differentiated cells, sharing bean-shaped or indented nuclei with prominent nucleoli and a more extended cytoplasm. CD 34+ progenitors from the peripheral blood and those from the bone marrow display a co-expression of CD 43 (MT1) and CD 45 (LCA). Furthermore, different subpopulations exhibit – dependent on their origin (blood/bone marrow) and to a various extent – lineage-restricted markers like CD 33, CD 38, CD 61, CD 20, CD 11a/c, glycophorin C und CD 15 (LeuM 1). The recently developed immuno- and ferromagnetic enrichment methods for CD 34+ progenitor cells are considered innovative tools for modern oncology. These techniques play an important role in the treatment of haematological malignancies and advanced tumours in the context of autologous and, although so far rarely applied, heterologous stem cell transplantation procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hämatopoietische Stammzellen, d. h. Progenitorzellen, die bereits in Richtung einer bestimmten Zellreihe festgelegt sind, lassen sich immunzytochemisch durch Nachweis der membranständigen Expression von CD 34 darstellen. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaft ist es möglich geworden, Vorläuferzellen durch unterschiedliche Zellseparationsverfahren anzureichern und genauer zu charakterisieren. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, daß CD 34-positive (CD 34+-) Stammzellen des Blutes einer relativ uniformen Zellpopulation angehören. Zytologisch deuten sie in Routinefärbungen Aspekte sog. lymphoider Reizformen bzw. Virozyten an. Ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen bestätigen den relativ organellenarmen Charakter der Progenitorzellen. Vergleichsweise stellt sich die entsprechende Zellpopulation aus dem Knochenmark als wesentlich heterogeneres Zellgemisch dar. Sowohl die CD 34+-Stammzellen des Blutes wie des Knochenmarks weisen eine Expression von CD 43 (MT1) und CD 45 (LCA) auf. Weiterhin zeigen Subpopulationen in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Vorkommen (Peripherie/Knochenmark) und in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung linienspezifische Marker. Die kürzlich entwickelten, v. a. immunomagnetischen Anreicherungsverfahren für CD 34+-Stammzellen stellen bedeutende Perspektiven für die moderne Onkologie dar. Sie sind insbesondere für die Therapie hämatologischer Neoplasien und fortgeschrittener maligner Tumoren im Rahmen von Stammzelltransplantationen, von größter klinischer Bedeutung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary ; tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labelled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Protoplasmic astrocyte ; Secondary ; lysosome ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By hybridizing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with the glial cell-rich fraction prepared from an autopsied human brain, we established a hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody to protoplasmic astrocytes (PA). The antibody, named PRAS-1, consistently labeled cytoplasm of PA with a granular pattern. In a few cases, the cytoplasmic processes of several astrocytes in gray and white matter were also stained. The immunoreactivity was lost after periodic acid treatment or methylation, showing that the epitope is composed of a carbohydrate. The cytoplasmic reaction was resistant to protease digestion and lost after incubation in an organic solvent, suggesting that a glycolipid is the antigen. On the other hand, the reaction in the processes disappeared upon protease digestion. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreaction was localized to secondary lysosomes. Cross-reactivity was noted on a small number of incidental neurons, corpora amylacea, hepatocytes and esophageal epithelial cells. A long period of formalin fixation did not deteriorate the antigenicity. PRAS-1 was demonstrated to detect PA immunohistochemically on paraffin sections, and may be applicable to further investigations into development or neoplasms of human astrocytes.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellar degeneration ; Methylmercury ; intoxication ; Apoptosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report deals with the mechanism involved in the cerebellar degeneration following experimental methylmercury poisoning of male Wistar rats. The cerebellar granule cells of animals that exhibited typical hind leg paresis were shrunken and displayed marked nuclear pyknosis. At the ultrastructural level, the nuclei of these cells were condensed and fragmented, features which are characteristic of apoptosis. In situ staining for DNA strand breaks revealed that the pyknotic nuclei were positively labeled. DNA fragmentation was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis; a ladder pattern of multiples of approximately 200-base pair fragments, typical of apoptosis, was observed with the cerebellar DNA of the methylmercury-treated animals. These observations suggest that the degeneration of cerebellar granule cells by alkyl mercury compounds involves an apoptotic process.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Familial amyloid polyneuropathy ; Transthyretin ; Ultrastructure ; Lectin histochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed extensive quantitative analyses of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of two siblings with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) caused by a transthyretin (TTR) Gly42 mutation. Pronounced amyloid deposition was found in the sympathetic ganglia (SyG), dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and throughout the length of the peripheral nerve fibers with some accentuation in the more proximal portion. There was severe neuronal loss in the SyG and DRG together with nerve fiber depletion in the nerve trunk, while only a small amount of amyloid deposition with mild fiber loss was seen in the spinal roots. Sprouts of regenerating axons were very scanty even in the spinal nerves or roots. A teased fiber study mainly showed demyelinating fibers, but axonal degeneration was also present throughout peripheral nerves. An electron microscopic study showed fine amyloid fibrils in direct contact with the axoplasmic membrane of demyelinated axons and destruction of axons in some areas. Amyloid deposition within the PNS in this type of FAP resembled that in type I FAP (TTR Met30). However, direct axonal damage by amyloid fibrils appeared to be more prominent in our cases than in type I FAP. Lectin histochemistry using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I demonstrated preferential depletion of small neurons in the DRG and their primary afferent fibers in the spinal dorsal horn. Primary axonal degeneration and ganglionopathy due to amyloid deposition appear to be the pathogenetic mechanisms for peripheral neuropathy in this type of FAP.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Familial amyloid polyneuropathy ; Transthyretin ; Ultrastructure ; Lectin histochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed extensive quantitative analyses of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of two siblings with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) caused by a transthyretin (TTR) Gly42 mutation. Pronounced amyloid deposition was found in the sympathetic ganglia (SyG), dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and throughout the length of the peripheral nerve fibers with some accentuation in the more proximal portion. There was severe neuronal loss in the SyG and DRG together with nerve fiber depletion in the nerve trunk, while only a small amount of amyloid deposition with mild fiber loss was seen in the spinal roots. Sprouts of regenerating axons were very scanty even in the spinal nerves or roots. A teased fiber study mainly showed demyelinating fibers, but axonal degeneration was also present throughout peripheral nerves. An electron microscopic study showed fine amyloid fibrils in direct contact with the axoplasmic membrane of demyelinated axons and destruction of axons in some areas. Amyloid deposition within the PNS in this type of FAP resembled that in type I FAP (TTR Met30). However, direct axonal damage by amyloid fibrils appeared to be more prominent in our cases than in type I FAP. Lectin histochemistry using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I demonstrated preferential depletion of small neurons in the DRG and their primary afferent fibers in the spinal dorsal horn. Primary axonal degeneration and ganglionopathy due to amyloid deposition appear to be the pathogenetic mechanisms for peripheral neuropathy in this type of FAP.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labbeled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Cytoskeleton ; Accessory nuclei ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oocytes of hymenopterans are equipped with peculiar organelles termed accessory nuclei. These organelles originate from the germinal vesicle (oocyte nucleus) and gather preferentially at the anterior pole. To gain insight into the mechanism of uneven (asymmetrical) distribution of accessory nuclei, the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the oocytes of two hymenopterans Chrysis ignita and Cosmoconus meridionator has been studied. It is shown that during late previtellogenesis two networks of microtubules are present along the contact zone between the oocyte and enveloping follicular epithelium. The external one is associated with belt desmosomes connecting neighbouring follicular cells. The internal network is composed of randomly orientated microtubules and separates transparent, organelle-free periplasm from the endoplasm. All cellular organelles and the germinal vesicle are localized in the endoplasm. Accessory nuclei are accumulated in the anterior endoplasm; they always lie in direct contact with the subcortical network. Treatment with colchicine results in the disappearance of the periplasm as well as in the redistribution of cellular organelles including accessory nuclei. Presented findings suggest that subcortical microtubules play an important role in the positioning of accessory nuclei throughout the ooplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 107 (1995), S. 301-305 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Hair ; Opiates ; Drug monitoring ; Ultrastructure ; Environmental conditions ; Hair damage Cosmetic treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Hair samples were taken at autopsy from the head of 1 male and 1 female subject both known as drug abusers. Some of the strands were bleached by in-vitro cosmetic treatment. The bleached hair as well as the original hair samples were partly exposed to water or soil prior to further investigations and drug monitoring. The exposure times were 4 weeks or 6 months for water and 6 months for soil. The hair fibers were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations. The electron microscope studies confirmed that all experimental conditions had produced morphological alterations in the hair fibers. After exposure to water or to soil for 6 months as well as after storage of the clipped bleached hair in tap water at room temperature for 4 weeks, drug monitoring of formerly positive hair samples gave negative results. After storage of natural hair in soil or in water for 4 weeks the opiate levels had dramatically decreased. The samples were screened by fluorescence polarization immunoassay after enzymatic digestion. The results were confirmed by GC/MS.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Pinus sylvestris L. ; Aluminium ; Nutrients ; Mycorrhiza ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aluminium chloride (AICI3) treatments (50 and 150 mg/l) on 3-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were studied in a sand culture during 2 growing periods in an open field experiment. Even by the end of the first growing period, a decline was observed in the concentrations of Ca, Mg and P within the needles, and of Ca and Mg in the roots. After the second growing period, increased N and K concentrations were observed in the needles of Al-treated seedlings. Both the needles and roots of Al-treated seedlings showed, after the second growing period, a decline in growth and increased concentrations of AI as the amount of AICI3 in the nutrient solution increased. Al-induced changes in needle structure were found to be symptomatic of a nutrient imbalance, particularly of Mg and P. Al-stress did not result in any observable changes in root anatomy or in the number of mycorrhizas. Scots pine proved to be rather resistant to Al-stress, indicating that direct Al-injuries are not likely in the field, though Al-stress may be a contributing factor in the formation of nutrient imbalances.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 30-34 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cartilage grafting ; Cryopreservation ; Cell biology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although transplantation of preserved cartilage has assumed a role of great importance in reconstructive surgery, there are many divergent and contradictory opinions with regard to the outcome of cryopreserved cartilage. This study was formulated to assess the functional state of chondrocytes after cryopreservation. Freeze injury and survival were studied using the trypan blue dye exclusion test, functional assay for cell adhesion and transmission electron microscopy. The methods applied clearly proved that a greater part of the cartilage cells was irreversibly damaged by cryopreservation. Findings demonstrated that cryopreserved cartilage remained non-viable and was not ablt to originate new cartilage. Thus, such cartilage will be reconstruction of parts of the skeleton subject to mechanical stress. The feasibility of cryopreservation techniques for providing vital cartilage substitutes needs further evaluation.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Gonadogenesis ; Early germ cell ; Teleost ; Ultrastructure ; Fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Heterosexual gonad development in a sparid species, Lithognathus mormyrus, was studied by histological and cytological examination, during the first three years of life. Gonad bisexuality is achieved after two months of development, according to the cytological dynamics known in sparids. In one-year-old fishes, a variability in the gonad morphology of the juvenile is shown: three different types of ovotestis have been identified within the same cohort: ovotestes with testicular prevalence (25%), testicular and ovarian equivalence (20%), and ovarian prevalence (55%). This morphological variability of the juvenille ovotestes was consistent with the histological analysis of the sexual structure of the adult stock at the first sexual maturity, which constituted 55.5% of functional males (stemming from the first types of ovotestis) and 44.5% of primary females (from the third type). The plasticity of sexual expression in sparids is emphasized, revealing the potentialities of the ovotestis.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 370-373 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Salivary gland tumors ; Inverted ductal papilloma ; Ultrastructure ; Cytokeratin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural features and cytokeratin expression of inverted ductal papillomas of minor salivary gland origin were studied. Under the electron microscope, an increased number of desmosomes and mucus-like granules in some cells were the most striking features. Immuno-histochemical study revealed that tumor cells displayed strongly positive reactions with cytokeratins 13 and 14, and less strong reactions with cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 5D3. These results support the hypothesis that an inverted ductal papilloma can be derived from the proximal portion of a salivary gland excretory duct.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Pieris canidia ; Nosema mesnili ; Microsporidia ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of a microsporidiumNosema mesnili found in the Malpighian tubules ofPieris canidia is described. The life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores, with typical diplokaryon in each stage. The first two stages are amorphous forms with the former having a thinner cell wall. The spore has 11 coils of the polar filament. This protozoan is a chronic pathogen to its insect host and might have potential as a biological control agent.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Embryogenesis ; In vitro culture ; Isolated pollen ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We used electron microscopical techniques to study ultrastructural changes during the acquisition of embryogenic competence in immature pollen grains ofNicotiana tabacum, isolated at the early- or mid-bicellular stage and cultured in vitro under starvation conditions. Cytoplasmic and nuclear changes during the starvation treatment are reported. Dedifferentiation of plastids, dilation of the wall of the generative cell, the appearance of a large vacuole, loss of nuclear pores in the vegetative nucleus, changes in chromatin and nucleolar structure, and a decrease in the size of the nucleolus were observed. We suggest that these events are the first step in the switch from generative to vegetative generation during pollen embryogenesis.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Turfgrass snow mold ; Typhula ishikariensis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed thatTyphula ishikariensis penetrated into bentgrass leaves either through cuticles or stomata either by single hyphae or infection cushions formed on host surfaces. Time course study on infected leaves showed that penetration through stomatal subsidiary cells and their adjacent cells seemed to occur earlier than that through epidermal cells located farther from stomata. More than 30% of epidermal cells were infected by 10 days after inoculation. When hyphae penetrated through an intact cuticle of epidermal cells, they seemed to dissolve host cell walls enzymatically at penetration sites. Physical pressure also seemed to be involved in penetration.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 185 (1995), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Embryo sac ; Embryogenesis ; Megasporogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes taking place during megasporogenesis of a mistletoe (Viscum minimum) were examined at both light and electron microscopy levels. No distinct ovules, integuments, or ovarian cavity are present at any stage of development. The multicellular archesporium originates in the center of a solid ovary. Several functional megasporocytes are developed from the archesporial cells, either adjacent to each other or separated by unspecialized cells. The megasporocyte is much larger than surrounding cells, is invested by a thick wall, and possesses a large nucleus and amyloplasts. Although plasmodesmata are absent even between the adjacent megasporocytes, cells enter meiosis simultaneously. Following meiosis a linear tetrad is formed. Double and treble linear tetrads are frequently observed. The development of the embryo sac conforms to the monosporic or Polygonum type of megasporogenesis. However, the bisporic or Allium type of development is occasionally observed in preparations. Factors determining the pattern of development are discussed. As in other plant species which follow the monosporic type of development, only one functional megaspore cell undergoes further development while others degenerate. Unlike the healthy functional megaspore cell, the degenerating cells have large starch grains and electron-dense cytoplasm. At a later stage of development, the degraded cells are absorbed by the surrounding tissue.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Allergenic protein ; Oleaceae ; Pollen ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Immuno-localization ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of mature pollen grains of several Oleaceae species (Olea europaea, Fraxinus excelsior, Syringa vulgaris, Ligustrum vulgare, andForsythia suspensa) was studied and the immunolocalization of Ole e I, the major allergen of olige pollen, was determined by immunogold labelling. The five Oleaceae pollens studied here showed different intensities of labelling. The Ole e I allergen was localized throughout the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of gold particles in other cell compartments, such as nuclei, pastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, lipid bodies, and cell wall, as well as the absence of labelling in control preparations, indicate the specificity of immunolocalization. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum of the mature pollen grain is a storage site for allergenic proteins and is probably also involved in their synthesis.
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  • 25
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    Journal of plant research 108 (1995), S. 149-159 
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Botrychium ternatum ; Rhizome ; Ultrastructure ; Vascular cambium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vascular cambium ofBotrychium ternatum rhizome varied according to age, position and season was studied by light and electron microscopy. Cambium at the 6th internode (6-year-old cambium) had the greatest number of active cambial cells in August and September, thus it was in the most active stage. The active cells were characterized by the presence of a large vacuole, few storage materials such as starch grains within plastids or lipid droplets, a thin tangential wall; and various cell organelles in the thin peripheral layer of cytoplasm. When the 6-year-old cambium reached its dormant season after November, the dormant cells were filled with numerous storage materials and had few cell organelles. Our observations suggested that the initiation and cessation of cambial activity may be correlated with the annual life cycle of this plant: the vegetative and reproductive leaves began to emerge in June and July, respectively, and the sporophyll withered in November after the spore dispersal. Most cambial cells at the 10th internode, which remained in a dormant state throughout the year, were filled with numerous storage materials. Our results indicated that the activity of vascular cambium in the 10th internode was determinate.
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  • 26
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    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Stem cells ; Testis ; PGP 9.5 ; Ultrastructure ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The spermatogonial stem cell line in prepubertal and adult bovine testis was studied by electron microscopy and protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Three successive spermatogonia precursor cell configurations were observed. Small basal stem cells were found to possess a spherical shape and nuclei with two to three nucleoli. They were observed in prepubertal testes (25 and 30 weeks) and in low numbers during all the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the adult. Aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells are the dominating germ cell type in the 25-week-old and 30-week-old calf. In the adult seminiferous epithelium, they cause expansion of the basal tubular compartment as they form dense groups containing up to 15 cells. These groups are observed concomitantly with cycling A-spermatogonia and preleptotenes at the beginning of spermatocytogenesis. At the end of A-spermatogonia propagation, the aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells separate and intermingle with cycling A-spermatogonia. The spermatogonia precursor cells can later be found together with I-spermatogonia as members of an interconnected cellular network of medium-sized cells. When the I-spermatogonia divide to form the smaller B-spermatogonia, the precursor cells, which stay connected with the cycling spermatogonial population, pass through a growth phase. They can now be considered as committed spermatogonia precursor cells and are continuously being transformed into A1-spermatogonia to start a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Ultrastructurally, all members of the precursor cell line are similar. However, a number of features have been found to show a quantitative increase (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) or to exhibit a rising degree of complexity (nucleolus) during the progression from basal stem cells to committed spermatogonia precursor cells.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Small intestine ; Pacemaker ; Interstitial cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Two types of interstitial cells have been demonstrated in close association in the deep muscular plexus of rat small intestine, by electron microscopy. Cells of the first type are characterized by a fibroblastic ultrastructure, i.e. a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and absence of the basal lamina. They form a few small gap junctions with the circular muscle cells and show close contact with axon terminals containing many synaptic vesicles. They may play a role in conducting electrical signals in the muscle tissue. Cells of the second type are characterized by many large gap junctions that interconnect with each other and with the circular muscle cells. Their cytoplasm is rich in cell organells, including mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. They show some resemblance to the smooth muscle cells and have an incomplete basal lamina, caveolae and subsurface cisterns. However, they do not contain an organized contractile apparatus, although many intermediate filaments are present in their processes. They also show close contacts with axon terminals containing synaptic vesicles. These gap-junction-rich cells may be regular components of the intestinal tract and may be involved in the pacemaking activity of intestinal movement.
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  • 28
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    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Spindle cell carcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A spindle cell carcinoma of the breast was investigated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the tumor was composed of an admixture of carcinomatous parts and sarcomatoid element composed of atypical spindle cells. Ultrastructurally, carcinomatous cells had numerous tonofilaments and desmosomes, and occasional intracytoplasmic lumina. In contrast, spindle cells possessed numerous intermediate filaments and a few weak junctions. Immunohistochemically, carcinomatous cells showed positive reactions for epithelial markers, but spindle cells for vimentin, only. Thus, the carcinomatous cells had characteristics of epithelial cells, but the spindle cells had characteristics of mesenchymal cells. These features were distinguishable by both electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.
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  • 29
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    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Atypical meningioma ; Anaplastic meningioma ; Ultrastructure ; Brain invasion ; Recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the cytologic features of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, 11 tumors from 4 patients were examined by electron microscopy and compared to 10 classic meningiomas. Although all of the classic meningiomas had oval nuclei, many cytoplasmic organelles, typical regular interdigitation of cell processes, and many well-developed desmosomes with many intermediate filaments, atypical meningiomas showed irregularlyindented nuclei, poorly-developed interdigitation of irregular cell processes, and a decreased number of desmosomes. Anaplastic meningiomas were composed of immature cells with scant cytoplasm and poorly-developed cell processes. Mitoses were occasionally observed. The intercellular spaces were obvious, and immature desmosomes with small amounts of filaments were rarely found. A high recurrence rate and metastases can be predicted from the presence of loose contacts between tumor cells and frequent mitoses in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas.
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  • 30
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    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 126-129 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Ki-1 ; B-cell lymphoma ; Giant cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 55-year-old woman had complained of swelling on the left side of the neck for 3 weeks. The tumor involved lateral cervical, and inguinal lymph nodes and the faucial tonsil on the left side. The histological diagnosis was Ki-1 positive, non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, with diffuse large cells and bizarre giant cells. Under electron microscopic examination, the tumor cells contained markedly cleaved nuclei, many mitchondria and lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is the fourth case of Ki-1 positive B-cell lymphoma reported in Japanese literature.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma ; Esophagus ; Ultrastructure ; Carcinogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings of a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus from a 71-year-old male patient are described. An oval tumor in the middle intrathoracic esophagus was resected. The tumor appeared similar to a submucosal tumor and was histologically diagnosed as primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the esophagus. The patient has survived for 10 years postoperatively with no evidence of recurrence. Histologically, the tumor showed a cribriform, tubular or solid pattern. A small focus of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was found independently. Immunohistochemical results for keratin groups, S-100 protein and smooth muscle actin (αSMA) revealed similar profiles in the ACC tumor tissues and small ducts of the normal esphageal glands. By electron microscopy, tumor cells were found markedly similar to the small duct cells of the normal esophageal gland. These findings. indicate that ACC may originate from the esophageal glands, especially from cells of the small duct including intercalated duct.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Heart transplantation ; Cyclosporin ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Allograft rejection ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined ultrastructural changes and did immunohistochemical studies of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in biopsied samples obtained from the heart of a 16-year-old Japanese boy with dilated cardiomyopathy and from the transplanted donor heart. In the right ventricle of the diseased heart, a small number of atrial granules containing ANP were found in the perinuclear area of the cardiomyocytes and near areas lacking some myofibrils. Although no evidence of rejection was seen in the right ventricle of the transplanted donor heart under the light microscope, electron microscopy revealed moderate degeneration of cardiomyocytes and injuries to capillary endothelial cells. We did not find atrial granules, although the serum ANP level was elevated. These data suggest that the ultrastructural changes in the transplanted heart were related to a mild rejection, the effects of cyclosporin, or the effects of a domino heart transplantation from a patient with cystic fibrosis. Because of the absence of atrial granules in the right venticle, it is postulated that the high serum ANP level may be attributed to merely an increased secretion of ANP from atrial granules in the atria, without secretion of ANP in the ventricles.
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  • 33
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    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 200-209 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Rat ; Endometrium ; Eosmophil ; Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic changes in the endometrial stroma during the following 5 stages of the estrous cycle in normal rats were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Diestrus: Macrophages migrated into the endometrial stroma from blood vessels. Proestrus: Eosinophils migrated into the endometrial stroma from blood vessels. They possessed specific crystalloid granules and small granules. Estrus: The endometrial stroma was swollen and stromal cells degenerated. Eosinophils contained a few or no crystalloid granules, while the number of small granules increased. Metestrus-1: Epithelial projections protruded through the basal lamina and established focal adhesions to stromal cells. Stromal cells also adhered to one another. Metestrus-2: Most eosinophils were engulfed by macrophages. In this report, we discuss the interaction of epithelial cells with endometrial stromal cells during the normal estrous cycle.
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  • 34
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    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cortical granules ; Oocytes ; Vitrification ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abattoir-derived oocytes were exposed to a concentrated cryoprotectant solution (DAP213: 2 M DMSO, 1 M acetamide, 3 M propanediol, and 10% FCS in TCM199) for 1.5 or 5 min at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage or after maturation in vitro (IVM). Their viability was assessed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) to blastocysts. To investigate the effect of DAP213 on the ultrastructure, GV and IVM oocytes were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) before (control) or after exposure to the cryoprotectant. DAP213 induced profound ultrastructural modifications to the microvilli and mitochondria, resulted in large vesicle formation, and, most significantly, caused the premature release of the cortical granules (CG). In IVM oocytes exposed to the cryoproteclant for 5 min, exocytosis of CG into the perivitelline space was common and the IVF rate was reduced (P 〈.05). After exposure for 5 min, GV oocytes displayed clusters of CG comparable to controls, but after IVM-IVF, polyspermy rate was increased (P 〈.05). Furthermore, treated GV oocytes showed a reduced rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation and an increased percentage of oocytes exhibiting alterations in organelles, whereas the viability and ultrastructure of IVM oocytes treated for 1.5 min was not different from controls. These observations demonstrate that (1) cortical granule kinetics is one of the key elements controlling fertilizability of bovine oocytes treated with cryoprotectant, and (2) GV oocytes are more sensitive to the cryoprotectant than those that have already been matured in vitro.
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  • 35
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    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 325-332 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Pig ; Zygote ; Pronucleus ; Ultrastructure ; DNA synthesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Porcine zygotes flushed from oviducts 48,52,56,60, or 64 hr after hCG were incubated 30 min in 3H-thymidine, transferred to nonradioactive medium for 2 hr, and incubated for 30 min with 14C-thymidine. After this procedure, ova were prepared (i.e., at 51,55,59,63, or 67 hr after hCG) for autoradiography and ultrastructural observations, respectively.The first autoradiographic labelling, i.e., DNA synthesis, was observed at 56-56.5 hr after hCG, while the latest labelling was seen at 60-60.5 hr.At 51 hr after hCG, formation of the pronuclear envelope was observed, while no nucieolus precursor bodies or prestages to these structures were found. At 55 hr a few clusters of small electron-dense granules were observed, together with condensed chromatin in the pronuclei. At 59 hr the apposed regions of both pronuclei contained nucleolus precursor bodies and condensed chromatin, in close contact with both clusters of small granules and clusters of an additional category of large granules and the nuclear envelope. Additionally, large accumulations of the small granules were found in the vicinity of similarly sized accumulations of the large granules without chromatin association. At 63 hr the spherical accumulations large granules on some occasions presented a central vacuole, and condensed chromatin and clusters of small granules were attached to its periphery. Within the vacuole, electrondense material was found.It is concluded that (1) the S-phase in porcine zygotes is initiated around 56 hr post-hCG injection and is of a duration of 4.5-7.5 hr and (2) the progress of the S-phase is paralleled by the appearance of and complex interaction between different granules in the nucleoplasm. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 36
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    Molecular Reproduction and Development 42 (1995), S. 94-105 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Equine ; Oocyte ; Maturation ; Ultrastructure ; Steroids ; Follicular fluid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The objectives were to describe the ultrastructure of equine oocytes aspirated from small and preovulatory follicles, and to relate the ultrastructural features to follicle size and follicular fluid steroid concentrations.Mares were examined every second day by transrectal ultrasonography, and follicles measuring ≤30 mm were aspirated (in vivo) using a 20-cm-long 12-gauge needle through the flank. Following slaughter, both large and small follicles were aspirated (in vitro) from six mares. The oocytes were isolated under a stereomicroscope and processed for transmission electron microscopy, and the follicular fluid was assayed for progesterone (P4) amd estradiol-17β (E2). A total of 29 oocytes (32% recovery rate) were aspirated in vivo, and 15 oocytes were recovered in vitro. According to the stage of nuclear maturation, the oocytes could be divided into the following six categories: 1) the central oocyte nucleus (CON) stage, 2) the peripheral spherical oocyte nucleus (PON-I) stage, 3) the peripheral flattened oocyte nucleus (PON-II) stage, 4) the oocyte nucleus breakdown (ONBD) stage, 5) the metaphase I (M-I) stage, and 6) the metaphase II (M-II) stage. The maturation of the preovulatory follicle was reflected by alterations in the follicular fluid concentrations of steroid hormones. E2 was high in all preovulatory follicles, whereas P4 concentration exhibited a 10-fold increase during follicle maturation, particularly associated with the progression from M-I-to M-II-stage oocytes.The nuclear oocyte maturation included flattening of the spherical oocyte nucleus, followed by increasing undulation of the nuclear envelope, formation of the metaphase plate of the first meiotic division, and, finally, the extrusion of the first polar body and the subsequent formation of the metaphase plate of the second meiotic division.The cytoplasmic oocyte maturation changes comprised breakdown of the intermediate junctions between the cumulus cell projections and the oolemma, enlargement of the perivitelline space, the formation and arrangement of a large number of cortical granules immediately beneath the oolemma, the rearrangement of mitochondria from a predominantly peripheral distribution to a more central or semilunar domain, and the rearrangement of membrane-bound vesicles and lipid droplets from an even distribution to an often semilunar domain, giving the ooplasm a polarized appearance. It is concluded that the final equine oocyte maturation includes a series of well-defined nuclear and cytoplasmic changes that are paralleled by an increase in P4 concentration in the follicular fluid, whereas E2 concentration remains constantly high. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 37
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    Developmental Dynamics 203 (1995), S. 468-476 
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Keywords: Chondrocyte ; Apoptosis ; Growth cartilage ; Growth plate ; Collagen ; DNA fragmentation ; Ultrastructure ; Morphology ; Resorption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the process of endochondral ossification, chondrocytes progress through a series of maturational changes, including division and hypertrophy, that culminate in chondrocyte loss and cartilage resorption. From an investigation of morphology, DNA fragmentation, and collagen synthesis in the developing chick sterna we have characterized chondrocytes death in this process. Light microscopy of resorbing sterna demonstrated chondrocyte condensation at the interface with the invading vasculature and electron microscopy demonstrated a range of chondrocyte morphologies, including retraction from the pericellular matrix, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, and vesiculation suggestive of sequential changes characteristic of apoptosis. Isolation and end-labeling of DNA from chick primary ossification centers demonstrated fragmentation to nucleosome sized units, only in primary ossification centers exhibiting active resorption, and in situ detection of DNA fragmentation showed a restriction to chondrocytes at the interface with invading blood. We conclude that terminal differentiation of chondrocytes results in death by an apoptotic process prior to resorption of the tissue and invasion by blood vessels. The extent of DNA fragmentation correlated closely with the proportion of cells displaying a condensed phenotype in contralateral primary ossification centers and peaked at an early stage of resorption, suggesting that chondrocyte apoptosis may be an initiating event in tissue resorption and vascular invasion. Comparison of DNA fragmentation with expression of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype, as indicated by type X collagen synthesis, suggested that DNA fragmentation was a late event in the process of chondrocyte hypertrophy and probably corresponded with chondrocyte condensation. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 38
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 234-247 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Immunolocalisation ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; hSP ; pS2 ; TFG α ; EGFR ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The trefoil peptides pS2 and human spasmolytic peptide are putative growth factors, particularly associated with mucus-producing cells of the gastrointestinal tract including those of the stomach. The receptor for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF α) takes its name from one of its alternative ligands, epidermal growth factor and is called the epidermal growth factor receptor. Although there is immunoreactive epidermal growth factor in the stomach, it is TGF α and the epidermal growth factor receptor that are abundant. Immunolabelling at electron microscope level allows for subcellular localisation of antigens; pS2 and human spasmolytic peptide co-localise to cytomembranes, including the Golgi apparatus, and thecae of surface/pit mucous cells. TGF α is abundant on the membranes of tubulovesicles of parietal cells and is also present in chief cells: in mucous producing cells it can be detected but not in association with mucous. The distribution of the epidermal growth factor receptor mimics that of TGF α but with preferential clustering on the basolateral membranes of gastric cells. The trefoil peptides are associated with healing and probably act, together with mucus, to protect the gastric mucosa and maintain a viable environment. TGF α, transduced via the epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibits gastric acid secretion, thus aids the trefoils in the maintenance of a gastric microenvironment conducive to healing after damage. TGF α, however, is also a potent mitogen; while this property plays a vital part in repairing mucosal defects, if this peptide or indeed its receptor are overexpressed, the result can be neoplasia. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 39
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 215-225 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Esophagus ; Epithelium ; Ciliated cells ; Esophagogastric junction ; Ultrastructure ; Human fetus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This article focusses on the structural development of human esophageal ciliated epithelium. A combination of transmission electron microscopic (TEM), scanning electron micro-scopic (SEM), radioautographic, and light microscopic (LM) analyses were carried out using intact fetal tissues between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation as well as cultured esophageal explants. Up to the age of 10 weeks, the stratified esophageal epithelium consisted of two longitudinal primary folds. The surface cells were undifferentiated and contained large glycogen aggregates. Between 11 and 16 weeks, the primary folds (now up to four) had developed secondary folds. The thickness of the epithelium drastically increased (123%) in concomittance with a differentiation of surface columnar ciliated cells. These highly specialized surface cells exhibited junctional complexes and well-developed organelles with numerous microvilli interspesed among the cilia. Transverse sections revealed the internal structure of the cilia with a consistent pattern of nine doublet microtubules surrounding a central pair of single microtubules. Freeze-fracture studies illustrated the presence of a ciliary necklace composed of 6 ring-like rows of intramembranous particles. They also revealed the structure of ciliary cell tight junctions consisting of up to nine anastomosing strands (P-face) or complementary grooves (E-face). Ultrastructural studies (LM, TEM, SEM) of the esophageal squamous epithelium obtained after 15 days of culture showed that the newly formed epithelium was similar to adult human epithelium. Finally LM and SEM observations established that the esophagogastric junction was not yet well delineated, consisting of a transitional area composed of a mixture of esophageal ciliated cells and gastric columnar mucous cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 40
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 32 (1995), S. 129-147 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrophy ; Parathyroid hormones ; PTH synthesis ; Functional cycle ; Stereology ; Phosphate depletion ; Calcium depletion ; Uremia, Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the rat parathyroid has been under study for more than 35 years, but controversies still exist, especially regarding structure-function relationships. The present review focuses on recent morphological parathyroid research on rats under normal conditions and in various states of disturbed calcium metabolism. To facilitate discussions on functional aspects, current biochemical data, particularly those dealing with the regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis and release, are also considered. Our results from quantitative studies and from investigations employing serial sectioning form the basis for the discussions. A central issue is whether the parathyroid secretory cells undergo secretory cycles. Prompted by results obtained from improved fixation procedures and serial sectioning, we question the basis for the theory of secretory cycles. Since the rat parathyroid secretory cell is polar, a single section is not an appropriate sample for estimating functional activity and for comparing the structure and distribution of intracellular components of adjacent cells. The heterogeneity in ultrastructural appearance of intracellular vesicles calls for the use of specific markers in relating the structure of the vesicular compartment to intracellular processing of hormone. The importance of unbiased quantitative techniques is illustrated in discussions on cell number and size for estimating the response of the parathyroid gland to different functional states or disorders demanding changes in secretion of parathyroid hormone, e.g., hyper- and hypocalcemia. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Microgametogenesis ; Microsporogenesis ; Pollen development ; Tapetal cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The process of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis was studied at the ultrastructural level in wild-typeArabidopsis thaliana ecotype Wassilewskija to provide a basis for comparison with nuclear male-sterile mutants of the same ecotype. From the earliest stage studied to mature pollen just prior to anther dehiscence, microsporocyte/microspore/pollen development follows the general pattern seen in most angiosperms. The tapetum is of the secretory type with loss of the tapetal cell walls beginning at about the time of microsporocyte meiosis. Wall loss exhibits polarity with the tapetal protoplasts becoming located at a distance from the inner tangential walls first, followed by an increase in distance from the radial walls beginning at the interior edge and progressing outward. The inner tangential and radial tapetal walls are completely degenerated by the microspore tetrad stage. Unlike other members of the Brassicaceae that have been studied, the tapetal cells ofA. thaliana Wassilewskija also lose their outer tangential walls, and secretion occurs from all sides of the cells. Exine wall precursors are secreted from the tapetal cells in a process that appears to involve dilation of individual endoplasmic reticulum cisternae that fuse with the tapetal cell membrane and release their contents into the locule. Following completion of the exine, the tapetal cell plastids develop membranebound inclusions with osmiophilic and electron-transparent regions. The plastids undergo ultrastructural changes that suggest breakdown of the inclusion membranes followed by release of their contents into the locule prior to the complete degeneration of the tapetal cells.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Carrot hypocotyl explant ; Flow cytometry ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cellular events occurring in carrot hypocotyl explants during long-term and pulse treatment with 2,4-D were followed using different techniques (light and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, PCNA staining). Different morphogenetic pathways were induced under the various experimental conditions. Nevertheless, in the explants the activated cells were the same (provascular cells) and they showed very similar structural and ultrastructural changes. The long-term treatment with 2,4-D induced rapid re-activation of the cell cycle.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: LDL ; Rat heart ; Ultrastructure ; Coronary vasculature ; Contractile function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we examined the action of native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) on coronary vascular and cardiac function and ultrastructure in rat hearts perfused isovolumically in the Langendorff mode. Responses of the coronary resistance vessels to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, histamine, and the endothelium-independent vasodilator, NaNO2, were measured together with contractile function (rate-pressure product) before and after perfusion for 20 min with native — or oxidized-LDL at a concentration of 100 µg protein/ml. Ultrastructural damage was assessed via electron microscopy of perfusion-fixed heart specimens. When compared to findings in untreated, control hearts, both native and oxidized LDL significantly reduced the responsiveness of the coronary resistance vessels to histamine and NaNO2, by about 50%. The rate-pressure product was decreased more by oxidized-LDL (41%) than by native-LDL (26%). Electron microscopy showed no ultrastructural abnormalities in the vasculature or myocytes of control hearts. The administration of both native- and oxidized-LDL caused distortion of endothelial cells, increased levels of pinocytotic vesicles in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, detachment of blood vessels from surrounding tissue, and some regions of myocyte injury with evidence of mitochondrial injury and fluid accumulation. Our results show that both native- and oxidized-LDL are toxic to the isolated heart preparation. They inhibit coronary vascular responsiveness to vasodilators, reduce contractile function, and produce damage to cardiac ultrastructure.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Heart ; Endomyocardial biopsy ; Epithelioid cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 49-year-old man with cardiac sarcoidosis is presented. He suffered from congestive heart failure, and left ventricular asynergy and reduced function was evident by echocardiogram and left ventriculogram. A light microscopic examination of the endomyocardial biopsy revealed nonspecific myocarditis without giant cells or noncaseating granulomas. Under an electron microscope, however, several epithelioid cells were found in the specimen. The serum level of lysozyme was elevated. The patient had a past history of sarcoidosis of the eyes and lungs 22 years previously. Cardiac diseases presenting epithelioid cells other than sarcoidosis were clinically ruled out. Thus, the diagnosis of cardic sarcoidosis was made based on both clinical and ultrastructural findings, and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. In the second biopsy, performed 4 months later, a noncaseating granuloma was found. Generally, the incidence of histological diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis by light microscopy is relatively low in endomyocardial biopsy specimens. The present case suggests that the addition of an ultrastructural examination may improve the diagnostic usefulness of the endomyocardial biopsy in cardiac sarcoidosis, since electron microscopy can clearly identify the presence of even one epithelioid cell.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Embryogenesis ; Heat shock ; Induction ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores, isolated and cultured near the time of the first pollen mitosis and subjected to a heat treatment of 24 h, can be induced to develop into haploid embryos. This is a study of microspore structure during induction and embryo determination. Early during the 32.5 °C incubation period the nucleus moved away from the edge of the cell, and granules, 30 to 60 nm in diameter, appeared in the mitochondria and as a cluster in the cytoplasm. Cells divided symmetrically and at the end of the heat treatment, acquired the features of induced bicellular structures described previously. The features persisted as the cells divided randomly within the exine for 4–7 days following heat induction. Multicellular structures released from the exine underwent periclinal divisions resulting in protoderm differentiation of the globular embryo, thus determining embryo development. The cytoplasm of early heart-stage embryos contains abundant polyribosomes. Non-embryogenic development was indicated by large accumulations of starch and/or lipid and thickened cell walls or an unorganized pattern of cell division following release of the multicellular structures from the exine. Embryogenesis is discussed in terms of induction, embryo determination and development.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Metabolite accumulation ; Vismia guianensis ; Callus cultures ; Plant regeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The accumulation and tissue localization of antitumoral vismione A in the in vitro regenerated plants ofVismia guianensis DC. were investigated. Chemical and light and electron-microscope analyses revealed that vismione A, detected as phenolic black globules in the vacuoles, was accumulated in the leaf, mainly in the palisade, and in small amounts in the primary body of the stem (epidermis and first cortical layer). Vismione A is neither present in the secretory cavities and ducts of the leaf nor in the secretory ducts of the stem. In the leaves of the regenerated plants, the amount of vismione A reached 0.5% FW, compared to 0.1% in the leaves of the parent plant. The optimization of the in vitro regeneration of plants was obtained in MS medium enriched with BAP (1 ppm). The best results for the rooting of regenerated plants were achieved with MS medium containing half-strength salts and 10−5 MIBA.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cyclopiazonic acid ; Golgi apparatus ; Micrasterias ; Secretory pathway ; Tunicamycin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Both tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation of proteins, and cyclopiazonic acid, which inhibits the Ca2+-dependent ATPase in the ER, influence the secretory pathway at the ER level and lead to a cessation of cell growth inMicrasterias. Electron microscopical investigations reveal that the mode of action of the two inhibitors differs. While tunicamycin treatment results in a disintegration of the Golgi bodies into small vesicles, cyclopiazonic acid prevents products being supplied from the ER, resulting in the dilatation of ER cisternae and a reduction in the number of Golgi cisternae, combined with a loss of dictyosomal activity. The disturbed cell wall formation under tunicamycin indicates that N-linked glycosylation of proteins is required for normal cell growth inMicrasterias. Moreover, our studies reveal that changes in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, as a consequence of ATPase inhibition in the ER by cyclopiazonic acid, may inhibit wall material secretion by interrupting the normal ER-dictyosome association.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
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    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axo-axonal synapse ; Neuromuscular synapse ; Motoneuron ; Ultrastructure ; Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A pair of antagonistic motoneurons, one excitatory and one inhibitory, innervates the distal accessory flexor muscle in the walking limb of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The number and size of synapses formed by these two axons on the muscle fibers (neuromuscular synapses) and on each other (axo-axonal synapses) were estimated using thin-section electron microscopy. Although profiles of nerve terminals of the two axons occur in roughly equal proportions, the frequency of occurrence of neuromuscular synapses differed markedly: 73% were excitatory and 27% were inhibitory. However, inhibitory synapses were 4–5 times larger than excitatory ones, and consequently, the total contact areas devoted to neuromuscular synapses were similar for both axons. Axo-axonal synapses were predominantly from the inhibitory axon to the excitatory axon (86%), and a few were from the excitatory axon to the inhibitory axon (14%). The role of the inhibitory axo-axonal synapse is presynaptic inhibition, but that of the excitatory axo-axonal synapse is not known. The differences in size of neuromuscular synapses between the two axons may reflect intrinsic determinants of the neuron, while the similarity in total synaptic area may reflect retrograde influences from the muscle for regulating synapse number.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Myenteric plexus ; Smooth muscle ; Organotypic culture ; Ultrastructure ; Intestine ; small ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
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    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 517-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian brain ; Preoptic nucleus ; Sexual behaviour ; Ultrastructure ; Sexual dimorphism ; coturnix japonica (Aves, Phasianiformes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The medial preoptic nucleus is a sexually dimorphic structure whose cytoarchitecture, afferent and efferent connections, and functions have been previously described. No detailed ultrastructural study has, however, been perfomed to date. Here we describe the ultrastructural organization of this important preoptic structure of the male quail. Neuronal cell bodies of the medial preoptic nucleus generally show extensive development of protein-synthesis-related organelles (rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes), and of secretory structures (Golgi complexes, secretory vesicles, dense bodies). Previous morphometrical studies at the light-microscopical level have demonstrated the presence of a medial and a lateral neuronal population distinguished by the size of their cell bodies (the medial neurons are smaller than the lateral neurons). The present ultrastructural investigation confirms the difference in size, but no difference has been observed in the ultrastructural organization of the neurons. In both the medial and the lateral part, the nucleus is characterized by a large variety of cell bodies, including some that, on the basis of their ultrastructure, can be considered as putative peptidergic neurons. Close contacts are frequently observed between adjacent cell bodies that are normally arranged in clusters. Various types of synaptic endings are also present, suggesting a rich supply of nerve fibers. A few glial cells are scattered within the nucleus. In view of the crucial role of this region in regulating quail sexual behavior, the large heterogeneity of neurons and of afferent nervous fibers suggest that this region might have an important role in the integration of information arriving from different brain regions.
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  • 51
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    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 473-483 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Glycosaminoglycans ; Cupromeronic Blue ; Lung ; Connective tissue ; Ultrastructure ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix contributing to the mechanical properties of connective tissues as well as to cell recognition and growth regulation. The ultrastructural localization of GAGs in porcine lung was studied by means of the dye Cupromeronic Blue in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 according to Scott’s critical electrolyte concentration technique. GAGs were observed in locations described as follows. Pleura: Dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) attached in the region of the d-band of collagen fibrils, interconnecting the fibrils; heparan sulphate (HS) at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membrane of the mesothelium and blood vessels. Bronchial cartilage: Abundant amounts of GAGs were observed in three zones: pericellular, in the intercellular matrix and at the perichondrial collagen. By enzyme digestion a superficial cartilage layer with predominantly CS could be distinguished from a deep zone with CS and keratan sulphate. The structure of the large aggregating cartilage proteoglycan was confirmed in situ. Airway epithelium: HS at the whole surface of cilia and microvilli and in the basement membrane of the epithelial cells. Alveolar wall: CS/DS at collagen fibrils, HS at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membranes of epithelium and endothelium.
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 473-483 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glycosaminoglycans ; Cupromeronic Blue ; Lung ; Connective tissue ; Ultrastructure ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix contributing to the mechanical properties of connective tissues as well as to cell recognition and growth regulation. The ultrastructural localization of GAGs in porcine lung was studied by means of the dye Cupromeronic Blue in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 according to Scott's critical electrolyte concentration technique. GAGs were observed in locations described as follows. Pleura: Dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) attached in the region of the d-band of collagen fibrils, interconnecting the fibrils; heparan sulphate (HS) at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membrane of the mesothelium and blood vessels. Bronchial cartilage: Abundant amounts of GAGs were observed in three zones: pericellular, in the intercellular matrix and at the perichondrial collagen. By enzyme digestion a superficial cartilage layer with predominantly CS could be distinguished from a deep zone with CS and keratan sulphate. The structure of the large aggregating cartilage proteoglycan was confirmed in situ. Airway epithelium: HS at the whole surface of cilia and microvilli and in the basement membrane of the epithelial cells. Alveolar wall: CS/DS at collagen fibrils, HS at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membranes of epithelium and endothelium.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Small intestine ; Pacemaker ; Interstitial cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two types of interstitial cells have been demonstrated in close association in the deep muscular plexus of rat small intestine, by electron microscopy. Cells of the first type are characterized by a fibroblastic ultrastructure, i.e. a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and absence of the basal lamina. They form a few small gap junctions with the circular muscle cells and show close contact with axon terminals containing many synaptic vesicles. They may play a role in conducting electrical signals in the muscle tissue. Cells of the second type are characterized by many large gap junctions that interconnect with each other and with the circular muscle cells. Their cytoplasm is rich in cell organells, including mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. They show some resemblance to the smooth muscle cells and have an incomplete basal lamina, caveolae and subsurface cisterns. However, they do not contain an organized contractile apparatus, although many intermediate filaments are present in their processes. They also show close contacts with axon terminals containing synaptic vesicles. These gap-junction-rich cells may be regular components of the intestinal tract and may be involved in the pacemaking activity of intestinal movement.
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
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    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 363-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Pinealocytes ; Secretory rudimentary photoreceptors ; Ultrastructure ; Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the presence of atypical pinealocytes as components of epiphyseal follicles in the adult South American opossum Didelphis albiventris. Their main characteristic is a bulbous-shaped apical cytoplasmic extension which protrudes towards the follicular lumen among the microvilli and cilia of neighbouring ependymal cells. They resemble the photoreceptor-like pinealocytes of sauropsids and developing photoreceptors in the retina of newborn mammals. Morphological characteristics enable us to classify them as cells of the receptor line.
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 363-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pineal organ ; Pinealocytes ; Secretory rudimentary photoreceptors ; Ultrastructure ; Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report the presence of atypical pinealo-cytes as components of epiphyseal follicles in the adult South American opossum Didelphis albiventris. Their main characteristic is a bulbous-shaped apical cytoplasmic extension which protrudes towards the follicular lumen among the microvilli and cilia of neighbouring ependymal cells. They resemble the photoreceptor-like pinealocytes of sauropsids and developing photoreceptors in the retina of newborn mammals. Morphological characteristics enable us to classify them as cells of the receptor line.
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: NADPH-diaphorase ; Nitric oxide ; Thymic medulla ; Ultrastructure ; Chick
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase positive cells in the chick thymus were studied at the electron-microscopic level. The formazan, a marker for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, labelled cystic, undifferentiated, endocrine-like and myoid cells in the medulla. Some lymphoid and reticulo-epithelial cells were also lightly labelled. The reaction product was predominantly bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in all the cells labelled and also to the nuclear envelope and outer membrane of mitochondria. The Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane were free of the reaction product.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Intestine ; small ; Intraepithelial lymphocytes ; Microcinematography ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In previous ultrastructural studies we have shown that at the tip of intestinal villi in guinea pigs, effete enterocytes are separated into two portions: a thin apical cytoplasm to be exfoliated into the lumen and a major basal portion to be ingested by lamina propria macrophages. During this process, intraepithelially disposed, large granular lymphocytes interdigitate with enterocytes in a complex manner. In the present study, the relation between the enterocytes and the lymphocytes in the villous epithelium of the guinea pig small intestine is described by use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy in an attempt to visualize the roles and activities of the lymphocytes more clearly. The lymphocytes project numerous pointed processes into effete enterocytes, even piercing them. Enterocytes are deeply indented or perforated, probably as a result of the encroaching lymphocyte processes. Some enterocytes are separated into apical and basal portions by numerous large excavations in the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that repeated perforating penetration of the lymphocytes induces cell cleavage. Supporting this supposition, our microcinematographic observations demonstrate the alternate protrusion and withdrawal of processes of lymphocytes. The processes advance with a pointed end, and subsequently, retract with a rounded end in a cycle of 8–18 seconds.
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
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    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Axo-axonal synapse ; Neuromuscular synapse ; Motoneuron ; Ultrastructure ; Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A pair of antagonistic motoneurons, one excitatory and one inhibitory, innervates the distal accessory flexor muscle in the walking limb of the crayfish Pro- cambarus clarkii. The number and size of synapses formed by these two axons on the muscle fibers (neuromuscular synapses) and on each other (axo-axonal synapses) were estimated using thin-section electron microscopy. Although profiles of nerve terminals of the two axons occur in roughly equal proportions, the frequency of occurrence of neuromuscular synapses differed markedly: 73% were excitatory and 27% were inhibitory. However, inhibitory synapses were 4–5 times larger than excitatory ones, and consequently, the total contact areas devoted to neuromuscular synapses were similar for both axons. Axo-axonal synapses were predominantly from the inhibitory axon to the excitatory axon (86%), and a few were from the excitatory axon to the inhibitory axon (14%). The role of the inhibitory axo-axonal synapse is presynaptic inhibition, but that of the excitatory axo-axonal synapse is not known. The differences in size of neuromuscular synapses between the two axons may reflect intrinsic determinants of the neuron, while the similarity in total synaptic area may reflect retrograde influences from the muscle for regulating synapse number.
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
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    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: NADPH-diaphorase ; Nitric oxide ; Thymic medulla ; Ultrastructure ; Chick
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase positive cells in the chick thymus were studied at the electron-microscopic level. The formazan, a marker for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, labelled cystic, undifferentiated, endocrine-like and myoid cells in the medulla. Some lymphoid and reticulo-epithelial cells were also lightly labelled. The reaction product was predominantly bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in all the cells labelled and also to the nuclear envelope and outer membrane of mitochondria. The Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane were free of the reaction product.
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
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    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stem cells ; Testis ; PGP 9.5 ; Ultrastructure ; Tubular ; Whole-mounts ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spermatogonial stem cell line in prepubertal and adult bovine testis was studied by electron microscopy and protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Three successive spermatogonia precursor cell configurations were observed. Small basal stem cells were found to possess a spherical shape and nuclei with two to three nucleoli. They were observed in prepubertal testes (25 and 30 weeks) and in low numbers during all the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the adult. Aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells are the dominating germ cell type in the 25-week-old and 30-week-old calf. In the adult seminiferous epithelium, they cause expansion of the basal tubular compartment as they form dense groups containing up to 15 cells. These groups are observed concomitantly with cycling A-spermatogonia and preleptotenes at the beginning of spermatocytogenesis. At the end of A-spermatogonia propagation, the aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells separate and intermingle with cycling A-spermatogonia. The spermatogonia precursor cells can later be found together with I-spermatogonia as members of an interconnected cellular network of medium-sized cells. When the I-spermatogonia divide to form the smaller B-spermatogonia, the precursor cells, which stay connected with the cycling spermatogonial population, pass through a growth phase. They can now be considered as committed spermatogonia precursor cells and are continuously being transformed into A1-spermatogonia to start a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Ultrastructurally, all members of the precursor cell line are similar. However, a number of features have been found to show a quantitative increase (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) or to exhibit a rising degree of complexity (nucleolus) during the progression from basal stem cells to committed spermatogonia precursor cells.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Mab 6.17 ; Reactive astrocyte ; Diencephalon ; Spinal cord ; Confocal microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A specific monoclonal antiserum (Mab 6.17) inducing a strong immunostaining of the neuromuscular junction has been used to detect the possible occurrence of the corresponding antigen throughout the intact or lesioned central nervous system of adult rats. In intact animals, 6.17-immunolabeling was essentially detected in astrocyte-like structures located in white matter fasciculi of the brain, such as the optic tract, corpus callosum, fornix, and in the white matter of the spinal cord. The astroglial nature of such 6.17-immunolabeled profiles was verified by performing double or triple immunofluorescent labeling with Mab 6.17 and with specific antisera against astrocytic markers, such as S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. In the white matter, all the structures reactive to Mab 6.17 were also reactive to antibodies against S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. On the other hand, astrocytes of the grey matter that were immunoreactive to S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein but negative to vimentin, were devoid of 6.17-immunoreactivity. After lesions including stab wound through the diencephalon or transection of the spinal cord, a marked increase of 6.17-immunostaining was noted in the regions surrounding the lesions. In these regions, 6.17-immunolabeling was associated with S100-, GFAP- and vimentin-positive astrocytes constituting the glial scar. The ultrastructural localization of 6.17-immunoreactivity indicated that, similar to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, the recognized antigen was mainly associated with gliofilaments. These observations indicate that, in the central nervous system of adult rats, Mab 6.17 recognizes a molecule associated with gliofilaments, which is essentially associated to reactive astrocytes expressing high levels of vimentin.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Serotonin ; Ultrastructure ; Immunogold label ; Mucosal nerves ; Goldfish ; Carassius auratus ; Tilapia ; Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In order to establish a possible role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and serotonin as (neuro)transmitters involved in the regulation of fish intestinal epithelium, we studied the presence of VIP and serotonin at the ultrastructural level in the intestinal mucosa of tilapia and goldfish. A low percentage of varicosities near the basal membrane of the tilapia intestinal epithelium was found to label for VIP or for serotonin, whereas in the goldfish, this percentage was much higher. The varicosities usually contained large granular and small clear vesicles. Immunogold labeling indicated that serotonin and VIP were localized in the large granular vesicles. Unlabeled large granular vesicles and small clear vesicles were usually also present in varicosities with serotonin- or VIP-labeled vesicles. In the goldfish, the serotonin-labeled varicosities were close to the epithelial cells, and direct contacts between serotonin-labeled nerve fibres and epithelial cells could sometimes be visualized. However, synaptic membrane specializations were never observed. In tilapia, the distance between the VIP- or serotonin-labeled varicosities and the epithelial cells was large (more than 2 μm).
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 361-374 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: All possible quadratic factors from the characteristic polynomial are generated. Selective extraction of the factors are smoothly achieved. Factors of the mirror plane and two-, three-, and n-fold rotationally symmetric graphs are obtained without using any rule for the fragmentation pattern. The relationship among the irreducible representations of the two-, three-, and n-fold operators are established through our computer program. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present article develops a methodology and a unifying theorem to treat, on an equal footing, mathematical phenomena that were hitherto studied separately in each of the research fields of dynamical systems and quantum chemistry involving the spectral symmetry of alternant hydrocarbons. This article also serves as a foundation of a theoretical framework for the analysis of certain dynamical systems of chemical kinetic equations, which shall be made in the context of operator algebra in Parts II and III of this series of papers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 583-590 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient procedure for third-order electron propagator calculations of ionization energies and electron affinities is reported. Diagonal self-energy expressions that are suitable for large molecules are empolyed. The outer-valence Green's function method also is implemented. An integral transformation program for direct and semidirect algorithms is modified to store only nonzero integrals according to Abelian point group symmetry. Contributions to self-energy matrix elements that depend on electron repulsion integrals with four virtual orbital indices are computed in a direct way. Intermediate batches of integrals are created by sort procedures while avoiding storage of transformed integrals in the main memory. This method permits calculation of electron binding energies for C72- with a 231 atomic orbital basis and for Zn(C5H5)2 with a 220 atomic orbital basis on an IBM RISC/6000 Model 550. During these calculations, the CPU is engaged approximately 90% of the time. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 591-606 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article, we derive and there by reinterpret various approximations in Schrödinger theory and Kohn-Sham density-funtional theory via a hierarchy within the work formalism of electronic structure due to Harbola and Sahni. In the work formalism, which is based on Coulomb's law, the local potential representing electron correlations as well as the electron correlation energy both arise from the same quantum mechanical source charge distribution that is the pair-correlation density. The potential is the work done to move an electron in the force field of the pair-correlation density, and the energy is the energy of interaction between the electronic and pair-correlation densities. The differential equation governing the system is a sturm-Liouville equation so that the system wave function can, in principle, be obtained as an infinite linear combination of Slater determinants of the spin-orbitals corresponding to the occupied and virtual states. The hierarchy is achieved by improvement of the pair-correlation density either by systematic improvement of the wave function or, as is the case of Kohn-Sham theory, by an expansion of the pair-correlation density in gradients of the density about the uniform electron gas result. The derivations of the approximations of Kohn-Sham theory via the work formalism, in turn, exhibit the existence of additional correlations that are not evident through the Kohn-Sham prescription, whereby the potential is obtained by functional differentiation. The approximations considered within Schrödinger theory are the Hartree, Hartree-Fock, and configuration-interaction approximations. Those within Kohn-Sham theory are the density functional theory Hartree, local density, and gradient expansion approximations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 617-625 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The alkylation of arylamines is an important reaction in many large scale industrial processes. Three possible mechanisms are evaluated at the semiempirical level using the alkylation of aniline with ethylene as a model system. A molecular orbital analysis is performed for each mechanism to determine the appropriate type of wavefunction required to describe the transition state. Successive levels of refinement in search algorithms are used to locate the transition state on a potential surface with up to 60 degrees of freedom. A reasonable mechanism for the AlCl3-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation is shown to be analogous to a Diels-Alder [4 + 2] concerted cycloaddition after initial β-elimination of HCl. The Brönsted acid-catalyzed reaction shown is likely to occur via a mechanism similar to the Ene reaction, rather than initial protonation of the olefin followed by electrophilic addition to a nearby aromatic ring. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 43-49 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of P2 + P2+ were studied with ab initio calculations at the ROHF and UHF levels with the 6-31G* basis set. The geometries and dissociation energies for the four selected structures-collinear, T-shaped, regular trapezoid, and elongated tetrahedral-were studied in comparison with N2 + N2+. The trade-off of the intramolecular π bond for the intermolecular σ bond for the P4+ system results in its larger dissociation energies and more substantial changes in bond distances than those in the N4+ system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 1-2 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 19-26 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The concept of conjugate irreducible subspaces in the algebras of permutation groups is expressed in such a way that it emphasizes the existence of conjugate pathways along a chain of subgroups of permutations. The new expression is shown to be equivalent to parity conjugation and incorporates the notion of conjugate pathways in a natural and consistent manner. The example of the Aufbau chain of symmetric subgroups is used to show how the conjugacy of pathways may be useful in the symmetry adaptation of the spatial and spin parts of Fermion state functions. It is also employed to show that one may arrive at a quantitative statement that clearly expresses the conjugacy constraints placed upon a Fermion state function in order for it to satisfy the antisymmetry principle. A simple example of these conjugacy conditions is presented. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 71
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several types of approximations have been used for the justification of the Neglect of Diatomic Differential Overlap (NDDO) in Part IV but control of the introduced error remains insufficient. Analytic formulas describing the induced error for all types of approximations are given. Numerically lower bounds for these errors can be derived from the discussion on diatomic molecules. Far-reaching consequences on the applicability of NDDO will be discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 72
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 575-582 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Atomic Hylleraas-CI calculations with linked correlation terms of the form rijp rklq are discussed. Formulas for the integration of the radial part and the arising auxiliary integrals are deduced and convergence proofs are given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 197-199 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using Neumann expansion for 1/r12 in elliptical coordinates a combined formula has been obtained for two-center Coulomb, hybrid, and exchange integrals with Slater-type orbitals. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 201-210 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method to obtain ensemble representable densities from experimental diffraction data is proposed. The method uses ab initio molecular densities instead of the commonly employed one-electron orbital densities, and as a result, few parameters need to be optimized in the fitting procedure to the experimental structure factors. The optimized coefficients can provide information about intra- and intermolecular electronic correlations, spin-orbit coupling, etc. This work also provides new explicit formulas to determine the rank of a fermionic wave function, i.e., the rank of the one-fermion density matrix. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 55 (1995), S. 315-328 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An effective core potential study of a model chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction is reported. Compounds studied are those in which a Group IVA (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn) main group element is directly bonded to a Group IVB (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) transition metal. Model reactants (H3M - EH3) possess Group IVA-Group IVB single bonds while products (H2M = EH2, formed by H2 elimination from reactants) have Group IVA-Group IVB multiple bonds. The main findings of this research are as follows: First, a single-determinant (RHF) description is appropriate for singly bonded Group IVA-Group IVB complexes. Agreement between experimental and calculated M-E single-bond lengths is very good at all levels studied. Second, electron correlation is of much greater importance for describing the ME π bond than the ME σ bond. Third, analysis of calculated double-to-single bond ratios (Rdouble/Rsingle) suggest that π-bonding remains nearly constant over the entire series of compounds studied and is weaker than in the main group-main group analogs, suggesting a reason for the lack of reported examples with a Group IVA-Group IVB double bound. Fourth, barriers to elimination of H2 from H3M - EH3 show two significant trends. We propose that the trends as a function of transition metal (Ti 〈 Zr 〈 Hf) and main group element (C 〉 Si 〉 Ge 〉 Sn) are due to trends in M - H and E - H bond energies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 211-222 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reduction of the N-particle problem to the 2- and 1-particle problems is discussed, and the relation between the statistics of particles and the properties of the pairon distribution is studied. It turns out that not all levels of the pairon spectra can be occupied. A simple way of defining the pairon distribution is suggested. The spectra of the reduced Hamiltonian with power-law interaction potentials are analyzed. The bound states are calculated by the method of self-similar approximation, the accuracy of which is compared with and shown to be better than that of the quasi-classical approximation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 243-247 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the conformation dynamics of macromolecules, the rate of conformational transition is deduced from the nonadiabaticity operator method which can be used to explain the time scale of milliseconds for protein folding. It is proved that (1) the dependence of the transition rate on inertial moment I of the atomic group obeys the I-2.5 law; (2) its dependence on numbers n of torsional angles participating in the transition obeys the n1.5 law; and (3) the temperature dependence of the transitional rate shows an abnormal character in the high- temperature region. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 261-263 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Accurate nonrelativistic numerical Hartree-Fock results are reported for the heavy atoms Cs (Z = 55) through Lr (Z = 103) in their ground states. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 265-270 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The three-dimensional EHMO crystal orbital calculations for crystalline C60, Ca3C60, and Ca5C60 are reported. The ground states of both undoped solid C60 and partially doped Ca3C60 are found to be insulating with an indirect energy gap of 1.2 and 0.5 eV, respectively. In contrast, Ca5C60 forms a metallic conducting phase with a set of three half-filled bands crossing the Fermi level, which is found to be located close to a peak of the density of state. The character of crystal orbitals near the Fermi level for both Ca3C60 and Ca5C60 is completely carbonlike. In both cases, the Ca atoms are almost fully ionized and C60 molecules form a stable negative charge state with six to 10 additional electrons. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 1-2 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 54 (1995), S. 351-359 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The derivation of hybrids as localized equivalent functions in the plane is discussed using the simultaneous eigenfunctions of the x and y position operators, as represented in a finite basis. It proves helpful, initially, to use complex exponentials as basis functions, but the transformation to a real basis is made later. The introduction of alias functions to produce commuting matrices is described. Full results are obtained for any number of functions in the plane. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 84
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of quartic anharmonicity on the quantum dynamics of a linear oscillator with time-dependent force constant (K) or harmonic frequency (ω) are studied both perturbatively and numerically by the time-dependent Fourier grid Hamiltonian method. In the absence of anharmonicity, the ground-state population decreases and the population of an accessible excited state (k = 2, 4, 6…) increases with time. However, when anharmonicity is introduced, both the ground- and excited-state populations show typical oscillations. For weak coupling, the population of an accessible excited state at a certain instant of time (short) turns out to be a parabolic function of the anharmonic coupling constant (λ), when all other parameters of the system are kept fixed. This parabolic nature of the excited-state population vs. the λ profile is independent of the specific form of the time dependence of the force constant, Kt. However, it depends upon the rate at which Kt relaxes. For small anharmonic coupling strength and short time scales, the numerical results corroborate expectations based on the first-order time-dependent perturbative analysis, using a suitably repartitioned Hamiltonian that makes H0 time-independent. Some of the possible experimental implications of our observations are analyzed, especially in relation to intensity oscillations observed in some charge-transfer spectra in systems in which the dephasing rates are comparable with the time scale of the electron transfer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 27-35 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By means of examples, Löwdin showed that L2 convergence of approximate wave functions ψn to the exact ψ using the single limit limn→∞〈ψn, Aψn〉 = 〈ψ,Aψ〉 is not sufficient to compute accurate expectation values. It is shown that L2 convergence is indeed a sufficient condition to compute accurate expectation values using iterated limits limm→∝ limn→∝〈ψn, Aψm〉 = 〈ψ, Aψ〉 instead of a single limit. Practical conditions that guarantee the stability of single-limit calculations are given. It is also shown that the L2 covergence of wave functions implies the convergence in the L1(R3)-norm of their corresponding densities. This permits us to prove Weinhold's conjecture that the rate of convergence of densities are greater than that of wave functions. The results are extended to the momentum space, and their equivalence with those of position space is shown. Properties of Lp spaces are used to introduce the Cauchy criterion that permits us to check the convergence in norm of approximate wave functions and their densities, as well as to estimate exact errors. This is illustrated by a numerical example. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 49-56 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The geometries, successive binding energies, vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities are calculated for the [Li(H2O)n]+ and [K(H2O)n]+ (n = 1-4) complexes. The basis sets used are 6-31G* and LANL1DZ (Los Alamos ECP+DZ) at the SCF and MP2 levels. There is an agreement for calculated structures and frequencies between the MP2/6-31G* and MP2/LANL1DZ basis sets, which indicates that the latter can be used for calculations of water complexes with heavier ions. Our results are in a reasonable agreement with available experimental data and facilitate experimental study of these complexes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 57-65 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that the mechanism of spontaneous infrared emission enhances substantially the stability of the long-lived ground electronic state of the exotic BeH2+, whose autodissociation becomes possible only via tunneling. The system, initially situated in any vibrational level (except the high-lying ones for which dissociation is predominate) and statistically distributed over all rotational states, reaches stability through a cascade of dipole emissions toward lower levels. The rapid spatial variation of the dipole moment results in fast radiative processes and might suggest experimental observations easier to perform. The methodology is based on a recently presented analytic discrete variable representation (DVR) [D.T. Colbert and W.H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 1982 (1992)] that facilitates calculations. This might prove particularly useful to spectroscopists, allowing a check of the quality of potentials produced by inversion methods or the reliable calculation of spectrochemical quantities. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 37-47 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stepwise acid dissociation constants for p-benzohydroquinone (QH2) in aqueous media have been explicitly calculated for the first time, with the INDO parametrized SCF-MO method. We have optimized the geometries of QH2, QH-, and Q2- and of the QH2 · 6H2O, QH- · (H3O+) · 5H2O, and Q2- · (H3O+)2 · 4H2O systems that model the solvated species. The presence of the associated water molecules (and hydronium ions) account for the stabilization due to hydrogen bonding as well as for a part of the effect of interaction of these molecules with the respective reaction fields in an aqueous medium. To simulate the first solvation shell in a more complete manner, four more water molecules have been considered to be placed above and below the quinonoid ring and the optimized geometries of the resulting hydrated species, QH2 · 10H2O, QH- · (H3O+) · 9H2O, and QH- · (H3O+) · 8H2O, have been determined. The standard free-energy changes calculated for the dissociation of QH2 into QH- and H+ is 0.0251 Hartree (65.9 kJ mol-1) and that of QH- into Q2- and H+ is 0.0285 Hartree (74.8 kJ mol-1). Experimentally observed dissociation constants for these two steps correspond to free-energy changes of 0.0214 Hartree (56.2 kJ mol-1) and 0.0248 Hartree (65.1 kJ mol-1), respectively. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 67-76 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We consider a crystal as partitioned into a localized molecular cluster (containing a defect or not) and an embedding region. Within the Hartree-Fock formalism, an expression is derived for an effective potential due to the embedding region of crystal. This potential is part of the cluster Fock operator and requires input from a perfect crystal calculation. Special features of the derivative are rigorous inclusion of cluster-embedding overlap and orthogonality between single-electron states of the embedding region and the function-space manifold of the cluster; physically correct normalization of the Fock eigenstates; and a nontrivial total-energy algorithm. Computational requirements are qualitatively compared with those for an isolated cluster. The method allows for intracluster (and intraembedding) correlation and can be adapted straightforwardly to local density functional approaches. Fundamental aspects of the embedding problem are addressed in a general formulation that is, nevertheless, oriented toward explicit calculations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 77-81 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report here the first quantitative theory of the change of anisotropic Fermi surfaces (FS) due to the dynamical e-e interaction. The new FS is constructed as a self-consistent solution of the Dyson equation. This incorporates effects of “anomalous” diagrams, absent in the usual perturbation theory, but which are responsible for changing the FS. Calculations are presented for 2D electrons. Correlations reduce the anisotropy. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 53 (1995), S. 95-95 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 93
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theoretical study of the thermally allowed conrotatory opening of cyclobutene (1) and cis- (2) and trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-diazacyclobutadiene (3) were performed with ab initio and density functional calculations. The reactants and the transition states were fully optimized by using the 6-31 + G** basis set with RHF, MP2, SVWN, and BLYP methods. The calculated activation barriers for the ring opening of 1 with both MP2 and SVWN incorporating ZPVF correction give extraordinary agreement with the experimental value. The predicted activation energies for 2 and 3 are lower than in the case of the cyclobutene ring opening. Of the two 1,2-dihydro-1,2-diazacyclobutadiene isomers, the trans isomer has a lower activation barrier. The structural and energy differences and the trend among these compounds are interpreted in terms of orbital overlap and steric interactions in the course of the conrotatory ring opening. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 94
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 157-162 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A relationship between the atomic form factor, F(k), and its first derivative, both at the origin, is presented. A new function f(k), related in a simple way to F(k), has been studied and some applications have been performed. They led us to find lower bounds to F(k) for all k and to other quantities such as the charge density at the origin, ρ(0), and radial expectation values. Finally, interesting effects on the Laplacian of f(k) due to the atomic shell structure were found. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 163-173 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An automated method by the algebraic programming language REDUCE3 for specifying the matrix elements expressed in second quantization language is presented and then applied to the case of the matrix elements in the TDHF theory. This program works in a very straightforward way by commuting the electron creation and annihilation operators (a† and a) until these operators have completely vanished from the expression of the matrix element under the appropriate elimination conditions. An improved method using singlet generators of unitary transformations in the place of the electron creation and annihilation operators is also presented. This improvement reduces the time and memory required for the calculation. These methods will make programming in the field of quantum chemistry much easier. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work deals with two shortcomings in the use of Morse potentials to describe energy spectra and transitions of diatomic molecules: (1) Morse's well-known “exact” solution for purely vibrational states includes the unphysical region - ∞ 〈 r 〈 0 of the internuclear separation, and (2) Franck-Condon factors are evaluated in harmonic and anharmonic approximations to the Morse potentials. The method of confining the molecule in a spherical box is developed to obtain (1) purely vibrational energy spectra and eigenvectors of Morse potentials in the physical region 0 ≤ r 〈 ∞, and (2) the corresponding Franck-Condon factors without any additional approximations. The method is applied to Li2, N2, CN, and CO molecules. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 129-155 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We show that the irreducible tensor operators of the unitary group provide a natural operator basis for the exponential Ansatz which preserves the spin symmetry of the reference state, requires a minimal number of independent cluster amplitudes for each substitution order, and guarantees the invariance of the correlation energy under unitary transformations of core, open-shell, and virtual orbitals. When acting on the closed-shell reference state with nc doubly occupied and nv unoccupied (virtual) orbitals, the irreducible tensor operators of the group U(nc) ⊗ U(nV) generate all Gelfand-Tsetlin (GT) states corresponding to appropriate irreducible representation of U(nc + nv). The tensor operators generating the M-tuply excited states are easily constructed by symmetrizing products of M unitary group generators with the Wigner operators of the symmetric group SM. This provides an alternative to the Nagel-Moshinsky construction of the GT basis. Since the corresponding cluster amplitudes, which are also U(nc) ⊗ U(ns) tensors, can be shown to be connected, the irreducible tensor operators of U(nc) ⊗ U(nv) represent a convenient basis for a spin-adapted full coupled cluster calculation for closed-shell systems. For a high-spin reference determinant with n, singly occupied open-shell orbitals, the corresponding representation of U(n), n=nc + nv + ns is not simply reducible under the group U(nc) ⊗ U(ns) ⊗ U(nv). The multiplicity problem is resolved using the group chain U(n) ⊃ U(nc + nv) ⊗ U(ns) ⊃ U(nc) ⊗U(ns)⊗ U(nv) ⊗ U(nv). The labeling of the resulting configuration-state functions (which, in general, are not GT states when nc 〉 1) by the irreducible representations of the intermediate group U(nc + nv) ⊗U(ns) turns out to be equivalent to the classification based on the order of interaction with the reference state. The irreducible tensor operators defined by the above chain and corresponding to single, double, and triple substitutions from the first-, second-, and third-order interacting spaces are explicitly constructed from the U(n) generators. The connectedness of the corresponding cluster amplitudes and, consequently, the size extensivity of the resulting spin-adapted open-shell coupled cluster theory are proved using group theoretical arguments. The perturbation expansion of the resulting coupled cluster equations leads to an explicitly connected form of the spin-restricted open-shell many-body perturbation theory. Approximation schemes leading to manageable computational procedures are proposed and their relation to perturbation theory is discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the EHMO approach, the band structures for the Y—Ba—Cu—O superconductors doped by La were calculated. The influence of the partial substitutions of La for Y and Ba in YBa2CU3Oy on its electronic structures was investigated. The results demonstrate that the La doping at the Ba site has a great effect on the electronic structures of the Y—Ba—Cu—O superconductors, whereas the change in the band structures caused by the La doping at the Y site is very small. The increase in the oxygen content caused by the La doping results in an increase in the densities of states at Ef, N(Ef), for La1+x Ba2-xCu3Oy, but the increase in N(Ef) cannot compensate the decrease caused by the La doping at the Ba site. In addition, the 2D Cu—O planes are much more sensitive to the change in N(Ef) than are the 1D Cu—O ribbons, which implies an important role of the 2D Cu—0 planes in the Y—Ba—Cu—O superconducting system, regardless of whether La substitutes for Y or for Ba. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 197-198 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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