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  • 1995-1999  (645)
  • 1997  (645)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (608)
  • crystal structure  (134)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Rhenium ; dirhenium complexes ; rhenium–rhenium multiple bonds ; isocyanide ligands ; carbonyl ligand ; structural isomers ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of the unsymmetrical, coordinatively unsaturated dirhenium(II) complex [(XylNC)(OC)CIRe(μ-dppm)2ReCl2]O3SCF3 (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) with one equivalent of XylNC in CH2Cl2 affords a fifth structural isomer of the [Re2Cl3(μ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)2] + cation; this is believed to have a CO-bridged structure of the type [(XylNC)ClRe(μ-Cl)(μ-CO)(μ-dppm)2ReCl(CNXyl)]+. The latter complex reacts with a further equivalent of XylNC in the presence of Tl+ to form the [Re2Cl2(μ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)3]2+ cation, which has been shown by IR spectroscopy, and by the X-ray crystallographic characterization of its neutral congener Re2Cl2(μ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)3, to contain a very weak and unsymmetrical CO bridge.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 569-586 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystal structure ; metal(II) picolinate and quinaldinate ; thermal degradation of imidazole and pyrazole complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Complexes of the type M(Pa)2(HAz)2 and M(QA)2(HAz)2 (M=cobalt(II) and nickel(II); HPa=picolinic acid, HQa=quinaldic acid; HAz=azoles like imidazole (Him), pyrazole (HPz), benzimidazole (HBzIm) etc.) show a similar thermal behaviour. In the first step of decomposition the corresponding azolinium picolinates or quinaldinates (H2AzPa, H2AzQa) are split off with formation of polymeric mixed ligand complexes M(Pa)(Az) or M(Qa)(Az). X-ray analysis of Co(Qa)2(HBzIm)2 XIIIa illustrates a proton transfer and a subsequent thermal removal of benzimidazolinium quinaldinate (H2BzImQa): Hydrogen bridges from pyrrole nitrogen of the benzimidazole to the non-coordinated oxygen of the quinaldinate predetermine the thermal initiated proton transfer. The high volatility of the heterocyclic acids and the nitrogen coordination are responsible for the formation of the mixed ligand complex Co(Qa)(BzIm) XIVa. Exceptions are the complexes M(Pa)2(HPz)2 XIa-b and M(Qa)2(HIm)2 XVIIa-b. Pyrazole is eliminated from the complexes XIa-b with formation of the solvent-free inner complex M(Pa)2 XIIa-b. From compounds XVIIIa-b quinaldic acid or their decomposition products are split off and a high temperature modification of M(Im)2 XVIIIa-b is formed at elevated temperature. XVIIIa-b are decomposed to the cyanides M(CN)2 similarly to the thermal behaviour of Cu(Im). In the first step the thermal degradation of imidazole and pyrazole adducts of copper(II) picolinates and quinaldinates is characterized by the elimination of azoles. The reason for this thermal behaviour is the weaker coordination of the azole heterocycles in copper chelate compounds.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 8 (1997), S. 521-531 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Zirconium clusters ; isocyanide ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first isocyanide ligated hexanuclear zirconium halide cluster is reported. The unoxidized [(Zr6Be)Cl12(CNXyl)6] (CNXyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide) was obtained from the solid state precursor K3Zr6Cl15Be by dissolution in CH3CN in the presence of CNXyl. The CNXyl ligands occupy all the axial positions on the cluster. The compound was recrystallized from CH2Cl2 and Et2O. [(Zr6Be)Cl12(CNXyl)6].2CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the space group $${\text{P}}\overline {\text{1}} $$ (#2) with a = 12.092(5) Å, b=12.728(5) Å, c = 14.102(8) Å, α = 104.98(4)°, β =107.11°, γ = 100.94°, V = 1919(2) Å3, Z = l, R = 11.3% and R W = 27.0%. For the bound isocyanide ligands, v CN increases to 2140 cm−1.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 8 (1997), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Dibenzanthracene ; trinitrobenzene complex ; trinitrobenzene complex ; π-complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the complex between the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon di-benz[a,c]anthracene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is reported. The crystals are triclinic, space group P¯1 with unit cell dimensionsa=7.277(2) å,b=11.237(6) å, andc=13.902(5) å,α= 104.13(4)
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Tautomerism ; anthraquinone ; crystal structure ; semiempirical computations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Substituted 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-9-imines have been found to exhibit tautomeric interconversions between the 9,10- and 1,10-quinonoid forms in the solid state as well as in solution. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography was used to study the structures of 4-(N-acetyl-p-tolylamino)-9-amino-1,10-anthracenedione and 4-hydroxy-1-phenylamino-10-mesitylimino-9(10H)-anthracenone at ambient and low temperatures. The former compound gave crystals belonging to the monoclinic space group P2l/c and, at 295 K,a=9.684(2),b=16.371(3),c=12.097(2) å,Β=110.41(1)
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Benzopsoralen ; photochemotherapeutic agent ; crystal structure ; molecular mechanics ; AM1 theoretical calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 5-Methoxy-4-methyl-2H-benzofuro[3,2-g]benzo-1-pyran-2-one was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined and compared with the optimal conformation arrived at by MM and AM1 theoretical calculations. The latter indicated that the tetracyclic skeleton is planar with total length (C2–C8) 9.23 å, and that the line joining the conters of the terminal-benzene and furan rings makes an angle of 30.5
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: β-Dimorph ; crystal structure ; dianilinegossypol ethylacetate 1 : 1 clathrate ; packing motifs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Depending on crystallization conditions, dianilinegossypol and ethylacetate form low (ambient temperature, α-phase) and high temperature (t = 35°C, β-phase) clathrate modifications. The structure of the α-phase has been discussed earlier [1]. Crystals of the 1 : 1 β-phase complex, C42H40O6N2·C4O2H8, are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 11.362(6), b = 19.479(9), c = 19.085(9) Å, β = 103.21(4)°, V = 4112(3)Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.084 for 3210 observed reflections. In these complexes centrosymmetric dimers of dianilinegossypol molecules formed via O(5)—H···O(3) hydrogen bonds are associated into columns by a weak O(8)—H···O(7) H-bond. A difference in the structure of these two phases is in the packing mode of the columns. The angle formed by intersecting host columns is about 126° for the α-phase and 104° for the β-modification. Guest molecules are hydrogen bonded to the host molecules via an O(1)—H···O(10) bond and are accommodated in channels in α-phase complex and in cavities in β-phase complex.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 28 (1997), S. 17-32 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Azocrown ether ; azoxycrown ether ; sodium complexes ; crystal structure ; X-ray analysis ; conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sodium iodide complexes of 13-membered azo-(I)and azoxycrown ethers (II) have been synthesized. Compound I[Na(L1 trans)2]⋅I⋅H2O is triclinic witha = 11.53(2), b = 15.74(2), c = 19.17(2) Å,α = 98.93(9), β = 105.51(9),γ = 89.20(9) deg.; Z = 4, space groupP1. Compound II [Na(L2)2]⋅I is orthorhombic witha = 12.451(2), b = 13.796(3), c = 18.667(4)Å; Z = 4, space group P212121. In bothcomplexes the cation is coordinated tochain oxygen atoms and to one nitrogen atom of the azoor azoxy unit. The ability of bothligands to form complexes in relation to thegeometry of the azo or azoxy subunit of themacrocycle is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 27 (1997), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Uranyl complexes ; calixarenes ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of the inclusion complex between uranyl and p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene are reported. [UO2 (p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene-4H]2- · $${\text{2HNE}}_{{\text{t}}_{\text{3}} }^{\text{ + }} $$ &·2MeOH(1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 30.06(2), b = 18.20(3), c = 31.35(2) Å, β = 128.51(6)°, V = 13423(40) Å3, Z = 8. Refinement led to a final conventional R value of 0.043 for 4155 reflections. The uranyl ion is bonded, in its equatorial plane, to the five oxygen atoms of the calixarene, four of which are deprotonated. A protonated triethylamine molecule is located inside the calixarene cavity and hydrogen bonded to a uranyl oxygen atom, and another one outside and hydrogen bonded to a calixarene oxygen atom. The calixarene conformation is the usual cone one.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[4]arene ; polyether ; crystal structure ; alkali metal ion binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ligand 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,27-di(phenylmethoxy)-26,28-di(2-methoxy-ethoxy)calix[4]arene,designed as an analogue of some calixcrown speciesin order to evaluate possible origins of their selectivity in alkali metal ion binding, has been synthesised and structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography. The crystals are monoclinic, P21/n, a = 15.940(6), b = 19.388(5), c = 20.020(5) Å,β = 109.10(2) deg., Z = 4, conventional R on |F| being 0.073 for 3454 independent, ’observed‘ (I 〉 3σ(I)) reflections. 1H-NMR studies in 1:1 CD3CN/CDCl3solvent have shown that the ligand exerts a strong preference for the lighteralkali metal ions (Li+ and Na+) contrary to the binding behaviour of knowncalixcrowns. This may reflect interactions restricted to the lower rim donor atoms without concomitant interaction with the calixarene π-electrons, perhaps because the latter interactions are substituted by those with the benzyl group π-electrons.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Dianilinegossypol ; crystal structure ; host–guest complexes ; H-bond ; α- and β-dimorphs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dianilinegossypol forms a 1 : 2 host-guest complex with DMSO:monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 8.522(3), b = 18.034(4), c= 28.462(6) Å, β = 94.14(2)°, V = 4362Å3, Z = 4, D x = 1.26 g cm-3, T = 295 K.Final R value is 0.102 for 1793 observed reflections. A 1 : 1 : 1 adduct ofdianilinegossypol with 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dichloroethane is found to beisostructural with the dianilinegossypol complex with DMSO: monoclinic,space group P21/n, a = 8.281(2), b = 19.245(3), c = 27.970(7)Å, β = 95.18°, V = 4439 Å3, Z = 4, D x =1.28 g cm-3, T = 295 K. Final R value is 0.114 for 2458observed reflections.The host molecules are associated by O(4)—H ...O(3) H-bonds toinfinite chains running in the direction of the c-axis The chains areincorporated into layers through 1,4-dioxane or DMSO molecules havingH-bonds with dianilinegossypol molecules. Another DMSO or 1,2-dichloroethanemolecule is included as a guest in the channels formed between the layers.At 60 °C a cryptate-type inclusion complex of dianilinegossypol isformed with DMSO or 1,4-dioxane. It is isostructural with the acetonecomplex reported in Part IV of the present series.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 29 (1997), S. 175-185 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene ; synthesis ; complexation ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The formation of p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene by the opening ofp-tert-butyldihomooxacalix [4]arene and the addition of a monomer has beenstudied. Various facets, including the effects of bases and the nature ofthe monomer added to the p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene, have beeninvestigated. p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene can be prepared in yields up to30%. The structure of its 1 : 2 complex with DMF has been determinedby X-ray crystallography. Crystals are triclinic, space group P¯1, a =1428.2(3) pm, b = 1837.3(3) pm, c = 1276.1(2) pm, α = 108.98(1)°,β = 105.02(2)°, γ = 95.21(1)°, Z = 2, D c = 1.059 kg m-3,final R value = 0.087. The macrocycle adopts a cone conformation, one guestenclosed inside the cavity, the other one outside.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 27 (1997), S. 169-178 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Bridged calix[4]arene ; ditopic receptor ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of a new solvate of the ditopic receptor 1,3-calix[4]-bis-crown-6, Bis-C6, and of 1,3-calix[4]-bis-(benzo-crown-6), Bis-benzoC6, are reported. Bis-C6.3 CH3CN (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 14.388(3), b = 26.947(8), c = 14.707(4) Å, β = 113.19(3)°, V = 5241(5) Å3, Z = 4. Refinement led to a final conventional R value of 0.092 for 2723 reflections. The structure of (1) differs from the previously reported structure of Bis-C6.4 CH3CN by the conformation of one crown either chain. Two acetonitrile molecules are in the close neighbourhood of the crown ether cavities. Bis-benzoC6.3 CH3CN (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 10.391(4), b = 17.264(11), c = 30.426(9) Å, β = 94.62(3)°, V = 5440(7) Å3, Z = 4. Refinement led to a final conventional R value of 0.106 for 2965 reflections. Two acetonitrile molecules are located near the crown ether cavities, as in (1). One of the crown ether conformations is the same as in the binuclear caesium complex of Bis-benzoC6, supporting the hypothesis of a preorganization of this ligand towards the complexation of this ion; the second crown ether chain is partially disordered.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 28 (1997), S. 125-140 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: X-ray ; crystal structure ; Li-complex ; triamides ; 1H-NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the lithium complex with1,3,5-tris[oxymethylene(N,N-dicyclohexyl)carboxyamido]cyclohexanehas been determined by the X-ray method.The compound is triclinic, space group P¯1,a = 15.623(3), b = 19.279(4),c = 19.295(4)Å α = 102.32(3), β = 92.45(3),γ = 105.67(3)0, V = 5436(2)Å3, Z = 4. Itscomposition is represented by the formulaC48H82N3O6LiI 0.5H2O. The lithium cationis encapsulated in a polar pseudo-cavity of six oxygen atoms of the ligandmolecule and displays a distorted trigonal prism coordination. The conformationof the ligand in the solid state complex has been compared with the conformationof the complex in solution determined by 1H-NMR measurements. Supplementary data relevant to this publication have been deposited with the British Library, No. SUP 82224 (21 pages).
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 29 (1997), S. 335-346 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Glycophane ; macrocycle ; carbohydrate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Preparation of two new glycophanes is reported. These compounds arecomprised of two glucose molecules linked by hydrocarbon units at the 1,1′ and 3, 3′ or 3, 3′ and 6, 6′ positions. Thecrystal structure of one of the glycophanes is also described.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: small-angle scattering ; x-rays ; allosteric enzymes ; crystal structure ; rigid body modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Solution scattering curves evaluated from the crystal structures of the T and R states of the allosteric enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli were compared with the experimental x-ray scattering patterns. Whereas the scattering from the crystal structure of the T state agrees with the experiment, large deviations reflecting a significant difference between the quaternary structures in the crystal and in solution are observed for the R state. The experimental curve of the R state was fitted by rigid body movements of the subunits in the crystal R structure which displace the latter further away from the T structure along the reaction coordinates of the T→R transition observed in the crystals. Taking the crystal R structure as a reference, it was found that in solution the distance between the catalytic trimers along the threefold axis is 0.34 nm larger and the trimers are rotated by 11° in opposite directions around the same axis; each of the three regulatory dimers is rotated by 9° around the corresponding twofold axis and displaced by 0.14 nm away from the molecular center along this axis. Proteins 27:110-117 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: Brownian dynamics ; molecular recognition ; site-directed mutagenesis ; facilitated diffusion ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Key charged residues in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) promote electrostatic steering of the superoxide substrate to the active site Cu ion, resulting in dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Lys-136, along with the adjacent residues Glu-132 and Glu-133, forms a proposed electrostatic triad contributing to substrate recognition. Human Cu,Zn SODs with single-site replacements of Lys-136 by Arg, Ala, Gln, or Glu or with a triple-site substitution (Glu-132 and Glu-133 to Gln and Lys-136 to Ala) were made to test hypotheses regarding contributions of these residues to Cu,Zn SOD activity. The structural effects of these mutations were modeled computationally and validated by the X-ray crystallographic structure determination of Cu,Zn SOD having the Lys-136-to-Glu replacement. Brownian dynamics simulations and multiple-site titration calculations predicted mutant reaction rates as well as ionic strength and pH effects measured by pulse-radiolytic experiments. Lys-136-to-Glu charge reversal decreased dismutation activity 50% from 2.2 × 109 to 1.2 × 109 M-1 s-1 due to repulsion of negatively charged superoxide, whereas charge-neutralizing substitutions (Lys-136 to Gln or Ala) had a less dramatic influence. In contrast, the triple-mutant Cu,Zn SOD (all three charges in the electrostatic triad neutralized) surprisingly doubled the reaction rate compared with wild-type enzyme but introduced phosphate inhibition. Computational and experimental reaction rates decreased with increasing ionic strength in all of the Lys-136 mutants, with charge reversal having a more pronounced effect than charge neutralization, implying that local electrostatic effects still govern the dismutation rates. Multiple-site titration analysis showed that deprotonation events throughout the enzyme are likely responsible for the gradual decrease in SOD activity above pH 9.5 and predicted a pKa value of 11.7 for Lys-136. Overall, Lys-136 and Glu-132 make comparable contributions to substrate recognition but are less critical to enzyme function than Arg-143, which is both mechanistically and electrostatically essential. Thus, the sequence-conserved residues of this electrostatic triad are evidently important solely for their electrostatic properties, which maintain the high catalytic rate and turnover of Cu,Zn SOD while simultaneously providing specificity by selecting against binding by other anions. Proteins 29:103-112, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: bactericidal antibody ; crystal structure ; Neisseria meningitidis ; peptide-fluorescein conjugate ; PorA outer membrane protein ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Class 1 outer membrane protein PorA of Neisseria meningitidis is a vaccine candidate against bacterial meningitis. Antibodies against PorA are able to induce complement-mediated bacterial killing and thereby play an important role in protection against meningococcal disease. Bactericidal antibodies are all directed against variable regions VR1 and VR2 of the PorA sequence, corresponding to loops 1 and 4 of a two-dimensional topology model of the porin with eight extracellular loops. We have determined the crystal structure to 2.6 Å resolution of the Fab fragment of bactericidal antibody MN12H2 against meningococcal PorA in complex with a linear fluorescein-conjugated peptide TKDTNNNL derived from the VR2 sequence of sero-subtype P1.7,16 (residues 180-187) from meningococcal strain H44/76. The peptide folds deeply into the binding cavity of the Fab molecule in a type I β-turn, with the minimal P1.16 epitope DTNNN virtually completely buried. The structure reveals H-bonds and van der Waals interactions with all minimal epitope residues and one essential salt bridge between Asp-182 of the peptide and His-31 of the MN12H2 light chain. The key components of the recognition of PorA epitope P1.16 by bactericidal antibody MN12H2 correspond well with available thermodynamic data from binding studies. Furthermore, they indicate the structural basis of an increased endemic incidence of infection by group B meningococci in England and Wales since 1981 associated with the occurrence of an Neisseria meningitidis escape mutant (strain MC58). The observed three-dimensional conformation of the peptide provides a rationale for the development of a synthetic peptide vaccine against meningococcal disease. Proteins 29:113-125, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,4-benzenedithiol ; 1,4-diethynylbenzene ; crystal structure ; solid-state polymerization ; layer structure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) was determined by the Rietveld method based on the calculation of the atomic coordinates of the BDT molecule using the Molecular Mechanics Program (MMP2). The refined crystal structure of BDT was monoclinic P21/c with dimensions, a = 7.795, b = 7.290, c = 5.955 Å, β = 92.16°, z = 2. The R factor of the refined structure was 0.038. Using above results, the mechanism of solid-state addition polymerization of BDT to 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) was studied. Sublimed BDT piles up onto glass plate substrate and forms the layer structure along with the a axis. An inclination angle of the piled BDT column was 60° toward the substrate surface. DEB crystal structure was also monoclinic P21/c with a = 4.007, b = 6.018; c = 15.340 Å, β = 91.42°, z = 2. Sublimation of equimolar mixture of BDT and DEB gave a crystal having 1 : 1 composition, in which DEB column is situated between the columns of BDT. Relative arrangement of both monomers was suitable for the addition of —SH and —C=CH groups, since the distance between the two groups is 3.3 Å by CERIUS II calculation. Therefore, the addition polymerization of BDT to DEB easily proceeded by UV irradiation and the resulting polymer had a highly layer structure along with the a axis of BDT crystal. Tentatively estimated crystal structure of polymer obtained is monoclinic with a = 7.73, b = 7.30, c = 5.95 Å, β = 92.16°. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1621-1625, 1997
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: bovine α-chymotrypsin ; bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz-type inhibitor) ; serine proteinase:Kunitz inhibitor complex ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The crystal structure of bovine α-chymotrypsin (α-CHT) in complex with the bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been solved and refined at 2.8 Å resolution (R-factor=0.18). The proteinase:inhibitor complex forms a compact dimer (two α-CHT and two BPTI molecules), which may be stabilized by surface-bound sulphate ions, in the crystalline state. Each BPTI molecule, at opposite ends, is contacting both proteinase molecules in the dimer, through the reactive site loop and through residues next to the inhibitor's C-terminal region. Specific recognition between α-CHT and BPTI occurs at the (re)active site interface according to structural rules inferred from the analysis of homologous serine proteinase:inhibitor complexes. Lys15, the P1 residue of BPTI, however, does not occupy the α-CHT S1 specificity pocket, being hydrogen bonded to backbone atoms of the enzyme surface residues Gly216 and Ser217. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: crystal structure ; NMR spectroscopy ; proton transfer ; pyrazoles ; tautomerism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray analysis at 200 K. Three independent molecules form a trimer joined by strong and linear N-H … N hydrogen bonds. There is another centrosymmetrically related trimer in the unit cell. Both tautomers (1H and 2H) are present in each trimer. Disorder of the NH protons involved in the N-H … N hydrogen bonds has been observed. Solid-state 13C CPMAS NMR was used to establish the dynamic nature of the NH-proton disorder, the title compound being the first example of proton transfer in a tautomeric mixture of pyrazoles with an equilibrium constant other than 1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: crystal structure ; cyclophanes ; electrochemistry ; porphyrazines ; tetrathiafulvalenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrazinoporphyrazine system 13 (metal-free, zinc and copper derivatives) has been synthesised by tetramerisation of 2,3-dicyanopyrazine monomer unit 10. The structure of 13a-c has been established by 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The electrochemical redox behaviour of 13a-c is strongly solvent dependent. The expected two-stage oxidation of the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units of 13a-c was observed in a range of solvents; in addition, oxidation and reduction of the pyrazinoporphyrazine core of the metal-free derivative 13a was detected in benzonitrile. On excitation of 13 in the Q-band region no fluorescence was observed, which is presumably the consequence of intramolecular charge transfer between the TTF moieties and the excited state of the central porphyrazine. Molecular modelling studies on 13a and 13c are reported. During the course of this work, the novel TTF macrocycles 11 and 20 were synthesised; their X-ray crystal structures reveal severely bent TTF units, the conformations of which are discussed in detail. The X-ray crystal structures of the bis(1,3-dithiole) systems 15 and 18 have also been determined.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 14 (1997), S. 677-690 
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: molecular dynamics ; crystal structure ; cellulose I and II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the crystal structures of the Iβ and II phases of cellulose. Structural proposals for each of these were made in the 1970s on the basis of X-ray diffraction data. However, due to the limited resolution of these data some controversies remained and details on hydrogen bonding could not be directly obtained. In contrast to structure factor amplitudes in X-ray diffraction, energies, as obtained from MD simulations, are very sensitive to the positions of the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms. Therefore the latter technique is very suitable for obtaining such structural details. MD simulations of the Iβ phase clearly shows preference for one of the two possible models in which the chains are packed in a parallel orientation. Only the parallel-down mode (in the definition of Gardner and Blackwell (1974) J Biopolym 13: 1975-2001) presents a stable structure. The hydrogen bonding consists of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds parallel to the glycosidic linkage for both chains, and two intralayer hydrogen bonds. The layers are packed hydrophobically. All hydroxymethyl group are positioned in the tg conformation. For the cellulose II form it was found that, in contrast to what seemed to emerge from the X-ray fibre diffraction data, both independent chains had the gt conformation. This idea already existed because of elastic moduli calculations and 13C-solid state NMR data. Recently, the structure of cellotetraose was determined. There appear to be a striking similarity between the structure obtained from the MD simulations and this cellotetraose structure in terms of packing of the two independent molecules, the hydrogen bonding network and the conformations of the hydroxymethyl group, which were also gt for both molecules. The structure forms a 3D hydrogen bonded network, and the contribution from electrostatics to the packing is more pronounced than in case of the Iβ structure. In contrast to what is expected, in view of the irreversible transition of the cellulose I to II form, the energies of the Iβ form is found to be lower than that of II by 1 kcal mol-1 per cellobiose.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: crystal structure ; cyclobutenes ; nickel ; radialenes ; radical reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of hexakis(dibromomethyl)benzene with [(Bu3P)2-Ni(COD)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in DMF at 65-70°C yielded a mixture of the title compounds. The mixture was separated by column chromatography to yield hexabromotricyclobutabenzene (3 a) and hexabromohexaradialene (4) in 24 and 16% yields, respectively. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy suggest that 3 is obtained as the syn-all-trans isomer 3 a, and the symmetric anti-all-trans isomer 3 b is not obtained at all. The X-ray structures of 3 a and 4 are reported. The hexaradialene 4 has a chair conformation, and deviates from planarity by 43.6°. Heat or radical impurities cause the clean transformation of 3 a to 4.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: crystal structure ; electrophilic aromatic substitutions ; magnesium ; regioselectivity ; template synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of the bromomagnesium phenolate 5 and its complex 7 with para-isopropylbenzaldehyde are reported; for the first time it has been possible to demonstrate that the reactive complex 7, responsible for the complete ortho-regioselective control in the alkylation of phenoxymagnesium bromides with aldehydes, is not obtained by simple replacement of the ethereal ligand but by expansion of the metal coordination sphere from 4 (usual tetrahedral configuration) to 5. We infer from 1H NMR studies that the magnesium coordination of complex 7 in solution is analogous to that shown in the solid state, with a complexed ethereal molecule.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: cadmium ; crystal structure ; hydrothermal synthesis ; hydroxyphosphate ; molybdenum ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new molybdenum(v) hydroxyphosphates have been synthesized hydrothermally, Na2Cd3(Mo2O4OH)6-(PO4)2(PO3OH)6[N(CH3)4]4·10H20 (1) and Cd9(Mo2O4OH)12(PO4)6(PO3OH)10-[N(CH3)4]8·15H2O (2). Their structures have been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The water molecules and hydroxyl groups have been deduced from valence calculations. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P1, with the cell parameters for 1 a = 12.340(2), b = 12.596(1), c = 14.717(2) Å, α = 107.24(1)°, β = 89.83(1)°, γ = 114.31(1)°, V = 1972.3(4) Å3, and for 2 a = 11.942(1), b = 13.339(2), c = 26.765(3) Å, α = 85.33(1)°, β = 86.87(1)°, γ = 64.08(1)°, V = 3821.3(9) Å3. The two frameworks can be described on the basis of similar [Mo6P4X31]n- (X = O, OH) anionic clusters, but 1 is a tridimensional structure, whereas 2 exhibits a monodimensional structure.
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 623-630 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ultra-high modulus and molecular weight polyethylene fibers (UHM-WPE) ; high-temperature wide-angle x-ray diffraction (HTWAXD) ; crystal structure ; orthorhombic/monoclinic/pseudohexagonal transformation ; annealing and thermal behavior ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) of the ultra-high modulus and molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers at room temperature shows a predominantly orthorhombic structure with trace amount of nonorthorhombic crystals and very low amorphous contents. The calculated unit cell dimensions a and b of the orthorhombic crystals are 7.36 (±0.04) Å, and 4.89 (±0.04) Å, respectively. The apparent crystallite sizes perpendicular to the orthorhombic 110 and 200 reflection planes are 169.8 and 143.4 Å, respectively. The crystallite size perpendicular to the nonorthorhombic 010 reflection is 149.4 Å. The crystal density is calculated to be 1.02 g/cc. With increasing temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient in the a direction is much higher than that in the b direction which explains the structural transformation from the orthorhombic crystals to a pseudohexagonal form. Tension along the fiber axis while being heated during the high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HTWAXD) scanning has shown enhanced structural transformation from the orthorhombic form to the monoclinic form. Structural transformation from the orthorhombic form to the pseudohexagonal phase is not observed on the UHMWPE fibers under axial tension or annealing conditions in HTWAXD. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 35: 623-630, 1997
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  • 28
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1533-1543 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polysilane ; lamellar microstructure ; crystal structure ; crystallization kinetics ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal behavior and physical structure of atactic poly(methyl-n-propylsilane) (PMPrS) have been investigated by complementary techniques. Temperature-dependent wide-angle X-ray scattering as well as thermal analysis clearly indicate that atactic PMPrS crystallizes below 40°C in a monoclinic lattice with PMPrS adopting an all-trans planar zigzag conformation. Above 40°C, the polymer is in the isotropic amorphous state. A restricted analysis of the structure factors of PMPrS has been performed, indicating that the zigzag planes most probably lie in (110) planes. The chains pack with little interpenetration, and the crystals may be considered as bundles of long, closely packed prisms. The restricted interlocking of neighboring chains results, in turn, in a poor register of the chains along the c-axis. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy reveals that the crystallized polymer adopts a lamellar microstructure, with parallel lamellae tending to form tight bundles. Both electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering indicate crystal thicknesses of about 60 Å. Finally, PMPrS was found to crystallize with a nucleation-controlled type of kinetics. Avrami exponents were calculated as n ≈ 1, suggesting a fibrillar growth geometry compatible with the absence of spherulitic superstructure. A double-melting behavior is also observed for PMPrS. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1533-1543, 1997
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1575-1588 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(naphthalic anhydride) ; crystal structure ; electron diffraction ; confined thin film melt polymerization ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of poly(naphthalic anhydride) (PNA) have been grown using our confined thin film melt polymerization technique. Lamellae, 70-100 Å thick, are found for the crystals polymerized at 180°C with thinner lamellae for a 200°C polymerization temperature. In addition, irregular lath-shaped crystals are found for both polymerization temperatures, apparently formed by a solid-state polymerization process within the original needle-like monomer crystals. The crystal structure of PNA has been studied by electron diffraction (ED) and computer modeling based on seven different zonal ED patterns. It is found that, in most cases, two or three different zonal patterns are superimposed with a common plane, suggesting variable chain tilting even in individual lamellae. Shearing of the material shortly after the initiation of polymerization, permitted obtaining an additional [010] zone ED pattern. A monoclinic unit cell with one chain, two repeat units is proposed based on measurements of 21 independent reflections; the space group is Pc11; a = 6.26 Å, b = 4.33 Å, c = 18.60 Å, and α = 122.5°. The computer-simulated (Cerius2) molecular conformation and chain packing are described with the corresponding simulated electron diffraction patterns being in good agreement with the observed ones. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1575-1588, 1997
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2511-2521 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: isotactic poly(propylenes) ; unit-cell density ; crystal structure ; unit-cell parameters ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The lattice parameters of a series of monoclinic metallocene poly(propylenes) of constant molecular weight are measured as a function of defect content, that vary between 0.3 and 2.35 total defects per 100 monomeric units. The parameters are also measured as a function of molecular weight for a fixed defect content and as a function of the crystallization temperature. The b axis is found to increase with decreasing isothermal crystallization temperature whereas only small changes are found for samples rapidly crystallized. The a and c axis showed basically no variation with crystallization temperature. The parameters of the unit cell were essentially constant with varying defect content in the poly(propylene) chain. Lack of observed effect on the dilation of the unit cell by increasing defects is a consequence of the rapid crystallization required to ensure formation of monoclinic crystals. The unit cell parameters increased as a mild function of the molecular weight. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2511-2521, 1997
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  • 31
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1807-1820 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(p-oxybenzoate) ; confined thin film melt polymerization ; epitaxy ; mica substrate ; morphology ; crystal structure ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of p-acetoxybenzoic acid between mica sheets, from both the melt and dilute solution, in a wide range of polymerization temperatures (180-400°C) yields an epitaxial-like overgrowth of PpOBA on the mica cleavage surface. The PpOBA overgrowth forms long rows by lateral aggregation of ribbon crystals situated in three substrate directions rotated by 60°. The c-axes of the PpOBA phase I and II lattices are parallel to the 001 plane of the mica, coinciding with the a-axes of the mica hexagonal structure. The aI- and bII-axes lie predominantly on the mica surface. The surface-orienting effect is tentatively attributed to surface steps and or/polar effects; lattice matching does not occur. The recrystallization of bulk polymer samples previously prepared also leads to ordering between mica like that in melt or solution polymerization. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1807-1820, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diastereoselective hydrogenation ; Folic acid ; Immobilized optically active rhodium(I)/diphosphane catalysts ; Leucovorin ; HPLC analysis of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the hydrogenation of the C=N bonds in the pyrazine ring of the vitamin folic acid (1) optically active rhodium(I)/diphosphane complexes immobilized on supports such as silica gel or Al2O3 were used. The reduction was carried out at 50 bar hydrogen pressure in an aqueous solution buffered to pH 7. Thus, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (2) was obtained which contains a new asymmetric center at C-6 of the pterine system. Therefore, in combination with the (S) configuration of the natural L-glutamic acid part of the molecule two diastereomers with (6S,S) and (6R,S) configuration arise. The relatively unstable tetrahydrofolic acid (2) was converted into its 5-formyl derivative folinic acid (4) by treatment with methyl formate/formic acid in a 5:1 mixture of DMSO/pyridine. The Ca salt of folinic acid (4) is the widely used drug leucovorin. The diastereomers were separated by silica gel HPLC. To the column bovine serum albumine (BSA) is covalently bound. With optically active rhodium(I)/diphosphane catalysts, immobilized on silica gel supports, a diastereoselectivity of up to 90% could be achieved in the hydrogenation of folic acid (1).
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  • 33
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 83-88 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Torsional (Z/E) isomerization ; Selectivity, regio- and stereo- ; Allylsilanes ; Allylic oxidation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alk-2-enylpotassium compounds having the endo conformation are synthetically very valuable precursors of (Z)-olefinic derivatives substituted at the outward allylic position. They may be generated by „stereoconservative‘ metalation of the readily available (Z)-alk-2-enes by using the superbasic mixture of butyllithium and potassium tert-butoxide or by metalation under similar conditions of stereorandom mixtures of alk-2-enes or alk-1-enes followed by torsional isomerization of the concomitantly formed exo conformers to the thermodynamically more stable endo species. The principal factors that dictate the rate and the extent of the endo/exo equilibration are the substrate geometry, the solvent, the temperature, the reagent stoichiometry, and catalysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkynes ; Triorganoaluminium compounds ; Cooligomerization ; Cage compounds ; Aluminium compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When the trialkylaluminium reagents 5 are allowed to react with phosphaalkynes 4 in n-pentane, a highly selective phosphaalkyne cyclotrimerization with incorporation of two organometallic units occurs (→ 6). The tetracyclooctane derivatives 6a-e represent the first examples of phosphorus-aluminium-carbon cage compounds. The polycyclic products 6 are able to function as ligands in transition-metal complexes (→ 7), which is illustrated by the reactions of 6b, c with nonacarbonyldiiron and pentacarbonyl(tetrahydrofuran)tungsten, respectively.
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  • 35
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc ; Sulfonate ligands ; Perchlorates ; Coordination modes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts are reported to incorporate sulfonate and perchlorate anions as ligands in zinc complexes of tripodal ligands. Using tris(benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (BIMA) only the aqua complexes [ (BIMA)Zn-OH2](RSO3)(ClO4) and [(BIMA)Zn-OH2](RSO3)2(R=CH3, CF3, p-tolyl) were accessible. Using substituted pyrazolylborates (Tp*), the same three sulfonate anions were found to be ligands in the complexes Tp*Zn-OSO2R. Spectroscopic evidence for perchlorate coordination in Tp*ZnClO4 · 2 DMSO conflicts with crystallograpic evidence against it in Tp*ZnClO4 · pyridine. The crystal structures of [(BIMA)Zn-OH2](CH3SO3)2, TpCum,MeZn-OS02CH3, TPtBu,MeZn-OSO2C6H4-p-CH3, and [TpCum,MeZn · NC5H5]ClO4 were determined.
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  • 36
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhenium ; Oxides ; Alkyl ligands ; Dirhenium compounds ; Metal-metal interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Most alkylrhenium(VII) oxides, e.g. ((cyclo)-C3H5)Re03 (2) are rather sensitive to temperature and moisture with the prominent exception of methyltrioxorhenium (1). The corresponding alkylrhenium(VI) oxides of formula [RR′(O)- Re(μ-O)]2 [R=R′=(cyclo)-C3H5 (3), iPr (4); R=CH3, R′=C2H5 (5), R=CH3, R′=iPr (6)] are much more stable in this regard. They can be handled in air at room temperature. They were synthesized from Re207 and dialkylzinc precursors, fully characterized and are available in much higher yields than their ReVII congeners. Mixed tetraalkyltetraoxodirhenium(VI) complexes (R # R′) synthesized from 1 and dialkylzinc compounds form as a mixture of cis/trans isomers. They are oily liquids at room temperature. The Re=O and Re-Re stretching force constants as a measure of the bond strengths, were determined from IR and Raman data.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 37
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 479-488 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Heterobimetallic complexes ; Carbene complexes ; Alkynes ; Coupling reaction ; Bridging ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sequential reaction of the dimethylamino(trimethylsilylethylnyl)carbene complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NMe2)C≡CSiMe3] [M' = W (1a)] with KF/THFMeOH, nBuLi and transition metal halides, [XMLn], affords heterobimetallic propynyliden complexes of the type [(CO)5M'=C(N-Me2)C≡CMLn] [MLn = Ni(PPh3) Cp (4a, b). Ni(PMe2Ph)2- {Mes) (Mes=2,4,6-C6H2Me3) (5a), Rh(CO)(PPh3)2 (6a), Fe(CO)2Cp (7a,b)]. In contrast, reaction of 1a with MeLi · LiBr and [IFe(CO)2Cp] yields the novel N-metallated complex [(CO)5W=C{N(ME)Fe(CO)2Cp}C≡CSiMe3] (8a). The complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NMe2)C≡CMLn=Fe(CO)2Cp (7a, b), Ru(CO)2Cp (10a,b), Ru(CO)(PPh3)Cp (11a), Mn(CO)5 (12a), Re(CO)5 (13a)] are accessible by Pd-catalyzed coupling of the C-stannylated carbene complexes [(CO)5M'=C-(NMe2)C≡CSnBu3] (9a, b) with [XMLn]. The related monomethylaminocarbene complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NHMe)C≡ CSnBu3] (16a, b), obtained by stannylation of [(C))5M'=C(NHMe)C=CH] (15a, B) with Bu3SnNEt2, react with [IFe(CO)2Cp] to give the bimetallic complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NHMe)C≡CFe(CO)2Cp] (17a, b). The complexes 4a, 5a, 7a and 10a were characterized by X-ray structural analysis. The spectroscopic and structural data suggest that the two metal centers in 4-7, 10-13, and 17 interact only weakly.
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  • 38
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 515-520 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Water-soluble ligands ; Diazo compounds ; Photolysis ; Cleavage reactions ; Zinc ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of the diazosulfonate p-H2N-C6H4-N=N-SO3Na 3 features a Z configuration of the diazo moiety and a nitrogen-sulfur bond. Each sodium atom is coordinated by one diazosulfonate substitutent in a chelating manner. Upon reaction of 3 with excess salicylaldehyde, the highly water-soluble Schiff base ligand 6 is obtained in good yield. Treatment of ZnCl2 with 2 equiv. of 6 gives the zinc complex 7. In all cases, the solubilizing diazosulfonate groups can be cleaved off photolytically, which offers an opportunity to precipitate the molecules from their aqueous solutions.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Mercury ; Lanthanides ; Lanthanoid(II) complexes ; (N-2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)(N-trimethylsily)amide complexes ; Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Mercury(II) amide complex Hg[N(SiMe3)(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2 (1) was prepared by reaction of HgBr2 with Li[N(SiMe3) 2,6-iPr2C6H3)] in diethyl ether solvent. Redox transmetallation reactions of 1 with elemental samarium, europium or ytterbium in THF solvent (THF = tetrahydrofuran), generated the novel divalent complexes Ln[N(SiMe3)(2,6-iPr2C6H3]2(THF)2 with Ln = Sm (2), Eu (3) and Yb (4). 4 was also synthesized by reaction of elemental ytterbium, HgPh2 and HN(SiMe3)(2,6-Me3)2]2(THF)2 [Ln = Sm (5), Yb (6)] by reaction of the metals with HgPh2 and HN(SiMe3)2. Thermal desolvation of 4 under high vacuum gave Yb(N)(SiMe3)2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2 (THF) (7), whereas under identical conditions 6 yielded the solvent-free complex [Yb[N{SiMe3)2]2]2. (8). The new compounds 1-4 and 7 are hydrocarbon soluble and 171Yb-NMR spectra were recorded for 4, 6, 7 and 8. X-ray crystal structure determinations of 2 and 4 revealed four-coordinate, distorted tetrahedral metal environments augmented by weak Ln…ipso-C(aryl) interactions.
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  • 40
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 443-452 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ab initio calculations ; Azides ; Density functional calculations ; Covalent azides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The experimental and theoretical chemistry of covalently bound azides is an area that has seen considerable renaissance over the past 10 years. This review is not exhaustive in scope but rather focuses on and highlights certain aspects in this field. In particular, the stability and dissociation of HN3 is discussed at a very high level of theory (CASSCF and MCSCF-CI) and compared and contrasted with experimental data and results from „medium“-level ab initio computations (MP2, B-LYP). From these results credence is given to those values calculated for larger systems and heavy elements for which very high level computations are not possible. The experimentally well-characterized covalent halogen azides (XN3, where X = F, Cl, Br, I) as well as the heavy-element group-15 compound Sb(N3)3 are discussed. The review also includes discussion of the bond properties of the highly unstable N-bound azides ON-N3 and (FSO2)2N-N3. In the final chapter attention is drawn to the recently predicted and eventually experimentally verified elusive species OCN-NCO, which is isoelectronic to the hitherto unknown diazide N6.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tin ; Lead ; 119Sn NMR ; Salt metathesis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of Na2[M2(CO) 10] (M = Cr, Mo, W) with SnHal2 (Hal = Cl, Br) is a well established procedure for the synthesis of anions of type A, [{(CO)5M)SnHal3]-. Conditions are described which, for the same type of procedure, result in the additional formation of dianions of type B, [{(CO)5M}2SnHal2]2-. Procedures for separating these two types of anions in the form of their stable [Ph4P]+ or [nBu4N]+ salts by appropriate salt metathesis are presented. The structures of theses species have been characterized by X-ray analysis of three salts containing type A anions and two salts containing type B anions. The reactivity of the type B salts containing the bulky cations [Ph4P]+ or [nBu4N]+, respectively, is remarkably low; the salts are, however, transformed into highly reactive sodium salts by further metathesis with Na[BPh4]. In such salts the halide substitutents are easily exchanged as shown by the synthesis of ]})CO(5Cr}2oxinato]- (4)- from [Na-(THF)x]2[{(CO)5Cr}2SnCl2] and sodium 8-oxoquinolate, Na[C9H6NO]. The structure of the anion, 4 is compared to the structure of [[(CO)5Cr)SnCl2· THF] and sodium 8-oxochinolate. The preparation of the dinuclear anions [{(CO)5Cr}2E(OOCCH3)2]2- (E = Sn, 2g; E = Pb, 3) is accomplished by the reaction of [Ph4P]2[Cr2(CO)10] with the corresponding acetates E(OOCCH3)2. While 2g and 3 are formal analogues of the type-B anions, their structures reveal an asymmetrical η2-coordination of the two acetato ligands, in each case ending up in a 4+2 coordination for the main group centres, instead of the four-coordination observed for [{(CO)5M}2SnHal2]2-, All compounds have been characterized by usual spetroscopic and analytical techniques. X-ray analyses have been performed for selected examples. 119Sn-NMR data are presented for all of the compounds which contain tin-centred ligands.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphorus heterocycles ; 1H-Phosphirenes ; Nucleophilic substitution reactions at 1H-phosphirenes ; Metal-complexation of functionalized 1H-phosphirenes ; Carbonyl complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The halogen atoms in the 1-chloro-1H-phosphirenes, 5a-c, are easily substituted on reaction with organolithium and Grignard reagents, 14a-p, with formation of the corresponding O-, N-, C-, Si-, and Ge-substituted 1H-phosphirenes, 15a-t. C1/H exchange reactions also occur on reaction with lithium metal hydrides (5a → 17). Furthermore, substitution reactions are also realized with the alkali metal borates, 18a-g (→19a-g); the same is true for reactions with trimethylsilyl cyanide and azide (→22a-d). Some of the substitution products have been characterized in the form of their metal complexes, 16, 23, 24, and 25.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Germatranes ; Organotrihalogenogermanes ; Organometallic (Si, Ge, Sn) reagents ; Transmetallation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trialkylstannyl esters of tris(2-hydroxyalkyl)amines, N(CH2CHROSnAlk3)3 (9-11 (R = H, Me; Alk = Et, Bu), react with X3GeC(R1)(R2)COOR3 (12-17) (X = Cl or Br; R1, R2=H, Me, Ph, SiMe3, COOEt; R3=Me, Et) to give esters of α-germatranylcarboxylic acids, N(CH2CHRO)3GeC(R1)(R2)-COOR3 (1-8), in high yields. The synthesis of esters 12-17 is reported. Esters of α-germatranyldiphenylacetic acid 24 and 25 can be obtained by treatment of diphenylketene with Et3SnOMe to give in situ Et3SnC(Ph2)COOMe (23), followed by reaction with GeCl4 to give in situ Cl3GeC(Ph2)COOMe (22 and further reactions with 9 or 11, respectively. Reduction of germatrane 6 with LiAlH4 in diethyl ether leads to cleavage of the germanium-carbon bond with subsequent formation of (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylsilane. The crystal structures of 3, 6 and 7 are reported. 1-Acyloxygermatranes 26 and 27 are obtained by treatment of 1-methoxygermatrane (28) with diphenyl- and dichloroacetic acid, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tin - Nitrogen cage compounds ; Sn—X—Sn intramolecular bridges ; Distannylamine pyridine adduct ; Tin ; Moessbauer spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(dimethylchlorostannyl)amine (2a) reacts with pyridine in a 3:4 molar ratio to produce the tin-nitrogen containing bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (3) with elimination of the adduct Me2SnCl2·2 py. Treatment of the distannylamine 2,6-[Pr2H3N(SnMe2Cl)2 (4) with pyridine, however, leads to the formation of the 1:1 pyridine adduct 4 and this can be regarded as a model to explain the route to 3. The molecular structures of 3 and 5 were determined by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution, as well as by X-ray structure analysis of their crystals. Typical structural features for both compounds are intramolecular Sn—X—Sn bridges. Support for the structures comes from MS fragmentation patterns, IR spectra, and the Mössbauer spectra.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2,4-Diazaphospholes ; Phosphiranes, alkylidene- ; 2-Phosphabutadienes ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; pyrazolines, thermolysis ; Rearrangements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4(λ3)-diazaphospholes (4-phosphapyrazolines) are thermally much more stable than related compounds without the exocyclic double bond. Thermolysis reactions typically occur in the range 110-150°C in toluene solution, and different, mostly competing, reaction pathways are observed. Thermal extrusion of nitrogen from 8a-g gives rise to β-phosphanaylsiloxyalkenes 10, benzo[c]-phosphole derivatives 11, 14 and 115, (β-siloxyalkylidene)-Phosphiranes 12, and dihydro-1,3-oxaphospholes 13. The thermolysis of 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydro-4-trimethylsilyl-3-trimethylsilyloxy-3H-1,2,4-dizaphospholes 17 afforded three products, including the highly substituted and stable 2-phosphabutadienes 18 formed by nitrogen extrusion and rearrangement. Finally, the 4-chloro-3-trimethylsilyloxy-substituted heterocycle 21 was transformed at 170°C into 4H-1,2,4-diazaphosphole 23. The structures of 13c and 18a were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 795-799 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Boron ; Alkylations ; N ligands ; Dodecaborate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of the ammine-undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1-) anion with alkyl halides have been studied in detail. The degree of alkylation of the nitrogen was found to be dependent upon the steric demands of the alkyl groups. The derivatives were characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Four compounds were crystallized for single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The tetrahedral coordination of the nitrogen atom of the bis-alkylated derivatives was found to deviate towards planarity with increasing steric hindrance of the substitutents. - The syntheses, crystal structures, and spectral properties of four N-alkyl derivatives of [H3N—B12H11]-, ammine - undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1-) (3), are reported. Alkylation of 3 with ethyl iodide was achieved in dimethyl sulfoxide using potassium hydroxide as base. This led to orthorhombic crystals of [N(nC4H94][(CH3CH2)3N—B12H11] (4). The reaction of 3 with benzyl chloride resulted in the bisbenzylated product, isolated as triclinic crystals of [PPN][(C6H5CH2)2 NH—B12H11] (5). The alkylation of 3 with 2-bromopropane gave a mixture of the mono- and bisalkylated products. The monoalkylated derivative [PPN][(CH3)2CH)NH2-12H11] (6, crystallized in the triclinic space group p1) and the bisalkylated product [PPN]{[(CH3)2NH—B12H11) (7, monoclinic, P21./c) were separated on the basis of their different water solubilities. The solid-state structures of the compounds 4-7 revealed a slight distortion of the B12 icosahedron. The length of the B(1)-N(1) bond was found to be dependent on the steric requirements of the attached amine, e.g. primary amine 〈 secondary amine 〈 tertiary amine. This is demonstrated by the variation in the B—N bond length; from 157.8(2) pm for 6, 158.5(5) pjm for 5, 160.0(3) pm for 7, to 163.7(6) pm for 4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hexafluoroacetone ; Phosphorus, pentacoordinated ; Diphosphane diselenide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduction of the isoprene - PCl3 adduct 1 with magnesium powder, or with Si2Cl6, furnished P-chloro-3-methyl-phosphol-2-ene, 2, in satisfactory yield. Further reduction of 2 with Si2Cl6 gave the new trichlorosilyl-3-methylphosphol-2-ene, 3. The reaction of 2 with magnesium powder, with 3, or with 1/2 equivalent of Si2Cl6 provided the new γ3P-γP-diphosphane 1,1′-bi(3-methylphosphol-2-ene) 4. Reduction of 4 with Si2Cl6 led to 3. Oxidation of 4 with selenium gave the 1,2-diphosphane diselenide, 5. The oxidation of 4 with hexafluoroacetone led to a mixture of products, from which a novel tricyclic phosphorane 6 was separated. the structure of 196 was determined by X-ray diffraction; the coordination geometry at phosphorus in distorted trigonal bipyramidal, with a very long equatorial P - C(CF3)2 bond of 193.2(2) pm.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 823-834 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkynes ; Phosphaalkyne cyclotetramers ; Cage compounds ; Valence isomerization ; Cyclotetramerization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In contrast to their all-carbon analogues, phosphaalkyne cyclooligomers only became accessible a few years ago. A milestone in the chemistry of cyclotetramers was the synthesis and structural characterization of the tetraphosphacubane 5, obtained as a thermolysis product of tert-butylphosphaacetylene (1). Since then, the construction of eleven cyclotetramers has been achieved, covering seven different frameworks (A-G). As a consequence of the use of kinetically stabilized phosphaalkynes as starting materials, all known cyclotetramers bear sterically demanding substituents (tert-butyl, tert-pentyl, 1-adamantyl). Cyclotetramerizations are not only achieved by thermolysis of 1, but also by alternative and selective routes such as transition-metal-mediated, Lewis acid- and base-induced processes, as well as by cycloadditions to phosphaalkyne cyclotrimers. Interestingly, these tetramers can be interconverted by various valence isomerizations. The results of thermal and photochemically-induced rearrangements are in good agreement with MO calculations carried out for the parent compounds. Phosphaalkyne cyclotetramers exhibit a highly interesting reactivity and other peculiar features. One outstanding example is the tetraphosphacubane 5, which shows unusual structural and spectroscopic properties as a result of its unique bonding arrangement.
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 843-849 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: P ligands ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; 2-Phosphanylphosphinines ; Dinuclear complexes ; Metal carbonyls ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2-phosphanyl-4,5-dimethylphosphinines 1-5 are powerful bridging ligands able to stabilize metal-metal single and triple bonds between low-valent transition metal centres. Their reaction with Mn2(CO)10 in refluxing xylene yields the corresponding Mn2(CO)8 complexes 6 and 7. Reaction with [Fe2Cp2(CO)4] under UV irradiation similarly yields the Fe-Fe-bridged Fe2Cp2(CO)2 complexes 8 and 9. An additional observation is that the 2-phosphininyl-3,4-dimethylphosphaferrocene 10 is formed upon reaction of the 2-phospholylphosphinine 5 with [Fe2Cp2(CO)4] at high temperature under CO pressure. A clean addition occurs at the Mo≡Mo triple bond of [Mo2Cp2(CO)4] to give the Mo-Mo single-bonded complexes 11-15. The thermolysis of these complexes succeeds when the phosphanyl group is a phosphonite P(OEt)2 (13) or P(OAr)2 (14), affording cleanly the Mo2Cp2(CO)4 triple-bonded complexes 16 and 17, respectively. The metal-metal triple bonds of these complexes readily add two molecules of CO to reform 13 and 14, or one molecule of tBu-N≡C to give 18 and 19. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of the MO2C2(CO)4 complex 13a, with the 2-P(OEt)2- phosphinine, shows a gauche orientation of the two Cp rings and very short P-Mo bonds of 2.3565(4) and 2.406(2) Å to the phosphinine and P(OEt)2 groups, respectively.
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1235-1240 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; Phase transitions ; Molecular crystal ; Crystal growth ; Low-temperature crystal structure ; Librational motion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: White phosphorus occurs in three modifications. The α form, which exists at roomtemperature, transforms reversibly to the β form at -77°C. The α · β transformation may be strongly delayed. Quenching the α form to -185°C followed by slow warming results in an exothermic reactions with formation of the γ form which transforms into the β form at -120°C in an endothermic reaction. A transition β · γ is not observed. The γ form is characterized by its powder diagram. The structure of the β form is redetermined from a single crystal at -185°C (P., α = 547.88(5), b = 1078.62(11), c = 1096.16(11)pm, α= 94.285(8), β = 99.695(7), γ = 100.680(7)., V = 623.79(10) · 106 pm3, Z = 6 formula units per cell). The P4 molecules exhibit pronounced librational motion in spite of the low temperature of investigation. The arrangement of the centers of the tetrahedra corresponds to the atom positions in the γ-plutonium structure, which is discussed in relation to the bcc structure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Asymmetric catalysis ; Cycloadditions ; Lewis acids ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dimethylpolysiloxane chain is covalently bound to the monomeric Lewis acid catalyst (1R)-(+)-oxovanadium(1V) bis[3- heptafluorobutanoylcamphorate] [(+)-5a] at the C-10 position of the camphor moiety yielding the novel chiral polymeric (1S)-( +)-oxovanadium(1V) bis[3-heptafluorobutanoylcamphorate] -dimethylpolysiloxane [( +)-6a][1]. The Lewis acid promoted hetero Diels-Alder reaction of trans-l-methoxy-3-(trimethylsilyloxy)- 1,3-butadiene (1) and benzaldehyde (2) is studied in the presence of the enantiomerically pure monomeric (5a, 5b) and polymeric (6a, 6b) catalysts. The monomeric and polymeric catalysts of identical chirality[1] invoke opposite enantioselectivities toward the formation of 2-phenyl- 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrone (4). This remarkable result is corroborated by numerous control experiments. Thus, it is demonstrated that the environment of the active site of the catalyst is changed when the complex is fixed to a polymeric chain. In contrast to 5 and 6, the monomeric 12 and polymeric 13 europium(III) tris[3-heptafluorobutanoylcamphorates] of identical chirality invoke the same enantioselectivity toward the formation of 4. The concept of polymer attachment is utilized to recover the catalyst from the reaction mixture by precipitation and to recycle it for subsequent catalytic runs.
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 899-902 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cp3Zr complexes ; Cationic organometallic Lewis acid ; d0-Configured metal complex ; Acetonitrile ; crystal structure analysis of Zirconium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The organometallic salt [Cp3Zr(N≡C-CH3)]+ [CH3B-(C6F5)3]- (3a) has been prepared by treatment of Cp3ZrCH3 with B(C6F5)3 followed by the addition of acetonitrile. X-ray crystal structure analysis of 3a shows that its cation consists of three uniformly coordinated η5-cyclopentadienyl ligands about the zirconium atom. The acetonitrile ligand is end-on coordinated. In the linear [Zr] -N≡C-CH3 unit the C≡N triple bond [N-C2 1.126(5) Å] is slightly shorter than in the free acetonitrile molecule [dC≡N = 1.141(2) Å], the structure of which was determined as a reference by X-ray diffraction of a crystal obtained by IR-laser-induced zone melting on the diffractometer.
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 947-950 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Copper ; N ligands ; Copper(I) complexes ; (Imine)copper(I) complexes ; Ketimines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of [(MeCN)4Cu]BF4 with two or three equivalents of benzophenoneimine lead to the formation of [(Ph2C=NH)2]BF4 (1) and [ (Ph2C=NH)3Cu]BF4 (2), respectively. A further equivalent of the ligand does not coordinate to the cation of complex 2. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined. 1 shows a linearly two-coordinated copper(I) center with a Cu-N distance of 1.877(2) Å. In compound 2 a distorted trigonal planar coordination of copper is observed with N-Cu-N angles of 114.5(2), 112.9(2) and 132.4(2)°, corresponding to two nearly equal Cu-N distances [Cu-N2 1.947(5) and Cu-N3 1.934(5) Å] dnd a significantly longer third one (Cu-N1 2.011(5) Å]. A comparison of these data with recently determined structures of bis(benzophenoneimine)silver(I) and -gold(I) complexes shows that the covalent radii of the monovalent coinage metals decrease in the order Ag(I) 〉 Au(I) 〉 Cu(I).
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Air oxidation of (Oxydi-2,1-phenylene)(2-phenoxyphenyl)stibane (1) gives the phenoxystibane oxide [(2-PhOC6H4)O(C6H4)2Sb]2O2 (2). Single crystals of (o-Tol2Sb)4- O4(O2)2 (3) were obtained by air oxidation of o-TolSb-(SiMe3)2. Crystal structures of 2 and 3 are reported.
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 975-980 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Phenoxide complexes ; Alkoxide complexes ; Terminal alkoxide ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The zinc hydroxide complexes Tp*Zn-OH of highly substituted pyrazolylborate ligands react with phenols, and alcohols, of sufficient acidity, in a condensation reaction with release of H2O. Starting with phenols the following were attached:phenolate, p-nitropehnolate, o-vanillinate, o-hydroxymethylphenolate, o,o-bis(hydroxymethyl) -p-methylphenolate. Whilst aliphatic alcohols and benzyl alcohol did not react, their derivatives, with highly electronegative substituents could be incorporated. Thus, the arylmethoxides OCH2C6F5 and OCH2C6H4NO2-p, as well as the alkoxides OCH2CF3 and OCH2CCl3, were attached. 2-Mercaptoethanol was bound via its thiolate function. The crystal structures of TpCum,Me ZN-OC6H4NO2-p,TpCum,Me ZN-OCH2-C6F5, TpCum,Me ZN-OCH2CF3, TpCum,Me ZN-OCH2CCl3 and TpCum,MeZn-SCH2CH2OH were determined.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Platinum ; Nitrocyanamide ; Nitrosodicyanomethanide ; 1,1,3, 3-Tetracyano-2-azapropenide ; 1,1,2,3,3-Pentacyanopropenide ; Hydrido complexes ; Coordination modes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new coordination compounds trans-[Pt(H)X(PPh3)2] with NCN- and C(CN)2-functionalized anions (X- = [N(O)C(CN)2]-, [NO2NCN]-, [N{C(CN)2}2]-, [NCC{C-(CN)2}2]-, have been characterized by 1H-, 31P-, 13C-NMR, and IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses the crystal structures of trans-[Pt(H)N(O)C(CN)2(PPh3)2], trans- [Pt(H)N{C(CN)2}2(PPh3)2], and trans-[Pt(H)NCC{C(CN)2}2-(PPh3)2) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Remarkably, [N(O)C(CN)2]- is coordinated through the central nitrogen atom, while [N{C(CN)2}2]- and [NCC(C(CN)2]2]- are bonded through terminal nitrogen atoms of a C(CN)2 unit.
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1021-1027 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc ; Chirality ; Cross-coupling ; Phosphorylations ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This Microreview on the chemistry of organozinc reagents starts by briefly showing the methods of preparation of organozinc compounds and then discusses the considerable synthetic utility of zinc organometallics for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds in the presence of transition-metal catalysts. Finally, the use of organozinc chemistry for the preparation of polyfunctional and chiral phosphanes is described.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(tetramethylipiperidino)aluminum halides ; Alkoxy((tetramethylpiperidino)aluminum halides ; 27Al-NMR spectra ; Aluminum ; Amides ; Synthetic methods ; Bridging ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Lithio-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine [Li(tmp)] reacts with AlX3 (X = Cl, Br) in diethyl ether/ n-hexane solution to generate the products of substitution and ether cleavage, [tmpAl(X)(μ-OEt)], (la, X = Cl; 1b, X = Br). However, when the reaction is allowed to proceed in n-hexane alone, an almost quantitative yield of compounds tmp2AlX (2a, X = Cl; 2b, X = Br; 2c, X = I) is obtained. According to 27AI-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, cryoscopy, and X-ray crystal structure determinations, these compounds are monomeric in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase. 2b reacts with AgBF4 yielding the fluoride-bridged dimer (tmp2AlF), 2d, as shown by X-ray crystal structure determination.
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1461-1465 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Kolbe-Schmitt reaction ; Solid-state structures ; Sodium phenoxide ; Solvent Complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent-free sodium phenoxide (NaOPh) crystallises as a polymer and forms a polymeric chain in the [0 0 1] direction. The low coordination of the sodium atoms, as evident in the crystal structure, is confirmed by the easy coordination of oxoligands (α-donors). Hence, the four-membered ring chain of the solvent-free sodium phenoxide is separated by oxoligands, and forms partial structures as the polymer fragments. Thus, NaOPh crystallises in THF with the formation of an Na6O6 core, consisting of two face-fused heterocubes, and in N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl urea (TMU) with the formation of a Na4O4 heterocubane. The solvent-free NaOPh-CO2 complex obtained from the addition of CO2 to a solution of sodium phenoxide is, when exposed to a temperature of 80°C, subject to an irreversible phase transition, as demonstrated by FT-IR and DTA studies. The complex formed at 80°C is, apparently, another intermediate of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Naphthalenes ; Phosphanes ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; Protecting groups ; Strained molecules ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1.8-dilithionaphthalene 1 reacted with bis(dimethylamino)-chlorophosphane to form 1,8-bis[(diethylamino)phosphanyl]-naphthalene 2, whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis; there are two independent molecules, in which the P(NEt2)2 groups adopt an eclipsed conformation. Reaction of 2 with gaseous HCl gave in low yield 1,8-bis-(dichlorophosphanyl)naphthalene 3, which was characterized by 1H- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Attempted recrystallization of 3 led to oxidative hydrolysis which furnished 4, an anhydride of a bis(chlorophosphonic acid), whose structure was elucidated by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The geometry of 4 reveals a relief of strain from the bis (aminophosphane) 2; the naphthalene groups are less distorted and the P atoms are displaced less far from the naphthalene best plane.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gold ; Silver ; Diphosphane ; Diphosphane Disulfide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinylidenebis(diphenylphosphane) reacts with gold(I) or gold(III) compounds to give dinuclear {[{Au(C6F5)]2[(PPh2)2C=CH2{] or [Au{PPh2C(=CH2)Ph2P)]2(ClO4)2] or mononuclear complexes ([Au(C6F5)3(PPh2C(=CH2)Ph2P)]}, respectively. The latter reacts with gold(I) or silver(I) compounds to afford dinuclear [[Au(C6F5)3[PPh2C(=CH2)Ph2P}AuX], X=Cl or C6F5) or trinuclear species {[{Au(C6F5)3{PPh2C(=CH2)Ph2P{]2M]ClO4, M=Au or Ag}. No addition of nucleophiles to the C=C double bond is observed in these complexes, which contain the diphosphane acting as bridging or monodentate ligand. (SPPh2)2C=CH2 reacts with AgClO4 to give [Ag{SPPh2C(=CH2)Ph2PS}]2-(ClO4)2or[Ag[PPh2C(=CH2)Ph2P]2]ClO4. The crystal structure of [Au(C6F5)3{PPh2C(=CH2)Ph2P}Au(C6F5)] has been established by X-ray crystallography, and confirms the expected square planar and linear geometry for the Au111 and Au1 centres, respectively.
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  • 62
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1547-1550 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphane ; 1,3α., 5,7β-Tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-6,-9-dioxa-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3β, 7α-diol ; 1,7-Trifluoromethyl-3,5-methyl1-2,4.8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; Ketones ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A two-step formal insertion of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro- (2a) and 1,111-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione (2b) into the P-H bonds of phosphane gave the primary a-hydroxyphosphanes 3 and 4, precursors for the resulting secondary phosphanes, 6,9-dioxa-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.l]nonane (6a) and 2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane (7), both formed diastereospecifically. The molecular structures of 6a and 7 were established by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis which revealed two independent molecules for 6a in the unit cell possessing a chair-boat conformation with a C-P-C angle of 95.4(2)°, and a characteristic heteroadamantane geometry for 7, with the corresponding angle being smaller by 4.9°.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 63
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1605-1609 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Axial-chiral complexes ; Biaryls ; Carbene complexes ; Circular dichroism ; Chromium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Axial-chiral mono- and biscarbene complexes of chromium containing the 1,1-binaphthyl skeleton have been obtained in both racemic and enantiopure forms in a one-pot reaction starting from lithiated 2,2-dimethoxy-1,1-binaphthyl (1) and hexacarbonyl chromium via the Fischer route. An X-ray structure analysis of the biscarbene complex 2 reveals that the biscarbene functionalization significantly increases the dihedral angle defined by the biaryl planes. The enantiopure complexes have been characterized by CD spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1261-1267 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Single-component metallocene catalyst ; Olefin insertion ; Organometallic ions pairs ; (Alkene)metallocene complex ; Metallocene betaines ; C-C coupling ; Zirconium ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of the (butadiene)ML2 complexes 1 [ML2 = Cp2Zr (a), Cp2Hf (b), and (.-C5H4CH3)2Zr (c)] with B(C6F5)3 gives the 1:1 addition products (CH2CHCHCH2-B(C6F5_3)ML2 (3a-c). At -40°C the betaine complex 3a inserts one equivalent of methylenecyclopropane to give the regioisomeric insertion products 5a and 6a in a 60:40 ratio. These products exhibit the cyclopropylidene moiety in the α- and β-positions, respectively, relative to zirconium. The corresponding hafnocene complexes 5b and 6b are obtained in a 70:30 ratio starting from 3b. The reaction of 3(a-c) with allene gives a single insertion product (7a-c) in each case where the exo-methylene group is in the α-position to the metal center ([2,1]-insertion). The complexes 5-7 are chiral. They all exhibit a pronounced ·-interaction of the internal -C4H=C5H- double bond of the s̰-ligand chain with the metal center in addition to a metallocene/-C6H2-[B] ion pair interaction. The relative contributions of the cationic metallocene end of the dipolar complexes 5-7 are quite dependent on the steric and electronic properties of the respective metallocene units involved. This is revealed by a comparison to typical 13C-NMR parameters of the complexes 5-7 with a pair of suitable model complexes, namely the ethylene insertion product 4 into the betaine system 3a and its THF adduct 4.THF.
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  • 65
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1279-1294 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripodal ligands ; Aminolytic cleavage of oxetanes ; Tripod molybdenum compounds ; Mixed donor set ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of neopentane-based tripod ligands CH3C(CH2X)(CH2Y)(CH2Z( 3 (X = NR2, NHR; Y = PR2; Z = PR2, SR, S-) in a convergent manner is described. The procedure is based on the aminolytic cleavage of functionalized oxetanes CH3C(CH2OCH2)CH2R 1 by primary or secondary amines, leading to functionalized amino alcohols CH3C(CH2NHR)(CH2OH)(CH2R) or CH3C(CH2NR2)-(CH2OH)(CH2R) 2. The appropriate activation of the R (e.g. OR) and OH groups present in 2 allows for substitution vs. SR or PR2 donor functions. Depending on the nature of the groups present in each reaction step, various protection and groups present in each reaction step, various protection and deprotection steps have to be taken in the course of this type of preparation of the tripod ligands 3. By reaction with (CH3CN)3Mo(CO)3, ligands 3 form Mo(CO)4 derivatives 4 or Mo(CO)3 derivatives 5, depending on the reaction conditions. In compounds 4, the ligands are coordinated in a bidentate mode with the soft donor atoms (P, S) coordinated and the hard donor function playing the role of the dangling arm. In the trihapto bonding mode present in 5, all three donor functions, two soft (P, S) and one hard (NHR′, NR′2), are coordinated. The two types of coordination compounds may be interconverted: 4e (X = NMe2′ Y = PPh2, Z = SiPr) with a non-coordinating CH2NMe2 group is transformed into 5c upon photolytic decarbonylation. Under 1 bar CO at 20°C, 5c reverts to 4e. X-ray structure analysis of a series of compounds of types 4 and 5 reveals characteristics of the relevant conformational patterns. All compounds have been fully characterized by the standard analytical techniques (NMR, MS), as well as elemental analysis.
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  • 66
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1333-1338 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gold ; Gold(I) complexes ; Phosphinite complexes ; Phosphite complexes ; Configuration determination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of compounds (R3P) AuMe with diphenylphosphinous acid Ph2P(O)H affords methane and neutral complexes of the type (R3P(O)Ph2 (1a: R = Me; 1b: R = Ph, lc: R = o-Tol). 1a, b are obtained in high yield, but the yield of lc is lower owing to a side-reaction which leads to a different product: Ph2P(OH)-Au-P(O)Ph2 (2). The crystal structure of 1a was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compounds is a monomer with a linear P-Au-P′ axis and the phosphane and phosphinite ligands in a staggered conformation. In solution (CHCl3, CH2Cl 2/) compounds 1a-c undergo a ligand redistribution, establishing equilibria that involve ionic isomers of the type [R3P)2Au]+ [Au-(P(O)Ph2)2]-, which are readily identified through their NMR data. The analogous reaction of (R3P)b AuMe with dimethylphosphite (MeO)2P(O)H gives methane and the corresponding dimethylphosphites of the type (R3P)AuP(O)(OMe)2 (3a: R = Me; 3b: R = Ph; 3c: R= o-Tol). The crystal structure of 3b has also been determined. It features a linear structure with an eclipsed conformation of the ligands. In polar solvents (CHCl3, methanol) there is again an eqilibrium between neutral and ionic isomers, the latter comprising bis(phosphane)gold cations [(R3P)2Au]+ and {Au[P(O)-(OMe)2]2)- anions, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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  • 67
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1353-1359 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 113Cd NMR ; Multidentate ligand ; Multinuclear metal complex ; Piperazine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eleven novel piperazine containing open-chain ligands L1-L11 were designed to offer symmetrical and asymmetrical complexation sites for metal ions and were synthesized by repetitive synthetic method. The divergent use of aromatic bishalomethyl and mono-N-alkylated piperazine compounds as spaces led toa series of long (up to M. W. = 836) oligomeric multidentate N-ligands. Due to the lack of solid state methods for structure analysis, an NMR technique using 113 Cd nucleus as a probe in solution state was utilised. 113 Cd chemical shifts were observed to be dependend on the coordination site and similar coordination sites in different ligands gave characteristically similar 113 Cd chemical shifts. As a result 113 Cd-NMR spectroscopy proved to be an excellent tool to distinguish between the structures of the different complexation sites on a nearly quantitative level.
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  • 68
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1365-1374 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: N ligands ; Chelates ; Coordination modes ; Ligand effects ; Structure-activity relationships ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monoanionic bi- and tridentate ligand systems emulating the structural features of the well-known poly(pyrazolyl)borates are created by bridging heteroaromatic rings with formally negatively charged p-block elements. Their properties and versatility are exemplified by their complexes with main group metals. Due to their N(σ)-donating and π-interacting ability, as well as the flexibility of the substituent bonding, these ligand systems have the potential to adapt both geometrically and electronically to the coordination requirements of the complexed metal. Within these complexes, the heteroaromatic substituents operate as charge spacers between the formally anionic center and the metal cation without encapsulating either site. This provides possible applications in the creation of reactive soft/hard bimetallic reagents, the realization of multinuclear arrays, and the design of preorganized CVD precursors, particularly en route to III/V-semiconducting thin films.
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  • 69
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1411-1416 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphane-boranes ; Boranes ; Phosphanes ; Umpolung, attempted ; Bond polarity ; Configuration determination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of (Me2S)BH2Br and (Me2S)BHBr2 with equimolar quantities of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethene (1) or -benzene (2) lead to cyclic, cationic bis(phosphane)boranes [4[(1)BH2]+ Br-; 6: [(2)BH2]+ Br; 7: [(2)BHBr]+ Br-]. The Br counterions can be exchanged in metathesis reactions (e.g. with AgBF4 to afford 4a). The tritertiary phosphane bis[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl]phenyl-phosphane (3), reacts with (Me2S)BHBr2 to give bicyclic dicationic tris(phosphane)borane 8, [(3)BH]2+ Br-, which can be converted into the bis(hexafluorophosphate) 8a using NH4PF6. All compounds have been characterized by analytical and NMR-spectroscopic data. The crystal and molecular structures of 5 - 7 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The five-membered rings C2P2B have an envelope conformation and show no sign of electron delocalization. Attempts to deprotonate the B—H functions in 5 - 8 have not been successful. Clearly, the two (5 - 7) or three phosphonium centers (8) adjacent to the boron atom are not sufficient to induce an “umpolung” of the B—H group
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metal - metal bonds ; Insertion reactions ; Group-13 monochlorides ; Main-group elements ; Nickel ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dinuclear compound [{(η5 - Cp)Ni(PEt3)}2] (1) containing an unbridged Ni-Ni bond reacts with the heavier group 13 monochlorides [{CH(SiMe3)2)2}AlIIICl], InCl, and TlCl by scission of the metal-metal bond. In the case of InCl and TlCl the chloro-bridged dimmers [{(η5-Cp)Ni(PEt3)2ECl2Ecl}2] (E = In 2, Tl 5) were formed. The Tl compound 5 is unstable and decomposes via disproportionation a and formation of the halogen-free Tl [III] compound [{(η5-Cp)Ni(PEt3)}3Tl] (6). 2 can be dehalogenated with activated magnesium to yield the halogen-free In [III] compund [{(η5-Cp}Ni(PEt3)}3In] (4). The Ga analogue of 4 and 6 [{(η5-Cp)Ni(PEt3)}3Ga] (7) is accessible by a conproportionation of 1 with Ga metal in refluxing THF. In contrast to InCl and TlCl the aluminium (III) monochloride [{CH(SiMe3)2}2AlCl] reacts with 1 by a ligand redistribution reaction and formation of the salt [{(η5-Cp)Ni(PEt3)2]+-[{CH(SiMe3)2]2AlCl]2-. (8). Elemental Hg or Mg amalgam show the same activity as elemental Ga towards 1 and insert into the Ni—Ni bond by forming the linear Hg-bridged complex [(n3-Cp)Ni(PEt3)]2Hg] (9). The molecular structures of 2, 4, 8, and 9 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The In atom in 4 has a distorted trigonal-planar configuration with the central In atom being surrounded by three [(n5-Cp)Ni(PEt3)] fragments. 4 represents the first Ni-In cluster containing exclusively unsupported In - Ni bonds, as well as the first carbonyl-free Ni - In cluster. On the basis of spectroscopic data the same structure is assigned to the Ga and Tl analogues of 4. The Ni—Hg—Ni arrangement in 9 is exactly linear, as determined by X-ray crystallography.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Schiff bases ; Polyene dialdehydes ; α-Amino acids ; Pantamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes ; P ligands ; Iridium ; Palladium ; Platinum ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Schiff bases 1—11 were synthesized from α-amino acids or o-aminophenol and crocetindialdehyde, 2,7-dimethyloctatrienedial, terephthalaldehyde, or β,β′ -p-phenylendiacroleine. The reactions of these Schiff bases with chloro-bridged complexes [(R3P)(Cl)M(η-Cl)]2 (M = Pd, Pt) and [(C5Me5)(Cl)Ir(°Cl)]2 gave the dinuclear complexes 12-31.
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  • 72
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1495-1498 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Deltacyclenes ; Deltacyclanes ; P-H addition reactions ; Chiral phosphanes ; Enantioselective catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The suitability of enantiomerically pure deltacyclenes as building blocks in the synthesis of expanded phosphanes was examined. Different substituted deltacyclenes were irradiated with diphenylphosphane and three bisphosphanyl derivatives. With these P—H addition reactions, new chiral deltacyclane-derived phosphorus ligands were synthesized. They were tested in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of (Z)-(ã)-N-acetamidocinnamic acid and in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of 1,5-dimethylbarbituric acid.
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  • 73
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromium ; Chromium(0) complexes ; Cyclooctatetraene complexes ; Photochemistry ; Cycloadditions ; Photochemical [6+2] cycloadditions ; Dienes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tricarbonyl(η6-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene)chromium (1) yields upon UV irradiation in ether at 233 K with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (2) or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (3) by [6+2] cycloadditions the correspondingly substituted tricarbonyl(η6-bicyclo[4.2.2]deca-2,4,7-triene)chromium complexes 4, 5a and 5b. With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate the organic ligand of complex 4, 9-isopropenyl-9-methyl-bicyclo[4.2.2]-deca-2,4,7-triene (6) is liberated. The complexes 4, 5a and 5b were characterised by IR and NMR spectroscopy, the ligand 6 by NMR spectroscopy.
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  • 75
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 4-(p-Bromoselenobenzoyl)morpholine ; 4-[(p-(Dimethylamino)selenobenzoyl]morpholine ; Hindered rotation ; Hammett treatment ; Selenoamides ; Amides ; Selenium compounds ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solid-state structures of (p-bromoselenobenzoyl)morpholine (2a) and [p-(dimethylamino)selenobenzoyl]morpholine (2b) were determined by X-ray diffraction. Both molecules show a flat selenoamide group. The larger contribution of resonance stabilization by the aromatic ring carrying the p-dimethylamino substituent is reflected by the smaller interplanar angle Θ between the aromatic ring and the selenoamide group [53.3(1)° vs. 81.1(1)°] and by the shorter length of the C=Se bond [1.824(5) Å vs. 1.840(3) Å]. The Gibbs free energy of activation of C-N bond rotation (ΔG≠rot) of five p-substituted (selenobenzoyl)morpholines was determined by dynamic 13C NMR. The activation barriers were found to range from 61.6 kJ/mol (X = NNMe2) to 75.1 kJ/mol (X = H). The ΔG≠rot values of the corresponding (thiobenzoyl)morpholines were found to be from 3.2 kJ/mol (X = NMe2) to 5.0 kJ/mol (X = H) lower. In both cases, ΔG≠rot showed an excellent linear Hammett correlation with s̰+p.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium ; Zine ; Dibenzylzinc ; Tmeda complexes ; Heteroleptic alkylzinc amide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of lithium phenyl(trimethylsilyl)methanide with phenyl(trimethylsilyl)methylzinc chloride-tmeda in the presence of tmeda yields the addition product, a bis(tmeda)-lithium dialkylchlorozincate. The elimination of lithium chloride leads to the formation of a tmeda adduct of bis[phenyl-(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zinc. The metathesis reaction of phenyl(trimethylsilyl)methylzinc chloride-tmeda with lithium tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamide allows the isolation of the corresponding heteroleptic tmeda complex of an alkylzinc amide. The metalation of phenyl(trimethylstannyl)methane with butyllithium yields the transmetalation product benzyllithium. From the metathesis reaction of this lithium base with anhydrous zinc(II) chloride in the presence of tmeda, the tmeda adduct of dibenzylzinc crystallizes. The molecular structures of (tmeda)Li—CH(GeMe3)Ph, (tmeda)Zn(CH2Ph)2, (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)Ph]2, and (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)-Ph[N(H)Si(SiMe3)3 are reported. Whereas lithium bonds in an η3-fashion, the zinc atom forms a σ(Zn—C) bond. The extremely wide Zn—N—Si angle in (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)-Ph[N(H)Si(SiMe3)3 of 157° is remarkable.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhodium ; Chelate complexes ; Hydrido complexes ; Bridging ligands ; P Ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mononuclear starting materials [Rh(η4-C8H12)(k2-P,Sb-iPr2PCH2SbR2)]PF6 (la, b) react with CF3CO2H in the presence of H2 to give the dinuclear hydridorhodium(II1) complexes [{RhH(k2-P,Sb-iPr2PCH2SbR2)]PF6 (2a, b) in almost quantitative yield. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of 2b (R = tBu) reveals a distorted octahedral geometry around the two metal centers with the two phosphanyl(stibanyl)methanes in a chelating and the two trifluoracetate ligands in a bridging coordination mode.
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  • 78
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1551-1555 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Antitumor agents ; Nucleotides ; Palladium ; Hydrogen bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The compound [Pd(en)(5′-IMP-N7)2].11 H2O, where 5′-IMP = inosine 5′-monophosphate, crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4322 with the unit cell parameters: a = b = 12.060(5) and c = 28.510(5) Å, V = 4147(3) Å3, Z = 4. A head-to-tail orientation with A configuration is observed for the nucleotides which are coordinated through the N(7) positions such that d[Pd-N(7)] = 2.053(8) Å. The sugar moieties exhibit anti orientations toward the purine bases while their pukkers adopt C(3)′-endo conformation. The overall conformation about the phosphate backbone is gauche+. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is observed between the phosphates and the NH groups of the en ligand with a donor-acceptor distance of 2.88 Å. The coordination mode of the solid-state structure is shown to be identical to that observed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in solution under slightly acidic conditions, where the N (l) positions of the nucleotides are protonated. The results are discussed in reference to closely related systems reported in the literature with emphasis on the importance of hydrogen bonding in such complexes.
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  • 79
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1579-1583 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silatetrazenes ; Nitrogen-silicon ring systems ; Bissilylamines ; Silicon-29 solid state NMR ; Aryl azides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction between aryl azides and lithiated aryl amines leads to tetrazenes 3 and 9 which contain a chain of four nitrogen atoms. Reaction with different halosilanes gives the cyclic silatetrazenes 10, 12, and 15 where substitutents on the silicon vary form alkyl to hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The structures of 10, 12, and 15 in the solid state are reported. Variation of the solvent and the Lewis acidity of the halosilane influence the ratio of silatetrazene to side products, bissilyated amines. These effects are studied for different halosilanes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Synthesis ; Phosphorus ; Supersilyloligophosphides ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of P4 in THF or DME with 2 R*Na (R* = SitBu3) at -78°C leads quantitatively to deep red THF or DME adducts of R*NaP-P=P-PNaR* (3). According to 31P NMR, the P4 skeleton 3 is cis-configurated. On the other hand, reaction of P4 in TBME with 2 R*Na at -78°C leads quantitatively to (R*NaP)4 (4), a [2+2] cycloadduct of 3, the Na4P8 skeleton of which according to X-ray structure analysis forms a double cube with four P atoms in the second layer and two P and two Na atoms in alternating positions in the first and in the third layer (the Na atoms are coordinated with donors). By resolving the THF adduct 3 in TBME (the TBME adduct of 4 in THF) the compound 4 (the compound 3) is rapidly formed under reversal of the P-P=P-P configuration by way of [2+2] cycloaddition (by way of [2+2] cycloreversion). 3 and 4 are sensitive to oxidation and to protolysis. With TCNE, 3 is oxidized to R*2P4 (bicyclic P4 skeleton), with CF3SO3H, 3 may be transformed into R*3P5Na2 X 4 THF or in (R*P3)3 and R*PH2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienes ; Metathesis ; Potassium ; Calcium ; Main-group elements ; Sandwich complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopentadienyl ring metathesis occurs between [Ca(C5Me5)2] and [Ln(C5H5)3] complexes in toluene to generate the mixed ring compounds [Ln(C5Me5)2(C2H5)] (Ln=1-La, 1-Nd). 1-Nd has been characterized with X-ray diffraction as a sterically crowded monomer. Only one ring is exchanged between [Ca(C5Me5)2(thf)x] and [La(C5H5)3(thf)x] in toluene to yield [La(C5Me5)C5H5)2 (thf)] (2). In reaction with [M(C5H5)2] (M=Sn, Pb, Mn), [Ca(C5M5)2(thf)x] yields the corresponding [M(C5Me5)2] complexes. K[C5Me5] reacts with [La(C5H5)3(thf)], [Sn(C5H5)2] and [Pb[C5H5)2] in toluene to yield the ring-exchanged products 2, [Sn(C5Me5)2], and [Pb(C5Me5)2], respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 82
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 195-199 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanium ; Enolates ; Kinetics ; Enols ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of various sterically congested sodium enolates, generated by quantitative deprotonation of stable enols (of diphenylacetaldehyde in the case of 5), with dichlorotitanocene afforded a series of novel titanium enolates 1-5. The crystal structure of 1 could be determined. Due to the considerable steric shielding of the β,β-diaryl moiety, all the titanium enolates exhibit an oustanding stability towards hydrolysis, which increases with the higher steric demand of the substitutents at the C-C double bond. The kinetics of the hydrolysis, which is pseudo-first-order in THF/water (1 : 1) and acetonitrile/water (1 : 1), was investigated by UV spectroscopy. The pseudo-first-order rate constants measured in these solvent mixtures are in the range 6.4 · 10-4 s-1 〈 k1 〈 1.1 · 10-3 s-1. For comparison, the hydrolysis of 6, which should exhibit the usual sensitivity of titanium enolates towards hydrolysis, is about 1000 times faster.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 217-219 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gold compounds ; (Phosphane)gold(I) complexes ; Clusters ; P Ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenylene-1,2-bis(phosphane) reacts with two mole-equivalents of tris[(triphenylphosphane)gold(I)]oxonium tetrafluoroborate in dichloromethane at -78°C to give high yields of a hexanuclear complex {C6H4]P(AuPPh3)3]2}2+ · 2 BF-4 (1). The variable-temperature 31P{1H}-NMR spectra of the product in CD2Cl2 at - 80°C are compatible with a static structure featuring three Ph3PAu units associated with each of the two C6H4P2 phosphide functions, as derived from a clear doublet/quartet pattern. At 50°C in CDCl3, however, there is rapid intramolecular scrambling of these Ph3PAu units, which gives rise to a triplet/septet pattern with the J(P,P) value reduced to exactly one half of the value at the low temperature limit.
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  • 84
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iron-sulfur cluster ; Mixed halide ligands ; Magnetic properties ; Clusters ; Iron compounds ; Sulfur compounds ; Halogen compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of the new mixed-halide clusters (Et4N)2[Fe2S2Cl4-nBrn] (n=2, 3), together with an improved synthesis of (Et4N)2[Fe2S2Br4] and the crystal and molecular structure of (Et4N)2[F2S2Cl2Br2], are reported here. The structure consists of [Fe2S2Cl2Br2] dianions, with a pseudo-tetrahedral symmetry around each iron atom. A disorder problem precludes precise identification of the locations of the chloride and bromide ligands. A syn (or anti) conformation is however considered to be most likely, for steric hindrance reasons and on the basis of Mössbauer data. The Mössbauer, magnetic susceptibility, cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis properties of the new clusters remain similar to those of the parent single-type halide clusters. These new clusters are interesting precursors for complexes with mixed thiolate and non-thiolate coordination at the iron sites.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Calix[4]resorcinols ; Dioxaphosphocins ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Solid-state NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterisation of the reactive tetrakis (O,O-phosphorus)-Bridged calix[4]resorcinols 3 and 4 is described. Because of its poor solubility in common organic solvents, a solid-state NMR investigation of 3 (1H, 13C, 31P) was conducted. Reaction of 3 with MeMgl, Me3 SiMNe2, and HNMe2 furnished the η3γ3P-substituted cavitands 5 and 6. Oxidative addition reactions of 6 with the (H2N)2C(=O)/H2O2 (1:1) adduct, tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone (TOB), and hexafluoroacetone (HFA) led to the η4γ5P derivative 7, and to the η5γ5P derivatives 8 and 9. An X-ray crystal-structure determination of the tetrakis(O,O-phosphorus)-bridged calix[4]resorcinol 4 has been conduced. The framework displays the cone conformation; the chlorine atoms are directed inwards.
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  • 86
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1739-1744 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbon nitride ; Tetra(amino)methanes ; Guanidinium salts ; Amination ; Conformation analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Because of their possible role as model compounds for the structural units of carbon nitride C3N4, the preparation, structural chemistry, and some representative reactions of tetra(amino)methanes have been (re)investigated. In the crystal, C(NMe2)4 (1) has a molecular geometry close to D2a symmetry as proposed by theoretical calculations using state-of-the-art density functional methods. The coordination of the central carbon atom is distorted tetrahedral and the configuration of the nitrogen atoms is strongly pyramidal, as opposed to almost planar in the tetra(amino)silanes. Tetra(pyrrolidinyl)methane has a similar core structure, with all heterocyclic substituents in an envelop conformation flexible in solution. Tetra(piperidinyl)methane is more rigid in solution, owing to a more congested structure, with much higher inversion barriers for the six-membered rings. Hydrolysis of 1 leads to MezNH and hexamethylguanidinium hydroxide, and treatment of 1 with HAuCl4(aq) affords crystalline [C(NMe2)3]4 AuCl4- the structure of which has also been determined. Compound 1 is a strong nucleophile and can be used as an aminating agent, converting e.g. halosilanes into dimethylaminosilanes, with the guanidinium cation as the leaving group. The experimental results are discussed in the light of recent predictions regarding bulk carbon nitrides.
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  • 87
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1765-1770 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphinic acid ; Phosphaindole bromination and chlorination ; Layer structure ; Hydrogen bonds ; Bromine-bromine interaction ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bromination of 1-ethoxy-1-oxophosphindolin-3-one (1) with two equivalents oi bromine occurs with elimination of hydrogen bromide and ethyl bromide, providing 2,2-di- bromo-1-hydroxy-1-oxophosphindolin-3-one (4) in high yield. In the presence of triethylamine this process leads to 2,2-dibromo-1-ethoxy-1-Oxophosphindolin-3-one (3) instead. Triethylamine deprotonates 4, providing the solid triethylammonium salt 5. Silylation of 4 with chlorotrimethylsilane leads to the trimethylsilyl ester 6. Monobromination in a two-phase reaction allows the isolation of a mixture of isomers of 2-bromo-1-ethoxy-1-oxophosphindolin-3-one (2a, b). Chlorination with chlorine furnishes 2,2-dichloro-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-phosphindolin-3-one (7). The new compounds 2-7 were characterized analytically and spectroscopically (EI-MS, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR). The crystal structure of acid 4 was determined by X-ray diffraction. Solid 4 consists of aryl stacks connected by chains of P—OH…O==P hydrogen bonds and secondary Br…Br contacts.
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  • 88
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1791-1799 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Platinum substitution ; Metal-carbon bonds ; trans-Labilization ; Kinetics ; Activation parameters ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The substitution reactions of cis-[PtMe,(dmso),] with pyridine (py) to produce cis-[PtMe2py2] in toluene proceeds in two steps. In the absence of added dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), these steps can not be separated due to the rate constants being very similar. In the presence of added dmso, the rate of the first step, the formation of the monopyridine complex is retarded, which is indicative of a dissociative mechanism. A parallel associative reaction path with pyridine could also be observed. This pathway is independent of the concentration of added dmso. Above a 40-fold excess of dmso, the dissociative pathway is suppressed and only the associative reaction occurs. A plot of Kobs vs the pyridine concentration for this pathway is linear at low [py], but shows a saturation at high [py]. This suggests that the reaction occurs via the formation of a precursor-complex, for which the formation constant was found to be 0.32 · 0.03 M-1. The volume of activation at a high pyridine concentration is -11.4 · 0.8 cm3 mol-1, which indicates that the ligand interchange process is of the associative type. The second step, the formation of the bispyridine complex, can clearly be separated from the first reaction step. This step occurs via a dissociative mechanism, as demonstrated by the decrease in kobs with increasing pyridine concentration. The dissociation of dmso was characterized by a rate constant of (8.1 · 0.9).10-45-1 at 25°C, ·H = 116 ·9 kJ mol-1 and AS. = 86 · 29 JK-1 mol-1. At higher pyridine concentrations evidence for a parallel associative reaction was found, for which the rate constant is (1.3 · 0.2).10-3 M-1S-1 25°C. The results are discussed in reference to available literature data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 421-424 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Macrocycles ; Germanium ; UV/Vis spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Linear and cyclic oligomers of Me2Ge-bridged π-systems have been obtained by the reaction of carbo- and heterocyclic anions and dianions with Me2GeCl2. The spectroscopic properties of the new compounds are compared with analogous carbon- and Me2Si-bridged π-systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 90
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 431-431 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: o-Phosphanylphenols ; P,O hybrid ligands ; P asymmetry ; C,O-dilithium reagents ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 453-462 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloadditions ; Catalysis ; 1-Oxa-1,3-dienes ; Molybdenum ; stereoselectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molybdenum-mediated [6 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of unsaturated ketones to cyclotri- or -tetraenes, e.g. cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene or cyclooctatetraene, proceed under very mild conditions, in high yields and with excellent stereoselectivity starting from the appropriate dicarbonylbis[π4-(1-oxa-1,3-diene)]molybdenum complexes. The stereochemistry of the product arising from the reaction of dicarbonylbis[π4-(5-methylhex-3-en-2-one)]molybdenum with cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene allows one to deduce a stepwise mechanism for this addition. The reactants are fused, as would be expected from an exo-type approach, thus indicating an intermolecular attack of the cycloheptatriene. Tungsten oxadiene complexes are effective in analogous reactions at somewhat reduced reaction rates. Catalytic cycloadditions are observed in several cases when 1-5 mol% of the highly reactive dicarbonylbis[π4-(R-(+)-pinocarvone)]molybdenum is employed as the catalyst. Cycloadducts are formed diastereospecifically in most cases. When cyclooctatrienes are employed as reactants, a sequence of electrocyclization of the triene and subsequent [4 + 2]-cycloadditon occurs with high selectivity and efficiency, leading to a pentacyclic ketone. The product structure reveals an endo-type approach of the polyene in this case.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 93
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1223-1229 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripodal ligands ; O ligands ; Cabalticenium cation ; Sodium coordination ; Ligand profile ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The lithium and sodium compounds A[P(O)R2] (A+ = Li+, Na+; R = OPh, OiPr) have been prepared in situ from Hp(O)R2 and butyllithium or sodium hydride. They react with the cyclopentadienyl complexes [(C5H5)MI2(CO)] (M = Co, Rh), [(C5Me5)CoCl2]2, and [(C5H5)CoI2]n to yield alkali metal salts AL of tridentate oxygen ligands (A+ = Li+, Na+; L- = [(C5R′5]M{P(O)R2}3]-, R′ = H, Me; M = Co, Rh; R = OPh, OiPr) (2). For the ligand LCo, OPh = [(C5H5)-Co{P(O)(OPh)2}3]-, an alternative synthesis has been developed, starting from [(C5H5)2Co]PF6. The structure of the sodium salt NaLCo, OPh (2d) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The ligand LCo, Oph-, with a cone angle TH of about 200°, completely blocks one half of the coordination sphere around the sodium centre. The ligand profile has been calculated to allow appraisal of the angular encumbrance of the ligand.
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  • 94
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1241-1252 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Organometallic complexes ; Cyanide bridges ; Structure elucidation ; Isomerizations ; Oxidation ; Mixed valent compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 21 new organometallic complexes of the type M-Cn-M′ containing the building blocks M, M′ = (CO)5Cr, (CO)5Mo, (CO)5W, Cp(CO)2Mn, Cp(CO)2Fe, Cp(CO)(CN)Fe, Cp(dppe)Fe, Cp(PPh3)2Ru, Cp(PPh3)Ni, and (PPh3)2Ag were obtained from the reagents M-Cn and M-X (X = leaving group). Among them are five pairs of linkage isomers M-CN-M′/M-NC-M′. Structure determinations of (CO)5Cr-CN-M′ with M′ = Fe(dppe)Cp, Ni(PPh3)Cp, Ag(PPh3)2 and of (CO)5Cr-NC-Fe(dppe)Cp have proved their identity and the linkage isomerism. Systematic variations of the v(CN) and v(CO) IR bands allow as assessment of the relative electron pair acceptor strengths of the building blocks M and M′ and a reliable identification of the individual linkage isomers. All dinuclear complexes are redox-active, showing at lease one reversible oxidation. The redox potentials are characteristically dependent upon the nature of the building blocks M and M′ and upon the orientation of the cyanide link (CN vs. NC), 6 oxidized complexes of the type [M-Cn-Fe(dppe)Cp]+ were prepared chemically and isolated as PF6 or BF4salts. The molecular structure of [(CO)5Cr-CN-Fe(dppe)Cp]BF4 is not significantly different from those of the corresponding neutral Cr-CN-Fe or Cr-NC-Fe complexes. Upon oxidation the v(CN) band of the complexes shifts to lower wavenumbers and becomes much more intense. The oxidized complexes show the paramagnetism due to one unpaired electron. They give rise to very intense metal-to metal charge-transfer bands in the near infrared region whose position was found to be characteristically dependent on solvent polarity of [(CO)5Cr-CN-Fe(dppe)Cp]BF4. A semiquantitative treatment of the optical and electrochemical measurements shows that the electron delocalization and metal-metal interaction in the oxidized dinuclear complexes is significant and that they belong to the class-II mixed-valence systems.
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  • 95
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1273-1277 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Transition metal ; Complexes of the iron triad ; Density functional calculations ; Relativistic effects ; Hydrido complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures and relative energies of various isomers of [FeH3(PMe3)4)+ (1), [RuH3(PMe3)4]. (2) and [OsH3(PMe3)4]. (3) have been studies by density functional theory. The stereoisomers considered are derived from a tetrahedral (T), square planar (P), and C2v-butterfly (C) arrangement of the phosphane ligands. For the latter two, classical trihydride (I) and nonclassical hydride/dihydrogen (II) geometries have been considered 1 and 2 prefer coordination mode II, whereas 3 favours coordination mode I. This trend is explained by relativistic effects. For Fe and Os, the C and T type structures are preferred over a P geometry. for Ru, the C and P structures are close in energy, and the T arrangement represents the highest energy isomer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbyne complexes ; Phosphaalkenes ; Molybdenum ; Tungsten ; . interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Condensation of [Tp](CO)2 Mčl] [1: M = Mo; 2: W; Tp] HB (3,5-Me2HC2N2)3] with the inverse phosphaalkenes Me3 Sip=C(NR2)2 (3a: R = Me; 3b: Et) affords the novel phosphaalkenyl carbyne complexes [Tp](CO)2M.C-P=C(NR2)2] (a, b) (M = Mo; R = Me, Et) and 5a, b (M = W; R = Me, Et), which have been characterized by IR, 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. In additon, the molecular structure of 5 has been elucidated by a single-crystal X-ray structure determination.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Asymmetric catalysis ; Hydroarylation ; Palladium ; P-N ligands ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of optically active biaryl bisphosphanes 10-12, a diphenylphosphanylphenyloxazoline 8, and a (β-N-sulfonyl-aminomethyl)bisdiphenylphosphane 7 as ligands in the Pd-catalyzed Heck-type hydroarylation of norbornene (1) with phenyl 2 and various hetaryl derivaties 3-5 leads exclusively to the formation of exo-2(het)arylnorbornanes 6 with asymmetric inductions of up to 86.4% ee. In addition to an investigation into the effects of different chiral ligands, a systematic study has been made of the influence of various (het)aryl compounds, leaving groups, and solvents on the chemical and optical yields of this reductive arylation.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhenium ; Technetium ; Radiop[pharmaceuticals ; Mixed-ligand complexes ; sulfur ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neutral oxorhenium(V) complexes with dithioether ligands of the general formula [ReOX3(RS[CH2]2SR)], × = Cl, Br, R = nBu, Et, Bzl were synthesized. Ammonium perrhenate reacts in concentrated hydrochloric acid with dithiaalkanes (RS[CH2]2SR, R =nBu, Et, Bz) dissolved in glacial acetic acid to give octahedral complexes of the type [ReOCl3(RS[CH2]2SR)] (1a-c). In concentrated hydrobromic acid, nBu-S(Ch2)2S-nBu leads to the corresponding tribromo complexes (2). The X-ray structure of shows a distorted octahedron with facial coordination of the bromide ligands. The sulfur atoms are cis coordinated to the terminal oxygen. Dissolution o f1a (R = nBu) in methanol leads to the substitution of the chloride trans to the oxo ligand by a meth oxy group. The resultant complex [ReOCl2(MeO) (nBu-S[CHL2]2S-nBu)] (3) is stable and can be isolated from methanolic solution, but changes to the μ-oxo-bridged dirhenium complex μ-oxobis[dichloro(5,6-dithiadidodecane)oxorhenium(V)] (4) when dissolved in other organic solvents. 1a reacts with an excess of benzenethiol by substitution of two chlorides to give the mixed-ligand complex bis(benzenethiolate)chloro(5,8-dithiadodecane)oxorhenium(V) (5a). The related 4-methylbenzenethiolato complex 5b was synthesized starting from the μ-oxo complex 4. X-ray crystal structure determination of 5b shows the equatorial arrangement of the sulfur atoms. The trans position to the oxygen atom is occupied by a chloride ion.
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  • 99
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. i 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chiral tripod ligands ; Tripod Mo(CO)3 compounds ; Diastereoselective synthesis ; Separation of diastereomers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following a procedure developed for H3CC[CH2P(Ph)2]3 (1a) as the starting compound, various tripod ligands RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)2]3 (1) have been transformed into the trilithiotriphosphides RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)(Li)]3 with various electrophiles R′  -  Hal leads to the two diastereomers of RCH2C[CH2P-(Ar)(R)]3 (6) with an (RRR/SSS : RRS/SSR) ratio close to the statistical value of 1:3, except when Ar=Ph and R′=Bzl, where the RRS/SSR diastereomer is obtained almost exclusively. In contrast, the reaction of [RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)(Li)[3]-Mo(CO)3 (4) with electrophiles R′  -  Hal tends to favour the formation of the homochiral RRR/SSS diastereomers. The triphosphide coordination compounds 4 are available by two different routes: either the complexes (RCH2C[CH2P-(Ar)(H)]3Mo(CO)3, obtained from 2 and (CH3CN)3Mo(CO)3, are deprotonated by MeLi, or the trilithiotriphosphides RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)(Li)]3 are reacted with (CH3CN)3Mo(CO)3 to produce 4 in high yields. The ration in which the two diastereomeric forms of 5 are obtained depends on the nature of the electrophile: the greatest diastereomeric discrimination is obtained for Ar=Ph, R=Ph, R′=Bzl, where the homochiral relative to the RRS/SSR pair. Two-dimensional NMR spectra and simulations of one-dimensional spectra are used to ascertain the diastereomeric excess in each case. X-ray analyses of three compounds of type 5 (5d, Ar=Ph, R=H, R′=Ph, R′=Bzl) indicate the remarkable conformational stability of the tripod metal scaffolding, with the conformations observed for these three compounds in three different solid-state environments being closely similar, even with respect to the torsional arrangement of the phosphorus-bound benzyl groups.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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