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  • 1970-1974  (463)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1971  (463)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (463)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spermatogonial stem cell population in adult rats. I. Their morphology, proliferation and maturation (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 533-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Whole mounted segments of seminiferous tubules from rat testes have been used to investigate the morphology and proliferative activity of the undifferentiated type A spermatogonial population. This has led to the formulation of a new model for spermatogonial stem cell renewal. Three groups of undifferentiated A spermatogonia were classified according to their topographical arrangements as isolated, paired, and aligned spermatogonia. It was proposed that the isolated (as well as a few paired) spermatogonia, which were always present throughout the seminiferous epithelium, are the functional stem cells and should therefore be designated as As. Through sporadic divisions, the As spermatogonia both maintain their own numbers and give rise to pairs of cells which are destined to eventually differentiate. The latter undergo several synchronous divisions in succession, thereby forming increasingly longer chains of aligned spermatogonia. The proliferation of these chains, primarily in stages I-V, leads to a gradual expansion in the size of the undifferentiated type A population. When the population attains its maximal size in stage V, mitotic activity among the aligned cells ceases, and all of these cells morphologically transform without further division into typical A1 spermatogonia. Subsequently, the cohort of A1 cells synchronously divides in stage IX to begin the long process of spermatogonial maturation. The isolated (and a few paired) cells, which do not undergo this transformation and remain quiescent during the stage IX peak of mitosis, form a residual stock of stem cells, that, during the course of another cycle, rebuild the population of aligned A spermatogonia. In this way, a continual supply of type A1 spermatogonia which will cyclically differentiate is insured.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light and electron microscopic study of the nearly mature enamel of rat incisors (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 559-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the organic matrix close to the mature enamel in 100 gm rat incisors was studied by light and electron microscopy using EDTA decalcified teeth.Under the light microscope, in 0.5 μ Epon sections, the enamel layer of cross sectioned upper incisors was about 60 μ thick. The inner enamel was about 40 μ thick and consisted of an initial enamel layer (4 μ) adjacent to the dentin in which no rod profiles were seen, and an inner layer proper which contained six to eight rows of oval-shaped rod profiles set in a homogeneous background. The profiles in any given row were inclined mesially or laterally and alternated in adjacent rows. The outer enamel was about 20 μ thick and consisted of an outer enamel proper and a 2-4 μ thick final enamel layer which smoothed out the enamel surface. The outer enamel proper contained smaller elliptical rod profiles in a more abundant background. These profiles were not arranged in rows and were oriented at right angles to the enamel surface. The final enamel layer contained no rod profiles and was lined on its outer surface by a PA-Schiff positive layer resembling a basement membrane.Under the electron microscope the matrix of rod profiles and interrod material could be distinguished. This consisted of aggregated tubular (and filamentous) subunits, 250 Å in diameter, with empty space between them. Within the rod profiles the subunits ran parallel to the rod's long axis, whereas in the interrod material the subunits were again parallel but but running at right angles to the subunits of the rods. In addition to forming the material between the rods, the interrod material also formed the initial and final enamel layers.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690401
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of cell web-containing epithelial reticular cells in the rat thymus (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 613-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In sections of thymus stained with the tannic acid-phosphomolybdic acid-amido black (TPA) technique, the epithelial reticular cells can readily be identified by the well-stained tonofibrils in their cytoplasm. In the cortex, flattened epithelial reticular cells form a continuous layer on the inner surface of the capsule and along the interlobular septa. Within the cortex proper, stellate epithelial reticular cells are widely dispersed as a loose network. In the medulla, two zones, referred to as “outer” and “inner” medulla, are distinguished. The outer medulla, like the cortex, contains epithelial reticular cells, but these are more voluminous, are more richly provided with tonofibrils and form a denser network than in the cortex. In the inner medulla no epithelial reticular cells can be seen but instead connective tissue cells and fibers make up the supporting framework. A layer of flattened epithelial reticular cells demarcates the outer from the inner medulla. This layer of cells also extends along the outer surface of blood capillaries seen in the outer medulla and cortex. Around the larger blood vessels, this layer of epithelial reticular cells is separated from the vessel wall by a connective tissue perivascular space. Hence, the inner medulla is continuous with the perivascular spaces and, like them, is supported by connective tissue. Thus, the epithelial reticular cells constitute the supporting framework of the cortex and outer medulla and separate these regions from the connective tissue of the capsule, interlobular septa, blood vessels and inner medulla.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of hepatic sinusoids in sheep (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the sheep hepatic sinusoid has been examined. Unlike that of most previously studied mammals, the sheep sinusoid has a continuous endothelial lining and a distinct basal lamina. Another unusual feature of the sheep sinusoidal endothelium is the presence of fenestrae closed by thin, single-layered diaphragms. Between the basal lamina and the hepatic parenchyma, processes of perivascular connective tissue cells are seen in unusual abundance. Particles consistent in size with very low density lipoproteins are found on both sides of the basal lamina, but the mechanism of transport of these particles across the endothelial barrier is unknown.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The connective tissue ground substance in the mouse uterine cervix: An electron microscopic histochemical studySupported in part by grant AM-11064 from the U.S. Public Health Service. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 97-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sections of uterine cervix from ovariectomized mice treated with relaxin (R) or estradiol benzoate (EB) alone or EB and R in combination were exposed to dialyzed iron solutions prior to epoxy embedding. Control mice were untreated or received the hormone vehicles. Prior to iron staining, some sections were exposed to: (1) 0.05% testicular hyaluronidase for four hours at 37°C; or (2) acidified methanol for four hours at 60°C. Ultrastructurally, the uterine cervical walls from control mice and those treated with R contained densely packed bundles of collagenous fibrils and cells that resembled fibrocytes with few organelles. Except for spurious intracellular iron deposits, there was no iron staining of extracellular components.Fibroblasts of cervices from mice treated with EB or EB and R were larger with highly developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi components. Small cytoplasmic vesicles were present close to the cell surface and each contained a thin inner rim of material. The stroma was characterized by widely dispersed bundles of collagenous fibrils in a greatly expanded cervical wall where there was extracellular iron staining that was prominent near cell surfaces and between individual fibrils within an amorphous material. Brief digestion with testicular hyaluronidase resulted in a reduction of extracellular iron staining, although deposits remained adjacent to cell surfaces, between fibrils and within cytoplasmic vesicles. Acidic methylation caused severe tissue damage so that an assessment of iron deposition in thin sections was impossible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700108
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  • 7
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    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition by cycloheximide of ACTH-induced internal differentiation of mitochondria in cortical cells in tissue cultures of fetal rat adrenalsSupported in part by research grant GM-06729 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 53-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue cultures of fetal rat adrenals were used to study effects of cycloheximide on the ACTH-induced synthesis of mitochondrial inner membranes in the cortical cells. Cycloheximide alone added to the culture medium in concentrations of 100-0.25 μg/ml killed the cortical cells during six days of treatment. At the dosage level of 0.15 μg/ml/6 days, it induced a decrease in the size of mitochondria and an increase in the pleomorphism of mitochondria. Cycloheximide at a concentration of 0.015 μg/ml/6 days induced no change in the ultrastructure of cortical cells. When cycloheximide in concentrations of 0.15 μg/ml/6 days was added to the culture medium together with 100 mU/ml/6 days of ACTH, the ACTH-induced changes of mitochondrial inner membranes (formation of 600 Å vesicles) was completely inhibited. It also suppressed the ACTH-induced development of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy of Golgi apparatus, development of microvilli and accumulation of lipids. However, it had no effects on the ACTH-induced increase in the number of polysomes 01 the increase of heterochromatin in the nucleus. Cycloheximide (0.08 μg/ml/6 days) given together with 100 mU/ml/6 days of ACTH had incomplete inhibitory effects on the ACTH-induced differentiation of the cortical cells. Cycloheximide (0.015 μg/ml/6 days) given together with ACTH resulted in only slight inhibition of ACTH-induced ultrastructural differentiation of adrenal cortical cells in vitro.The present observations suggest that (1) the stimulatory effect of ACTH on mitochondrial protein synthesis is dependent upon nuclear control of protein synthesis; (2) a specific cytoplasmic mitochondrial protein synthesis stimulating factor in the cytoplasm of cortical cells is dependent on ribosomal protein synthesis and is a mediator of ACTH action on the mitochondrion; (3) despite their apparent autonomy, the mitochondria in cortical cells are kept under nuclear control; (4) the only direct locus for the trophic effect of ACTH is in the nucleus.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710105
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  • 8
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    Effect of estrogen treatment on bone cortex of the young ratSupported in part by the National Institutes of Health Training grant GM 445 (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty-day old female rats were injected with 0.2 μg of 17-Beta-Estradiol daily for 30 days, and sacrificed at varying intervals. Decalcified crosssections of mandible, femur and tibia were prepared and measurements were made of: (1) number of osteons in two fields, (2) average number of lamellae per osteon, (3) average Haversian canal diameter, and (4) number of non-Haversian (primary) longitudinal canals in two ×40 microscopic fields. Pro-longed estrogen administration resulted in (1) earlier opening of vaginal plates, (2) lower rate of gain in body weight until treatment was stopped, (3) inhibition of linear bone growth but not of bone diameter, (4) decrease in the ratio bone-weight/body-weight, and (5) accelerated age changes in the aforementioned histologic variables; namely, increase in the first two and decrease in the latter two histologic measurements. Regression analyses indicated that as compared to long bones, consistently more accurate estimates of age at death could be derived from mandibular histology. It was concluded that bone microstructure is a sensitive measure of the metabolic state of the organism and the quantitative histologic techniques utilized here have important applications in diagnostic pathology, anthropology and in studies of development and aging.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710207
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  • 9
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    Electronic Resource
    Neuroglial population in the spinal white matter of neonatal and early postnatal rats: An autoradiographic study of numbers of neuroglia and changes in their proliferative activity (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The temporal pattern of increase in number of neuroglia in spinal cord white matter and the amount of multiplication in situ of these cells were studied in rats ranging from less than 12 hours following birth to 30 days of age. Autoradiographs of sections from animals killed four hours after injection of tritiated thymidine were studied; counts of the total neuroglial population and of the number of labeled neuroglia were made in the white matter of each half of the cord (hemisection). During the first two weeks following birth, the number of neuroglia per hemisection increased six times; thereafter, the population appeared to be stable. The increases in number of labeled neuroglia appeared to parallel the rise in total population, particularly during the period of greatest population increase, i.e., days 7 through 12. After 12 days, when the total population stabilized, there was a marked and rapid decrease in the number of labeled cells. The walls of the central canal were examined in view of the role this area plays in the initial development of the nervous system. In rats killed during the first 14 days postnatally, the dorsal and ventral walls were incomplete; however, numerous, unidentified cells adjacent to these walls were oriented as if entering the dorsal median septum and the ventral median sulcus. By 22 days the central canal area had more of its adult appearance.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710208
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  • 10
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    Electronic Resource
    Cytological differentiation of the mesothelial cells of the yolk sac of the bat, Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephalaThis investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Child Health and Human Development, grant HD 03391-02. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 293-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An ultrastructural analysis of the mesothelial cells of the yolk sac of the bat throughout gestation is presented. At first these cells are closely associated with the cytotrophoblast but become displaced by action of the allan-tois and collapse of the yolk sac. The mesothelial cells are exposed to the exo-coelom and develop cytological features characteristic of absorptive cells. Among these features are: (1) long microvilli extending from the apical and lateral plasma membranes and (2) absorptive canaliculi and tubules as well as absorptive vacuoles in the superficial cytoplasm. There is a paucity of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum throughout the existence of this cell type. After midgestation, granules containing numerous crystalloids appear in the cytoplasm of most of the cells. These are apparently the result of the absorption of protein-aceous material from the exocoelom. The crystalloids disappear before birth, and the mesothelium becomes degenerative in appearance. This sequence of development of the cytological features suggests a dynamic role for the mesothelium throughout its existence that involves absorption and storage of proteinaceous material from the exocoelom for use by the embryo.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710209
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  • 11
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    Electronic Resource
    Ruthenium red and violet. I. Chemistry, purification, methods of use for electron microscopy and mechanism of action (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 347-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The properties of the inorganic dye ruthenium red are presented with emphasis upon its use for electron microscopy of cells and tissues. Although commercial ruthenium red often can be used directly, it always contains various impurities and by-products. One of these, termed ruthenium violet, can be isolated and is useful by itself. Absorption spectra of the ruthenium dyes and common impurities are given so that an assay is possible for any sample. Convenient fixative recipes containing ruthenium red or violet are provided together with constraints necessary for a reliable reaction to label extracellular acidic mucosubstances. Perfusion was not successful. The specificity of the ruthenium red reaction was evaluated by spot testing with 57 substances, and by titration with chemically defined pectins. The results indicate that ruthenium red, as a hexavalent cation, precipitates a large variety of polyanions by ionic interaction, and that its classical reaction with pectin is typical rather than specific. New data are presented regarding its reaction with phospholipids. For electron microscopy, a further reaction with OsO4 amplifies the feeble electron density, which is the counterpart of its intense optical labeling, to a practical level resulting in strong contrast. An hypothesis is presented for the mechanism underlying this intensification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710302
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710401
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ruthenium red and violet. II. Fine structural localization in animal tissues (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 369-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The inorganic dye, ruthenium red, stains extracellular materials in animal tissues which probably are acidic mucopolysaccharides. It complements other techniques, its advantages being fine grain, high resolution and good contrast. Localization is shown in mouse and rat muscle, heart, lung and intestine, frog cartilage and cells scraped from oral epithelium of human beings. Attention is paid to collagen bundles, the cell/collagen interface and particularly the myotendinal junction, cartilage matrix and agar gel, desmosomes, intestinal microvilli, erythrocytes and vascular endothelium, nerve fibers and the T-system of striated muscle. Although ruthenium red generally is excluded by plasma membranes, it penetrates giving intracellular density, if the membrane is broken. Even when the cell membrane is intact, exceptions occur with selective staining of the T-tubules or the sarcoplasmic sacs depending upon the state of contraction of the muscle cell, and with intracellular staining of certain nuclei and epithelial cells. Ruthenium red stains intracellular lipid droplets revealing lamellae, and stains myelin forms grown from crude egg lecithin but cannot penetrate deeply. It is localized in extracellular materials which have an important mechanical function. Its exclusion by cell membranes permits tracing tortuous cellular invaginations and those exceptions to its exclusion invite a comparison of the localization of the dye with the function of the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710303
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    Ruthenium red and violet. III. Fine structure of the plasma membrane and extraneous coats in amoebae (A. proteus and chaos chaos) (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 417-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ruthenium violet, closely related to ruthenium red, supplements the ultrastructural knowledge of the plasma membrane complex. Amoebae throughout were handled individually with braking pipettes and were exposed to ruthenium violet alive, during fixation with acrolein and OSO4, or during dehydration. Ruthenium violet was less toxic than ruthenium red but still killed the amoebae. Conventional methods reveal a filamentous layer 2000 Å thick, an amorphous layer 150 Å thick, and a typical trilaminar plasma membrane (48 Å center-to-center). Ruthenium violet binds to the plasma membrane, and to the extraneous coats revealing globules in the filamentous layer. The diameter of the globules decreased according to the stage of processing at which the amoebae first encountered ruthenium violet; they were 1200 Å in diameter when amoebae were alive, 600 Å in acrolein and 300 Å in dehydration. The appearance of the filamentous layer varied when ruthenium violet was replaced by very pure ruthenium red or red containing ruthenium brown (typical of commercial ruthenium red). The globules could be demonstrated without using ruthenium dyes when amoebae were treated after fixation with uranyl acetate or phosphotungstic acid. The relationship of extraneous coats of amoebae is compared with the coats and laminae of animal tissue cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710304
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  • 15
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the junctional complexes from the descending thin limbs of the loop of Henle from rats (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 471-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: No spaces were seen within the tight junctions of descending thin limb cells of Henle's loop in rat kidney, although spaces 70 Å in diameter and larger had previously been reported in studies utilizing rabbit kidney. Colloidal lanthanum added to the fixative solutions was not able to penetrate these rat tight junctions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710404
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  • 16
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    Fine structure of the Mongolian gerbil adrenal cortexThis investigation was begun in the Biology Department of Clark University with support of predoctoral Public Health Service Fellowship 1-F1-FM-32, 961-01 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and completed at the Pathology Department, SUNY-Buffalo supported by U.S.P.H.S. research grant HE 06975 from the National Heart Institute. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 443-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relative weight of the Mongolian gerbil adrenal is one of the largest of any animal species. The adrenal cortex of the gerbil can be divided into three major zones and one zone located between th zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Mitochondrial cristae of zona glomerulosa cells are plate-like, those of the zona fasciculata are tubular whereas cristae are extensively developed and plate-like in the zona reticularis. Lipid droplets are numerous in fasciculata cells and sparse in glomerulosa and reticularis cells. Fasciculata and glomerulosa cells contain tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum whereas rough reticulum predominates in reticularis and border cells. Abundant lysosomes are found in glomerulosa cells; lysosomes are aggregated beneath the cell membrane of reticularis cells. Whorls of concentric lamellae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are localized exclusively to cells in the border zone. Cells in the border zone resemble those of the reticularis because of a virtual absence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum although mitochondrial cristae are tubular and therefore similar to those of the zona fasciculata. It is suggested that cells in the border zone represent a reserve of cells which may transform into fasciculata cells upon stimulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710402
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  • 17
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    The structure of developing bone marrow sinuses in extramedullary autotransplant of the marrow in ratsSupported in part by U. S. Public Health Service grant AM 12444 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and Atomic Energy Commission contract AT (30-1) 3808 and U. S. Public Health Service grant CA 5375-05 from the National Cancer Institute. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 477-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the developing sinuses of the bone marrow was studied in extramedullary autotransplants of the marrow in rats just before the onset of hemopoiesis. Sinuses are highly branching channels with walls consisting of a single layer of endothelium. The wall thickness varies considerably but larger sinuses generally have a thinner wall. Endothelial cells may overlap and interdigitate displaying junctional densities. Abrupt thinning of endothelium was observed in some areas but no apertures were noted. The endothelium is sometimes surrounded by collagen, but no basement membrane is present. Twenty-four percent of the endothelial surface is covered by pericytes and often rarified cytoplasmic spurs extend into perisinus areas. Microfilaments were seen under the cell membrane of pericytes. Medium-sized lymphocytes are frequently seen in the sinal lumen and intersinal tissue and they may constitute hemopoietic stem cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710405
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  • 18
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    Morphological studies of the altered pulps of the New Zealand white rabbit after resection of the inferior alveolar nerve and/or the superior cervical ganglionThis research was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Research grant DE-01604 from the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 495-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was carried out to determine the effects of denervation of the pulp organs of teeth, particularly on the odontoblasts and their processes. Therefore, resection of the inferior alveolar, cervical sympathetic, or a combination of both types of nerves supplying the mandibular incisor teeth of New Zealand white rabbits was performed and the results compared to adjacent, unaltered teeth. Neural stains were used to evaluate the presence or absence of nerve elements, while histochemical and titrametric methods were employed to determine the presence, location and concentration of cholinesterase enzymes in these teeth. Dilation of blood vessels was noted after cervical sympathetic resection and larger nerve trunks as well as peripherally located fine fibers were absent in the pulps following inferior alveolar nerve resection. Further, irregular dentin formation and associated small openings in the tips of the teeth were observed after nerve resection. Titrametric analysis indicated a significant decrease in the concentration of cholinesterase in the pulp organ of incisors 15-19 days after resection of either the inferior alveolar nerve or both inferior alveolar and cervical sympathetic nerves. Only a slight decrease in the concentration of cholinesterase was noted after removal of the cervical sympathetic nerve alone. Histochemical results confirmed a decrease in cholinesterase after resection of the inferior alveolar, cervical sympathetic or both nerves. The concentration of the oxidative enzyme, succinic dehydrogenase, however, increased after all three types of nerve resection. This increase was apparent particularly in the odontoblastic cells underlying the predentin.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710406
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    Autoradiographic studies of intramedullary schwann cells in irradiated spinal cords of immature rats (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation examined the development of intramedullary Schwann cells. The presence of these cells in spinal cords of rats irradiated when three days old and examined 15 or more days later had been noted previously in this laboratory. The present study is an autoradiographic evaluation of spinal cords from groups of rats receiving a single injection of tritiated thymidine at an interval from 7 to 15 days after irradiation (3 days of age) and killed four hours to seven days following injection. The earliest post-irradiation interval at which the intramedullary Schwann cells were present was at nine days in only one animal. These cells were seen in approximately half of the rats injected and killed 11 days after irradiation and in all in the 15-day-group. In all of these cases the animals were killed four hours after injection of tritiated thymidine and a portion of this cell population was labeled. When the time between injection and autopsy was delayed for three or seven days, a decrease in intensity of the labeling was apparent and many cells were lightly labeled, indicating that cell proliferation had occurred. Although the evidence was not conclusive, the results suggested that the intramedullary Schwann cells were probably progeny of cells derived from the dorsal roots, the latter cells having been stimulated to migrate into and to divide within the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710408
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    Vascular morphology in hypertensive states in the rat (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 529-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphological characteristics of the tail artery and of the superficial epigastric neurovascular bundle, fast-frozen in vivo with a cryosurgical probe in less than one second, were examined in norepinephrine and in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced systemic hypertension. Acute vasoconstriction produced by norepinephrine begins in the innermost muscle layers and extends by degrees to the outer layers. The pull of the inner cells is distributed through the wall by a network of radially disposed collagen fibers. No qualitative signs of vasoconstriction were observed either in arteries or arterioles in advanced DOCA hypertension. Here, the pattern was dominated by hypertrophy, apparent in the size of the smooth muscle cells and of their nuclei and in a considerable accentuation of cell boundaries indicating an increase in the paracellular matrix.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710409
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  • 21
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    Ultrastructural comparisons of paired cisternae in leukemic and mesenchymal cells during mitosis (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Paired membranous lamellae were observed in tumor cells from chloroleukemic rats and human embryonic mesenchyme during mitosis. These structures are morphologically identical. Their role during karyokinesis and their relationship to the nuclear envelope is discussed. In addition, it is suggested that at least two mechanisms for breakdown and restoration of nuclear envelope exist during mitosis: (1) vesiculation and (2) lamellation (the formation of membranous lamellae).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710411
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  • 22
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    Prismatic and other unusual arrays of mitochondrial cristae in astrocytes of cats and hamstersSupported in part by DHEW grants NS-00690. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Further work with mitochondria containing prismatic cristae has revealed that this type occurs as a constant feature and in some abundance in the dorsolateral region of the spinal cord of the cat at cervical, thoracic and lumbar levels. All such mitochondria occur in astrocytes. The most common forms are long rods with an abundance of matrix and very few cristae. The matrix in the majority of such mitochondria is of moderate density and without discernible organization. In others the matrix consists of closely packed rodlets with or without occasional prismatic cristae. A frequent pattern is a core of longitudinal rodlets surrounded by a rim of circumferential ones. In the circumferential zone a single row of triangular cristae is present. The unusual mitochondria vary greatly in size, from 0.2-5.0μ Mitochondria containing ordered arrays of cristae that are triangular in cross section are for the most part much smaller than those with very few cristae and smaller than similar mitochondria described in the Syrian hamster. It is concluded that close packing in the matrix (obviously hexagonal in many instances) is the cause of the prismatic shape of the cristae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710410
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    Pulmonary veins in the chick embryo: Origin as determined by radioautographic mapping (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the head process to early head fold stage chick embryo, the cells which will form the pulmonary veins are located in the mesoderm near the posteromedial edges of the heart-forming regions. At the 26 somite to early limb bud stage, the presumptive pulmonary vein cells have been folded to the midline of the embryo as part of the splanchnic mesoderm and form the endothelial plexus which courses through the dorsal mesentery of the sinoatrial region of the heart.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690107
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    Early differentiation of the chick embryo spinal cord in organ culture: Light and electron microscopyThis work was supported by grants from the United States Public Health Service (5 R01 NB 0637) and the United Cerebral Palsy Research and Educational Foundation (R-169-64 and 65). (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 45-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick embryo spinal cord has been explanted at two-day stages, when few or no cells have formed axons, and cultured for five to seven days. The effects of various culture methods and the presence or absence of other tissues on differentiation have been studied. Many cells with axons and numerous nerve fibers were seen in silver-stained sections of completely isolated neural tube cultured in a fold of vitelline membrane, as well as in neural tube explanted with adjacent tissues and in isolated neural tube recombined with somites. Electron micrographs of corresponding cultures showed cell bodies similar to those of fairly early nerve cells in vivo and processes with the structure of axons. Some characteristic differences in cell fine structure and in histological organization among these types of cultures were observed. Isolated neural tube cultured directly on a millipore filter did not survive or differentiate as well. These observations indicate that initial phases of nerve cell differentiation can proceed in organ culture and that there is no specific requirement for interaction with adjacent mesodermal tissues. This system can be used profitably for further investigation of factors controlling various aspects of differentiation in the central nervous system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690106
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    Morphological-histochemical comparison of dog and cat splenic ellipsoid sheaths (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Investigations were made on the morphological and histochemical nature of the ellipsoid sheaths of two different types of spleens, sinusal and non-sinusal, as found in the dog and cat respectively.Ellipsoid cells of dog and cat spleens respond similarly with Marshall's silver impregnation method as well as demonstrate activity for the hydrolytic enzyme, acid phosphatase. Both technics substantiate ellipsoid involvement in the reticuloendothelial system. Nonspecific esterase, another hydrolytic enzyme commonly found in phagocytic cells, was demonstrated in the cat ellipsoid cells but not in similar cells of the dog spleen indicating a basic difference in the physiological activity of the dog and cat ellipsoid cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690110
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690201
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    The fine structure of monkey and human spermatozoaThis study was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. research grant HD-03341, by U.S.P.H.S. research contract 69-2220 and by Ford Foundation Training Program in Reproductive Biology. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 129-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of spermatozoa of two species of monkey, Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina, and man was studied following fixation of seminal fluids in buffered picric acid-formaldehyde (PAF). The various components of the sperm have been studied mostly in light of the behavior of this cell at the time of conjugation with the ovum.The possible equivalence between acrosome and lysosomes has been discrussed considering the origin, enzymatic activity, and mechanism of action of these two classes of organelles. The fine morphology of the post-acrosomal cap has been found to be comparable to that of a septate desmosome. We have introduced the hypothesis that the cap plays a role in establishing and maintaining adhesion between the spermatozoon and the ovum at the time of gamete conjugation. The formation of the scrolls of the nuclear membrance in the posterior region of the nucleus has been put into relation with the modifications of volume and shape of the spermatid nucleus. The function of the scrolls could be to increase the surface through which nucleocytoplasmic exchanges take place. The possibility that the presence of a voluminous cytoplasmic droplet in human spermatozoa is a sign of cellular immaturity has also been discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690202
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    The ultrastructure of the human adrenal medulla: With comparative studies of white ratPartial support by USPHS grant AM-06074, HE 11-114 and NNB 07250. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is wide support for the concept that there are two types of secretory cells in adrenal medulla of various species. One cell is filled with electron dense bodies believed to contain norepinephrine; the other cell's lesser stained bodies contain epinephrine. This differential density may be seen by fixation in osmium tetroxide after glutaraldehyde.The two cell types have not been clearly shown in human tissues. Such a failure may be related to fixation. In consideration of this, fresh human adrenal was fixed in cold 1% glutaraldehyde, then 1% osmium tetroxide  -  a procedure known to give satisfactory differentiation in other species. A parallel study with rat tissue was then done.Electron microscopy revealed two types of cells in rats, while in man an obvious cell difference was not found. There is, however, a clear difference in human chromaffin granule density, which implies that the human cells have random numbers of both light and dark granules. The morphologic difference of the cell types in man may be less distinct than in the rat. Another possibility is that in cells with predominantly dark granules, there are co-mingled lighter granules with the coexistence of cells of opposite dominance. Both hormones then would occur in the same cell in varying proportions according to functional demand. It seems highly unlikely that two distinct cell types would have been overlooked with wide sampling, however, in a study of three adrenal glands, one cannot rule out their existence.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690204
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    The cartilage endplates of the human vertebral column (some considerations of postnatal development)This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 705-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cartilage plates covering the lumbar vertebral bodies were examined macro- and microscopically in infants and children. Particular attention was given to the distribution of vascular canals within these plates. Some of the canals are responsible for the formation of spoke-like ridges of cartilages. The latter develop as the vertebral body expands in height and girth. The canals show a characteristic distribution and end blindly in the neighborhood of the anulus fibrosus.The cartilage plates are known to provide a growth zone for the center of the vertebrae. In addition, they appear to contribute also to the growing intervertebral disc. The present investigation suggests that an association exists between the blind endings of the vascular canals and the interstitial lamellar growth of the anulus fibrosus at the time of active, postnatal disc expansion.Comparison of differences in shape of infantile lumbar vertebrae were made in various cases with a known history. These studies suggest that weight bearing and movement influence the development of a particular shape. It can be demonstrated that in the absence of normal stresses some lumbar vertebrae grow taller and have a decreased anterior-posterior diameter.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690409
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    The Function of the teres major muscle: An electromyographic studySupported by grant 16-P-56808/4-07, Social and Rehabilitation Services, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D. C. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 309-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electromyographic activity of the teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles using indwelling bipolar fine-wire electrodes was recorded during motion of the arm and shoulder without resistance, against resistance, and during static resisted activity. The teres major is active during static motion and during motion against resistance with medial rotation, adduction, and extension of the arm. It is not active during motion without resistance, although latissimus dorsi usually is.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700307
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    Satellite cells as the source of nuclei in muscles of growing rats (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 421-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The source of the new nuclei appearing during the growth of muscle fibers was examined in the tibialis anterior muscle of young Sherman rats (14-17 days of age) using radioautography at various intervals after a single injection of a small, non-toxic dose of 3H-thymidine (2 μCi/g body weight). Two techniques were employed: (1) labeled nuclei were detected in 1 μ thick radioautographs examined in the light microscope, and identified by simultaneous electron microscope examination of an adjacent section. The nuclei were then classified either as “true” muscle nuclei (within the plasmalemma of the fibers) or as belonging to “satellite cells” (which are mononucleated cells with scanty cytoplasm wedged between plasmalemma and basement membrane). (2) Muscle fibers freed by collagenase digestion were radioautographed one hour after 3H-thymidine injection in order to determine the total number of labeled nuclei (true muscle nuclei plus those of satellite cells) per unit length of fiber.Certain nuclei within the basement membrane of muscle fibers are labeled one hour after 3H-thymidine and, therefore, synthesize DNA. The electron microscope demonstrates that these nuclei invariably belong to satellite cells, never to true muscle nuclei. Furthermore, the total number of labeled nuclei per unit length of fiber doubles between 1 and 24 hours; and, therefore, the labeled satellite cell nuclei undergo mitosis.Following mitosis, half of the daughters of satellite cells are incorporated into the fibers to become true muscle nuclei. The remaining half divides again later; and half of their daughter cells are incorporated. Thus, satellite cells in young rats divide repeatedly and function as a source of true muscle nuclei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700405
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    The histophysiology of rat plantar sweat glandsThis research was supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Research grant AM 11407, AM 06278, and U. S. Public Health Service Career Development Award 5-K3-GM-7324. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The plantar sweat glands of the rat have been studied by light and electron microscopy. These glands differ from conventional eccrine sweat glands of man, other primates, and cats in that the secretory segment contains only one type of secretory cell. This cell is characterized by a relatively nondescript cytoplasm containing numerous vesicles, extensive interdigitations of adjacent plasma membranes and small microvilli projecting into the lumen. In the resting gland, two types of cells can be distinguished on the basis of mitochondrial morphology. Some cells contain mitochondria in condensed configurations, and others contain mitochondria in the more orthodox configuration. Following stimulation, these differences are not pronounced; and the condensed mitochondria have evidently changed into more orthodox mitochondria in appearance. No distinct cytologic pathway for secretion could be defined, correlated with the most unusual ionic composition of the sweat in this animal (very high levels of potassium). The sweat glands of the rat foot pad then are unique as compared with other cutaneous glands both in their cytologic appearance and in the chemical composition of the sweat they elaborate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690102
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    The effect of temperature differentials upon the differentiation of Mauthner's cell in AmbystomaThis research was supported by grant 1 R01-NB 08112-01 from the National Institutes of Health. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of Ambystoma maculatum were separated into three groups and maintained at 5°, 8° and 14°C, respectively, until stage 27. At this stage the otic vesicle was extirpated from the right side, thus eliminating the VIIIth cranial ganglion and root. The number of cases in which Mauthner's cell (MC) failed to differentiate in the absence of VIIIth roots was compared among the three temperature groups.In a total of 713 animals, MC was absent on the side of operation in 200 cases (28.05%). Comparison of the three temperature groups with respect to the absence of MC is as follows: 14°, 39 of 212 cases (18%); 8°, 83 of 266 cases (31%); 5°, 78 of 235 cases (33%). Statistical analysis of these data demonstrates a significant difference between either one of the colder groups and the 14° group with regard to suppression of MC. When the two colder groups are tallied as a single sample, the difference is even more significant. There is no significant difference between the 5° and 8° groups. These results indicate that the differentiation of MC is more dependent upon the ingrowth of VIIIth root fibers when morphological development has been delayed by prolonged hypothermia.
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    Morphology and microanatomy of the adrenal cortex of the coyoteThis investigation was supported by a research grant from the Washington State Game Department. Rewarding discussions with Drs. I. O. Buss and J. H. Larsen, Jr. are acknowledged. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The left adrenal in adult coyotes (25) was heavier than the right (P 〈 0.005). Adrenal weights of pups (3 males and 3 females) were not different (P 〉 0.05). Absolute adrenal weight in adult females was greater than in adult males (P 〈 0.01). In the six pups which were under seven months old the adrenals of males were heavier than in females (P 〈 0.025).Changes in the widths of adrenocortical zones were analyzed with regard to maturity. The width of the glomerular zone in immature coyotes was not different from mature animals. Immature males had a wider fasciculata than immature females (P 〈 0.01) and mature males (P 〈 0.01). The reticular zone exhibited the greatest relative growth with maturity in both sexes.Zona glomerular cells were columnar epithelia with oval nuclei which contained one or two nucleoli. Fascicular cells were polyhedral shaped with central nuclei which contained as many as three nucleoli. The zona reticularis was characterized by anastomosing cords. Nuclei were highly variable in size. Nucleoli were often dispersed around the nuclear membrane. Lipids were stored as large irregularly-shaped droplets in the fasciculata and as small, round droplets in the reticularis.Cortical cells from coyotes of all ages showed the presence of histones; all zones reacted positively. Nucleoli and chromatin granules gave intense reactions, suggesting close association between histones and nuclear RNA and DNA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690403
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    Popliteus muscle in man (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 727-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the morphology of the popliteus muscle based on the dissection of 15 human cadaver's knees. The muscle is found to have three origins: the strongest from the lateral femoral condyle is already wellknown, but there is also an important band from the fibula and a firm attachment to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. The femoral and fibular origins form the arms of an oblique Y-shaped ligament, the base of which is formed by the capsule and the meniscal origins. This previously was described as a separate entity, the “arcuate ligament,” attached to the belly of the muscle, but it is not a separate ligament. Rather it is a condensation of the fibers of origin of the popliteus including those from the fibula.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690411
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    Histochemical study of estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of clomiphene citrate on glycogen synthesis by myometrium and luminal epithelium of rat uterusThis study was supported by USPHS grants HD-01357 and AM-08029. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 717-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glycogen localization in the myometrium and luminal epithelium of the rat uterus was studied by the periodic acid-leucofuchsin technique after ovariectomized rats had been treated with various regimens of 1.0 μg estradiol dipropionate and 50.0 μg clomiphene citrate. Three regimens were used: (a) one or three dosages of clomiphene, alone or in combination with one or three dosages of estradiol; (b) a single dosage of clomiphene before a single dosage of estradiol; (c) a single dosage of clomiphene after a single dosage of estradiol.The estrogenic effect of clomiphene on the myometrium was less than that of estradiol. Clomiphene suppressed myometrial glycogen accumulation induced by estradiol when administered with estradiol, six hours before the hormone, or as long as 24 hours after estradiol. The luminal epithelium responded differently to estradiol and clomiphene: the number of luminal epithelial cells containing glycogen strikingly increased after clomiphene treatment but not after estradiol treatment. A few scattered cells contained glycogen 24 hours after one dosage of the drug. Forty-eight hours after a single dosage or after three dosages of the drug administered one per day, every luminal epithelial cell contained glycogen. The effect of clomiphene on the luminal epithelium may be either a unique action of the drug or an abnormal response of the tissue, similar to that reported for high doses of estradiol. This effect of clomiphene on the luminal epithelium may possibly be a factor in the drug's ability to block blastocyst implantation in the rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690410
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    Ultrastructural changes in the cell cycle of cultured melanoma cellsPublication 438 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, and supported by PHS Research grant CA 08499 from the National Cancer Institute and grant FR 00163 from the National Institutes of Health. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 41-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the synchronized cultures of B16 melanoma cells at different days of incubation was studied.Our observations demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum first develops in the dividing cells as simple flattened smooth cisternae, which become paired or multilamellated during nuclear reconstruction and form annulate lamellae as well as typical endoplasmic reticulum with ribosome-studded membranes in the postmitotic and interphase cells.The presence of both premelanosomes and melanosomes in dividing cells is unequivocal evidence that functionally mature melanocytes are capable of proliferation.
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    The fine structure of a lateral recess of the subarachnoid space in the ratThe project was supported by Public Health Service Training grant 5TI-GM-1014, from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences. The terminal phases of the work were aided by grant NS 09363, United States Public Health Service. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study reports an electron microscopic investigation to the spinal meninges of the rat as they exist between the dorsal and ventral nerve roots in upper thoracic and cervical levels of the vertebral column. Between these roots, at a point where they penetrate the spinal dura, the leptomeninges are characterized by a histological pattern comparable to that elsewhere comprising the subarachnoid angle. However, this region is modified and possesses a number of heretofore unknown histological features. The most noteworthy is a lateral recess of the subarachnoid space.The meninges located between the nerve roots do not form a definite lateral boundary for the subarachnoid space. Here the subarachnoid space opens into a lateral recess which extends peripherally between the dorsal and ventral nerve roots. Conspicuous amounts of cellular debris are collected within the lateral recess. Numerous free macrophages congregate here. The lateral recess may be a communicating pathway between the central and peripheral nervous systems by way of the endoneurium of the nerve trunk.
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    Effect of sodium fluoride and sodium pyruvate on palatal development in vitroThis research was supported by grant MA-3556 from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Explants of the embryonic rat palate have been treated by adding sodium fluoride and sodium pyruvate to the culture medium. Fluoride, at specific concentrations, causes retardation of palatal shelf growth so that fusion does not occur during the culture period. Partial or complete fusion does occur if fluoride levels are reduced.Sodium pyruvate added to the medium advances the time of fusion of explants over that found in controls. When combined with fluoride in the medium, pyruvate can reverse the effects of fluoride on shelf growth and permit complete fusion to take place in a laige percentage of explants.The mode of action of flucride or pyruvate under these experimental conditions has not been determined. However, the known effects of fluoride as an enzyme inhibitor must be considered.
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    Postnatal development and properties of ultimobranchial follicles in the rat thyroid (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 247-258 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mature ultimobranchial follicles in the Fischer rat thyroid are characterized by being lined by two or more layers of cells (U cells) and by having an abundance of desquamated cells in the lumen. Such follicles, of variable size and shape, were found in almost every lobe in rats at least 30 days old. They were usually in the interior of the lobe in contact with perivascular connective tissue. Ultimobranchial follicles with multiple layers of cells were not observed in the two-day-old rat indicating that these follicles are an example of postnatal development. The most common precursor in the rat was a follicle, relatively large compared with the usual thyroid follicle, containing some cells or debris. Other precursor structures included narrow tubes, sheets or spheroids of cells characteristically having little cytoplasm. Intermedlate forms between these precursors and mature ultimobranchial follicles were recognized. Cells were desquamated while nucleated, and, later, the nuclei disappeared. Thus, in some follicles non-nucleated debris accumulated. Many follicles were composed of mixed populations of cells, both typical thyroid epithelium and U cells. The relative abundance of the two cell types varied markedly as did the proportions of colloid and cell debris.
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    Fine structure of ultimobranchial follicles in the thyroid gland of the ratPresented in part at the Sixth International Thyroid Conference, Vienna, June 1970. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 259-272 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mature ultimobranchial follicle of the rat consists of two or more layers of cells (U cells) surrounding a lumen containing cell debris. The ultrastructure of the outer, or basal, U cell is characterized by the presence of half desmosomes on the basal plasma membrane and pinocytotic vesicles near it, by little granular reticulum but an abundance of free ribosomes, by clusters of fibrils connected to desmosomes and possibly free in the cytoplasm. The cell ages by accumulation of clusters of fibrils and it undergoes differentiation to form more apical U cells which contain fewer ribosomes and have fibrils dispersed in the cytoplasm. The apical U cell is desquamated into the lumen and ultimately becomes a carcass containing a dense matting of fibers and vacuoles containing a reticulated material resembling that in the lumen. U cells are observed associated with typical thyroid epithelium in the thyroid of the newborn rat in relatively large follicles containing colloid and desquamated cells. They also form rods of cells in the very young rat. Mixed follicles containing both U cells and typical thyroid epithelium occur at all ages.
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    The fine structure of bone in the nasal turbinates of young pigs (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 329-345 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The three types of bone cells in the nasal turbinates had characteristic ultrastructural features. Osteoblasts were located in areas of new bone formation and had abundant endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi apparatuses, numerous vesicles, and cytoplasmic processes that penetrated the adjacent osteoid. Osteocytes had variable ultrastructural characteristics. The predominant cell filled the lacuna, had few organelles, smooth plasma membranes, and was interpreted to be a mature resting osteocyte. Some osteocytes appeared to be transitional between osteoblasts and mature osteocytes. Evidence of matrix formation was seen near osteocytes with well developed organelles, whereas osteocytes with swollen mitochondria, dense bodies and irregular plasma membranes appeared to be involved with resorption of bone. Multinucleated osteo-clasts contained numerous mitochondria and had crystals or unmineralized collagen fibrils between folds and within vacuoles of the cytoplasmic projections forming the brush border.
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    Dendrite bundles in Lamina IX of cat spinal cord: A possible source for electrical interaction between motoneurons?This work was supported by research grants NS-09693-01 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 313-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Longitudinally-oriented bundles of closely-aligned motoneuron dendrites in Lamina IX of cat spinal cord were examined. These dendrites were interrelated in one of several ways: (1) They were separated by a space of several microns containing small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, synaptic boutons, and glial processes; (2) Some dendrites were separated by a gap of 0.2-0.5 μ which contained only an attenuated astrocyte process; (3) The plasma membranes of the adjacent dendrites were occasionally found in direct apposition and in most of these instances there was no detectable specialization of the opposing membranes; (4) There were definite modifications along the appositional membranes. These zones were characterized by a gap of ∼ 180 Å, and symmetrical, non-polarized aggregations of electron-opaque material were found along the cytoplasmic surfaces of the membranes.It is suggested that the spatial arrangement and appositional relations of these dendrites represent a morphological substrate for the weak electrical facilitation known to occur between motoneurons in the cat spinal cord.
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710301
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690101
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    Cell replication of mesenchymal elements in adult tissues. I. The replication and migration of mesenchymal cells in the adult rabbit dermisSupported in part by grant AM-12396 of the NIAMD, NIH, US PHS, by grant P-362 of the American Cancer Society, and by a gift from Mr. Jacques Weber. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 593-611 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoradiographic determination of the number and distribution of replicating mesenchymal cells in rabbit dermis was carried out using animals sacrificed between two hours and 21 days after a multiple-dose-pulse of 3H-thymidine. Initial labeling of mesenchymal cells occurred principally in a zone immediately subjacent to the germinative epithelium. This was confirmed by in vitro studies of the uptake of 3H-Tdr by rabbit skin during one hour of incubation. Five days after the in vitro pulse of 3H-Tdr there was a fifteen-fold increase in the number of labeled cells, considerable dilution of label and migration of labeled cells so that they were evenly distributed throughout the full thickness of the dermis. At 21 days the number of labeled cells was similar to that found at five days, but there was further migration of labeled cells toward the deep dermis.This tissue provides an example of appositional replication and divergent migration of an epithelial-mesenchymal system.
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    Fine structure of rat pituitary ciliaSupported in part by USPHS grant AM-5261. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 637-649 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pituitary glands of 30 ♀ rats from one to seven and one-half months old were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. One five-month gland was fixed in Karnovsky's paraformaldehyde mixture.Cilia in the residual cleft at all ages and in the electron lucid vesicles found in the pars distalis during the first two months occur in great numbers per cell and show the 9 + 2 pattern (9 peripheral doublets around 2 central tubules slightly separated from each other) characteristic of kinocilia. The spaces into which these cilia project may contain disintegrating cells as well as colloid-like material of variable density.Cilia found in or between parenchymal cells of the pars distalis usually occur one per cell and lack central tubules. One of the doublets is often displaced toward the center. Cilia have been seen in three types of granular as well as in non-granular cells. A pair of cilia enclosed in the same membrane was found once within and twice between parenchymal cells.Central tubules appear to develop only in locations (cleft and vesicles) where motility is possible. The single cilia found in parenchymal cells may be considered immature and are presumably non-functional.
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    Ultrastructural aspects of the main excretory duct of rat submandibular glandSupported by USPHS grants DE-2670 and DE-02110 and Carrer Award (to LHS) 5-K6-DE-3341. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 679-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent data indicate active transport of Na+ and K+ by the main excretory duct (MED) of the rat submandibular gland. In view of these data submandibular MED's of four adult rats were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Luminal surfaces of two MED's were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The duct is surrounded by connective tissue, blood vessels and neuron perikarya. Blood supply to the ductal epithelium consists of a plexus of sinusoidal capillaries. Three principal cell types compose the epithelium: light cells, dark cells, and basal cells. The basal cells resemble those of striated ducts except for the presence of numerous hemidesmosomes along basal plasma membranes of MED basal cells. Light cells show basal infoldings, and bulbous enlargements may occur at their distal aspects. Dark cells are narrow, electron dense cells with prominent microvilli at the luminal surface. Intercellular clefts penetrate MED epithelium from the lumen to a depth of one-third the epithelial thickness. Surfaces of the clefts are lined by dark and light cells. Intercellular tissue spaces are present at lateral boundaries of all cells and extend from the epithelial base to distal cytoplasmic levels.
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    Intracellular distribution of mucosubstances in the major sublingual gland of the rat (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 71-95 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intracellular distribution of mucosubstances in the acinar cells of the rat sublingual gland has been studied at the electron microscopic level by means of two histochemical techniques: PA-silver methenamine for the detection of vicinal glycols and colloidal thorium for the detection of polyanions. By both methods the secretory granules in the mucous acinar cells were selectively stained. The reaction products were visualized as dense closely packed precipitates covering the entire matrix of the individual mucous granules. Similar reaction products were also often observed within the Golgi apparatus of the mucous cells. In striking contrast, the secretory granules and Golgi apparatus of the demilunar cells exhibited no demonstrable selective staining by either method. It is concluded that the secretory granules of the mucous acinar cells are largely composed of mucosubstances containing vicinal glycols and polyanions and that the secretory granules in demilunar cells contain no demonstrable content of such mucosubstances.
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    Morphologic studies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vitro (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 97-104 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple method for in vitro studies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue is described. Explants of adipose tissue have been maintained in vitro for 30 weeks in Parker medium 199. The morphology of cultured explants compared well with that of freshly excised specimens. In the absence of serum there was no outgrowth of fibroblast-like cells. When human serum was added to the medium at concentrations exceeding 5% there was a proliferation of fibroblast-like cells. This cell proliferation could still be obtained when serum was added after two weeks of culture in a serum free medium. The adipose cells were isolated with collagenase and the cell size determined. Explants with an initial mean cell size larger than about 95 μ showed a significant decrease in cell size during the incubation. This could not be attributed to a traumatic effect. Metabolic differences between large and small adipose cells was suggested as a possible reason.
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700201
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    Development of the amphibian pineal organ; Fine structure during maturationThis study was supported by research grant GB 14098 from the National Science Foundation and GM 16598 from the United States Public Health Service. The authors are indebted to Mrs. Sandra Kunz and Mrs. Nancy Gross for their able technical assistance and to Mrs. Doris Ringer for secretarial help. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 129-142 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pineal organ of the West Coast newt Taricha torosa has been examined electron microscopically one, two and five years after metamorphosis. Although the organ has flattened with concomitant reduction of the lumen, the basic larval organization of the pineal photoreceptors and supportive cells is retained. Photoreceptors demonstrate both basal synaptic regions and outer segments, although the latter are disorganized as compared to the larva. Supportive cells, which increase in volume with age, contain membranous debris suggesting a sequence of phagocytosis of outer segments. Tubular vesticular membrane complexes enclosing 450 Å tubules are found in supportive cell processes adjacent to the basal lamina near blood vessels. Despite these changes the adult pineal organ retains the morphological entities thought to be necessary for photoreceptive function.
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    Functional anatomy of the cardiac nerves in the baboonSupported by NIH grant HE 08682 to Loyola University and grant FR 00166 to the Regional Primate Research Center, Seattle. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 183-198 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In 17 anesthetized baboons, the autonomic innervation of the heart was carefully exposed and electrically stimulated to determine the course of fibers having direct inotropic and/or chronotropic actions. The superior cervical and nodose ganglia are intimately associated by means of short but large interconnections, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic trunks descend with the carotid artery in a common epineural sheath. The middle cervical ganglion is invariably well defined and completely separated from the vagus trunk in the upper portion of the thoracic cage. Direct nervous connections between the sympathetic and vagal trunks are frequent at all levels within the thorax. Both systems also send small nerves into the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Separate inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia were not found, but rather, a large and well defined stellate ganglion extending across the heads of the first and second ribs. The stellates are connected to the middle cervical ganglia by means of both dorsal and ventral ansae subclavia of varying size. Although fine nerves arising from the upper thoracic trunk were located, they appeared to have no direct inotropic or chronotropic actions. The major sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves converge upon richly interconnected dorsal and ventral cardiopulmonary plexuses and several minor (superior vena cava, left atrial, pulmonary veins) plexuses. Both ipsilateral and contralateral control of cardiac function is possible through these pathways. The baboon cardiac innervation thus appears to resemble that of man in some respects and the dog in others.
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    Cell count correction factors for the quantitative histological analysis of the germinal epithelium of the ram (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 413-419 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between the Sertoli cell counts, some measurable parameters of the seminiferous tubules and the dimensions of the Sertoli cell nuclei were examined in both normal and degenerate testes. Highly significant differences were found between rams in the numbers and in the dimensions and volumes of the Sertoli cell nuclei and in the diameters of the seminiferous tubules. The Sertoli cell counts were corrected for the differences in nuclear volume by dividing the count by the calculated nuclear volume. The Sertoli cell counts were corrected for changes in the area of the seminiferous tubule wall by multiplying the count by the square of the tubule radius. Correction for either nuclear volume or tubule area alone increased the differences between the Sertoli cell counts, but a simultaneous correction for both factors equalized the counts so that there were no significant differences between rams in the number of Sertoli cells per tubule cross-section. It was concluded that, in normal and degenerate ram testes, counts of the Sertoli cell nuclei in the seminiferous tubule cross-sections, when corrected for differences in nuclear volume, would provide a valid basis for comparing volume-corrected counts of spermatogenic cells in different animals and in different treatments.
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    Ultrastructural changes in mouse yolk sac associated with the initiation of vitelline circulation (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 437-455 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac have been studied from the seventh to eleventh day of gestation. The absorptive capacity of the cells is established by the seventh day as indicated by the presence of microvilli, coated invaginations and vacuoles, the apical canalicular system and abundance of absorptive droplets and vacuoles in these cells. Changes in cellular structure during the next three to four days include the development of the cisternal system of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in mitochondrial number and their localization near absorptive droplets and the formation of multiple Golgi complexes. Intercellular spaces form between the endodermal cells by eight to eight and one-half days and coincide with the disappearance of the basal lamina separating the endoderm and mesoderm (angioblastic cords); these changes correlate with the formation of the vitelline vessels. As the vitelline circulation becomes functional, the visceral basal lamina is re-established, the intercellular clefts decrease in prominence and the absorptive storage droplets and vacuoles decrease in size and number.The apical junctional complex of the endodermal cells forms a continuous barrier for the direct passage of material from the yolk sac cavity to the developing vitelline vessels as established by the use of ruthenium red. The absorption and intracellular storage of macromolecules in the visceral endodermal cells was traced through the intermicrovillous apical coated invaginations, coated vesicles, apical canaliculi and storage vacuoles using ferritin.Immunofluorescent studies indicate the presence of immunoglobulin (anti-mouse gamma globulin) in the cytoplasm of the visceral endodermal cells as early as 9 to 11 days. Several blast-like cells which also were observed in the vitelline vessels at 11 days exhibited positive fluorescence for immunoglobulin.
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    Freeze-etch observations of rat lungSupported by General Research Support grant FRO-5549-07 (69-24) from California State Department of Public Health and made possible by research leave awarded by California State College, Hayward. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 471-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The freeze-etch technique was used to study the fine structure of the terminal respiratory membranes of rat lung. Special emphasis was given to the ultrastructure of the type II alveolar cell and its role in formation of the surface active material. Our morphological evidence supports the theory that membrane-bound multivesicular bodies in the cytoplasm of type II cells accumulate phospholipid material to form lamellar structures which are extruded onto the alveolar surface as one of the components of the surface active material. Subsequent loss of the lamellar configuration in the surface active layer is discussed. Electron micrographs demonstrate numerous microindentations that extend into the base of alveolar cells and help establish a close relation with the basal lamella.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700408
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    Epithelial cell proliferation in the mouse vagina during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation: A radioautographic studyPreliminary data were reported in the Anatomical Record (Anat. Rec., 163: 328, 1969) and the final data were presented at the IX International Congress of Anatomists, Leningrad, U.S.S.R., 1970.This investigation was supported by N.I.H. grant CA 10842. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radioautographic study of epithelial cell proliferation in the vaginas of mice during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, lactation, and under certain experimental conditions is reported. Data were expressed as labeled cells per 1000 basal cells counted. The proportion of labeled cells that were basal or nonbasal was determined. The highest rates of proliferation were recorded during the estrous cycle, specifically during late diestrus, proestrus and early estrus. During pregnancy the rates of proliferation increased from metestrous levels beginning on day three and reaching a maximum on day 4 just before implantation, followed by a decrease on days 6 and 8. There was an increase on day 12 followed by a more marked increase on day 19, the last full day of pregnancy. On the first day post partum the rate of proliferation was very low. A small increase followed during early lactation.Data on rates of vaginal epithelial proliferation were used to infer the estrogen secretion pattern during reproduction in the mouse. In addition it was concluded that progesterone augmented the proliferative response of the vaginal epithelium to estrogen, specifically promoting proliferation of nonbasal cells. Experiments using mated, castrated mice and estrogen or progesterone replacement confirmed these conclusions.Data and conclusions are discussed relative to recently reported data on ovarian plasma estrogen and progesterone content in rats during reproduction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700407
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710101
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    Proceedings of the American Association of the Anatomists, eighty-fourth meeting, Hahnemann medical college, April 19, 20, 21, 22, 1971, with the list of officers and members (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 117-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710108
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    Frog pineal photoreceptor renewal: Preliminary observations (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intracranial epiphysis of the adult frog, Rana pipiens, has been examined by electron microscopic cytochemistry and radioautography. Acid phosphatase is localized within vacuoles of macrophages free in the lumen, in subspherical vesicles of the ellipsoid portions of photoreceptive cell inner segments, and in occasional heterogeneous cytoplasmic inclusions of the supportive cells.The distribution of radioactivity in the epiphysis at intervals of 1, 3, 5, 9, 14, 25, and 60 days following injection of tritiated leucine, as determined by quantitative radioautography, is consistent with an hypothesized process of continual renewal of photoreceptive cell outer segments. The pattern of radioautographic labeling of the pineal photoreceptors, which resembles more closely that of retinal cones than rods, is correlated with previous morphologic and electrophysiological studies of these cells.The radioautographic and cytochemical data suggest that macrophages within the epiphyseal lumen are involved in phagocytosis and, ultimately, in digestion of degenerate outer segments. They may perform a function similar to that of pigment epithelial cells of the lateral eye retina.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Constitution (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710109
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710201
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    Structure of mammalian portal vein: Postnatal establishment of two mutually perpendicular medial muscle zones in the ratSupported by grant 05654 of the National Institute of Health of the United States Public Health Service. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In all mammalian species examined thus far, the media of the adult mammalian portal vein consists of two mutually perpendicular smooth muscle zones separated by a fibrous layer. The cells of the muscle zone nearest the intima are arranged circumferentially and resemble smooth muscle of other vessels; the muscle cells of the thicker, vascularized outer zone are longitudinal and contain mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicles in great abundance, suggesting relatively high metabolic activity. The adult configuration is not present at birth and only develops during the first three postnatal weeks in the rat. Partitioning of the media commences at about three days and contrasting orientation and composition of the cells of the two muscle zones is not established until seven to ten days after birth. Vasa vasorum appear in the outer muscle layer at about two weeks and nerve fibers appear even later. Post-natal establishment of a special, double layered neuromuscular structure may be related to the adaptation of the portal circulation to the effective closure of the ductus venosus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710403
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    The occurrence and location of intrinsic cardiac ganglia and nerve plexuses in the human neonate (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The principal intrinsic ganglion sites in the human infant's heart have been described. They are arranged in six main groups. While most ganglia are associated with the atria, ventricular neurons have also been identified and their significance regarding possible ventricular parasympathetic innervation is discussed. The ganglia vary considerably in size, with most of the larger ones lying on the superior aspect of the heart near the superior vena cava, the aorta and pulmonary artery. They all possess well-defined capsules. Most of the contained neurons appear to be multipolar, but pseudounipolar and occasional bipolar forms have been detected. Two plexuses exist in the parietal pericardium. Large complicated nerve endings described by previous writers have not been identified, but free endings might exist. Networks in the subepicardium, subendocardium and associated with the coronary arteries have been demonstrated and their functional significance is discussed. Nerve endings, either simple or complicated, were not seen in relation to these plexuses in this investigation.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690104
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    The epithelium of the vaginal introitus in the rat (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The epithelium in the region of the vaginal introitus in the rat (“introital epithelium”) was examined in sexually mature animals in different stages of the estrous cycle. It was found to be stratified squamous in type and invariably cornified, irrespective of the state of the vaginal epithelium above it. Thus, it failed to undergo the estrous cyclic changes seen in the rest of the vaginal epithelium. The introital epithelium extends for a distance of 1.5 to 5 mm above the vaginal orifice.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690206
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    The sarcoplasmic reticulum and development of z lines in skeletal muscle fibers of fetal and postnatal ratsThis work was aided by NIH grants 5 FO1 GM-38165-03 and 5 RO1 NS07930-02, NSF grant GB-8538 and grants from the American Heart Association and the Kentucky Heart Association. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 661-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In electron microscope examinations of leg muscles from fetal and postnatal rats the development of SR tubules precedes the development of Z lines and the formation of fibrils, thus showing that a function of SR in Z line development is possible. Early stages of fibril formation reveal very small Z lines (0.06 μ thick) which are encircled by SR tubules separated from the Z lines by a space about 100 Å wide, and this space is traversed by electron-opaque strands which appear to be connections between SR tubules and Z lines. The encircling SR tubules are observed from the beginning to the completion of Z line development. The small Z lines contain dense lines transversely oriented between thin filament tips that resemble transversely oriented dense lines found in fully developed Z lines. It is concluded that Z line enlargement involves growth in circumference of encircling SR tubules as the tubules incorporate additional layers of thin filament tips. It is suggested that the substance represented by electronopaque strands connecting SR tubules and Z lines might provide precursors for the substance represented by transversely oriented dense lines between thin filament tips.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690406
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700101
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    Microvascular organization of the adult human testis (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The microvascular architecture of the adult human testis was studied from autopsy material using microangiography. The intratesticular arterial vessels show peculiar coiling independent of the age of the subject. These arteries run in either a centripetal or a centrifugal direction and give rise to inter-tubular and peritubular capillary networks which are basically similar to those of the rodent testis. Venous drainage is directed either towards the surface of the testis or towards the rete testis. Some capillaries in the vicinity of the seminiferous tubules penetrate some of the layers of the tunica propria. The rete testis has a completely different and rather sparse microvascular architecture, and both the rete and the tunica albuginea receive blood from extratesticular sources as well as from the testis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700103
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    The ultrastructure of the keratinizing epithelia of the incisor and molar gingivae of the albino rat: Similarities and differencesPart of a study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Anatomy, Division of Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston.A preliminary account of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists (Anat. Rec. 166: 345, '70). (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural differences suggest that the keratinizing epithelium of the incisor gingiva (IG) is more rigid and durable than that of the molar gingiva (MG). The more numerous and larger collagen fibrils of the lamina propria, the more dense and homogeneous basal lamina, the more numerous anchor filaments distributed along the basal lamina and the larger and more frequently occurring hemidesmosomes along the base of basal cells all provide the IG epithelium with a firmer base and stronger attachment than the MG. The presence of many and long filaments in the IG and their aggregation into bundles inserted into the attachment plaques of desmosomes also suggest that this epithelium is tougher than the MG. This is further emphasized by the larger size of the desmosomes and their more frequent occurrence along the plasma membrane of cells of the IG. The ultrastructure of membrane-coating granules and their role in membrane modifications appear to be the same in both the IG and MG. As the irregularly shaped keratohyalin granules of the IG increase in size, the dense amorphous material spreads out over the bundles of tonofilaments. On the other hand, as the spherical keratohyalin granules of the MG grow in size, they maintain their spherical shape and do not appear to be associated with or spread out over the filaments. The flattened horny cells of the IG with smooth contours and joined together by closely spaced desmosomes appear to be more protective and less easily detached by the abrading stress of mastication than those of the MG, which are irregular in shape with convoluted cell membranes and widely spaced desmosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700102
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    Fine structural study on the origin and development of the sphincter pupillae muscle in the West Coast newt (Taricha torosa) (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 57-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin and development of the sphincter pupillae muscle was studied in Taricha torosa by electron microscopy. The larval optic cup with its inner and outer epithelial layers is completely enshrouded by a primary basal lamina. The epithelium can be divided into E and R regions, according to the types of distributed pigment granules, ellipsoidal (E) and round (R). The E region includes the outer layer except the pupillary zone; the R region the inner layer and pupillary zone. The boundary dividing these regions is distinct enough to be called the E-R boundary. Clusters of fine filaments develop in the pigment-containing R cells adjacent to the E-R boundary during metamorphosis. Such R cells subsequently increase their population to form abundle swelling into the anterior ocular chamber. This bundle formation is accompanied by acquisition of a nerve supply from the iridial stroma, and the emergence of collagen fibers as well as secondary basal (or external) laminae surrounding each cell of the bundle. The adult muscle cells retain numerous round pigment granules, desmosomes, and intermediate junction.These facts support the neuroectodermal origin of this sphincter pupillae muscle.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700105
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    Osmium-zinc iodide reactivity in human blood and bone marrow cells (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Buffy coats from blood and bone marrow were fixed in phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde, exposed to the osmium-zinc iodide (OZI) reagent for 24 hours, dehydrated and embedded in Epon 812. OZI reactivity of blood and bone marrow cells was selectively confined to the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi complex, nuclear envelope and to the mito-chondrial matrices; membranes and other organelles were non-reactive. Some variation in intensity and distribution of OZI reactivity was evident within individual cells and organelles. Continuities between the cisternae of the nuclear envelope and RER as well as between these cisternae and those of the Golgi complex were more conspicuous in OZI preparations than in specimens prepared for routine electron microscopy.The amount and distribution of the cisternal elements and mitochondria within the developing leukocytes and erythrocytes of the bone marrow were evaluated using the OZI technique. All leukocyte granules and their precursor forms fail to stain with the OZI reagent; portions of the Golgi complex most closely associated with the packaging of the cytoplasmic granules also are non-reactive following exposure to the OZI reagent. Reactivity is absent in mature erythrocytes while mitochondria and cisternal components of immature erythroid cells yield positive OZI reactions. Heat, methanol and cyanide inhibit OZI reactivity while a dimorphism of OZI staining is induced between mitochondria and cisternal components by N-ethylmaleimide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700107
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    Mineralized spherules in the cells and matrix of calcifying cartilage from developing boneThis work was supported in part by PHS grant HD 02803 from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, and by NIH general research support grant FR 5432-06. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fresh tibias and occipital bones from newborn mice and rats, as well as from 18-day-old mouse and chick embryos, were stained with 10% GBHA and 5% AgNO3 solutions to localize calcium and phosphate or carbonates in sphenules within the cytoplasm of chondrocytes and in the matrix of the calcifying cartilages. The mineralized spherules in the matrix adjacent to the hypertrophied chondrocytes were approximately 0.5 to 1 μ in diameter. This was comparable in size to the spherules found within the cytoplasm of the chondrocytes. The spherules within the core of the spicules distal to the hypertrophied chondrocytes were about 2-3 μ in diameter. The larger spherules were shown to contain an organic core which stained metachromatically with toluidine blue and was also stained with aldehyde fuchsin. The spherules were not visible after PAS reactions due to the intense staining. The labile GBHA and silver acetate positive spherules localized in the chondrocytes may be the source of the extracellular mineralized spherules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700109
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    A new technique of measuring blood vessel volume in bone applied to the mandible and humerus of the rat (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes a method developed to measure the blood volume and vascularity of bone. The technique utilized neutron-activated silicone rubber perfusion material and was applied to normal rats from 1 to 18 months of age. By this means it was determined that blood vessel volume over the 18 month growth period measured increased from 8.41 to 15.45 μliters in the mandible and from 2.71 to 4.68 μliters in the humerus. Vascularity decreased from 2.91 to 1.18 μliters per mg × 10-2 of dry mandible and from 3.30 to 0.81 μliters per mg × 10-2 of dry humerus over the same period. Changes in volume and vascularity were greatest in the early months attaining a plateau at from four to six months of age, from 6 to 18 months of age, blood vessel volume increased gradually in the mandible while remaining constant in the humerus. Vascularity in these tissues paralleled changes in vascular volume.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700203
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    The fine structure of the mouse adrenal cortex and the ultrastructural changes in the zona glomerulosa with low and high sodium diets (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 147-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the normal mouse adrenal cortex and the zona glomerulosa as stimulated by sodium restriction and repressed by high salt intake is reported. The mitochondria are zone specific, the endoplasmic reticulum tubular and the endothelium fenestrated. An intimate relationship between elements of reticulum, mitochondria and lipid droplets is seen in all animals. The rough reticulum is poorly developed in all but the glomerulosa of salt-restricted animals. The Golgi apparatus, associated vesicles and surface microvilli are relatively more developed in the inner cortical zones and in the glomerulosa cells of stimulated animals, whereas surface coated pits and vesicles do not vary. Lysosome-like granules are more prominant in the control reticularis and in the glomerulosa of animals on high salt intake.In stimulated glomerulosa cells, there is an early depletion of lipid droplets and a transient increase in rough reticulum followed by a progressive increase in smooth reticulum and Golgi apparatus. At three weeks, the lipid droplets are restored. In repressed glomerulosal cells, there is atrophy of the cytoplasmic organelles while lipid droplets are increased in number and osmiophilia. An accompanying feature is the appearance of cytoplasmic β-glycogen. These observations are discussed as to their relation to adrenocortical steroidogenesis and secretion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700204
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    A phase and electron microscopic study of vasculogenesis and erythropoiesis in the yolk sac of the mouse (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 199-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By seven days of gestation, the yolk sac of the mouse has a sheet of mesoderm adjacent to the basement membrane separating it from the endodermal epithelium. Localized proliferations of this mesoderm produces thickened cellular regions which transform into the angioblastic cords; all of these developmental cells are attached by tight junctions and desmosomes. By eight and onehalf days, lumina appear within the angioblastic cords; the peripheral cells become attenuated and form endothelial cells which will line the primitive vessels while the more central cells become the primitive erythroblasts of the blood island.The process of vasculogenesis and lumenization occurs between eight and onehalf and nine days of gestation and has been correlated with the reduction of cellular junctions between angioblasts and fixed primitive erythroblasts, a loss of the visceral basement membrane and the formation of wide intercellular channels between endodermal epithelial cells. The primitive erythroblasts comprising the blood islands have abundant polysomes, sparse rough endoplasmic reticulum and possess coated vesicles and ferritin aggregates in their cytoplasm and coated invaginations of their plasma membrane. By nine days of gestation, the primitive erythroblasts lose their attachments and become free in the vitelline vessels. Mitochondria of the primitive and free erythroblasts are slightly enlarged and have lighter matrices than angioblasts and mesodermal cells. By 10 to 11 days of gestation, as differentiation proceeds, coated vesicles and invaginations become more numerous and the developing erythroblasts gradually decrease in both cell and nuclear size. Concomitant with these changes is the decrease in the number and size of the mitochondria, a decrease in polysomal numbers and an increase in hemoglobin and cytoplasmic density.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700206
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    A comparative study of sebaceous gland ultrastructure in subhuman primates.Publication 491 from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, supported in part by grant FR 00163 of the National Institutes of Health and by funds from grant AM 08445. III. Macaques: Ultrastructure of sebaceous glands during fetal development of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sebaceous glands from fetal rhesus monkeys have been studied from the onset of their differentiation to complete maturation. Sebaceous differentiation in fetuses closely parallels that in adults with the exception that agranular endoplasmic reticulum is virtually absent from differentiating cells during early ontogeny, whereas it is abundant in their counterparts in adult animals. As the adult pattern of sebaceous differentiation becomes established, the amount of agranular endoplasmic reticulum increases in these cells. Golgi zones are prominent in differentiating cells during early ontogenetic development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700309
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    Fine structure of the Leydig cell during postnatal differentiation of the mouse testisThis work was introduced at the IX Meeting of the Asociacón Latinoamericana de Ciencias Fisiologicas, held at Belo Horizonte (Brasil), July, 1969.This work was supported by grant M 63-121 from the Population Council U.S.A. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 343-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is possible to divide the ultrastructural events which take place in the mouse Leydig cell during postnatal differentiation into two periods. The first period includes the changes taking place during the first three weeks after birth, whereas the second period comprises the events occurring from the fourth week on. During the first period the cytoplasm contains a poorly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. After the tenth day a slight increase in the number of vesicles and tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is observed. Clusters of glycogen particles (beta type) and lipid droplets are very numerous in this period.At the beginning of the second period the smooth endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophies considerably occupying a large area of the cytoplasm. This period is also characterized by the appearance of double-walled tubules, of numerous interdigitations between neighboring Leydig cells and primary lysosomes in close relation to lipid droplets. A marked decrease in the number of glycogen particles and lipid droplets are also found. In the adult mouse (after day 50) numerous cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are concentrically arranged (whorls).The formation of new membranes in the Leydig cell undergoing differentiation and the control of such differentiation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700310
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    The development of the periodontium. A transplantation and autoradiographic study (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 365-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: First molar tooth germs were dissected from one-day-old mice; placed for one hour in McCoy's medium containing 10 μc tritiated thymidine and transplanted subcutaneously into young adult animals of the same strain. Seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after implantation the host animals were sacrificed and the transplants harvested. The transplants were then serially sectioned and autoradiographs prepared. Control sections were prepared of first molar tooth germs in situ, after dissection from the jaws and after labelling with tritiated thymidine. Forty-nine of the 115 transplanted tooth germs continued development with the formation of enamel, dentine, cement, periodontal ligament and bone. In some instances the transplanted tooth germs “erupted” through the skin with the establishment of an epithelial attachment. Examination of control sections showed that the transplants consisted of dental organ, dental papilla and a layer of ectomesenchymal cells continuous with the dental papilla and investing the dental organ. Examination of autoradiographs of the transplants showed labelling of cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, thereby establishing their origin from the ectomesenchymal cells investing the tooth germ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700312
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  • 79
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    Transport and barrier function in the chorioallantoic placenta of the bat, Myotis lucifugusThis study was supported in part by grants 5 R01 HD-02613 from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (A.C.E.) and GB-6435 from the National Science Foundation (W.A.W.). (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 381-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chorioallantoic placenta of the bat (Myotis lucifugus) is hemodichorial and has an ectoplasmic layer and an intrasyncytial lamina interposed between the maternal blood space and the underlying endoplasmic portion of the syncytial trophoblast. The barrier and/or transport function of the trophoblast of this species was investigated. When Thorotrast was injected into the maternal vascular system, only small amounts appeared in the trophoblast, and it could not be demonstrated deep to the syncytial trophoblast.Injected peroxidase and ferritin were both rapidly taken up by the trophoblast, these tracers being found in coated vesicles and tubules, in multivesicular bodies, and in dense bodies. Peroxidase was transported across the trophoblast and could be found in macrophages in the fetal connective tissue and in vesicles in the fetal endothelium. Since ferritin is present in the cytotrophoblast, macrophages and fetal endothelium in uninjected as well as injected animals, the exogenous material could not be followed beyond the syncytium. In addition to demonstrating the cytological pathway by which absorbed proteins cross the trophoblast of the chorioallantoic placenta of the bat, the results of this study suggest that the labyrinth in this species should be considered a possible route for passage of endogenous proteins to the fetus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700402
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  • 80
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    Fine structure of the interstitial cells of leydig in the squirrel monkey during seasonal regressionSupported in part by USPHS grant GM 01451. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 115-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the interstitial cells of Leydig has been examined in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, during the non breeding portion of the year when the testes are essentially azoospermic. Interstitial cells are present in abundance as a layer, several cells thick, on the inner aspect of the tunica albuginea. Cytologically, the cells possess the characteristics usually associated with cells which synthesize and secrete steroid hormones: an abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum in the form of anastomotic tubules; mitochon-chondria with both lamellar and tubular cristae; only a few strands of granular endoplasmic reticulum; a Golgi apparatus and associated vesicles, some of which are of the coated variety; a varying population of lipid droplets and dense bodies. Some of the dense bodies appeared to be lipofuscin pigment. A previously undescribed inclusion was frequently encountered which consisted of arrays of a honeycomb like structure. Most frequently these structures were present near the cell periphery or in blunt protrusions of the cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690111
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  • 81
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    The fine structure of the neck of mammalian spermatozoaThis study was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. research grant HD-03341, by U.S.P.H.S. research contract 69-2220 and by a Ford Foundation Training Program in Reproductive Biology. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 155-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study of the fine structural organization of the various components of the neck of mature spermatozoa of rabbit, monkey and man has demonstrated that the striated columns of the connecting piece implant on the proximal centriole, that the distal centriole does not disappear but persists albeit in a modified form and that the central tubules of the axoneme of the flagellum terminate at the lower vault of the proximal centriole. Of the two centrioles, the most plausible candidate for the role of basal body of the flagellum and center of the sperm motility appears to be the proximal centriole. This hypothesis is supported directly by the apparent continuity of this centriole with all the contractile elements of the flagellum, and indirectly by the consideration that the distal centriole cannot be a basal body in that its lumen is traversed throughout by a central pair of tubules. The orientation of the proximal centriole at an angle to the flagellum, a unique situation since basal bodies are normally oriented on the same axes of cilia and flagella, has been tentatively accounted for by the particular type of motility of the spermatozoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690203
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  • 82
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    Extracellular lining of bronchioles after perfusion-fixation of rat lungs for electron microscopyThis work was supported by grant 3.5.68 from the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat lungs were fixed by perfusion of fixatives through pulmonary vessels which resulted in good fixation of bronchioles. This technique allows the preservation of a hitherto not described extracellular lining of the bronchiolar surface, which by conventional fixation (immersion or instillation of the fixatives into the airways) is washed out. The cilia appear to be embedded in an extra-cellular, amorphous material. This material is often lined at its surface by a strongly osmiophilic layer. Tubular myelin figures can also be identified. Comparison with recent physiological and biochemical work, which establishes the presence of surface-active material in the airways, strengthens the conclusion that this layer is related to bronchiolar “surfactant” fixed in situ. A mixed origin of this material from the Clara cells and from the alveolar surface lining layer is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690205
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  • 83
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    Eighty-fourth annual session. He Hahnemann Medical College, Philiadelphia, April 19, 20, 21, 22, 1971. Officers, abstracts, demonstrations (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 259-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690210
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  • 84
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    Direct contribution of the cytotrophoblast to the syncytiotrophoblast in the diffuse labyrinthine endotheliochorial placenta of the batThis investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Child Health and Human Development grant 03391-02. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the molossid bat, Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala, there is a prominent diffuse endotheliodichorial placenta over the parietal area of the uterus prior to mid-gestation. During the neural groove stage the syncytium rapidly increases in quantity, and cells from the cytotrophoblast have been observed being contributed to the syncytium. The transitional cells become swollen and the plasma membranes between the syncytium and the transitional cell fuse, become porous, and rupture. The contents of the transitional cell then “flow” into the syncytial area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690208
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    Glycogen content of rabbit tubular genitalia from mating through implantationThis research was supported by U.S.P.H.S. research grant HD-03039. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Groups of five rabbits were killed at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 24, 48, 98, 168 and 240 hours after mating. The glycogen content of the lower half of the Fallopian tube was greater than in the upper half at each interval. Uterine and Fallopian tube levels of glycogen decreased during the interval from mating to ovulation. Both cervical and vaginal glycogen declined significantly within 24 hours after mating. Decidual uterine areas contained 1.5 and 5.0 times more glycogen on days 7 and 10, respectively, than interdecidual areas. Castrate rabbit Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and vagina responded with glycogen synthesis to estradiol, but not to progesterone administration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690209
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  • 86
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    The dog pancreatic X cell: A light and electron microscopic studySupported in part by NIH grant A 2203. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 487-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A light and electron microscopic study was conducted on the X cell of the normal dog pancreas. These cells were identified by their acidophilic cytoplasmic granules which do not stain with iron or phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and also show a distinctive multilobate nucleus. They were found to be neither argyrophilic nor argentaffinic. Ultrastructurally, when fixed in osmium alone, the X cell cytoplasm contained numerous rounded, smooth membrane bound secretory granules with content of low electron density. However, after double fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium the granules appeared irregularly round, ovoid or kidney shaped with content which may vary from electron lucent to homogeneously electron dense with gradations between. The functional significance of the X cell is unknown. However, its structure showed it to be a distinct, active secretory element, independent of other pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690302
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  • 87
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    Cytoarchitecture of rat liver during compensatory growthThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant 5-T01-CA-05007-10 and by American Cancer Society Institutional grant IN-45H. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 509-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possibility of the formation of new lobules in rat liver during the course of compensatory growth has been investigated. Two methods inducing regeneration were used: the method of subtotal hepatectomy and the method of porcelain bead implantation. Observations were made at 28, 42, 56, 68, 84 and 112 days after subtotal hepatectomy, and at 28 and 42 days after implantation of the bead.The results obtained from subtotal hepatectomy were expressed as the lobular radius (or portal-central vein distance) measured in micra. The values were 404 μ at the twenty-eighth day after hepatectomy and 324 μ at the one-hundred-twelfth day. The results obtained from bead implantation were 352 μ at the twenty-eighth day after implantation and 305 μ at the forty-second day.It is concluded that regenerating rat liver undergoes structural changes involving new lobule formation between the fifty-sixth and the one-hundred-twelfth day after subtotal hepatectomy, and sometime after the fourth week after bead implantation. The difference in times after which structural changes occur is explained by the difference in intensity of stimulus in the two methods.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690304
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  • 88
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    An electromyographic study of the mylohyoid muscleSupported in part by the Medical Research Foundation of Texas and by USPHS grant DE-0-224 from the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institutes of Health. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 651-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electromyographic investigation of the mylohyoid muscle was undertaken to determine its activity relative to isolated movements of the tongue and mandible and during various functions involving multiple parts of the oral apparatus. Data was obtained from 20 subjects. Using bipolar fine-wire electrodes, the anterior fibers were found to be more active than the posterolateral fibers in a majority of activities performed. Tongue movements produced slightly more activity in the postero-lateral fibers; the anterior fibers were more active during mandible movements. During mastication, deglutition, sucking and blowing, both the anterior and postero-lateral fibers were markedly active.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690405
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  • 89
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    The intermediate root of the trigeminal nerve in the dog (Canis familiaris) (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 169 (1971), S. 697-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intermediate root of the trigeminal nerve in the dog has been investigated both macroscopically and microscopically. Sixty-two trigeminal complexes (trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal roots and the portion of the pons to which the roots were attached) in the dog were dissected out and removed. Each of the complexes was fixed in 10% formalin, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were cut serially at 10 μ. Every other slide was either stained with Luxol Fast Blue or impregnated with Bodian's silver method. In all cases, between the motor and sensory roots an intermediate root composed of one distinct rootlet was identified. Most frequently the intermediate root was attached to the pons from 0.5 to 3.0 mm lateral to the motor root and rostral to the sensory root from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. From its pontine attachment the intermediate root extended anteromedially for a distance of from 2.0 to 5.0 mm before it became incorporated in the lateral aspect of the free motor root. Closer to the trigeminal ganglion the motor root and the intermediate root fused with the expanding sensory root. The fibers in the intermediate root ranged from 1.5 to 7.5 μ in diameter with the majority of fibers (60 to 70%) having a diameter of from 4.0 to 6.0 μ. Approximately 10% of the fibers were unmyelinated. The total number of fibers in the intermediate root varied from 170 to 416 with an average of 266 fibers. The morphological data obtained in an experimental animal such as presented in this paper may provide a basis for future experimental work on the clarification of the functional role of the trigeminal intermediate root.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091690408
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  • 90
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    The uptake of tritiated thymidine by the dorsal epidermis of the fetal and newborn ratThis investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. grant DE 01925-07. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dorsal epidermis of fetal and newborn rats was examined to determine the difference in ability of the basal cells to bind tritiated thymidine during different stages of epidermal morphogenesis. Five rats were examined for each time period from the eleventh day of gestation to the fifth day after birth. The number of labeled cells in 5000 basal cells was counted and expressed as a percentage. The labeling index is ∼ 10% from the eleventh to the fifteenth fetal day. It increases to ∼ 30% by the eighteenth day, decreases to ∼ 10% from the twenty-first day until the first postpartum day and drops to 5% or less from the second to fifth day. These changes in labeling index are accompanied by and apparently correlated with the normal differentiation of rat epidermis. The growth of the epidermis is continuous during the course of the study. Keratohyalin granules begin to form on the eighteenth day and by the twentieth day the first cornified cells appear. The s. corneum becomes progressively thicker each day thereafter. The s. Malpighii, on the other hand, decreases somewhat in thickness after birth. The labeling index curve represents a relationship between basal cell activity and control or influencing mechanisms inherent in the maturational system of skin. The increase and decrease are not related to growth alone, but appear to be related to differentiation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700207
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    A study of some histochemical and phagocytic reactions of the reticuloendothelial system of the rabbit spleenSupported by grant 5TI-GM-1014, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Questions concerning the nature of the intermediary vascular pattern make up a considerable portion of the literature concerning splenic morphology. Evidence indicates there is a special association between the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and the intermediary capillary terminations. This study was undertaken to characterize the distribution of the RES in the rabbit spleen and to correlate this with the vascular pattern described by Snook ('58). Like cells of the RES throughout the animal body, splenic RE cells can be demonstrated by several histochemical and functional methods. They are metalophilic (argyrophilic), possess several hydrolytic enzymes, and phagocytose injected particulate matter. Cells demonstrated by these methods are found in the marginal zone, and in the lumen of the red pulp sinuses but most are localized in the red pulp cords. This distribution corresponds closely to the termination of arterial capillaries in the marginal zone and pulp cords in the rabbit spleen and supports the general hypothesis that there is a unique and intimate relationship between the vascular system and the RES at these points.The sinus lining cells react characteristically to the techniques employed. They are sporadically metalophilic, strongly positive for nonspecific esterase (endoplasmic reticulum), negative for acid phosphatase (lysosomal), and occasionally contain small particles of injected matter. They probably represent a functionally distinct cell population.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700209
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  • 92
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    Ultrastructural studies of the effects of reserpine on mouse abdominal sympathetic paragangliaThis research supported by USPHS grants HE 12751, NS 05665 and 00690. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Male and female A/Jax mice 10-18 days of age were given one, two, or three daily subcutaneous injections of Serpasil (Reserpine USP; 2.5 mg/kg) and sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection. Abdominal extra-adrenal tissue was processed for electron microscopy to determine the effects of this catecholamine depleting drug on the dense cored cytoplasmic granules of the parenchymal chief cells.Electron microscopic investigations of sympathetic paraganglia from treated animals revealed a marked decrease in granule opacity as compared to that seen in cells from control animals. The cells with granules reduced in opacity following reserpine treatment could be consistently distinguished from those of non-treated animals which led us to assume that the drug depleted the amine content from its storage site in the granule without completely destroying the granule structure. These results further substantiate our earlier speculations that the granules in abdominal paraganglion chief cells of the mouse contain catecholamines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700303
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    The relationship between the pubo-urethral ligaments and the urogenital diaphragm in the human female (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 281-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The connective tissue supports of the human female urethra have been investigated in 14 cadavers and 20 fetuses. In all cases the urethra was found to be suspended from the pubic bone by bilaterally symmetrical anterior, posterior and intermediate pubo-urethral ligaments. The anterior and posterior ligaments were formed by reflections of the inferior and superior fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm. The intermediate ligament represented a fusion of these fascial layers and no transverse perineal ligament was found.It is suggested that the term pubovesical ligament is a misnomer since this band of connective tissue passes from the pubic bone to the urethra and not to the bladder. It is thus analogous to the puboprostatic ligament of the male. An anatomical defect in the pubo-urethral ligaments might be a contributing factor to urinary stress incontinence in the female.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700304
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    Quantitative studies of the greater petrosal nerve of the mouse with the electron microscope (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Quantitative counts of the greater petrosal nerve fibers of the mouse with the electron microscope have shown that, on an average, 70.8% and 28.7% of the total nerve fibers (1,111) were unmyelinated and myelinated fibers respectively. Unexpected high incidence of unmyelinated fibers in the greater petrosal nerve may indicate that it contains a fair amount of sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers. The unmyelinated fibers in the nerve may well represent parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700306
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  • 95
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    Arterial supply of the cervical spinal cord (with special reference to the radicular arteries) (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 311-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Arterial supply of the cervical spinal cord has been discussed with special reference to the radicular arteries. Thirty-one human spinal cords have been studied with postmortem positive pressure injection techniques using coloured, and radio-opaque media. Observations concluded that radicular arteries were main sources of supply to spinal cord except at the highest segments (C1C2C3), where intracranial vertebral branches contribute. Average number of significant radicular arteries is two or three, in two-thirds of the specimens only one was present. These feeding radicular arteries usually enter into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina accompanying C4C5C6 nerve roots to join the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. Anterior, and posterior spinal arteries are probably of segmental origin, and there is only a sparse anastomosis between them. The common radicular artery divides into an anterior, and a posterior branch of which one predominates in size. Cervical radicular arteries may originate from subclavian branches other than vertebral, of these ascending cervical branch of thyrocervical trunk is most important. A terminal zone probably exists at highest thoracic segments where craniocervical, and thoracic radicular flows meet. The filling of the anterior spinal trunk in the cervical region depends on the availability of at least one major anterior radicular artery. Interruption of radicular supply may be precipitated by trauma, spondylosis and other lesions resulting into ischaemia, and myelopathy; the risk is greater if there is only one radicular artery which is involved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700308
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    The structure of Tomes' granular layer in dog premolar teethSupported by USPHS grant DE-2670. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microradiographic, polarized light, phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopic aspects of Tomes' granular layer were studied in undemineralized and demineralized premolar teeth from four dogs. The microradiographic studies show Tomes' layer to consist of a narrow zone of hypomineralized-hyperorganic dentinal matrix subjacent to the cementum. The zone appears as a series of focal points in cross sections or as an interrupted line in apico-coronal cuts through the tooth. Polarized light and phase-contrast microscopy demonstrate a morphological pattern similar to that of the microradiographs. Scanning electron microscopy suggests one component of Tomes' layer to be fibrillar. Tomes' granular layer of dog teeth may be important in protecting the tooth from sudden insults or large occlusal forces transferred to dentine via the periodontal ligament.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700311
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  • 97
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700401
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  • 98
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    Intertubular circulation in the opisthonephric kidneys of adult and larval sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The opisthonephric kidneys of both larval and adult Petromyzon marinus lack a renal portal system. The tubules are supplied with arterial blood from the glomus through a system of efferent arterioles, capillaries, and sinusoids with the latter draining into the venous system. The adult kidney possesses a more complex and larger system of sinusoids than ammocoetes and these sinusoids reach the venous system through large subcapsular sinuses. Paralleling of tubules with sinusoids and arterioles in the ventral portion of the adult kidney resembles the association of the vasa recta with the tubules of the renal medulla in the mammalian kidney. This may suggest a mechanism important to tubular transport in adult lampreys. The intertubular tissue of ammocoetes is infiltrated with haemopoietic tissue while large numbers of phagocytes within the adult sinusoids may be involved in the destruction of blood cells.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700403
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  • 99
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    Hair loss and cyst formation in hairless and rhino mutant miceThis investigation was supported in part by grants ES-269 and CA-11536 from the United States Public Health Service and grant GB-6820 from the National Science Foundation. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 485-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Structural abnormalities begin in the integument of hairless (hrhr), hairless-rhino (hrhrrh), and rhino (hrrhhrrh) male and female mutant mice prior to the end of the first hair growth cycle. The pilary canals begin to widen and accumulate keratin and sebaceous material. During the first catagen phase the lower internal root sheath coalesces around the terminal part of the hair shaft and abnormal club hairs form. The lower part of the external root sheath fails to follow the ascending club hair and becomes stranded in the dermis. The abnormal club hairs move above their normal anchoring position and fall out of the follicle at the end of the first growth cycle. The formation of abnormal club hairs and the loss of hair probably are related to the mispositioning of the internal root sheath. Subsequent to the loss of hair there are changes in the sebaceous glands and adipose tissue, disorganization of the peripheral neurovascular system, and the formation of cysts that are associated with either the pilary canals or with epithelial units of disorganized hair follicles stranded in the dermis. Cysts arise from proliferation of epithelial tissue; sebaceous cells are not necessary for cyst formation.Comparisons among similar and dissimilar anomalies indicate that the degree of gene action on the integument is in the following order of increased severity: hrhr, hrhrrh, and hrrhhrrh.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700409
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  • 100
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    An electron microscopic study of mouse eggs matured in vivo and in vitro (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 21-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mouse oocytes obtained at various times after administration of HCG or after culture were studied with the electron microscope. Gradual changes were observed in the perivitelline space, plasma membrane and cortical cytoplasm. Disappearance of the regular microvilli, the formation of lamellae-like processes and vesicular bodies were observed. A progressive increase in the number of cortical granules and multivesicular complexes was observed simultaneously with the disappearance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In general, eggs which were matured either in vivo or in vitro showed similar patterns of morphological differentiation. Degenerative changes were seen in most eggs cultured for 17 hours, but not for nine hours or less. In aged tubal eggs recovered at 26 and 36 hours after injection of HCG, the number of cortical granules was decreased relative to previous stages and their extrusion from the egg was apparent. The fertilizability of the eggs matured in vitro and the role of the cortical granules are discussed in terms of the reaction of the zona pellucida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710103
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