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  • 1970-1974  (146)
  • 1971  (146)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (84)
  • Engineering General  (62)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mechanistic study of oxygen transfer in aqueous systems (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 271-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen transfer coefficients were evaluated for a 14-liter stirred tank fermentor equipped with an oxygen probe, employing elemental copper adsorbed on a weakly basic anion-exchange resin as a solid phase oxygen acceptor. The use of a solid phase oxygen acceptor allowed evaluation of mass transfer resistances associated with the solid phase, and the effect of an oxygen adsorbing solid phase on the overall oxygen transport system, portions of the oxygen transfer process that are neglected by the conventional sulfite oxidation method commonly employed. It was concluded from the data obtained that a transport pathway involving transfer of oxygen to particles present near the air-water interface was a significant oxygen transport pathway for the system studied. Oxygen probe measurements performed on the bulk liquid did not recognize this pathway, suggesting that data taken on biological systems by use of techniques involving oxygen concentration measurements in the bulk liquid may not give the true oxygen absorbing capacity of a system.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrafiltration-reactor system using a soluble immobilized enzyme (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemostat study of ethanol inhibition (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 293-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mode of ethanol action on both the steady-state and the dynamic properties of K. aerogenes was investigated using a nitrogen-limited chemostat. Reduction in the maximum growth rate (μm) suggests that noncompetitive enzyme inhibition could occur, but Lineweaver-Burk analysis showed the inhibition to be more complex. A consistent mechanism of inhibition was established for 0-3% v/v ethanol. Warburg manometric experiments indicated that inhibition occurred in pathways located in the intact cell wall. Frequency response analysis, using sinusoidal variations in the dilution rate showed that ethanol increased the time constant of the metabolic parameter, QAC. The system was stable in the presence of ethanol and showed no evidence of oscillations following a disturbance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous conversion of starch to glucose with immobilized glucoamylasePresented at the Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Ill., September 13-18, 1970. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Partially purified glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112 was immobilized on diethylaminoethyl cellulose in the presence of low ionic-strength acetate buffers at pH 4.2. The active enzyme-cellulose complex was used to convert starch substrates continuously to glucose in stirred reactors. Substrate concentrations as high as 30% could be quantitatively converted to glucose at a rate of more than 25 mg/min/liter at 55°C for periods of 3 to 4 weeks in a 4-liter reactor. Shutdowns were due to mechanical problems and not to loss of enzymes, which could be recovered with no appreciable loss of specific activity. Transfer products, such as isomaltose and panose, were present in immobilized enzyme-produced syrups but to no greater degree than in soluble glucoamylase digests of starch.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130301
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sludge flocs on the aeration performance of suction-impellers (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The authors have investigated a special aspect of the transfer of oxygen: the aeration performance of small-scale suction-impellers in a suspension of activated sludge floes and a performance comparison with clear water. The principle of the impellers is, that in order to disperse air bubbles into the aforementioned liquids, all that we need do is a simple stirring. Due to the impellers the authors could not show a reduction of the oxygen transfer coefficient in the presence of sludge flocs. Former comparative studies of oxygen transfer, using a fixed orifice, did show a reduction in the presence of sludge flocs. Therefore, it seems probable that the effect of activated sludge flocs on the transfer coefficient is linked with the manner in which air is dispersed, i.e., depends on whether an orifice is fixed or moved. The experimental results allow presumption that by developing a high intensity of shear near the location where air bubbles are produced, we are able to minimize the effect of sludge flocs on the process of bubble formation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of culture mass in a chemostat (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 335-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130215
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved medium for saprophytic production of ergot alkaloids by Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were undertaken on the production of ergot alkaloids in saprophytic culture employing two strains of C. purpurea. In an attempt to improve the yield of the alkaloids and to develop a cheaper medium, the commonly used carbohydrate source, mannitol, was replaced with different types of starches and starchy materials as these are comparatively much cheaper than mannitol. Results indicated that, in stationary cultures, certain starches enhanced the yield greatly, while in shaker cultures starches could replace mannitol for equivalent yields.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of immobilized amyloglucosidase in a packed bed reactor and a continuous feed stirred tank reactor (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The catalytic activity of amyloglucosidase covalently attached to DEAE-cellulose was studied in a packed bed reactor and a continuous feed stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the reaction maltose → glucose. At low flow rates mass-transfer limitations in the bed reactor lead to lower conversions for this reactor compared to the CSTR. Simple theoretical expressions for these reactors were compared with the experimental results. There are significant differences between the kinetic parameters and pH profile of the immobilized and free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme also showed greater stability at 50°C than did free amyloglucosidase. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate was the same for immobilized and free enzyme.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130302
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A generalization of kinetic data on sulphite oxidation systems (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 353-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic data of the reaction between sulphite ions and dissolved oxygen depend on the purity of sulphite used. Thus it is adequate to determine them for each batch and concentration of sulphite used. Besides the dependence of reaction rate constants on catalyst concentration, it is usually also required to know their dependence on pH and on temperature. Both quantities can change to a great extent especially in absorption apparatus in which high sulphite conversion occurs. They profoundly influence the value of the reaction rate constant. To get a complete picture of the influence of these three quantities without repeating extensive kinetic measurements for every kind and concentration of sulphite used, a method for obtaining information on the influence of all three quoted quantities in the range of values of interest for application is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130303
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogenesis of the L-N, β-dimethylleucine residue of etamycinPresented before the Division of Microbiol Chemistry and Technology, A.S.C., Chicago Ill., September 1970. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Radioactive labeling experiments have shown that radioactivity from L-leucine-U-14C is incorporated into the L-N, β-dimethylleucine residue of the antibiotic etamycin, and that the N-methyl and β-methyl groups of this latter amino acid appear to be derived from L-methionine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130304
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xanthan biopolymer production at increase concentration by pH controlPresented at the 158th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, New York, N.Y., September 7-12, 1969. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Efficient production of xanthan gum by fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 can be accomplished at concentrations of xanthan in the fermented broth 〉 3%. This level of more than twice that previously attained by us results from continuously controlling the fermentation pH with alkali. Only a slight decrease in fermentation rate and yield occurs. When ammonia is used for pH control, cell production more than doubles and fermentation time is shortened. However, xanthan yield is decreased by the diversion of additional sugar to growth.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130305
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of a NAD(H)-polymer matrix showing coenzymic function of the bound pyridine nucleotide (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To a Sepharose gel the pyridine nucleotide NAD(H) has been bound using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. In order to improve the steric availability of the nucleotide for added soluble enzymes such as dehydrogenases, a spacer molecule, ε-amino caproic acid, was inserted between the carbohydrate matrix and the nucleotide. The obtained preparation contained 56 μmoles NAD+/g dry polymer. The obtained matrix-bound NAD(H) was accepted as coenzyme by added lactate dehydrogenase. These preparations were still active after storage for several weeks at 4° C and could be used repeatedly without loss of activity. This represents the first necessary step taken in the preparation of compact closed systems consisting of “enzyme-coenzyme-coenzyme-regenerating enzyme” bound to individual polymer beads; such systems eliminate the need for continuous coenzyme addition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130306
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of shear on the death of two strains of mammalian tissue cellsThe paper was presented at the 160th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 409-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study reports some findings on the death of mammalian cells occurring from fluid dynamic effects when they are pumped through capillaries. The cell strains used were human HeLa S3 and mouse L929, grown in monolayer culture. Cells were harvested and suspensions were pumped through various lengths and diameters of stainless steel capillary tubing. Viability of the cells was assayed by the dye exclusion test. Cell deaths occurred and could be correlated with either average wall shear or power dissipation within the capillary tube. L929 cells were found to be more sensitive than HeLa S3 cells at all shear rates tested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130308
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and biological aspects of a new family of phosphorus-containing antibioticsThis paper was presented as part of the Symposium on New pathways and Structures, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, 160th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 1970. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The chemical, physical, and biological properties of a group of phosphorus-containing antibiotics are reviewed. Included in this family of antibiotics are the following compounds or mixtures of compounds: diumycin, macarbomycin, moenomycin, prasinomycin, 803GRP, 11,837RP, and 19,402RP. Among the aspects discussed are: antimicrobial activity in vitro, long duration of activity, toxicity, use in animal nutrition, cross resistance, mode of action, chemical and physical properties, and degradation studies.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130307
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen transfer and scale-up in lysine production by Ustilago maydis mutant (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 419-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxygen transfer coefficient estimated by both sulfite and dynamic methods and some of the rheological properties of fermentation broths derived from the batch cultivation of a mutant of U. maydis in a sugar cane juice substrate, are used in a scaling-up procedure on the basis of the power consumption per volume unit concept. The fluid was of the Binham plastic type; the Np-NRE correlations showed that the modified Reynolds numbers of the flat-blade turbine impellers were low, near to or in the laminar region; the Na-Pg/P relations were established and then used in the calculation regardless of the geometrical dissimilarities of the vessels. A change of scale from 5 to 50 liters was calculated and operated keeping the power per volume value constant. Reproduction of lysine yields, 2.5-3.2 g/liter, was repeatedly reached in 8 successive runs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130309
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiphase catalysis. II. Hollow fiber catalysts (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 431-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theory of diffusion control within hollow fiber catalysts is derived for three different types of coordinate geometries: Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical. Effectiveness factors are calculated and formulas for reactant conversion in both a fixed-bed and a contimunuous-feed stirred-tank reactor are derived. The apparent Michaelis constant, Km′, is a measure of the amount of diffusion control within the catalysts. When Km′ is equal to Km, the true Michaelis constant, there is no diffusion control. In all other cases Km′ is greater than Km. Hollow fibers are attractive alternatives to spherical microcapsules for the encapsulation of enzymes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130310
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Loading velocity” in aerobic biological waste treatment systems (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130311
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some difficulties in fitting dynamic models to experimental transient data in continuous culture (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 451-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130312
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130401
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of gas chromatography to monitor sugars and sugar alcohols in microbial media (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130313
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparatus for continuous, large-volume suspended cell cultivation (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 457-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 30-liter apparatus for growing cells continuously is described. Samples are taken automatically, thus obviating one of the main causes of contamination. In order to eliminate the continuous introduction of a gas stream, the pH was kept constant by means of the injection of NH4OH or NaOH. Under these circumstances, and by means of the two methods of agitation described - rotary and “by Vibromixer” - a quantity of cells of approximately 4 × 1010 is harvested every 48 to 72 hr.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130402
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH on the growth cycle of HeLa cells in batch suspension culture without oxygen control (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 471-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: HeLa cells have been cultured at different controlled pH levels in batch suspension culture with open gas phase. Continuous monitoring of the dissolved oxygen tension throughout the culture cycle reveals a characteristic pattern of variation which correlates with various aspects of growth and carbohydrate metabolism. The effect of pH, size, and physiological state of the inoculum on this pattern have been determined, and the results are discussed in terms of a theoretical respiratory rate equation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130403
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady-state stability of substrate inhibited enzyme catalysis in open reaction systems (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 493-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Substrate inhibited enzyme reactions occurring in systems open to mass transfer may display multiple steady-state behavior. For a simple one-substrate case it is shown theoretically that the unstable steady-state region always lies within the conversion range of 50-100%. A criterion for the stability of a steady-state point is given. Numerical solutions of the appropriate transient equation show how the system approaches stable steady state in instances where there are three possible steady-state points. The consequences of the existence of an unstable region on the systems response to changes in its parameters is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130404
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential 11α-hydroxylation and 1-dehydrogenation of 16α-hydroxycortexolone (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 503-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-step microbial transformation of 16α-hydroxycortexolone to its 1-dehydro-11α-hydroxy derivative, without isolating an intermediate, was achieved with an overall yield of 72% of product at a steroid substrate concentration of 3 mg/ml. The process included formation of the cycloborate complex of the substrate, hydroxylation of the borate complex with a suspension of Aspergillus ochraceus mycelium in phosphate buffer, and dehydrogenation of the 11α-hydroxylated intermediate with acetone-dried Arthrobacter simplex cells. The desired product was then obtained by breaking the resultant borate complex through acidification.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130405
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mineral nutrients and organic substances on the development of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of inorganic nutrients on iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied using a concentration of 2.0 g Fe2+/liter. Besides ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus, the essential nutrients were sulphate and magnesium, with the lowest unlimiting concentration being 2.0 g SO2-4/liter and 2.0 mg Mg2+/liter for a suspension of about 108 cells/ml. Omitting nitrate, calcium, potassium, and chloride had no influence on the iron oxidation. Nitrate and chloride were inhibitory in high concentrations although the bacteria were able to adapt to their presence. Several organic compounds tested in 0.5% (w/v) concentrations inhibited iron oxidation. Complete inhibition up to 14 days was caused by fructose, lactose, meat extract, yeast, extract, peptone, and tryptone. T. ferrooxidans-strains were able to adapt to the presence of organic material even though they were not necessarily able to use the organic compounds for energy. Some general conclusions are made concerning the role of nutrients in leaching processes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Release of enzymes from bakers' yeast by disruption in an industrial homogenizer (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 549-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rates of release of 7 enzymes from bakers' yeast have been measured. The disruption process did not cause loss of activity of these enzymes. The various operating pressures, temperatures, and initial yeast concentrations used did not affect the rates of enzyme release relative to protein release. The release of acid phosphatase and invertase was faster than the overall protein release. Alcohol, glucose-6-phosphate, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases were released slightly faster or at the same rate as the overall protein and alkaline phosphatase and fumarase were released more slowly. These observations correlate well with the reported locations of these enzymes in the yeast cell.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130408
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  • 28
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    Influence of surface active agents on oxygen absorption to the free interface in a stirred fermentor (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 529-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid phase coefficients were measured for the absorption of oxygen from air to the free interface in stirred vessels. Coefficients for absorption into soft water were independent of the instantaneous dissolved oxygen concentration. Coefficients for absorption into soft water containing a surface active agent were strongly dependent on the instantaneous dissolved oxygen level. The degree of nonlinearity of the coefficients was a function of the rate of agitation of the liquid. The coefficients were independent of the amount of surface active agent added above a very low level. Absorption coefficients for bubble aeration in the same vessels were independent of dissolved oxygen concentration even when the surface active agent was present.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Spectrophotometric methods for monitoring the microbial transformation of steroids. II. Absorbance ratio spectrophotometric determination of per cent conversion of 9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone to 9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyprednisolone (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process method has been developed for estimating rapidly the conversion of 9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone to 9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyprednisolone in fermentation broths. This allows frequent analyses of samples during the fermentation cycle. The absorbance ratio determination of conversion of the steroids is based on the measurement of the absorbance of aqueous steroid borate complexes at 241.5 mμ and 271 mμ.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130409
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  • 30
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    Calculation of the oxygen required for cell production (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 581-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130411
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  • 31
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    Simulation of oxygen transfer in microbial slimes (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 569-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model based on diffusion mechanisms accounts for oxygen transfer from flowing nutrient medium into a film of organisms in slime. Profiles of dissolved oxygen concentration are generated at distances downstream from the start of the slime. In these studies, the nutrient medium was assumed rich, thus the rate of oxygen transport limited microbial respiration. Parameter sensitivity tests were performed for flow rate, oxygen concentration in the medium, and mass transfer coefficients.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130410
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  • 32
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    Comments on oxygen transfer within a mold pellet (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130412
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  • 33
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    Stability of immobilized β-galactosidase on prolonged storage (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 589-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130413
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  • 34
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    In situ steam sterilization of membrane filters (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 591-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130414
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  • 35
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130501
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  • 36
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    Oxygen mass transfer and oxygen respiration rate measurements utilizing fast response oxygen electrodes (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 599-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen respiration rate measurements in stirred tank reactors or fermentors have been carried out utilizing currently available dissolved oxygen electrodes. Techniques based on previously derived theory1 have been put to experimental tests and found to adequately describe the oxygen transfer phenomena observed in air-water systems and a fermenting broth.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130502
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  • 37
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    Controlled supply of trace amounts of oxygen in laboratory scale fermentations (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 619-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A detailed study of anaerobic yeast fermentations requires controlled addition of minor amounts of oxygen to the fermentor. A method for supplying small-scale fermentations with millimolar amounts of oxygen is described. The controlled addition is accomplished by diffusion of oxygen through silicone tubing carrying nitrogen to the fermentor. Sulfite values of the fermentation system are given for different gas velocities and lengths of silicone tubing. Two experiments are outlined in which this technique is applied and the possible energy yield from oxydative phosphorylation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130503
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  • 38
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    Electrochemical measurements with glucose oxidase immobilized in polyacrylamide gel: Constant current voltametry (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 629-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Constant current voltametry was shown to be a suitable method for evaluation of electrodes containing immobilized oxidative enzymes as catalysts. The half-cell potential for the oxdidation of D-glucose at constant pH was measured at a series of constant dc currents, using glucose oxidase immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel-platinum gauze matrix as catalyst. Over the range studied the potential versus current data were linear and could be extrapolated to give the open-circuit half-cell potential at zero current. The difference between the measured potential and the open-circuit potential at a constant current was indicative of the loss in useful voltage due to concentration gradients within or adjacent to the enzyme electrode assembly. The relationship between the open-circuit potential and the pH of the reaction mixture was linear with a slope of -0.056, in good agreement with the predicted slope of -0.061.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130504
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  • 39
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    Effect of wall growth in steady-state continuous cultures (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 919-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130614
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  • 40
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    Growth of yeast on methanol as the sole carbon substrate (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 923-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130615
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  • 41
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130101
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  • 42
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    The effects of glucose and oxygen on the cytochromes and metabolic activity of yeast batch cultures. I. Saccharomyces spp. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were grown in batch culture with and without oxygen control.The concentrations of A-, B- and C-type cytochromes of both yeasts were dependent on the oxygen concentration during growth as well as on the initial glucose concentration of the growth medium. S. cerevisiae cytochromes were maximal after growth in low glucose and low oxygen; S. carlsbergensis cytochromes were maximal after growth in low glucose and high oxygen. Except when glucose was in very low concentration, its catabolism by S. carlsbergensis was directed predominantly towards ethanolic fermentation regardless of the oxygen concentration. Growth rate, total cell mass and yield were maximal, and anabolism was closely balanced with catabolism, when glucose and oxygen of S. carlsbergensis cultures were both high. Under these conditions neither catabolism, respiratory or ethanolic, nor glucose uptake were maximal.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130102
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  • 43
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    The use of methane for production of bacterial protein (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Single cell protein production was studied in a mixed bacterial culture grown in methane using batch and continuous culture techniques. Overall productivity was found to be higher in the continuous culture which gave a maximum productivity value p = 0.15 g/l/h. Methane and oxygen were consumed in the relation 1 : 1.7. Yield coefficients for methane, oxygen, and ammonium chloride were YCH4 = 0.90, YO2 = 0.26, and YNH4Cl = 0.14. The crude protein content of the biomass was 71%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130104
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  • 44
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    Modification of a fermentor for pressurized fermentation (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 703-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130511
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  • 45
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    Masthead (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130601
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  • 46
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    The cyclone column culture vessel for batch and continuous, synchronous or asynchronous, culture of microorganismsIssued as NRCC No. 12262. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 865-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple inexpensive apparatus with a working volume of 10 liters of culture is described. Details of construction and procedures for operation of the cyclone column vessel are given. The vessel is self-contained, so that experimental parameters of temperature and aeration are individually controlled; homogeneous mixing and representative sampling of the culture, besides control of foam without need for antifoam, are obtained. The vessel may be used in single or multistage systems for aerobic or anaerobic cultivation of organisms in batch, chemostat, or phased cultures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130610
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  • 47
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    A suspended-sludge-on-solid reactor: A new system for the activated sludge process (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 911-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130613
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  • 48
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    Backmixing and mass transfer in the design of immobilized-enzyme reactors (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 893-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of dispersion and mass transfer resistance on the degree of conversion in an immobilized-enzyme reactor have been considered theoretically. It is assumed that the immobilized enzymes obey a Michaelis-Menten relationship and backmixing can be characterized by a dispersion model. For two extreme cases (perfect mixing and piston flow), approximate equations are obtained, which can be readily used to evaluate the effect of mass transfer on degree of conversion. Numerical solutions are obtained for other intermediate cases. Design charts are given which set practical limits of enzyme reactor design.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130612
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  • 49
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    Improved numerical integration of thick shell finite elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 575-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A quadratic thick shell element derived from a three-dimensional isoparametric element was first introduced by Ahmad and co-workers in 1968. This element was noted, however, to be relatively inefficient in representing bending deformations in thin shell or thin plate applications. The present paper outlines a selective integration scheme for evaluating the stiffness matrix of the element, in which each component of the strain energy is evaluated separately using a different Gaussian integration grid for each contribution. By this procedure, the excessive bending stiffness of the element, which results from the use of me quadratic interpolation functions, is avoided.The improved performance of this element, as compared with the original thick shell element, is demonstrated by analyses of a variety of thin and thick shell problems. Editors' note: A similar development was outlined by O. C. Zienkiewicz and co-workers in lnt. J. num. Meth. Engng, 3, 275-290 (1971). Some important details differ between the two papers which are thus complementary.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 50
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    An introduction to APL, W. Prager, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1971. No. of pages: 134 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 591-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030414
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    An introduction to applied probability and random processes, J. B. Thomas, Wiley, New York, 1971. No. of pages: 350. Price: £6·15 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 591-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030415
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  • 52
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    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030101
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  • 53
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    Erratum (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 1-2 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030102
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  • 54
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    Editorial (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 3-3 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030103
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  • 55
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    The numerical solution of non-linear consolidation problems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It has long been recognized that permeability, compressibility and viscosity vary during the consolidation of soil. However, the introduction of these variations into consolidation theory leads to formidable difficulties due to their rendering the equations highly non-linear. Numerical methods are given herein which enable the governing equation to be solved for a variety of different non-linear laws.
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  • 56
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    Application of the simultaneous iteration method to undamped vibration problems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The simultaneous iteration method of obtaining eigenvalues and eigenvectors is employed for the solution of undamped vibration problems. This method is of significance when a few of the dominant eigenvalues and eigenvectors are required from a large matrix, and hence is particularly suitable for vibration problems involving a large number of degrees of freedom. It is shown that advantage may be taken of both the symmetry and the band form of the mass and stiffness matrices, thus making it feasible to process on a computer larger order vibration problems than can be processed using transformation methods. A method of allowing for body freedom is given and some numerical tests are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030105
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  • 57
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    An economical method for determining the smallest eigenvalues of large linear systems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The general eigenvalue problem Ax = λBx as arising from vibration problems tackled by the finite element method is often solved by the economization method in which the two matrices are reduced to a more manageable size and approximate answers are obtained.This paper analyses the method in a more mathematical way than previous accounts and leads to a definition of the optimum set of variables to be retained during the reduction. An extension to the method is suggested which allows the approximate eigenvalue to be improved and bounds are obtained on the eigenvalues of the full problem before reduction.An estimate is made of the calculation involved in the method and it is concluded, by reference to examples, that the extended method leads to a more efficient algorithm.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030106
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    Solution of the compressible flow equations (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique is described for solving the compressible flow equations in subsonic flow. The general quasi-linear equation ∇.g∇v = 0 is considered with g a function of ∇v. ∇v, and iterations of the form ∇.gn∇vn+1 = 0 are analysed, where g0 is suitably chosen and gn defined from vn for n≥1. This approach is applied to the compressible flow equations in terms of a velocity potential ø: monotonic convergence is predicted and at each iteration the error is multiplied by a factor less than the square of the greatest Mach number in the solution.Reliable convergence has been obtained in practice solving the linear equation for øn+1 by a finite difference method. The alternative of working in terms of the stream function ψ is discussed, and also discretization by the finite element method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030107
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    Non-axial-symmetric thermal stresses in circular discs or cylinders (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A solution is presented for the computation of the transient thermoelastic stresses in a hollow cylinder with temperature boundary conditions given as a circumferential variation of surface heat transfer coefficient. The temperature distribution is solved explicitly. The problem is set up using the Airy stress function which leads to the biharmonic equation. This approach requires the satisfaction of three Michell integrals at the inner boundary in order to ensure single-valued displacements and rotation. An iterative method is described in which these integrals are all simultaneously satisfied and thus provide the necessary non-zero boundary conditions for the solution of the biharmonic equation which is rapidly solved by Gaussian elimination. Results are presented for the general case where the temperature is a function of r and θ. The computer program is checked by assuming a constant value of the surface heat transfer coefficients. In this case a closed form solution is obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030109
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    Dynamic analysis of structures using the rank force method (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 103-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of the finite element rank force method for the dynamic analysis of redundant structures is presented. The applied loading consists of discrete and distributed loads. Both forced and free vibrations are considered, the latter yielding latent vectors corresponding to dynamic redundancies.It is shown that the dynamic properties of an element are given by a static flexibility matrix, an inverse mass matrix, a damping parameter and a displacement vector representing the effect of the applied distributed loading.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030112
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    An annular segment finite element for plate bending (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 119-129 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A stiffness matrix for a finite element having the planform of an annular segment is derived using the displacement approach. Numerical problems involved in the derivation are discussed and rapid convergence to exact solutions is demonstrated on three sample problems. It is concluded that the new element will be of great value to engineers concerned with the analysis of slabs of bridge decks curved in plan.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030113
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    Note on dynamic relaxation (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 145-147 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method of solving a set of simultaneous linear equations requires an estimate of the spectral radius of the matrix. Dividing each equation by the corresponding row sum of moduli of the elements of the matrix gives a convenient upper bound of unity to this. This note shows that the DR method then gives a faster asymptotic rate of the convergence than the degenerate Chebyshev method which it closely resembles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030115
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    A frontal solution program for finite element analysisB. M. Irons, ‘A frontal solution program for finite element analysis’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 5-32 (1970). (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 149-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030116
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    Process analysis by statistical methods, D. M. Himmelblau, Wiley, New York, 1968. No. of pages: 460. Price: £8·75; $19.95 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 151-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030117
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    The finite difference and localized Ritz methods (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The conventional central finite difference equations for the plane stress extension of flat plates are derived as a localized Ritz process. A dual differential-variational discretization of this type enables common classification of the finite difference and finite element methods. Also, it provides alternative methods of establishing sufficiency conditions and relative rates of convergence for discrete systems derived from a localized Ritz process, and the existence of solution bounds for discrete systems derived using difference procedures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030203
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    Finite element formulation of general electrothermoelasticity problems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 161-179 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of consistent discrete models, via the concept of finite elements, of linear and non-linear electrothermomechanical behaviour of continuous bodies. In the development, general energy balances are utilized to derive equations governing electromagnetic fields over an element and coupled equations of motion and heat conduction of a typical element of the continuum. These equations make it possible to study a general class of field problems involving arbitrary geometries and boundary conditions. Sample problems are included.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030204
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    Dynamic programming and the solution of the biharmonic equation (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 199-213 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The numerical solution of the biharmonic equation in a rectangular domain is presented in the context of continuous dynamic programming techniques. The equations are specialized to the solution of elastic rectangular plates. A suitable approximate expression of a certain functional equation containing derivatives only in one direction is used to derive equations for the stiffness and flexibility matrices of the plate. It is shown that those matrices satisfy matrix Riccati equations subject to suitable initial conditions. It is also shown that the condition of optimality in the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation directly expresses a classical variational principle, i.e. the principle of complementary energy. Some numerical examples are finally presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030206
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    Axial wave propagation in membrane shells of revolution (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 181-198 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dynamic finite element technique, which is referred to in the literature as ‘computer-analysis’, is applied to wave propagation problems occurring in finite and semi-infinite linearly elastic membranes of revolution. Both semi-infinite and finite versions of cylindrical and conical membranes are considered, and a finite membrane having a meridional curve which is parabolic is solved. The source of excitation is generally a constant velocity motion of one end of the membranes, but the results for a stress-pulse input at one end of a semi-infinite cylindrical membrane are also given. The results for the finite membranes are new, and the results for the semi-infinite problems are discussed with respect to previously published results. The two-dimensional state of stress in the membrane requires careful ordering of the calculations, and the boundary conditions for finite membranes are shown to follow logically from this ordering of the calculations. The difference in the solutions resulting from prescribing an axial or a tangential velocity excitation at the end of a conical membrane is presented, and the mesh size necessary for convergence to the solution is indicated. The graphs of the results clearly indicate regions in space and time where the membrane model should be replaced by the shell formulation to represent a realistic structure. The technique is shown to be self-contained and independent of any formal method such as the method of characteristics.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030205
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    Non-linear programming for the plastic analysis of local deformations in shell structures (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 215-232 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents an analysis of the response of plastic spherical and cylindrical shells subjected to loads applied through a rigid boss. Special emphasis is placed on following the load-deflection behaviour of these structures after the application of the yield-point load in order to predict the appearance of any snapping action.The method of analysis assumes that upper bound calculations are applicable and that the associated velocity fields can be represented by a series of piecewise continuous polynomials. The internal dissipation of energy for the structures are then written in terms of the coefficients of these polynomials and the values appropriate to the solution are found by using a non-linear programming routine.The results of this analysis are correlated with a non-dimensional boss size parameter p and compared with the results of experimental investigations. Mention is also made of the possible effects of initial imperfections.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030207
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    Vibration analysis of rotating cantilever plates (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 233-248 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element technique is used to determine the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of a cantilever plate mounted on the periphery of a rotating disc. The plane of the plate is assumed to make any arbitrary angle with the plane of rotation of the disc. The distributed centrifugal force is resolved into two components - one acting in the plane of the plate and the other normal to the plate. The stresses produced in the middle surface of the plate due to the in-plane forces are first determined. The increase in the bending stiffness of the plate elements due to these in-plane stresses is obtained in a manner similar to that used in the stability analysis of plates. The component of the distributed centrifugal force normal to the plate surface is added to the inertia force.From the results of computations carried out for various values of the aspect ratio, the speed of rotation, the disc radius and the setting angle, empirical formulae are derived giving the effect of these parameters on the natural frequencies. These empirical formulae are observed to be in agreement with the corresponding known formulae for rotating cantilever beams, when the aspect ratio is high.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030208
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    A steepest gradient method for optimum structural design (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 249-259 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a search procedure for finding the unconstrained maximum or minimum of a function of many independent variables. If this function represents the volume, cost, stiffness, etc. of a structure and each of the independent variables is associated with a parameter governing the geometry of the structure then designs of optimum geometry may be made in certain cases with the assistance of this search procedure. The procedure consists of steepest gradient calculations used in conjunction with a reverse Fibonacci location process. A ridge-following technique is included to speed convergence in addition to localized exploration in the region of an optimum.The search procedure has been programmed for computer use and an outline of its structural design applications is presented together with an example of its efficiency in a specific case.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030209
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    Trigonometric function representations for rectangular plate bending elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 261-273 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of bending of plates for small deformations by applying the finite element method is presented in this paper.A new class of displacement functions has been developed for rectangular bending elements. For the first time a method is proposed for the derivation of displacement functions in which trigonometric expressions that had apparently failed to yield satisfactory results in earlier attempts can be used along with polynomial terms.The derivation leads to conforming type of displacement functions which satisfy the convergence criterion. The approach also demonstrates how many more new displacement functions can be found.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030210
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    Reduced integration technique in general analysis of plates and shells (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 275-290 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of plate and shell problems by an independent specification of slopes and middle surface displacements is attractive due to its simplicity and ability of reproducing shear deformation. Unfortunately elements of this type are much too stiff when thickness is reduced.In an earlier paper a derivation of such an element was presented1 which proved very successful in ‘thick’ situations. Here a very simple extension is made which allows the element to be economically used in all situations.The improved flexibility is achieved simply by reducing the order of numerical integration applied to certain terms without sacrificing convergence properties. The process is of very wide applicability in improvement of element properties.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030211
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    A note on accuracy and convergence of finite element approximations (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 291-292 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030212
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    Quadrature rules for brick based finite elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 293-294 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030213
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    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030301
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    Discussion of paperS. Gallof and B. Kaplan, ‘Numerical solution and utilization of Green's functions,’ Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 1, 169-175 (1969). by S. Gallof and B. Kaplan (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 295-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030214
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    On the calculation of consistent stress distributions in finite element approximations (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 317-325 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The theory of conjugate approximations1 is used to obtain consistent approximations of stress fields in finite element approximations based on displacement assumptions. These consistent stresses are continuous across interelement boundaries and involve less mean error than those computed by the conventional approach.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030303
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    A static and dynamic finite element shell analysis with experimental verification (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 299-315 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A system of finite element shell analysis codes, called SABOR/DRASTIC, is used to analyse a complex two-layered shell of revolution under static and dynamic asymmetric loads. The dynamic analysis is compared with experimentally measured response. In this linear elastic analysis, emphasis is placed on the inherent flexibility of the finite element method in modelling the complex structural geometry of a given test specimen. Static studies, which involve variations in important shell parameters, and dynamic studies, which provide a successful correlation with experiment, are used to illustrate both the detail and the generality with which shell analyses may now be performed with confidence.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030302
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    Generation of two- and three-dimensional finite elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 327-347 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Many of the known finite elements are based on a variational procedure in a functional basis of monomials. The present paper attempts to formulate completely a finite element procedure which is non-variational on a functional basis which is left to the choice of the user.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030304
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    The solution of structural equilibrium equations by the conjugate gradient method with particular reference to plane stress analysis (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 349-360 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer program is described for the analysis of plates in extension using the equivalent plane-framework idealization. The conjugate gradient method is adopted to solve the resulting large number of simultaneous equations. Performance figures are quoted for the program when used on an ICL KDF9 machine with a restriction of 18K on the available core store. The method is generally shown to provide a satisfactory solution to a heavy computational task and thus permits the solution of very large structural systems on a small computer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030305
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    An equation solver of very large capacity (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 379-388 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A very simple equation solver of very large capacity is developed. The method described here does not require a very large in-core memory; however, a fast random access device like a magnetic disk drive is required.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030307
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    Numerical control, olesten, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970. No. of pages: 645. Price: £9.50 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 445-446 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030314
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    Announcements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 447-448 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030316
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    Numerical methods for evaluation of equilibrium composition of ideal gases (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 509-517 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper considers methods of solution of the relevant equations based on the Newton-Raphson process. Expressions are derived for calculation with both good and very poor initial guesses and for calculation of pressure, volume and temperature during an equilibrium process. A method of programming the calculations is outlined. Variations and modifications to suit specific situations are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030406
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  • 86
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    An automatic mesh generation scheme for plane and curved surfaces by ‘isoparametric’ co-ordinates (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 519-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer orientated method is presented which generates meshes of triangular elements in plane and curved surfaces. Depending on geometrical and material variations, the region to be discretized is divided into a number of four sided zones. By using curvi-linear co-ordinate systems, nodes within and on the boundary of each zone are automatically positioned and referenced to a global Cartesian co-ordinate system. Elements are automatically assembled from these nodes. Input data is required to specify the positions and material properties of each zone and how they are connected. Examples are given which illustrate the range of meshes that can be generated. Extension of the method to generate three-dimensional tetrahedral elements is indicated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030407
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  • 87
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    A finite-deflection analysis of shallow arches by the discrete element methodThis paper is Crown copyright and is reproduced here with the permission of the Controller, Her Majesty's Stationery Office. (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 529-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The discrete element displacement method is used to analyse the finite-deflection behaviour of shallow arches. The arches are idealized as assemblies of shallow curved elements and the necessary properties of the displacement patterns in these elements are discussed. Numerical solutions of the geometrically non-linear problem are obtained by directly minimizing the total potential energy of the system.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030408
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  • 88
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    A simple algorithm for the stiffness matrix of triangular plate bending elementsThe authors are indebted to the referees for many comments and suggestions. (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 553-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For a hierarchy of polynomials on the triangle there is derived an algorithm for computing the stiffness matrix of the plate bending element. The algorithm is easy to program and means a considerable saving of the computing time. The same approach can be used for any elliptic equation with constant coefficients.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030409
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  • 89
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    Global-local finite element (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element procedures usually require more degrees of freedom for a specified accuracy than does a classical Ritz procedure if suitable coordinate functions are available. This paper develops a combined global and local dependent variable representation which couples the conventional and finite element Ritz methods. This hybrid method preserves much of the flexibility of the finite element method while increasing the solution accuracy for a specified system order. The method is illustrated by examination of a beam and a plate vibration problem.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030410
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  • 90
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    Finite element method applied to the problem of stability of a non-conservative system (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 63-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is applied to the stability analysis of structural systems subject to non-conservative forces. The development of the method is general, but the specific application considered here is the stability of thin-walled members subject to follower forces. The method predicts the type of instability, whether it be buckling or flutter. Example problems, for which exact solutions are known, illustrate the accuracy and convergence characteristic of the finite element formulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030110
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  • 91
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    Stress and deformation analysis of fibrous composite materials by point matching (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 89-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The point matching numerical method and its generalization, the method of boundary point least squares, have been successfully applied to numerous boundary value and eigenvalue problems. The present paper demonstrates the application of these techniques to problems in the micromechanics of fibrous composite materials, i.e. determination of elastic moduli and stress concentrations for parallel-fibre materials which are loaded transversely with respect to the fibres. The solution technique utilizes exact solutions of the governing equations of plane elasticity for each component fibre and its surrounding matrix material in a typical repeating section of the composite material. The continuity conditions for stresses and displacements between fibre and matrix and the repeatability conditions at the boundary of the repeating section are satisfied approximately in a pointwise manner. Some special numerical techniques which were found to be particularly useful in applying the point matching method to these problems are delineated. The method is demonstrated for composite materials having circular, elliptical and square fibres in regular, staggered arrays. Numerical results are given which show the accuracy of the method as well as stress concentration and composite elastic moduli data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030111
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  • 92
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    Concave programming and piece-wise linear programming (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 131-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper discusses the mathematical foundations of a technique that has been used extensively in structural optimization.1-6 Two basic problems are considered. The first of these is the concave programming problem which consists of finding the global minimum of ‘piece-wise concave functions’ on ‘piece-wise concave sets’. Since any function can be approximated by a piece-wise concave function, this method could in principle be used to find the global minimum in non-convex optimization problems. The second one is the piece-wise linear programming problem in which the objective function is convex and piece-wise linear. The iterative method outlined for handling this problem is shown to be much more efficient than the standard simplex method of linear programming.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030114
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  • 93
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    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030201
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  • 94
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    Editorial notice (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 154-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030202
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  • 95
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    A numerical solution of axisymmetric problems in elastodynamicsThis research was supported by the Research Foundation of the State University of New York. (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 361-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The equations governing the axisymmetric dynamic deformation of an elastic solid are considered as a symmetric hyperbolic system of linear first-order partial differential equations. The characteristic properties of the system are determined and a numerical method for obtaining the solution of mixed initial and boundary value problems in elastodynamics is presented. Two examples are considered.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030306
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  • 96
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    Use of optimization methods to solve heat convection problems with unknown wall boundary conditions (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In convection heat transfer problems, it is convenient to solve the governing differential equations by using straightforward marching techniques for numerical integration. However, the boundary layer equations in these heat transfer problems are not of the initial value type even though they are parabolic equations. Consequently marching techniques are not successful until correct initial values are known. A means of determining these initial values is presented herein. Selected optimization methods are utilized in conjunction with marching integration techniques to solve third- and fourth-order ordinary differential equations which have three unknown initial boundary conditions. Two optimization methods, one deterministic and the other non-deterministic in nature, are used both independently and in combination as determined by the particular circumstances. Two applications are used to demonstrate the technique and comparison is made with existing solutions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030309
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    Discussion of paperSuryanarayan Patnaik and Pasala Dayaratnam, ‘Behaviour and design of pin connected structures’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 579-595 (1970). by Suryanarayan Patnaik and Pasala Dayaratnam (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 443-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030312
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    Discussion of paperR. S. Barsoum and R. H. Gallagher, ‘Finite element analysis of torsional and torsional-flexural stability problems’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 335-352 (1970). by R. S. Barsoum and R. H. Gallagher (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 444-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030313
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  • 99
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    A note on convergence of finite element solutions (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence of nodal displacements obtained by the finite element method is investigated for special element patterns in plane elasticity with the aid of the differential equation derived from the equilibrium condition at each node. The convergence of strains is also discussed. It is shown that averaging is an effective tool for obtaining approximations to strain for some kinds of mesh arrangement. It is also shown that the approach becomes inaccurate along force boundaries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030404
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  • 100
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    A refined curved element for thin shells of revolution (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 495-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A refined axisymmetric curved finite element for the analysis of thin elastic-plastic shells of revolution is described in the paper. The improved element is obtained by employing cubic polynomials in terms of local Cartesian co-ordinates for the assumed in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. This introduces into the solution two internal degrees of freedom in the cord direction of each element. These internal degrees of freedom are removed by static condensation before assembling the individual element stiffness matrices, and are subsequently recovered after the nodal displacements are obtained. On comparison with the previous formulation, this procedure greatly improves the accuracy of the solution especially with regards to in-plane stress-resultants at discontinuities in the meridional curvature and interelement equilibrium of forces. The latter fact makes it possible to analyse shells with a discontinuous meridional slope. In using this element, improvement in the convergence of the elastic-plastic solutions has also been observed.Several examples illustrate the quality of solutions. The reported study is limited to axisymmetric loadings cum boundary conditions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030405
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