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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aus Fermentationen mit Bacillus subtilis, die zum Zwecke der Synthese extrazellulä rer Enzyme angesetzt wurden, konnten verschiedentlich Bakteriophagen isoliert werden. Die auf Grund der Wirtsbereiche differierenden Einzelplaqueisolate wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Partikel waren sehr verschieden in der Größe und in der morphologischen Struktur. Sie gehörten damit verschiedenen Gruppen von Bacillus-Phagen an, die durch die Standardphagen SPO1, Ø29 und PBS1 reprä sentiert werden. Außerdem wurde ein Phage mit einem oktaedrischen Kopf gefunden. Aus einem enzymbildenden Bacillus-Stamm konnten nach Infektion mit dem PBS1-ä hnlichen Phagen PZ-F Ghosts mit oktaedrischen Köpfen sowie nach Induktion mit Mitomycin C komplette und defektive Phagen freigesetzt werden.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 9-15 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The capability of the yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus to utilize solved paraffins in fermentation brothes could be demonstrated. The growth rate of this microorganism in the case of utilization of solved paraffins is higher as the most known dates.The saturated concentrations of solved hydrocarbons in the fermentation brothes are higher as in real solvent systems.The part of the solved hydrocarbon is a function of the power input, the diameter of oil drops, the fermentation conditions and the length of the paraffin chain.The organism growth rate depends on the solved paraffin concentration in the fermentation broth. This fact is one of the reasons for the variability of the consumption coefficients by utilization of paraffins with different chain lenghts.The results confirm the assumption that the transport of the paraffins from the oil drops to the cells takes place over water soluble phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Xylanaseproduktion durch Streptomyces xylophagus nov. sp. wurde im Schü ttelkolben und in einem 14-Liter-Laborfermentor in diskontinuierlicher und in kontinuierlicher Kultur untersucht. Die maximale Enzymausbeute wurde auf 1%igem handelsü blichen Xylanmedium bei 30°C durch 7,5%ige ü berimpfung einer 5 Tage alten Xylankultur erreicht, wobei dem Medium im Schü ttelkolben 0,8% und dem Submersfermentor 0,3% Bactopepton zugestzt wurden. Die maximale Xylanaseproduktion wurde bei pH 7,4 erreicht. Eine Hitzbehandlung bis zu 200°C wirkte sich nicht hemmend auf die Xylanaseproduktion aus.Die Gleichgewichtsparameter fü r die Zellmasse, lösliches Protein und die Xylanaseaktivitä t wurden in Abhä ngigkeit der Verdü nnungsraten von 0,02 bis 0,04 h+1 bestimmt, wobei Xylan (wood gum xylan) als Kohlenstoffquelle diente. Die maximale Enzymaktivitä t und Produktivitä t von 7,2 X.U. (1 xylanase unit, X.U. ≙ 1 mg reduzierter Zucker, der aus 1 ml Enzym in 15 Minuten bei 50°C gebildet wird) und 0,194 X.U./h wurden bei einer Verdü nnungsrate von 0,027 h+1 beobachtet.Die maximale Zellkonzentration und Produktivitä t von 7,2 g/l und 0,245 g/lh wurden bei einer Verdü nnungsrate von 0,34 h+1 beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 73-102 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review is given of most of the literature concerning the immobilization of whole microbial cells and their testing for application in product synthesis. The review includes a discussion of adventages and disadventages of immobilized cells, methods of immobilization, pretreatments, aftertreatments, operation, recent developments, and other problems together with a table of the immobilized microbes and the tested reactions of product synthesis, with 350 references.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 103-103 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As a part of the Autoselect-system an eightfold diluter is described. Cassettes with 64 tubes are placed on the carriage of the machine and moved automatically in eight steps. One of the cassettes is loaded with separated samples in 64 tubes and the other one with 64 empty tubes. When the carriage stops, a defined volume of samples is exhausted by eight pipettes, mounted on a bridge spanning over the ground unit from left to right, and after beeing moved to the second cassette the pipettes deliver the samples into a row of empty tubes. At the same time by eight syringes mounted on both sides of the machine a defined volume of buffer is delivered through tubes and canules. By this way all samples can be diluted in two minutes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Starting with the definition of the process term kLa, steady state and nonsteady state measuring methods are described for its determination. Then the sorption characteristics for mixing vessels and for bubble columns are presented with respect to the coalescence behaviour of the system treated. They permit the scale-up of these devices and the optimization of their process parameters for a required oxygen uptake. In addition to the sorption characteristics for the given system the knowledge of the flooding point and the power characteristics is necessary for the lay-out of mixing vessels, whereas in the case of bubble columns the gas hold-up characteristic needs to be known.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The morphology of filamentous microorganisms does essentially affect the production of metabolites. Agitating conditions may affect the morphology and for this reason the production of metabolites too.The following parameters it was found to have an influence: Reynolds mixing numberimpeller blade tips velocitymean shear stress close to the impellerimpeller power consumption per unit volumecavitation pressure dropIt were presumed three mechanisms for the mechanical effect on the microorganisms: 1the direct impact of the impeller blades on the microorganisms-collision2the shear stress in the liquid phase3a sharp pressure decrease behind the impeller blades-cavitationMathematical relationships are developed for the different mechanisms.Using Aspergillus niger it is shown what morphological and physiological states of this microorganism are caused by mechanical straining and the conditions for the maximal production of citric acid are studied.Requirements for scale-up are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die bei der Herstellung von OYOKPO, einem in der Bendel-Region von Nigeria traditionell auf Hirse-Basis gewonnenem Bier, wirkenden Mikroorganismen wurden untersucht.Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwei Phasen der Einwirkung unterschiedlicher Mikroorganismen.Fü r die saccharolytischen Aktivitä ten beim Mä lzprozeβ sind die aus den gelagerten Hirsekörnern stammenden Mikroorganismen (im Zusammenwirken mit der pflanzlichen Amylase des Hirsemalzes) verantwortlich. Sie werden wahrscheinlich beim Erhitzungsprozeß abgetötet.Die im fermentierten Produkt gefundenen Mikroorganismen stammen aus der fü r die Fermentation eingesetzten Starterkultur; sie vergä ren die niederen Zucker zu Alkohol.Schimmelpilze treten nach der Fermentation nicht mehr auf; Hefen sind wä hrend des Mä lzprozesses nicht zu finden mit Ausnahme von Saccharomyces cervisiae, sie erscheinen jedoch wä hrend der Fermentation. Veschiedene Bakterienarten sind in allen Stadien anzutreffen, so beim Mä lzen, Maischen und bei der Reifung. (Acetobacter wurde bis zu Beginn der Reifung nicht nachgewiesen.) Der pH-Wert sinkt von Beginn der Fermentation (5,2) bis zum Ende auf 3,8. Der am Ende erhaltene Sä urewert entspricht 0,43% (als Essigsä ure titriert).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf der Grundlage von hydrodynamischen und reaktionstechnischen Voraussetzungen wird ein dreiphasiges Stoffsystem mit mikrobieller Reaktion auf quasi-homogene Modelle zurü ckgefü hrt. Mit Hilfe der Michaelis-Menten-Kinetik werden Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen fü r die auto katalytische Reaktion des wachstumsverbundenen Substratabbaues hergeleitet, die sich bis auf die Monod-Kinetik zurü hren lassen. Es wird bewiesen, daß die Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen der mikrobiellen Katalyse denen der heterogenen Gaskatalyse analog sind.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of Methanosarcina barkeri on methanol as energy source was found to be dependent on cobalt and molybdenum. In the presence of 10-6 M Co and 5 × 10-7M Mo optimal growth occurred. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that nickel and selenium each in a concentration of 10-7 M stimulated the growth of this methanogenic bacterium while the following elements tested in the range of 10-7 M to 10-3 had no influence: B, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb. The requirement of Co and Ni for optimal growth are in accordance with the results that the cells contain the Co containing corrinoid Factor III (0.1 - 0.2 mg 5-hydroxylbenzimidazolylcyanocobamide per g wet cells) and Factor F430, a nickel component. Studies on the vitamin dependency of M. barkeri showed that this strain needs only the vitamin riboflavin for the growth in a defined medium. Under these conditions a cell density of 2.6 g dry cells/l could be obtained in a fed batch culture.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rheological measurements can give interesting informations for the characterization of fermentation broth, especially concerning the depending of the oxygen transfer rate. Rheological measurements can report decisions for choosing the best reactor type or other process steps e.g. purification and separation.An advantageous method was used by the combination of a dynamic process-viscosimeter with the fermenter and the continuous measurement of medium density by X-ray absorption method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 115-126 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of the rate-limiting step of heterogeneous catalytic reactions is explained. For microbiological catalysies in a highdispersial system the partial steps of substance transfer from macroscpace up to the biochemical reaction in the cell (microspace) are generally described and formulated. By means of statistical modells based on the theory of the isotope turbulence the numeric interpretation for the investigation of rate-limiting step at the fermentation and ripening of beer in bioreactors with enforced turbulence takes place. The rate-limiting step is the biochemical reaction of the extract degradation, that means kR·tH ≪ 1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 127-130 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: On the base of measuring the respiration rate (HARRISON) a biological measuring method for determination of methanol concentration in stationary range was worked out. The method allows the determination of methanol concentrations up to 0.3 mg l-1 and is applicable for such cases, when microorganisms consume this substrate quickly (within a few minutes). If the methanol concentration in stationary range is known, it is possible to calculate the kinetic constants of the system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The propagation of the virulent phage M 1 of the obligate methylotrophic bacteria strain GB 4 is inhibited by n-alkanes. The addition of hydrocarbons (7.5-22.5%) to a suspension of free phages or to a phage-host-mixture prevents the propagation of the phages, but does not influence the growth rate of the host bacteria. In a laboratory fermentor a simulated strong infection (multiplicity = 0.1) of the strain GB 4 with its phage M 1 could be suppressed by the application of 20% of a technical hydrocarbon mixture (Parex I).The inhibitory effect of the hydrocarbons can be traced back to inspecific hydrocarbon-protein-interactions at the surface of the phage and the host cells and therewith to an influencing of the adsorption.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The improved method for preparing Oyokpo a Nigerian fermented beverage from millet, and the preparation of single cell proteins from the spent grain is described. Improvement of the brew was made by controlled malting, mashing and brewing with a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It had a reducing sugar content of 19.73 g/100 ml before fermentation and after fermentation 5.56% alcohol, 0.58 g/100 ml titratable acidity as acetic acid, a final pH of 4.2 and consisted of a yellowish clear liquid, slightly sour. The native brew had a reducing sugar content of 7.37 g/100 ml before fermentation and after fermentation, 2.40% alcohol, 0.43 g/100 ml titratable acidity, a final pH of 3.8 and consisted of a creamy yellowish liquid with a very sour taste. Fermented spent grain gave a higher protein yield compared to unfermented or ground millet. The lipids, proteins and crude fibre were 4.94%, 11.20% and 4.33% respectively for ground millet, 12,79%, 23.77% and 19.46% respectively for unfermented spent grain and 19.61%, 47.28% and 32.09% respectively for fermented spent grain. The high protein and fibre content of the fermented spent grain points to its potential as a feed supplement for ruminants.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract in Russian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 187-189 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract in Russian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 268-268 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 269-278 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fundamentals of bioreactor design are the following functions: macro- and micro-mixing, mass transfer, heat exchange, bioreactor control and its scale-up. Mixing, mass transfer, heat exchange involve the determination of elementary zones of reactor, the mass transfer and the heat exchange between them and also between individual phases (liquid, gaseous, solid), including a possibility of direct gas-cell oxygen uptake. The overall description of a bioreactor is obtained by combining models of reactor hydrodynamics, mass transfer and heat exchange with a appropriate cell or population model. On the basis of hierarchical description new biological scale-up procedures (via modeling and simulation) may evolve.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 285-290 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aldehyde oxidase from pig liver was adsorptively bound to DEAE-cellulose. The data of immobilization and the properties of the immobilized enzyme are reported. Its maximum half-life is 36 days. The pH-optimum is displaced toward lower pH-values and independent from the substrates proved. Temperature optimum and substrate specifity, however, don't change during immobilization. Contrary to the soluble enzyme the aldehyde oxidase adsorbed to DEAE-cellulose displays a two-phase ARRHENIUS plot.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 391-392 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstrct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 351-364 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general view of the possibilities of producing ethanol from sugar, starch and cellulose feedstocks is given.For the 3 variants net energy analysis of ethanol production and evaluation of costs are presented. With the exception of the case using molasses as feedstock the net energy balances are positive.The greatest possible net energy yield can be expected with sugar cane followed by sugar beets, wood and paper waste. Based on feedstock availability, net energy utilization and production costs, the most promising processes for producing ethanol from non-grain feedstocks over the next 20 years will be those processes using fermentable sugars available from nongrain starchy materials, cellulosics and whey.The feedstock prices for cellulosics are low and if the developments in cellulose hydrolysis will lead to improve the ethanol yields from cellulose fermentation to nearer 90 percent of the theoretical value, cellulosic materials can become a good feedstock for ethanol production.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the most important properties and fields of application of microbial proteinases are presented. Special possibilities of an industrial utilization of these enzymes are discussed: in the photographic industry for the production and degradation of gelatin as well as for silverless photography, in the food industry for the improvement of the functional properties of proteins as well as for increasing their nutritive value, in organic synthesis for the production of peptides, and in sewage treatment plants for the stabilization of sludge.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 3-8 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf der Basis der Flotationstheorie der festen Partikel wurde in der Submerskultur der Mechanismus des direkten Sauerstoffübergangs in die Zelle unter den Bedingungen gegenseitiger Beeinflussung des Mikroorganismus mit der gasförmigen und der flüssigen Phase quantifiziert.
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of microorganisms growing on the walls of laboratory fermenters was investigated and a model to describe of microbial lysis and the formation of growth inhibitory products in a continuous fermentation process was developed.The predictions were compared with results from an earlier model for growth of microorganisms on surfaces.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of extracellular concentrations of hydrogen ion and C-substrates on the specific growth rate of different microorganisms is investigated.A general relationship in the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mu {\rm } = {\rm }\mu _{\max } {\rm } - {\rm }K_2 \left( {c_i } \right)^{K_1 }$$ \end{document} can be used to describe the inhibition effect of HPlus;- or substrate concentration (ci) on the growth rate. Different examples are demonstrated and the adequate specific constants K1 and K2 calculated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The methodical principle of an automated selection system for antibiotic producers, the Autoselectsystem, consisting of six machines and a computer is explained. In order to work with this machines the following material is needed: Cassettes with 64 microculture cups for cultivation of colonies on agar, cassettes with glass-tubes for dilution of samples, and test-plates with 64 holes for performing the agar diffusion test. The cups, the tubes and holes are arranged in a pattern of 8×8. In a serie of papers the machines will be described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 175-179 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An agardeliverer, one of the machines of the Autoselect-system is described. This machine allows to pour melted agar automatically into a row of 8 microculture cups of a cassette with 64 cups. By changing the agarcontainer provided for one medium against another container with 8 chambers the machine offers the possibility to deliver 1 to 8 media simultaneously. In this respect the machine gets more and more interest not only for the selection of antibiotic producers, but also for taxonomic, genetic and other studies. Sterile conditions are ensured by sterilizing the head of the machine before starting the work.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An inoculator enabling the isolation of colonies from petridishes onto agar-filled microcultur cups, arranged in a pattern of 8 × 8 in cassettes, is described. The transfer of the colonies takes place by turning of an inoculation cross with 4 loops. While the cross stops and lowers, one loop is sterilized, another, which has been sterilized shortly before, is being cooled in sterile water, the next one is taking off some material from a colony and the last is spreading the material on the agar of a cup. The capacity of the machine accounts about 600 colonies per hour.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 197-199 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It was found that the cellular Na+-concentration (CcellNa+) of Lodderomyces elongisporus D is depended on the extracellular K+-concentration (CexK+).The relationship can be described by an equation in the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$C_{{\rm cell}}^{Na + } {\rm } = {\rm const}.{\rm } - {\rm const}.{\rm } \cdot {\rm }\ln {\rm }C_{{\rm ex}}^{K + } .$$\end{document}The function of the natrium ion seem to be to support the utilisation rate of potassium ion at lower extracellular K+-concentration.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 296-299 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automatic eightfold-pipetter has been developed with the same basic unit as the diluter of the Autoselect-system. The pipetter is fitted with eight pipettes on a bridge over the basic unit. By means of the pipettes a volume of 0.05 ml from eight tubes is exhauseted and delivered in the holes of a test plate. Both the test plate and a cassette with 64 tubes are located on a moving carriage. the test plate on the first floor and the cassette on the ground floor. If the pipettes transfer the samples from the tubes to the holes the distance between the pipettes must be changed by a special device from 20 to 30 mm, because the distance between the holes on the test plate differs from that of the tubes.For the transfer of 64 samples 2 minutes only are needed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 304-307 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 326-326 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 338-338 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 339-350 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial cells were gel-entrapped with photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers or urethane prepolymers, respectively. The resulting gels have different tailor-made hydrophobic or hydrophilic character. They were used for successful bioconversion of hydrophobic steroids and terpenoids in watersaturated mixtures of organic solvents. The experiments show the influence of the hydrophobicity of the gels and the polarity of the solvent mixtures, respectively. Use of hydrophobic gels and less polar solvents is preferable for bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds. The selective formation of a desired product among diverse products from a single substrate by appropriate use of hydrophobic or hydrophilic gels is possible. In each case, tests should be made to select the appropriate gel and solvent mixture. Bioconversions tested are: dehydroepiandrosterone to 4-androstene-3,17-dione; cholesterol to cholestenone; β-sitosterol to β-sitostenone; stigmasterol to stigmastenone; pregnenolone to progesterone; testosterone to Δ1-dehydrotestosterone or 4-androstene-3,17-dione, respectively; all with immobilized cells of Nocardia rhodocrous; and stereoselective hydrolysis of dl-menthyl-succinate to yield l-menthol with immobilized cells of Rhodotorula minuta var. texensis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A schematic representation of the variety of products which can be obtained by microbial conversion of cellulose is presented.Alkaline pre-treatment has been used after milling in all the experiments. Solka-floc or sugarcane bagasse was used as sources of cellulose. A cellulolytic strain of Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 30514) was cultivated in batch-, fed batch and continuous culture up to 7 liter stirred tank fermenter. The general growth characteristics were determined by growing on glucose. Results of experiments on the growth of A. terreus for production of biomass on Solka-floc or Sugarcane bagasse are given, also the ability of crude cellulases to produce sugar syrups by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose has been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Coordinated regulation of carbon and energetic metabolism enzymes is characteristic of lysine producing strains of Brevibacterium flavum. ATP is the regulating effector and changes in the stationary ATP-concentration in cells cause certain alternations of enzyme activities in the basic metabolism pathways. The goal of the experiments was the use of the biochemical regulations of methabolism in order to increase the productivity of lysine biosynthesis.Following results were received: Activation of TCA-cycle enzymes is compulsory for intensive lysine biosynthesis.The most essential of several parallel electron transport pathways in the ETC of Br. flavum is the NADH dependent, cyanid resistant, hydroxamate sensitive oxydation pathway.Calculations have shown, that the most economical variant is the synthesis of oxalacetate (precursor of lysine) by PEP carboxylation. Therefore strains with elevated PEP-carboxylase activity synthesize lysine in a more economical way.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 207-246 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examination show how far the stirred tank fermenter meets the requirements of multi-phase systems under conditions of microbiological protein synthesis. 1The homogeneity attained by mixing of 4-phase-fermentation medium will be influenced by different amounts of material flow of the correspondent process conditions.2Limitation of nitrogen and solved nutrient - and trace salts in culture liquid by unsatisfactorily mixing can be excluded. The solute-oxygen concentration and homogeneous distribution of solute-oxygen in the culture liquid are influencing the economy of fermentation.3The homogeneity concerning petroleum distillate-, biomass-and air distribution highly depends from biomass content of the fermentation medium.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipids were extracted from the cells of Lodderomyces elongisporus EH 15 grown on gas oil (Bp. 240 to 360 °C) with benzine/alcohol (80:20). The lipid-hydrocarbon-fraction obtained by this extraction method was 18.5%. It was composed of hydrocarbons, phospholipids, fatty acids, glycerides, sterols, ubiquinones, and vitamines. The main components among the lipids were phospholipids. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid, sterol, and ubiquinone fractions were analysed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 300-303 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An eightfold punch belonging to the Aùtoselect-system is described. It is provided for the preparation of bioassay plates. From the agar of large quadratic test plates moving automatically on a carriage of the machine, 64 holes are made by eight punches. The punches arranged in a row over the test plate are lowered, if the carriage stops, and so they cut out and exhaust agar discs in a pattern of 8 × 8.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 53
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the carbon substrates glucose and methanol on enzyme activities of the yeast Candida methylica was investigated by substrate-shift experiments in discontinuous cultivation. Growth on glucose results in a repression of the enzymes necessary for methanol utilization. After depletion of glucose or addition of methanol these enzymes are derepressed or induced, respectively. Changes in the activity of enzymes of the intermediary metabolism turn out differently both in intensity and direction as a result of substrate-shifts. The results suggest a basic change in the metabolism by growing Candida methylica in glucose or methanol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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