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  • 1990-1994  (412)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1994  (412)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (368)
  • Gas chromatography
  • Nuclear reactions
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Years
  • 1990-1994  (412)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Amino acids 6 (1994), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Amino acid enantiomers ; Chiral analysis ; Chirasil-L-Val ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Selected ion monitoring ; D-Serine ; D-Alanine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative amounts of free D-amino acids (D-AA) in the urine of seven healthy volunteers (age 27 to 49 years) were determined using chiral phase (Chirasil-L-Val) capillary gas chromatography in conjunction with selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. The absolute amounts of free D-AA were determined by pre-column derivatization of the amino acids witho-phthaldialdehyde andN-isobutyryl-L-cysteine followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and fluorescence detection of the isoindol derivatives formed. The following most abundant D-AA were found (highest and lowest absolute and relative amounts): D-Ser (379.8 — 30.1µMol/L; 56.5 — 19.0%), D-Ala (53.8 — 7.6µMol/L; 19.6 — 5.7%), D-Thr (5.8 — 0.25µMol/L; 3.4 — 1.0%), D-Val (3.7 — 0µMol/L; 4.2 — 0%), and D-Phe (3.5 — 0.35µMol/L; 4.8 — 1.4%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 689-693 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Enantioselectivity ; GC-MS ; GC-GC-MS ; Pinus peuce ; Monoterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Needles of the Macedonian Pine,Pinus peuce Griseb., a conifer growing in the Balkan mountains, were extracted by a Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction device. The components of this essential oil were identified by the retention times obtained on two columns differing in polarity and by GC-MS. Because of the complex nature of such plant extracts, a multidimensional GC method for enantiomer analysis, using a non-chiral pre-column and a chiral main column has been developed. The enantiomeric ratios of five monoterpene hydrocarbons were estimated by GC-GC and GC-GC-MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Particle beam MS detection ; Polycyclic aromatic metabolites ; Biodegradation in water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry (LC-PBMS) systems have been used for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in water samples from a biological decomposition model experiment. The results were compared with those obtained by classical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Evaluation of spectral data indicated the presence of six main metabolites; 1H,3H-naphtho [1,8-cd]pyran-1,3-dione, 1-(hydroxymethyl)naphthalene, and 1,2-acenaphthenedione were identified by use of standard substances and spiking experiments. Enrichment of the investigated water samples with online pre-column (C18) concentration, freeze-drying, and solvent extraction led to similar results with only slight differences. The application of microbore separation columns proved to be a promising tool in particle beam LC-MS measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Porous polymer stationary phase ; Selectivity studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of GC columns packed with the copolymer of methacrylic ester of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglicydyl ether and divinylbenzene was studied. Selectivity studies were made for three polymer samples of different molar ratio of monomers. To determine the selectivities of these copolymers retention indices for seven test compounds in comparison to those obtained on Porapak Q are calculated. Additionally, the efficiency of porous polymer purification was studied by a SFE-GC-MS technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 265-270 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Triglycerides ; Packed vs. capillary columns ; Milk fat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Quantitative gas chromatography of triglycerides in conjunction with established triglyceride formulae can be used to determine various milk fat parameters. Since the evaluation of, for example, iodine number or content of non-milk fats (foreign fats) in milk fat requires only the separation of triglycerides by carbon number and since repeatabilities, especially of the highboiling triglycerides, have been less acceptable with capillary columns in the past, packed columns have been used exclusively. There is, however, an increasing demand for the use of capillary instead of packed columns and to that end the present investigation has been carried out. To achieve a suitable resolution, with this particularly exacting high-temperature application, a short 5 m capillary column of extreme temperature stability has been used. As well as modification of various analytical conditions different injection techniques have been investigated. On-column, PTV and split injection were compared with regard to repeatability. The cold-on-column injection technique was found to produce the best results, being comparable to the excellent precision of a packed column. Thus, a method is now available by means of which the determination of milk fat parameters by the triglyceride formulae, such as the amount of foreign fats in milk fat, can now be carried out with a standardized capillary column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid modified adsorption capillary columns ; Polar compound analysis ; Aqueous solution analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of graphite layer open tubular (GLOT) columns is described together with their application to the analysis of priority pollutants and polar compounds such as alcohols, free carboxylic acids, aliphatic amines and phenols at the sub-nanogram level. A specific application of GLOT columns is for the direct analysis of aqueous solutions avoiding solvent extraction procedures. Several chromatograms of critical separations are reported together with calibration curves. A study of the reproducibility of column preparation is reported in terms of the standard deviation of the capacity ratio and of the minimum HETP obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 679-688 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Phase constants ; Explanatory coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Explanatory phase coefficients according to Abraham et al. are calculated from McReynolds index differences and the phase constant B. The retention expression (log Vg)−A=BI/100 connects specific retention volumes and retention indices. McReynolds phase constants and Abrahams explanatory coefficients can be used with similar accuracy for the prediction of relative retention data and for the characterization of stationary phases in gas chromatography. The application of polarity constants for the characterization of stationary phases is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 304-312 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron capture detector ; Theoretical model of ECD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper reports a theoretical model of the ECD detector. The model presented here can be used to examine the influence of pulse parameters on the current and signal characteristics of the detector. On the basis of this model it was found that a space charge is created in the detector when it is supplied with pulse voltage. Due to the electric potential generated by the space charge, in the time between the pulses the electrons and negative ions move towards the detector electrodes. The ionization current of the detector is the sum of the electron current flowing to the anode under the influence of the supplied pulse voltage and the current flowing under the space charge potential in the time between the pulses. It was also found that the detector signal is the sum of the differences between those two currents caused by introducing the sample molecules to the detector. The model was tested for a detector with different electrode configurations which worked at temperature of 300 K or 573 K and which was supplied with nitrogen or Ar+10% CH4 as the carrier gas.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Curie-point pyrolysis ; Multivariate analysis ; Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Multivariate analysis was used to develop a viable method for determination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) by Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography. The pyrograms obtained were normalized against a maximum peak area and peak height. Normalized values were used for Quantification IV, which is one of the multivariate analysis methods, to select useful values initially. Then cluster analysis was carried out using both the selected values and their deviations. This method corresponds to qualitative analysis and indicates which data-base is similar to the sample. On the basis of this data-base, calibration data-bases are chosen. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the calibration data-base and a set of sample data simultaneously. The principal component scores and contribution coefficients obtained were used to construct a calibration curve from which the DBS content of the sample was calculated. The results are in fair agreement with theoretical values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen phosphorus detection ; Atrazine and simazine ; Freeze-dried water analysis ; ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The determination of atrazine in freeze-dried water samples containing simazine, 0.6% glycine as stabilizer and other pesticides has been compared using three different techniques: (i) direct rapid-magnetic particlebased ELISA, (ii) dichloromethane liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and Florisil column clean-up prior to ELISA determination and (iii) LLE, Florisil column clean-up and gas chroamtography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). The methodology developed in this paper has shown the advantages of the introduction of a clean-up step prior to ELISA determination and its correlation with GC-NPD determinations. Atrazine could be determined at levels between 0.1 to 5 μg l−1 in water smaples using the different methods described in this paper. The crossreactivity problems found in the ELISA test associated with the presence of simazine are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 210-215 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Correlation chromatography ; Concentration methods ; Polymer dynamic head-space sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatography has been used to study the kinetics of evolution of volatiles from polypropylene samples (at 70°C). Correlation chromatography (CC) and the trapping of volatiles on Tenax sorbents and activated charcoal were employed to improve the detector signal. As a reference, the kinetics of gas evolution was studied by making a series of direct single injections of polymer head-space gas on a GC column. The results of trapping differed from those obtained by single injection. However, the data from single injections and CC were in good agreement. The CC method was found to offer far more operator convenience for dynamic head-space analysis than sample trapping, being less subject to operator errors.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 294-298 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preconcentration ; Thermal modulator ; Cross-correlation ; Trace analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The inside wall of an uncoated polyethylene capillary traps organic substances from a water sample pumped through it by a nitrogen gas stream. Heating the capillary in a chromatographic oven slowly releases the trapped organic substances from the wall. Nitrogen carrier gas transports sample substances released through a thermal desorption modulator and onto a chromatographic column. Pulsing the temperature of the modulator modulates the concentrations of sample components as they enter the column. Computing the cross correlation of the detector output signal against the applied modulation signal generates the chromatogram. Detection limits below 1 ppb are possible using a flame ionization detector. No sample pretreatment or cold trap is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 363-365 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Light hydrocarbons ; Stabilized crude oil ; Capillary guard column
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper reports a quick, and simple method for quantitative determination of C2 to C6 hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil without using a back flush system. A mixture of crude oil and internal standard is injected into a GC equipped with a 6 meter length of fused silica capillary as a guard column. The light hydrocarbons are separated individually up to the last peak of the hexane group with the heavier components trapped in the guard column. The total analysis time for each sample is 15 minutes. The base line is table for up to 15 consecutive analyses. The guard column and the injector port are then reconditioned by simply heating them for one hour at 300 °C.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention/structure and retention/temperature ; relationships ; Experimental design ; Enthalpy-entropy compensation ; para-Hydroxy benzoic esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An experimental design has been used to study the effect of column temperature on the gas chromatographic retention of eightpara-hydroxy benzoic esters. A rapid procedure has been developed to reduce the number of experiments compared with traditional methods. Capacity factors were determined and the enthalpy and entropy of transfer from the mobile phase to the stationary phase, ΔHo and ΔSo, respectively, were calculated using the linear Van't Hoff equation (dependence of ln k′ on 1/T). A retention prediction system (RPS) for these compounds in GC was investigated. The molecular connectivity index was used to describe the quantitative structure relationships. Enthalpy — entropy compensation revealed that the mechanism was similar for all the compounds studied.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Priority pollutants ; EPA methods ; Unleaded gasoline ; Volatile organochlorine compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The complete separation of the sixty volatile organochlorine (VOC) priority pollutants has been achieved by coupling two different liquid-modified adsorption chromatography columns. Two temperature programs were used to obtain the complete separation in a relatively short analysis time. Detection was by FID alone
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 93-97 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Adsorption effects ; Terpene alcohols ; Fused-silica capillary columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Retention indices of 6 selected hydroxy compounds (aliphatic and bicyclic alcohols, phenols) were determined on 2 HP-5 fused-silica, capillary columns with different film thicknesses (0.11 μm and 0.33 μm) at 8 different oven temperatures between 80 and 150°C. For some substances the I-T plot was found to show a minimum which cannot be explained by the common retention-index temperature-dependence in gas-liquid chromatography. This result is discussed in terms of adsorption at the liquid-solid interface of the capillary column.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary Phase and solute polarity ; Molecular structural coefficients ; Retention index ; Takács equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Molecular structural coefficients, Sc, for one hundred solutes have been calculated by means of the Takács equation using retention data obtained with over fifty stationary phases, SP. Employing data of seven SP's (characterized in our laboratories) it was found that the variation of Sc with column temperature was linear for most solutes. With data of n-decane and the ten McReynolds probes on up to fifty SP's of polarity less than RP=72, at 120°C, it was found that the Sc of n-decane and cis-hydrindane decreased slightly with increasing SP polarity, while the Sc of non-alkanes remained constant or increased very little as the SP polarity increased. The points for n-decane fit well to a second order polynomial. Again using a temperature of 120°C, the increments of Sc for solutes belonging to an homologous series were correlated with the polarity of SP's. Reasonably straight lines were obtained for all the chemical functions studied, Sc increasing with increasing SP polarity.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phase characterization ; Principal component analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In this study, several new stationary phases were characterized by principal component analysis. Fourteen new stationary phases, including substituted phenyl and oligoethyleneoxide functionalities on polysiloxane polymers, were tested and compared to three well known stationary phases. The main features of these phases were studied using a series of test solutes of varying chemical characteristics representing the data set for principal component analysis. Two principal compounds were found to account for 99.20% of the variance (the first accounted for 94.96% and the second for 4.24%). The data were represented as a two-dimensional map for visual representation of the characteristics of these stationary phases. The first principal component represented a selectivity based on polarity (r2=0.998), while the second showed Lewis acid-base characteristics of the phases. Polarizable and amphoteric characteristics of these phases also became evident using this evaluation method.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid-liquid extraction ; Supercritical fluid extraction ; Pesticides ; Freeze-dried water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The stability of freeze-dried water samples spiked with eight agrochemicals (atrazine, simazine, linuron, carbaryl, propanil, fenitrothion, parathion and fenamiphos) were examined to evaluate their suitability as candidate reference materials for their determination in water samples. In addition, two different extraction procedures, liquid-liquid and supercritical fluid extraction, were compared for the isolation and trace enrichment of target analytes from freeze-dried water samples. Final analytical determinations were by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection and electronic impact mass spectrometry, and by liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The whole methodology developed in this paper permitted the determination of pesticides spiked in water at levels varying from 0.03 to 6.9 μg L−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 624-628 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ion-trap detection ; Nitriles ; Cerelas ; Perfluoroacylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Bromoxynil and ioxynil have been determined inplants and soil by gas chromatography. These herbicides are extracted from soil samples with methylene chloride at acidic pH. Plant samples are extracted with a basic acqueous solution and extracts purified by solvent partitioning. Herbicide residues are submitted to perfluoroacylation prior to GC separation. These compoiunds are determined by ion-trap detection with single ion monitoring; N-(3-chloro-4 methyl-phenyl_ perfluoropropyl amide is used as internal standard. The detection limit of the method is near 0.001 μg g−1 for the samples studied. The proposed methods are sensitive and reproducible enough to allow determination of these herbicides at residue levels in plants and soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) ; Gas chromatography ; Pesticide residues ; Oxadixyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This work describes the study of a degradation curve of Oxadixyl in field-treated potato and tomato samples. The residues were extracted using classical and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods and analyzed by HRGC/ECD. The extraction techniques were compared and the results indicate the advantages of using SFE as an alternative method for pesticide analyses in these samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 706-712 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Short chain fatty acids ; Intestinal fluids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The quantification of short chain fatty acids in their free form, by gas chromatography, is the method of choice provided that the underivatized acids elute with good peak shape and reproducibility. In biological samples not only the highly polar acids themselves but also deposits of nonvolatile sample components may interact with the column or the packing material. As a result, the peak symmetry of the fatty acids and their reproducibility can become increasingly poor. Reduction of the nonvolatile matrix components by filtration of the sample has been examined in order to achieve direct analysis of the short chain fatty acids in intestinal samples by packed column GC. Membrane filter units (0.8 μm) allow a quick and simple filtration of the samples. This pretreatment reduces the peak tailing and the broadening of the peaks. The method, when applied to different intestinal samples, allowed the quantification of short chain fatty acids in hundreds of samples without derivatization. Good results are obtained at sample concentrations higher than 0.2 mmol l−1 for each acid.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 224-227 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; C1−C4 alkyl tert-butyl ethers ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The separation of C1−C4 alkyl tert-butyl ethers with the general formula (CH3)3C−O−R (R-alkyl substituent) on fused-silica capillary columns coated with dimethylsilicone and cyanopropylmethylsilicone stationary phases was investigated. Retention indices were determined at two temperatures in order to understand their chromatographic behaviour. The respective standard deviations were 0.3 and 0.5 i.u.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Organonitrogen pesticides ; Organophosphorus pesticides ; Apples ; Solvent extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method employing a capillary column and a selective nitrogen/phosphorus detector (NPD) has been developed for the determination of organophosphorus (OP) and organonitrogen (NP) pesticides in horticultural samples (apples). The separation of sixteen pesticides and the internal standard was performed in thirteen minutes. The analytical characteristics of the method, including linear response ranges, detection limits, and reproducibility, have been studied using a 1∶1 mixture of ethyl acetate and xylene as extraction solvent. The possibility of mutual interference between pesticides has also been studied. A procedure for the quantitative extraction of the sixteen pesticides from apple samples has also been developed; for fifteen of the pesticides recoveries 〉85% were obtained after 90 minutes extraction. The effect of different solvents both on recovery and on the sensitivity of the subsequent chromatography were also investigated. It was found that the sensitivity required must be considered when the solvent for sample treatment is selected.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 419-426 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Chirasil-Val ; Amino acid enantiomers ; N-Isobutyryl-cysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Free D-amino acids (D-AA) were detected as native constituents in juices of vegetables (cultivars of cabbage, tomato, carrot, garlic) and fruits (organes, clementine, grapefruit, lemon, apples, pear, grapes) using gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (LC). For investigation by GC, AA enantiomers were converted into theirN(O)-pentafluoropropionyl 2-propyl esters and resolved on a Chirasil-L-Val capillary column. For determination by LC, precolumn derivatization of AA enantiomers usingo-phthaldialdehyde together with the chiral thiolsN-isobutyryl-L-cysteine orN-isobutyryl-D-cysteine and fluorescence detection of the diastereomeric isoindole derivatives, resolvable on an octadecylsilyl stationary phase, were used. D-Ala (0.6–3.8%) was detected in all freshly pressed plant juices usually in the highest relative amounts. Other D-AA detected were D-Asx (0.1–1.9%), D-Glx (0–1.3%), D-Ser (0–1.7%), D-Arg (0.4–1.2%, in grapes, orange, grapefruit, and clementine) and D-Leu and D-Val (1% in cabbage). Absolute amounts of native D-AA were totally 28–57 μmol L−1 in fruit juices, 14.5 μmol L−1 in a tomato juice and 8.5 μmol L−1 in a carrot juice.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection (AED) ; Programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) ; Nitro musks ; Human adipose tissue ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Atomic emission detection (AED) has been successfully applied to the determination of nitro musks in the fat of human adipose tissue by gas chromatography at trace concentration levels. Element specific detection with the AED combined with a clean-up procedure for nonpolar substances makes target screening analysis for lipophilic nitro aromatic compounds possible for the first time. The lack of sensitivity, especially in the AED nitrogen and oxygen trace, was compensated by higher concentration of the extracts and injection of larger sample volumes performed by cold programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) in the solvent split mode. The combination of the superior quantification properties of the atomic emission detector with large sample volume introduction makes the quantification of nitro musks down to the ppb level possible. All five nitro musks investigated exhibit linear dynamic ranges going down close to instrumental limits of detection. Moreover, organochlorine compounds could be sensitively detected in the same sample extract by the AED chlorine trace without any interferences from coeluting matrix compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 457-462 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Flame photometric detector ; Pyrolyzer ; Sulfur boiling point distribution ; Light cycle oils ; Exponential dilution flask ; Low sulfur diesel ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed to determine the boiling point distribution of sulfur compounds in light cycle oils (LCO'S). The method chosen for this analysis was GC with a flame photometric detector (FPD) and pyrolyzer. Tests were carried out to evaluate the recovery efficiency, repeatability, and accuracy of the method. Repeatabilities within 2% were obtained. The recovery of benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes was close to 100%; this was important because these are the major sulfur components in LCO's. No hydrocarbon or solvent interferences were observed with the use of the pyrolyzer, even for a 95% solvent level. Comparison with results from other techniques showed that the method accurately determined the levels of sulfur compounds in the LCO boiling point range.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Size exclusion chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Coupled LC-GC ; Cleanup and analysis ; Automation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fully automated on-line sample cleanup system based on the coupling of size exclusion chromatography to high resolution gas chromatography is described. The transfer technique employed is based on fully concurrent solvent evaporation using a loop-type interface, early vapor exit and co-solvent trapping. Optimization of the LC-GC transfer was done visually via an all-glass oven door. To circumvent the problem of mixing within the injection loop, an adaptation was made to the standard loop-type interface. The determination of a series of additives in a polymer matrix is presented as one example of the vast range of applications opened up by this technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 22-28 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chiral separation ; Capillary column ; 2,6-Di-O-pentyl-3-O-propionyl-γ-cyclodextrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary 2,6-Di-O-pentyl-3-O-propionyl-γ-cyclodextrin has been synthesized and used for enantiomer separation in capillary gas chromatography. Experimental results showed that the stationary phase has good enantiomer selectivity toward amino acids, amines, alcohols, diols, epoxides, and lactones,etc. 2,6-Di-O-pentyl-3-O-propionyl-γ-cyclodextrin has good thermal stability: the highest recommended temperature isca 170°C.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pentachlorophenol residues ; Off-flavours ; Wines and corks ; Electrolytic conductivity detector/mass spectrometry ; detectors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic methodology with selective detection is presented for the analysis in wines and corks of pentachlorophenol residues, which are suspected to be the most likely precursors of some off-flavours described in several wine samples. After derivatisation, pentachlorophenol acetate residues were monitored by electrolytic conductivity detection and/or mass spectrometric detection in the selective ion mode at m/z 264 and 266. Recoveries varied from 80 to 96% for wine samples fortified with 5 to 100 μg l−1 and from 83 to 91% for corks (fortified at 25 to 100 μg kg−1). The proposed methodology allowed for a determination limit of μg l−1 for wine and 10 μg kg−1 for corks.
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  • 31
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    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 151-157 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; C5−C12 hydrocarbons in air ; Cryogenic focussing ; Thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A homemade cryogenic system derived from readily available material is described, illustrating its usage as an accessory for adsorption/thermal desorption chromatography. A small Chromsorb-W-HP packing (1 cm) was introduced into a deactivated precolumn as a cryofocussing, preconcentrating unit. This was able to retain the analyte which had been thermally desorpted from a Tenax TA sampling tube at a relatively higher temperature (−80°C∼−90°C), with the analyte also reinjected on the analytical column in a relatively narrow band. Average overall recoveries for 24 hydrocarbons tested were 97.5%. Cryofocussing enhanced sensitivity and improved resolution. Field studies at a petroleum industry site were carried out and the accessory proved to be useful for complex C5−C12 hydrocarbon analysis in ambient air.
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  • 32
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    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chiral / enantiomeric separation ; Amphetamine ; Methamphetamine ; Cyclodextrin-derivatized phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Enantiomeric separation of amphetamine and methamphetamine as achiral derivatives on 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-trifluoroacetyl-β-cyclodextrin, 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-trifluoroacetyl-γ-cyclodextrin and 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-propionyl-γ-cyclodextrin stationary phase in capillary gas chromatography is described. Trifluoroacetic anhydride and acetic anhydride were used as derivatizing reagents. Excellent precision was obtained for concentrations down to 0.1% / e.e. On 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-propionyl-γ-cyclodextrin the elution order of R,S-amphetamine was reversed when the derivatizing reagent was changed but could not be reversed on any of the other phase types.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Adsorption and partition columns in series ; Molecular sieves ; Isomers of benzene homologs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibility of using short gas chromatographic columns packed with different molecular sieves (silicalite and aluminophosphates), showing definite selectivity to para-isomeric compounds, in series with columns containing a liquid stationary phase was investigated. The molecular sieves were of different origin, while 1,2,3-tris (2-cyanoethoxy)propane (TCEP) and polyethylene glycol adipate (PEGA) were used as the liquid stationary phase. Ortho-, meta- and para-isomers of xylene, chlorotoluene and dichlorobenzene were chromatographed on these columns. It is shown that the best separation is obtained on a combined column with silicalite containing pure silica gel as the molecular sieve, and 10% PEGA as the liquid phase. Molecular sieves of aluminophosphate origin show only weak selectivity toward the para isomers.
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  • 34
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    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 71-73 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Spectinomycin ; Silylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic assay for spectinomycin hydrochloride is described. The method is based on that prescribed by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP XXII). The method involves silylation of spectinomycin hydrochloride; phenazone is used as an internal standard. Spectinomycin and phenazone have adequate stability under the prescribed conditions. The stationary phase is 3% OV-17 on Gaschrom Q 100–120 mesh. The selectivity of the proposed method is better than that of the GLC method described in the USP XXII.
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  • 35
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    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 645-648 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Headspace analysis ; Gonadotrophins ; Residual solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A headspace, gas chromatographic method for determining residual solvents in pharmaceutical products such as the gonadotrophin powders, has been developed. The method allows the determination of residual solvents by transferring the samples directly into a vial contianing 10 mL 2M sodium chloride; the analysis is carried out by sampling the headspace and separating by capillary gas chromatography using a programmedtemperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. The procedure described is simple, sensitive and reproducible. The lower limit of detection is 20 ppb for ethyl alcohol, 8 ppb for acetone and 0.5 ppb for diethyl ether.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Method validation ; Reggedness test ; Residual solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Ruggedness testing is performed on a gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of residual solvents in steroids. Eight experimental variables or factors which were expected to influence the quantitative results were selected. These factors were divided into two independent groups, i.e. four factors related to the injection process and four factors related to separation and detection. In order to determine interaction between factors and quadratic effects, a central composite design was selected for the set-up of the experiments. Because in the method an internal standard is used, relative peak area was used as response. A deviation of up to 2.5% per factor for the quantitative results was regarded as acceptable. Other responses studied are related to the system suitability. Observed main, quadratic and interaction effects were translated into rugged intervals of the experimental variables by graphical presentation. It was found that besides main effects significant interaction effects were present, for example between the temperature of the injector and the split-flow. Interaction effects can easily result in the reduction of the rugged intervals by a factor of 2. The calculated rugged intervals were compared with the precision of the instrument or factor settings in order to estimate the ruggedness of the factors. Eventually, the maximum effect of the variation in the instrument settings on the quantitative results regarding the precision of the factor settings was found to be only 2.2%. Overall, the method proved to be rugged for most factors, except for the split-flow of the injector for which the method was only rugged to a limited extent.
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  • 37
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 727-738 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hubbard model is rederived from a tight-binding band calculation, showing that, as long as parameters are properly chosen, the model is justified for calculating electronic properties of narrow-band systems. The treatment is extended by including correlations and it was found that bound solutions called dimers exist. The concept of dimers is found to be very powerful for understanding the unusual properties of heavy fermion systems. However, a Mott-Hubbard-like model may be required to calculate properties of high Tc cuprates. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 771-771 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 781-788 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio electronic structures calculations are reported for the four low-lying electronic states X 2B1, 2B2, 2A2, and 2A1 of the CH2NO2 radical. The geometric parameters for the ground-state X 2B1 are predicted by MRSDCI calculations with a double zeta plus polarization basis set. The vertical excitations energies for these electronic states are determined using MRSDCI/DZ+P calculations at the ground-state equilibrium geometry and in agreement with the recent experimental data obtained via PES of the CH2NO2- anion. The oscillator strenghts and the radiative lifetimes for these electronic states and the spin properties for the ground state are calculated based on the MRSDCI wave functions, predicting results in good agreement with available experimental data. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 789-804 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A many-fermion interacting system is investigated within the scenario of the Feynman path integral representation of quantum mechanics. Short-time propagator algorithms and a basis set, closely related to the coherent states, are used to obtain the many-body analytic propagator. A second-quantized Hamiltonian involving a restricted set of two-body interactions and the whole set of Coulomb interactions are separately and shown to lead to an exact and an approximate propagator, respectively. In the latter case, use of a grand canonical ensemble allows the grand partition function and the density operator matrix to be readily obtained. No further approximations are required in the calculation of the trace of the evolution operator involved in the evaluation of statistical expectation values. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 773-780 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of the determination of eigenvalues for two coupled Schrödinger equations is considered. A new method to solve this problem is presented. This method replaces the use of the wave functions (with unknown initial values) by eight canonical functions αij and βij (i = 1,2; j = 1,2) having well-defined initial values at an arbitrary “origin” r0. These functions are collected in four couples; each one is the solution of the given coupled equations. For a given E, an “eigenvalue functions” D(E) is defined by an analytical expression depending on αij (r) and βij (r) at r = 0 and r = ∞ only. The successive eigenvalues En of the given system are precisely the successive intersection of the graph D(E) with the E-axis. The present method eliminates the conventional use of wave function initial values as well as the conventional problem of the prior guess of the limit points; it determines these points automatically. It eliminates also the use of trial values for E and the need of iterations for its correction. The numerical application of a standard example used by Friedman and co-workers (1990) shows that the eigenvlues computed by the present method are highly accurate for low and high levels; the average relative discrepancy between computed and exact levels is about 3.4 × 10 -15 (this discrepancy never exceeds 1.6 × 10 -14), which is almost the precision of the computer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 805-816 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibrium geometry of some benzylidene, arylethylidene, and heterocyclic arylidene malononitriles has been calculated within the framework of the MNDO-MO formalism. Various structural factors are analyzed and discussed in terms of localized and delocalized MOS and π-interaction between methylene malononitrile (MMN) and aryl moieties. The possibility of charge transfer (CT) from aryl to MMN moieties has been examined. The presence of a heterocyclic ring introduces a small perturbation into the MMN nuclear frame. p-Substituents have a pronounced effect on the magnitude and direction of the dipole moment. The variation of ionization potentials and bond order with the Hammet σ p are examined and a straight-line relationship is obtained. The correlation between physiological activity and quantum mechanical properties is analyzed in terms of heat of formation, ionization potential, dipole moment, and charge density on the aryl ring. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 835-848 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A derivation of the linear response function for the Brueckner coupled cluster method is presented that enables the calculation of second-order molecular properties such as frequency-dependent polarizabilities. By using the Brueckner orbital variant of coupled cluster theory, the spurious pole structure inherent in the standard coupled cluster approach with orbital relaxation is avoided. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 817-833 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Contracted split valence 311 Gaussian basis sets optimized for the averaged relativistic effective potentials (AREP) of Christiansen et al. are developed for the main-group elements B—Ne, Al—Ar, and Ga—Kr. These triple-zeta basis sets are intended for use in valence-only molecular calculations with inclusion of correlation. The performance of the optimized basis functions is first analyzed in HF atomic calculations and compared with HF-limit results. Molecular calculations at the HF, MP2, and CISD levels of theory are performed for some selected diatomics, using these potentials and the optimized sets supplemented by one standard d-type polarization function. Results are reported for bond lenghts, harmonic vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, atomization energies, and ionization energies and compared with all-electron reference calculations and experimental data. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 46
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 879-881 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 21-42 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present work is dedicated to the introduction of a new single-center expansion method derived from the Barnett and Coulson approach leading to reliable numerical algorithms. The basic concept lies in the use of the integral representations of the modified Bessel functions Iλ+1/2 and Kλ+1/2, rather than employing their closed analytical expressions that are known to involve large numbers that usually make the numerical calculation worthless. It is applied to two-center overlap and Coulomb integrals as well as to three-center nuclear attraction integrals useful in density functional theory. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rules for molecular cyclicity based on the global indices resulting from reciprocal distances (Harary number, H) or from resistance distances (Kirchhoff number, Kf) were tested in comparison with those elaborated earlier by means of the Wiener index, W. The Harary number and the Wiener number were found to match molecular cyclicity in an almost identical manner. The Kirchhoff number also generally follows cyclicity trends described previously. H is slightly less degenerate than is W, but Kf has practically no degeneracy in the graphs investigated here. Being much more discriminating than the Wiener number (i.e., practically nondegenerate), Kf allowed the formulation of new rules for systems formed from linearly condensed ribbons of even-membered rings with different sizes as well as for branched ribbons. The topological cyclicity patterns are thus reformulated in an extended basis, proceeding from three different graph metrics. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 43-53 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pairon population analysis based on the geminal expansion of pair densities is introduced and applied. As demonstrated by numerical data calculated for a series of simple molecules by the semiempirical MNDO method, the resulting populations provide a new simple means of visualizing the molecular structure. In addition to the reproduction of classical structural formula including the multiplicity of individual bonds, the resulting populations confirm the transferability of bond energies and also provide a simple interpretation of the concept of quantum chemical valence. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 55-67 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the present article, improved algorithms for evaluating the irreducible representations of the symmetric group associated with an arbitrary partition, such as the orthogonal, the natural, and the seminormal representation, are introduced and the relations among them are discussed. With the new algorithms, a representation matrix for the orthogonal or the seminormal representation is expressed as the product of three matrices, where two of them are the triangular intrinsic matrices depending on the irreducible representation of the symmetric group; the other relating to the permutation can be given explicitly. Furthermore, we give a concise description for the irreducible representations of the symmetric group and reach an interesting conclusion that the conjugation transformation matrix between the orthogonal and the natural representation is the intrinsic matrix of the symmetric group. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 69-90 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations at 6-31G**, 6-31++G**, and MP2/6-31G** levels were performed on disilyl-fluoronium, (SiH3)2F+, with the SiH3 group eclipsed or staggered. Optimized geometries, total energies, dipole moments, atomic charges, electronic density, and vibrational frequencies were computed. The results were compared with calculated structural parameters and vibrational frequencies of H3SiF, H2SiF+, H2SiF-, and H4SiF+ ions. The basis-set effects were studied. Several thermochemistry parameters - ZPE, thermal energy, rotational constants, and entropies - were also calculated. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 91-91 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between ketene and allene to form methylene-cyclobutanones has been studied theoretically by HF/3-21G and MP2/3-21G. These two reactions are believed to be unsynchronous and concerted, taking place through the twisted transition states. Four orbitals are mainly involved in each reaction, which is a “2 × [1 + 1]”-type cycloaddition. The activated barrier for the two reactions are 27.2 and 27.1 kcal/mol, respectively, at the level of MP2/6-31G* based on the MP2/3-21G geometries, i.e., these two reactions are compatible. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 101-107 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The derivation of the connected moments expansion (CMX) is examined as well as the singularities that arise in the series expansion for the ground-state energy. Explicit analytic results are presented that show a canceling of these singularities. Also, an alternate moments expansion (AMX) is derived that closely models the CMX but displays a varied computational range. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 58
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have extended our computations of the structure and of the infrared and Raman spectra of methylphosphonates and related compounds to the O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethylmethylphosphonothiolate molecule (we abbreviate the name to ESD). We have computed the optimized geometry and the vibrational infrared and Raman frequencies of ESD by means of the Guassian 92 Program Package using 6-31G* basis sets. We assign the vibrational frequencies and we correct each frequency by multiplying it with a previously derived 6-31G* correction factor. The result is a computer-generated prediction of the IR and Raman spectra of ESD. The agreement between our theoretical predictions and the experimental IR spectrum of ESD is surprisingly good. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of B14, B142-, and B14H142- in octahedral symmetry has been investigated by ab initio calculations at the STO-3G and 4-31G levels. The relationship of molecular orbitals among them has been analyzed and it can be found that the number of valence bonding orbitals of high borane obeys the Wade rule. The similarities and difference between boron clusters and carbon clusters are also discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 189-196 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The valence bond method has been implemented for the study of π-electron systems using a semiempirical CNDO-type Hamiltonian. The algorithm used is based on the Clifford algebra realization of the Rumer-Weyl basis presented by Paldus et al. Using this version of the CNDO-VB approach, the effect of the metal hybridization in the electronic delocalization of metallacyclobutadienes is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the virial theorem and the virial function, a description of the orbital binding effect and the definition of orbital bond order are developed within the framework of molecular orbital theory for both diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Orbital binding effect calculations for N2, CH4, C2H4, C2H2, and C4H4 molecules show that the definition is reasonable. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Catalysts based on oxides of transition metals were studied by Xα-DV calculations. The chemical composition and electronic structure of surface layers for platinum(IV) oxide catalysts modified under percompound electrosynthesis were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, quantum chemical, and electrochemical data. The main regularities in electronic structure change under the transition from solid pure oxide PtO2 to its, in part, N-substituted PtO2-xNx were analyzed. Then, we looked for perspective catalysts, calculating the electronic structure for analogous compounds of Ir(III), Ir(IV), Rh(III), and Pd(II). We found that the changes in electronic structure of rhodium oxide under O - N-substitution allowed us to predict the excellent properties of its compound as a catalyst for percompound electrosynthesis reactions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 207-231 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article, we demonstrate a complementarity between the quasi-spin SU(2) algebra of the Hubbard model and the pseudo-orthogonal group O(m,m), where n = 2m is the number of lattice sites. It is shown that all N-electron states for the one-dimensional Hubbard model, corresponding to given values of spin and quasi-spin, give rise to an irreducible representation of O(m,m). Moreover, the cyclic group Cn symmetry of the Hamiltonian is investigated and the O(m,m) ↓ Cn branching rules are determined with the use of the U(n) q-dimension formula. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the EHMO approach, an approximate treatment of electronic energy-band structures is suggested. By employing this treatment, computations of the band structures for the Al-doped superconductors YBa2Cu3-xAlxO7 + δ were carried out. It is shown by analysis of the band structures and the density of states that the 2D Cu-O planes in the Y—Ba-Cu—O superconducting system play a dominant role in superconductivity, whereas the 1D Cu—O ribbons have indirectly an influence on superconductivity through the connection of the O(4) atoms to two Cu—O planes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 243-271 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The superdirect configuration interaction (Sup-CI) method has the usual versatility and stability of the CI methods with computational efficiency typical to that of the many-body methods, such as the many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). The Hamilton operator is projected into a space of a few trial vectors, such as Krylov, Nesbet, or Møller-Plesset correction vectors. In this space, Hamiltonian matrix elements may be directly computed in the many-body fashion, as weighted sums of integral products over orbital indices. The variation-perturbation method based on the first-order wave function is equivalent to the Sup-CI method with a single correction vector of the Møller-Plesset type. Different points of view on the superdirect CI method are discussed and a version in which third-order contributions are computed for a relatively small (10-100) space of reference and correction vectors is tested. Selection of the best “effective first-order spaces” and size-extensivity corrections in Sup-CI are briefly discussed. Møoller-Plesset, Epstein-Nesbet, and other correction vectors are included in the model calculations on the symmetric stretch of bonds in water, acetylene, and the NH2 molecule. Errors are almost independent of molecular geometry and the method appears to be superior than the multireference second-order perturbation methods. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 273-277 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An isodesmic energy analysis has been carried out at the MP2/6-31G*//HF/3-21G level for the nonplanar ground state (1) of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctateraene and for two planar forms, one having complete π delocalization (2) and the other having alternating single and double bonds (3). 1 is found to have a considerable degree of stabilization, which is attributed to limited π delocalization. The polyene 3 is the more stable of the two planar forms; it is a transition state in the inversion between two possible nonplanar structures. 2 is found to be a triplet at the Hartree-Fock level and is a critical point on an alternate pathway between the two possible arrangements of alternating single and double bonds in 3. Both 2 and 3 have negative isodesmic energies, indicating the presence of stabilizing factors. Our results for 3 show that an “antiaromatic” system need not necessarily show a net destabilization. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 68
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 279-292 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio configuration interaction (CI) calculations have been performed for the O2 + H2 complex in a trapezoidlike collision arrangement with C2v symmetry. The potential energy surfaces of the four lowest states of this van der Waals complex (arising from the X3 Σg-, a1 Δg, and b1 Σg+ states of the oxygen moiety), as well as the collision-induced b1 Σg+ - a1 Δg electric dipole transition moment (Mb-a), have been analyzed for different CI expansions, using as a reference determinant the restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock (ROHF) function for the ground state of the complex H2(X1 Σg+) + O2(X3 Σg-). The geometry optimized at the ROHF/6-311G** level was refined by a partial optimization at the CI level scanning the intermolecular distance. The equilibrium distances for the X, a, and b states have been found to be a slightly different in the region 3.02-2.98 Å. The larger binding energy of the b1 Σg+ state (2.96 kJ/mol) in comparison with the a1 Δg (2.1 kJ/mol) and ground X3 Σg- states (1.35 kJ/mol) presumably could be explained as resulting from charge-transfer interactions. A good convergence of the calculated transition moment Mb-a for the larger CI expansions (approximately 50,000 configuration-state functions) has been obtained. The calculated collision-induced intensity of the b1 Σg+-a1 Δg and a1 Δg-X3 Σg- transitions in molecular oxygen are in reasonable agreement with recent experimental data for several foreign gases. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 293-315 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coefficients of fractional parentage (CFP), treated by tradition as antisymmetrizing multipliers, do not exist as such in the second-quantization representation, because, therein, by definition, there is nothing to antisymmetrize. This by no way means that the above-mentioned representation is less relevant in theoretical atomic spectroscopy than is any other one. On the contrary, all the well-known mathematical apparatus is still successfully applied, alongside with numerous new useful features. Moreover, the analysis presented here yields some results not so obvious from the point of view of the coordinate representation, namely, the consequent application of the second-quantization representation led us to an expansion of many-shell wave functions employing analogs of many-shell CFP, which appeared to be considerably simpler than the traditional CFP expansion. Also, a generalization of Redmond's formula for the case of many-shell CFP and a straightforward method of deriving summation rules for products of CFP are clear in the second-quantization representation and are sketched here. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50 (1994), S. 317-332 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a systematic comparison of the correlation contribution at the level of the second-order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and MP2 to the static dipole polarizability of (1) Be, BeH-, BH, CH+, MgH-, AIH, SiH+, and GeH+; (2) BH3, CH4, NH3, H2O, HF, BF, and F2; and (3) N2, CO, CN-, HCN, C2H2, and HCHO. Fairly extended basis sets were used in the calculations. We find that the agreement with experimental values is improved in SOPPA and MP.2 over the results at the SCF level. The signs and magnitudes of the correlation contribution in SOPPA are similar to those obtained in analytical derivative MP2 calculations. However, it is not possible to say, in general, which method gives the largest correlation contribution or the best agreement with experiment, nor is it possible to make a priori prediction of the sign of the correlation contribution. For the first group of molecules, which have a quasi-degenerate ground state, additional CCDPPA and CCSDPPA calculations were performed and compared with polarizabilities obtained as analytical/numerical derivatives of the CCD and CCSD energies. The CCSDPPA results were found to be in better agreement with other calculations than were the SOPPA results, demonstrating the necessity of using methods based on infinite-order perturbation theory for these systems. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 72
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 51 (1994), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Within the framework of the AMO-EHF approximation for the Hubbard model, it is shown that the band gap ΔE of an arbitrary regular alternant 1D π-system (polymer), having a singlet ground state, is different from zero, i.e., the ground state is a dielectric one. At least one of the three components of the energy gap - the topological, Δtop; the geometrical, Δgeom; or the correlation, Δcorr (combined via the equation ΔE = {Δcorr2 + (Δtop + Δgeom))2}1/2 - is different from zero. Numerical results for several 1D alternant polymers with conjugated π-systems are given. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 51 (1994), S. 211-224 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first nonrelativistic lower bound to the ground state of the lithium atom is give with E0 〉 -7.47816 au using the method of variance minimization and an extension of Temple's formula. With large Hylleraas-CI basis sets, high-precision upper bounds and isotope shifts are calculated for the three lowest 2S states of the lithium atom, which are best to date. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 177-189 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the Hartree-Fock and MP2 methods with bases of up to 6-31++G(2d, 2p) quality, the optimum geometry of the 1:2 and 2:1 (H2O)n… (HF)m complexes of water and hydrogen fluoride is searched in a systematic way. Two minimum-energy conformations are found for the 1:2 complex connected through a low-energy transition state. For the 2:1 complex, only one minimum-energy structure is obtained. The analysis of the geometries of the minima and their vibrational frequencies shows that none of them can be used to explain the existence of the H …F—H reverse complex detected experimentally. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 227-245 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dynamical behavior of simple nonrigid molecules still attracts much interest both from experimentalists and theoreticians. On the one hand, modern laser-spectroscopic techniques like SEP allow for the detection of highly excited vibrational-rotational states of a molecule, and advanced theoretical methods, on the other hand, are more and more able to calculate accurate potential energy surfaces and to simulate the intramolecular dynamics. The aim of the present article was to contribute to the understanding of the dynamical properties of simple floppy molecules by means of a comparative study of the two triatomics HCN and HO2. Continuing our earlier work, we start from an analysis of the potential energy surface topography, then we investigate the classical dynamical behavior and the localization of the quantum states. Several conclusions of probably more general validity are drawn. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 267-280 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The elongation method, a theoretical tool to synthesize the electronic states of polymers, is applied within the framework of the density functional approach and using a linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals. In this treatment, the wave function of a cluster is localized and the interaction with an attacking monomer is self-consistently calculated according to the Kohn-Sham equation. The reliability and the applicability of our treatment are examined by the application to a random hydrogen molecule cluster, comparing the results with those obtained by the usual diagonalization method for the whole system. The results show that this treatment efficiently provides the electronic states of the end part of aperiodic polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 301-308 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach to the description of the formation of spherulites in a polymer solution is proposed. It is based on an analytical scheme that takes into account the mass conservation law as a fundamental evolution equation. Three physically interesting cases are considered, both which, on deterministic and stochastic levels, can reflect an asymptotic behavior characteristic for spherulites, namely, R(t) ∝ t, where R(t) is a radius of the spherulite measured at instant t. A few examples of systems similar to that under study are mentioned. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 309-319 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An elongation method, which had already been proposed to calculate the electronic structure of aperiodic polymer efficiently, was applied to atactic polypropylene, with the approximation level of the extended Hückel method. The atomic populations thus calculated were found to be dependent sensitively on the tacticity of the polymer. Next, this elongation method was applied to the π-electron stacking system composed of ethylene and butadiene, etc. Excellent agreement was found between the elongation method and the usual extended Hückel calculations. Thus, the elongation method can confidently be applied to π-electron molecular crystal systems. Finally, the local density of states of polyacetylene with both cis-transoid and trans-cisoid structures was calculated. We found that the site with large local density of state in the valence band of a polymer chain gives large electron transfer to the site with large local density of state in the conduction band of another polymer chain. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 339-352 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modifications of Witten-Sander diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) were proposed. Effects caused by releasing boundary shape, nonfixed seed, and rotating biased drift on the morphology of the resulting DLA were examined. The diffusion-limited reaction on surfaces of DLA were also studied by performing a multifractal scaling analysis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 425-435 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The multiparticle correlation expansion for the entropy of a classical monatomic liquid is presented. This entropy expresses the physical picture in which there is no free particle motion, but, rather, each atom moves within a cage formed by its neighbors. The liquid expansion, including only pair correlations, gives an excellent account of the experimental entropy of most liquid metals, of liquid argon, and of the hard-sphere liquid. The pair correlation entropy is well approximated by a universal function of temperature. Higher-order correlation entropy, due to n-particle irreducible correlations for n ≥ 3, is significant in only a few liquid metals, and its occurrence suggests the presence of n-body forces. When the liquid theory is applied to the study of melting, we discover the important classification of normal and anomalous melting, according to whether there is not or is a significant change in the electronic structure upon melting, and we discover the universal disordering entropy for melting of a monatomic crystal. Interesting directions for future research are extension to include orientational correlations of molecules, theoretical calculation of the entropy of water, application to the entropy of the amorphous state, and correlational entropy of compressed argon. We clarify the relation among different entropy expansions in the recent literature. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 673-680 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibrium geometry and UV-visible spectra of C70 were examined using semiempirical INDO/2 and INDO/CI methods. The results obtained are in good accord with experimental results. On the basis of correct electronic spectra, calculations of the nonlinear third-order optical susceptibility (γijkl) of C70 were performed using the INDO/SDCI method combined with a sum-over-states expression. The calculated value for 〈γ〉 (-2 ω, ω, ω, O) is 0.882 × 10-33 esu (ω = 1.91 μm), which is in good agreement with observation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 63-66 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 67-80 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The screened-Coulomb exchange model used first in the Xα method and later on in Kohn-Sham density functional theory is reexamined. Based on the well-elaborated framework of the local spin-density approximation, we show that this model is not well suited when systems with a finite number of electrons are concerned, because it does not respect the pair-density sum rule. A proper modification of the model is proposed by reformulating it in terms of a screened-exchange hole and ensuring the sum rule for this hole. As a result, it is shown how the static screened exchange in finite systems is accompanied by a conjugate antiscreened one. The possible consequences of this effect on the application of the screened-Coulomb exchange model are discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 81-86 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A formula of the coefficient aN-K of the eigenpolynomials connected with the zero-order term's coefficient of the eigenpolynomials corresponding the k-order-induced subgraph's molecular fragments has been induced. From this formula, aN-K can be calculated and the contributions of the induced subgraph's molecular fragments to the stability and reactivity of the molecules are revealed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 87-95 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The concept of internal connectivity associates to each eigenvector of the molecular graph a graph with signed edges. We show that the respective edge signs can be deduced without knowing the graph eigenvectors. The dependence of the edge signs on molecular structure is elucidated. The sign of an edge whose end vertices are νr and νs is found to be the result of separate interactions through all paths connecting the vertices νr and νs. The analysis of the edge signs is particularly simple in the case of acyclic systems. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 97-104 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy levels of small titanium oxide clusters [(TiO2)2, and (TiO2H)3, and (TiO2H)2] have been calculated using ab initio SCF methods. Both crystal and relaxed geometries have been considered. Systematic changes in the valencelevel structure resulting from geometry relaxation are found, which may be related to band-gap changes experimentally observed for small titanium oxide particles. In addition, a Ti—OH local surface state is found to be well described within a limited cluster model. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 145-146 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 147-157 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-pair (intracule and extracule) densities of the first-row hydrides may be understood on the basis of the different chemical-bonding schemes in this series. Thus, the LiH pair densities show a strongly ionic nature and may be fairly well described by Li+H-. The CH-pair densities, on the other hand, may be approximated by the promolecular superposition of a carbon and a hydrogen atom with an accumulation of pair density in the internuclear region signifying covalency. In the case of FH, its pair densities show a predominately ionic structure and are closer to those of F- than to those of the promolecular superposition of a fluorine and a hydrogen atom. The slight deformation of longitudinal pair densities observed in FH is largely due to the presence of the H+. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 91
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 185-195 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As the representative point on an electronic energy surface moves along any closed level curve, the corresponding electronic eigenvectors behave as does the normal to a Moebius strip when its foot is moved around the strip. This introduces a topology into the space of eigenvectors that is not envisaged in the definition of Hilbert space, but is fundamental to molecular quantum mechanics. Salient properties of these “non-Hilbertian” vector spaces are established. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 253-277 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article addresses the chemical aspects of electronegativity: (1) What is its present status in the chemical community? (2) What are the necessary chemical criteria for a quantitative definition? (3) To what extent do contemporary proposals satisfy these criteria? (4) What connection can be made between the traditional free-atom scales and an in situ electronegativity appropriate for a particular atom in a specific molecule or solid? A longstanding special feature of electronegativity has been the seeming inability to measure it in the laboratory and this aspect proves to be a key to its definition. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 279-290 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Germanium chemical shifts were studied theoretically by the ab initio molecular orbital method. The compounds studied were GeMe4-xClx and GeMe4-xHx(x = 0-4). The calculated values of the germanium chemical shifts agreed well with the available experimental values. The germanium chemical shift is due to the p-electron mechanism that reflects the ligand electronic effect on the p-p* excitation term in the second-order paramagnetic term. For GeMe4-xHx, the chemical shift is almost linear to the number of the ligand, x. On the other hand, a U-shaped dependence is predicted for the chemical shifts of the GeMe4-xClx series and is shown to be caused by the strong and nonadditive electron-withdrawing ability of the Cl ligand. The diamagnetic contribution is relatively small for the chemical shift and is determined solely by a structural factor. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 94
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 291-298 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the first time, we obtain practical density matrices approximately N-representable by correlated-determinant wave functions, which are functionals of the electron density and entirely defined by information obtainable from the X-ray coherent diffraction experiment. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 95
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 239-251 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical binding is modeled through interatomic charge transfer and accumulation of electron density at the bond center using the concepts of electronegativity and hardness parameters defined for the bond region. The generalized electronegativity and hardness parameters for the up- and down-spin electrons are also defined within the framework of spin-polarized density functional theory, leading to the formulation of covalent binding in molecules in terms of a two-way flow of unpaired electrons between the atoms. The associated energy changes corresponding to these descriptions are shown to provide quite accurate predictions of bond energies for simple heteronuclear diatomic molecules. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 96
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 993-1010 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We calculate the first ionization potential of atoms (3 ≤ Z ≤ 54) by means of a nonlocal density functional approach and the results are compared with those obtained using other recent density functional approaches based on density gradients. In these calculations, we use a nonlocal weighted spin-density approximation of exchange effects and a local spin-density approximation of Coulomb correlation, both based on novel forms of the pair-correlation functions. We also calculate the total energies of the He, Be, and Ne isoelectronic series. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 97
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 321-342 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the density functional theory as the underlying framework, the modeling of the ground-state density p(r), using fragments or bonds as appropriate, is considered in both free molecules and in some condensed phases. Emphasis is placed on bringing the models into contact with both first-principles quantum mechanics and available diffraction experiments. Clusters of alkali metals are specifically referred to, since cluster science affords a bridge between the quantum chemistry of small molecules and condensed phases. Finally, amorphous silicon and both solid and liquid alkali metals are considered. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 98
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 353-361 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spin virial theorem is derived in the density functional theory. The theorem establishes a relation between the differences of spin-up and -down kinetic and potential energies. The theorem is useful for checking the accuracy of spin orbitals. As an illustration, the example of the Xα method is studied. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 99
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 343-352 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the truncation errors resulting from the numerical integration on the accuracy of the calculation results in the DV-Xα method is analyzed and it is shown that evaluating the overlap integrals analytically or adopting orthogonalized basis sets can reduce the errors on the density matrices to the second order. An approach to improve the calculation accuracy of the total energy is proposed based on the error analysis. The calculation results for several molecules are presented to demonstrate the conclusion. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 100
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 49 (1994), S. 363-369 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Semiempirical MOPAC RHF/PM3 and BIRADICAL/PM3 calculations are performed on several selected analogs of the Neocarzinostatin chromophore. The critical distance parameter, heat of formation, and pertinent bond orders are reported for each model compound. Heats of reaction are also reported for the cyclization of several model compounds to their corresponding diradical products. It is suggested that 3.49 ÅR represents an upper bound to the critical distance in the cyclization of compound related to Neocarzinostatin chromophore. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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