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  • 2020-2022
  • 1965-1969  (13)
  • 1960-1964  (11)
  • 1920-1924
  • Phosphorus
  • Polymerization
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intravenous vitamin D on bone and phosphate metabolism in osteomalacia (1969)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 78-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcification ; Osteomalacia ; Phosphorus ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effects d'une dose de 1 mg de vitamine D3 (40 000 Unités,) administrée par voie intra-veineuse, ont été étudiés sur l'histologie osseuse et le métabolisme du phosphore chez 19 sujets contrôles dont l'histologie était normale et 28 malades présentant les caractères histologiques de l'ostéomalacie par carence vitaminique D. L'administration de la vitamine D n'a entraîné aucune modification histologique ou biologique significative chez les sujets contrôles. Mais chez les ostéomalaciques, il est apparu en moins de sept jours une augmentation très significative du front de calcification à l'interface tissue-ostéoïde-tissue-calcifié. Cette modification s'accompagnait d'une ascension progressive de la phosphatémie et de la réabsorption tubulaire du phosphore atteignant dans le même délai des valeurs normales.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 19 Patienten mit normaler Knochenhistologie und bei 28 Patienten mit histologisch gesicherter Osteomalacie wurde die Wirkung von 1 mg Vitamin D3 (40000 Iv) i.v. auf die Knochenhistologie und den Phosphatmetabolismus untersucht. Bei den Kontrollpatienten konnten keine signifikanten Änderungen nach Vitamin D festgestellt werden, wogegen die Osteomalacie-patienten innerhalb von 7 Tagen eine deutliche Zunahme der Verkalkungszone an der Grenze zwischen Osteoid- und Knochengewebe zeigten. Diese Änderung war von einer fortschreitenden Zunahme des Serum-Phosphates, verbunden mit einer gesteigerten renalen tubulären Rückabsorption des Phosphates begleitet; beide kehrten anschließend gleichzeitig wieder zur Norm zurück.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a 1 mg dose of intravenous Vitamin D3 (40,000 i.u.) on bone histology and phosphate metabolism was investigated in 19 patients with normal bone histology and 28 patients with histological evidence of osteomalacia. No significant changes occurred in the control patients after Vitamin D but the patients with osteomalacia showed a marked increase, within seven days, in the proportion of osteoid having a calcification front. This was accompanied by a progressive rise in the serum phosphate, which was associated with an increase in the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate to normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus. From Elemental Light to Chemical Element (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 660-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; History of chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Exactly 300 years ago in the city of Hamburg, a certain Hennig Brand, self-styled doctor medicinae, and chymist, discovered a strange substance in human urine, which was later called phosphorus (light bearer), a name then common to various luminous substances, and which created much excitement in the latter years of the 17th century on account of its properties. However, it was not Brand who profited from the discovery but others: Johann Daniel Krafft, Johann Kunckel, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, men who knew only too well how to exploit the weaknesses of the discoverer. “Cold fire”, Brand's own name for the new substance, was originally regarded as elemental light or fire, and it was not until the conception of the antiphlogistic theory by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier that the proper position of phosphorus among the chemical elements was recognized. In fact, the element played a decisive role in the overthrow of the phlogiston doctrine, a little over one hundred years after its discovery and almost two hundred years ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196906601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and Properties of Medium and High Molecular Weight Compounds of Elements of Groups 3, 4, and 5Lecture at the Conference of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte e.V. in Vienna on September 27th, 1966. (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Silicon ; Boron nitride ; Phosphorus ; Polymers ; Silicic acid ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The differences between compounds of carbon and of silicon are discussed, and the role of silicon as a fundamental structural component in inanimate nature is described. Starting with silicic acid and silicates, the structure and properties of the silicones and of compounds having Si—C—Si skeletons are described. The possibilities for the formation of high molecular-weight compounds between elements of Groups 3 and 5 of the periodic system are considered, with particular reference to boron nitride and to aluminum-phosphorus compounds.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196800011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SE(P): Electrophilic Substitution at PhosphorusThe following notation is used in this article: SE1 and SE2 for monomolecular and bimolecular eletrophilic substitution respectively. The symbol and number in brackets after these symbols denote substrate atom and its coordination number: P-3 is X3P, P-4 is X3P = Y, P⊕-4 is (phosphonium) X4P⊕, P-5 is X5P; X can be any atom or group of atoms and Y is normally O, S, Se, NR, or CR2. (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 606-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electrophilic reactions ; Substitution ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions belonging to the formal category of electrophilic substitutions at phosphorus are classified according to mechanism and the coordination number of the phosphorus atom.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196806061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in Radiation Polymerization (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 845-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Previously it was generally assumed that high energy radiation could only initiate radical polymerization in solutions of monomers. However, examples of radiation-induced polymerization have recently become known that proceed via an ionic mechanism. Thus, solutions of a monomer can be polymerized ionically, preferably in the presence of a solid, at low temperatures. Suprisingly, this may also be accomplished with ultra-pure, mainly anhydrous systems, even at room temperature. The nature of the ions has not yet been fully elucidated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196808451
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization during Polymerization (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 912-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Crystal growth ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simultaneous as well as successive polymerization and crystallization is possible. While crystallization after polymerization usually produces folded chain lamellar crystals, crystallzation during polymerization frequently produces fibrillar extended chain crystals.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196809121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Active Species in Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalysts for the Polymerization of EthyleneExtended version of a lecture delivered at the “Makromolekulares Kolloquium”, Freiburg, in March 1967. (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 790-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ziegler-Natta catalysts ; Catalysis ; Polymerization ; Polyethylene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cp2TiCl2 and Cp2TiEtCl (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, Et = ethyl), in combination with aluminum alkyls, have been studied as model catalyst systems for the polymerization of ethylene in toluene. The activity of these systems resides in the presence of a complex molecule involving an alkylated Ti(IV) and an alkylated Al species, linked together by chlorine bridge bonds. The environment of the Ti is of octahedral symmetry with one vacant site available for the coordination of ethylene. The bridged Al-alkyl causes a destabilization of the Ti-alkyl bond (“trans effect”), thus rendering it active for polymerization. The reduction Ti(IV) → Ti(III), inevitable in these systems, involves the irreversible change from octahedral to tetrahedral symmetry with loss of the catalytic activity. Polymerization and reduction are supposed to occur at the same catalyst site. Magnetic methods (susceptibility and EPR) as well as the kinetics of polymerization were used in the investigation of these catalyst systems.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196707901
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of TrioxaneDelivered in part as a lecture at the Institut für Chemie und Technologie der Plaste der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Leipzig (June 22nd, 1966), and at Kyoto University (Japan) (October 5th, 1966). (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 526-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Trioxane ; Polyoxymethylene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A survey of the possible modes of polymerization of trioxane is followed by a discussion of current ideas concerning the course of the polymerization. The polymerization, which involves ring cleavage, is characterized by a number of side reactions of the growing polyoxymethylene cations, such as chain transfer, transacetalization, and hydride shift. These reactions not only determine the nature of the end groups and the molecular weight of the resulting polyoxymethylenes, but are also responsible for their chemical and molecular uniformity. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the monomeric formaldehyde formed during the polymerization of trioxane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196705261
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compounds of Phosphorus with Silicon and AluminumDedicated to Prof. W. Klemm on the occasion of his 70th birthday (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Phosphorus ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation and properties of silicon-phosphorus and aluminum-phosphorus compounds are described. Silylphosphines are decomposed solvolytically by H2O, C2H5OH, NH3, hydrogen halides, C2H5I, and boron halides at the Si—P bond; decomposition may be preceded by formation of an addition compound. Extensive side reactions during the reaction of halogenosilanes with LiPEt2The following abbreviations are used in this paper: Et = C2H5; Me = CH3; M = alkali metal (formation of Et2P—PEt2, HPEt2, Si-rich residues) are due to an excess of LiPEt2 in the reaction mixture. The reaction of LiPEt2 with AlCl3, AlHCl2, and AlH2Cl leads to definite aluminum-phosphorus compounds if only one PEt2 group is present per Al atom, e.g. in (Cl2Al-PEt2)3, or if salts such as Li[Al(PEt2)4] and Li[AlH2(PEt2)2] can be formed with an excess of LiPEt2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196600531
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allyl-Transition Metal SystemsDedicated to Prof. K. Freudenberg on the occasion of his 80th birthday (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Allyl transition metal systems ; Bis(allyl)nickel ; Nickel ; Polymerization ; Alkenes ; Allylic ligands ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a continuation of a report published in 1963, recent results in the field of allyl-transition metal complexes are describedThe term “allyl compounds” in the present paper refers not only to compounds containing the simple allyl group (CH2=CH—CH2—), but also to those that contain substituted allyl groups or allyl groups forming part of a ring system.. Syntheses and reactions of these compounds, as well as the bonding between metal and allyl group, are discussed. Allyl-transition metal complexes form the basis of extremely selective catalysts for homogeneous reactions of 1, 3-diolefins and of olefins; the metal atoms in these “matrix” catalysts are either “bare”The description “bare” is applied to complexed metal atoms from which the ligands can be quantitatively displaced by the substances taking part in catalytic reactions. or are bound to only a few ligands.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196601511
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Color and Constitution of Azo Compounds (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 457-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Color ; Azo compounds ; Azobisphosphoric acid ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts to explain the surprising violet color of the new azobisphosphonic acid derivatives Y2OP—N=N—POY2 have led to the preparation and spectroscopic characterization of more than 60 azo compounds. The long-wavelength n → π* transitions on which the color depends exhibit regularities which justify the assumption of substitutent-specific absorption increments. The complex relation between color and constitution of azo compounds can be qualitatively explained with the aid of orbital models. Infrared and ultraviolet spectral data show that conjugation is inhibited by tetra-coordinated phosphorus (V). the π-system of these compounds therfore comprises only for atoms, P·N·N·P. The unexpected violet color of the phosphorus azo compounds can be ascribed to a π*/d orbital interaction. The substituent effects described have general significance, and n→π*transitions of other chromophores are similarly affected.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196504571
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocycles Containing Phosphorus (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1023-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of heterocycles containing phosphorus is described. The chemical behavior of ring systems containing trivalent phosphorus is mainly determined by their phosphine character; heterocyclic behavior in the ordinary sense is shown by rings containing functional groups. Syntheses and reactions of cyclic compounds of pentavalent and hexavalent phosphorus are particularly interesting.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196510231
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Products of Reaction of Organometallic Compounds with Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, and Phosphorus (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1007-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sulfur ; Selenium ; Tellurium ; Phosphorus ; Organometallic compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bond fission of molecular sulfur, selenium, and tellurium by lithiotriphenylmetal compounds (of Ge, Sn, Pb) is summarized. The products are suitable as starting materials for synthesis of new “ether analogues”. Transphenylation with tetraphenylstannane is interpreted as a high-temperature variant of the usual fission of chalcogen molecules by nucleophilic reagents. In principle, transphenylation can be applied also to other elements, as is illustrated for phosphorus. In the syntheses achieved, many of the tin-phosphorus compounds arising as intermediates can be isolated.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196510071
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of Tetradentate Ligands Containing Phosphorus and ArsenicAdapted from a Plenary Lecture at the General Meeting of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker on Sept. 10th, 1963 in Heidelberg (Germany). (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 453-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Tetradentate ligands ; P ligands ; Arsenic ligands ; Phosphorus ; Arsenic ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ligand shape on coordination numbers and geometry of coordination compounds has been studied using two tetradentate ligands containing phosphorus and arsenic. These tend to form five-coordinate complexes with trigonal bipyramidal structure [Fe(II), Co(I), Co(II), Rh(I), Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II)], but can also form six-coordinate complexes with octahedral structure [Fe(II), Ru(II), Os(II), Co(III), Rh(III), Pd(IV), Pt(IV)]. The magnetic properties and the stereochemistry of the complexes are explained by ligand field theory which predicts that, for metal ions with d6-electronic configuration, a low overall field strength should favor the formation of five-coordinate paramagnetic complexes while a high overall field strength should favor the formation of six-coordinate diamagnetic complexes. - This work provides further indication that the tendency of polydentate ligands to use all the potential donor atoms is not as pronounced as is generally believed. This is shown by the isolation of chromium(III) complexes in which the tetradentate ligands are, in fact, acting as tridentate, and by the isolation of mercury(II) complexes where only two of the four donor atoms of the polydentate ligand are actually bonded to the central metal atom.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196404531
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific Homopolymerization of CyclopenteneLecture given by Dall' Asta at the Gordon Research Conference on Polymers, Santa Barbara, Calif. (U.S.A.) in January, 1964, and to the Macromolecular Colloquium in Freiburg/Breisgau (Germany), in March, 1964. (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 723-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Stereospecific polymerization ; Polymerization ; Polycyclopentene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of cyclo-olefins, like that of olefins with an internal double bond, is sterically hindered. Within recent years it has become possible to prepare copolymers of these compounds with ethylene, with the aid of anionic coordination Ziegler catalysts. This copolymerization always results in cis-opening of the double bond. Despite the steric hindrance, cyclobutene and cyclopropene have also been homopolymerized, with opening of the double bond. - Rather surprisingly, the best catalysts for homopolymerization of cyclopentene are those which exhibit low activity in the polymerization of ethylene. Ring cleavage occurs with MoCl5/Al(C2H5)3 to give the cis-polypentenamer, whereas WCl6/Al(C2H5)3 gives the trans-polypentenamer. Both polypentenamers exhibit elastomeric properties. - Evidence from infrared spectra and oxidative degradation indicates that the monomer units in the trans-polypentenamer are linked head-to-tail. It is presumably the single bond adjacent to the double bond that is broken. Using X-ray methods at -50 °C, it was possible to determine the crystal structure of the crystalline trans-polypentenamer at about 400% elongation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196407231
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Further Contributions to the Knowledge of SemimetalsDedicated to Dr. W. Foerst on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 523-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Semimetals ; Metallic structure ; Nonmetallic structure ; Antimony ; Arsenic ; Bismuth ; Phosphorus ; Tellurium ; Tin ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements on semimetals have been continued. Studies of the dependence on temperature of various properties have provided details regarding the transition from the nonmetallic to the more metallic structure. A second-order transition has been found for tin at 170 °C, in which the c-axis remains unchanged, while the a-axis undergoes a small, discontinuous elongation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196305231
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of Olefins with the Titanium-Carbon BondDedicated to Prof. Dr. Karl Ziegler on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 704-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Titanium ; Alkenes ; Polymerization ; Titanium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: At low temperatures, ethylene and α-olefins (Δ1-olefins or 1-alkenes) are rapidly converted into oligomrs by the two-component organometallic catalyst CH3TiCl3·CH3AlCl2. To achieve smooth oligomerizations, aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons must be used as solvents. Although the activity of the titanium-carbon bond is enhanced by the aluminum component of the catalyst, the aluminum and its methyl group do not participate in the reaction proper; the latter proceeds exclusively at the titanium-carbon bond. The reaction will olefins can be used as an analytical method for the quantitative determination of the titanium-carbon bond in admixture with the organoaluminum component. It is thus possible to follow the reaction leading to formation of the catalyst from titanium tertrachloride, as well as the processes occurring at the titanium-carbon bond during the oligomerization of olefins. All the observations indicate that the catalyst possesses an ionic structure which is determined by the solvent. It is shown that the initial reaction step probably involves formation of a complex between the olefin and the alkyltitanium cation. The reaction scheme proposed is based on organometallic reactions which are characterized by carbanion and hydride transfers within the olefin-cation complex. This mechanism, which is unusual for Ziegler catalysts, is due to the predominance of hydride transfers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196307041
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    New Developments in the Chemistry of PolyphosphanesDedicated to Prof. Dr. Karl Winnacker on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 646-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyphosphanes ; Phosphanes ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: While silicon and sulfur, which are situated to the left and to the right of phosphorus in the periodic table, from numerous chain and cyclic Si-Si and S-S-compounds with varying numbers of members, until recently the polyphosphance chemistry has been limited to the two-membered compounds diphosphane P2H4 and its derivatives. A number of results obtained in studies on polyphosphanes carried out in recent years will therefore be discussed, which, together with some more recent work by other authors, have led to an expansion of our knowledge of the prepration and properties of straight and branched-chain as well as of cyclic and polycylic -P-P-systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196306461
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-Temperature Polymerization of EthylenePublished on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of Farbwerke Hoechst on January 11th, 1963 (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 32-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Polyethylene ; Titanium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A two-component organometallic catalyst of composition CH3TiCl3·CH3AlCl2 effects high-speed polymerization of ethylene in the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons at low temperatures. The catalyst does not undergo any alteration in the process. In contrast to the Ziegler catalysts, the titanium remains quadrivalent. Olefins of low-molecular-weight and with branched structures are produced. It proved possible to isolate the primary products of the polymerization at -50 to -100°C and to elucidate the mode of their formation from a knowledge of their structures. The findings are incompatible with either a cationic or anionic reaction mechanism. A novel type of mechanism is proposed, whereby the catalyst is supposed to have an ionic structure and molecular growth proceeds via π-complex formation of the olefin with the titanium cation. The formation of ethylene/olefin copolymers is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196300321
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers under the Influence of Ionizing Radiation (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 295-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Emulsion polymerization ; Polymerization ; Polymerization ; Alkenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionizing radiation induces the polymerization of some vinyl monomers in aqueous emulsion with high radiation yields. With identical emulsion compositions, the kinetics of this reaction and the kinetics of emulsion polymerization induced by water-soluble initiators are very similar. The rate of reaction in emulsion polymerization is about one hundred times greater than in bulk polymerization. The initiation of emulsion polymerization by means of ionizing radiation permits uniform “illumination” of the reacting volume, as well as almost any desired variation in the frequency of initiation during the reaction. The sharp decrease in the overall rate of reaction when initiation is interrupted during emulsion polymerization of styrene induced by γ-rays contradicts the earlier concept of sharply separated reaction zones.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196302951
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isocyanates of Esters of Some Acids of Phosphorus and SilicionDedicated to Prof. Dr. Otto Bayer on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Isocyanates ; Phosphorus ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several aminoaryl esters of phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids were prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentahalides with nitrophenols, followed by catalytic hydrogenation, or by treating aminophenols with phosphorus trihalides and oxidation to pentavalent phosphorus. These amino esters were then converted into isocyanato esters by the action of phosgene. Isocyanates of phosphonates have been synthetized on the same principle, as well as via the Arbusov reaction of halogen-substituted isocyanates with trialkyl phosphites. The reaction of silicon halides or alkylhalogenosilanes with aminophenols yielded aminoaryl esters of silicic acid or its derivatives, which could also be treated with phosgene to convert them into isocyanato esters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196206171
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Chloroethylphosphonic Dichloride: Its Synthesis and Use (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: β-Chloroethanephosphonic dichloride ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylene, phosphorus trichloride, and oxygen react together to give β-chloroethylphosphonic dichloride in good yields. Being a bifunctional acid chloride, this compound undergoes polycondensation reactions with other, at least bifunctional, compounds affording polyesters, polyamides, epoxy resins, etc. β-Chloroethylphosphonic dichloride also may be converted into vinylphosphonic dichloride, thus serving as a starting material for the preparation of vinylphosphonic acid and its derivatives. These undergo both homopolymerization and copolymerization with compounds containing olefinic double bonds. The products are used in the field of synthetic resins, for dressing textiles, and as protective surface coatings.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196206521
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrrolidone, Capryllactam and Laurolactam as new Monomers for Polyamide FibersFrom a lecture delivered at the meeting of the Plastics and Rubber Section of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker on April 9th, 1962, in Bad Nauheim (Germany). (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 430-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyrrolidone ; Polyamides ; Fibers ; Lactams ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The industrial production of capryllactam (1-azacyclononan-2-one) and of laurolactam (1-azacyclotridecan-2-one) starts with cyclization of acetylene or butadeine to give cyclooctatetraene or cyclooctadiene, or cyclization of butadiene to give cyclododecatriene. Further steps are: oxidation of the cyclic hydrocarbon to the ketone, formation of the oxime, and rearrangement of the latter with sulfuric acid. Pyrrolidone can be prepared from acetylene and formaldehyde by way of butyrolactone. The behavior of the lactams during polycondensation is described and the properties of the resulting fibers are compared with those of the known polyamide fibers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204301
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Lactams, Their Polymerization and Use as Raw Materials for FibersFrom a lecture delivered on April 9th, 1962 at a meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Kunstsoffe and Kautschuk” Plastics and Rubber Division of the German Chemical Society in Bad Nauheim. (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Lactams ; Polymerization ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Lactams can be prepared by cyclization of β-aimno acid esters. Recently they have become available also from olefins by addition of N-carbonysulfamyl chloride (isocyanatosulfonyl chloride) and from aldehydes by reaction with N-carbonylsulfamyl chloride and ketene. Condensative or anionic polymerization results in polyamides the chains of which contain many more amide groups than the chains of polyamides of the nylon-6 type. Hence the new polymers resemble silk moreclosely. Fibers and films can be prepared from solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196204811
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