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  • 2010-2014  (24)
  • 1960-1964  (9,914)
  • 1950-1954  (3,636)
  • 1920-1924  (3,032)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (8,358)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8,224)
  • ddc:510  (24)
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  • 1
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    Supporting Global Numerical Optimization of Rational Functions by Generic Symbolic Convexity Tests (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Convexity is an important property in nonlinear optimization since it allows to apply efficient local methods for finding global solutions. We propose to apply symbolic methods to prove or disprove convexity of rational functions over a polyhedral domain. Our algorithms reduce convexity questions to real quantifier elimination problems. Our methods are implemented and publicly available in the open source computer algebra system REDUCE. Our long term goal is to integrate REDUCE as a workhorse'' for symbolic computations into a numerical solver.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 2
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    Fault-Tolerant and Decentralized Lease Coordination in Distributed Systems (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Applications which need exclusive access to a shared resource in distributed systems require a fault-tolerant and scalable mechanism to coordinate this exclusive access. Examples of such applications include distributed file systems and master/slave data replication. We present Flease, an algorithm for decentralized and fault-tolerant lease coordination in distributed systems. Our algorithm allows the processes competing for a resource to coordinate exclusive access through leases among themselves without a central component. The resulting system easily scales with an increasing number of nodes and resources. We prove that Flease ensures exclusive access, i.e. guarantees that there is at most one valid lease at any time.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 3
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    Robust Tail Assignment (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose an efficient column generation method to minimize the probability of delay propagations along aircraft rotations. In this way, delay resistant schedules can be constructed. Computational results for large-scale real-world problems demonstrate substantial punctuality improvements. The method can be generalized to crew and integrated scheduling problems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 4
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    State Trajectory Compression for Optimal Control with Parabolic PDEs (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: In optimal control problems with nonlinear time-dependent 3D PDEs, full 4D discretizations are usually prohibitive due to the storage requirement. For this reason gradient and quasi-Newton methods working on the reduced functional are often employed. The computation of the reduced gradient requires one solve of the state equation forward in time, and one backward solve of the adjoint equation. The state enters into the adjoint equation, again requiring the storage of a full 4D data set. We propose a lossy compression algorithm using an inexact but cheap predictor for the state data, with additional entropy coding of prediction errors. As the data is used inside a discretized, iterative algorithm, lossy coding maintaining an error bound is sufficient.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
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    A simple mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle: follicle development and endocrine interactions (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Bovine fertility is the subject of extensive research in animal sciences, especially because fertility of dairy cows has declined during the last decades. The regulation of estrus is controlled by the complex interplay of various organs and hormones. Mathematical modeling of the bovine estrous cycle could help in understanding the dynamics of this complex biological system. In this paper we present a mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle that includes the processes of follicle and corpus luteum development and the key hormones that interact to control these processes. Focus in this paper is on development of the model, but also some simulation results are presented, showing that a set of equations and parameters is obtained that describes the system consistent with empirical knowledge. Even though the majority of the mechanisms that are included are only known qualitatively as stimulatory or inhibitory effects, the model surprisingly well features quantitative observations made in reality. This model of the bovine estrous cycle could be used as a basis for more elaborate models with the ability to study effects of external manipulations and genetic differences.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 6
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    Rapid Learning for Binary Programs (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Learning during search allows solvers for discrete optimization problems to remember parts of the search that they have already performed and avoid revisiting redundant parts. Learning approaches pioneered by the SAT and CP communities have been successfully incorporated into the SCIP constraint integer programming platform. In this paper we show that performing a heuristic constraint programming search during root node processing of a binary program can rapidly learn useful nogoods, bound changes, primal solutions, and branching statistics that improve the remaining IP search.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
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    Models for Line Planning with Transfers (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel integer programming approach to transfer minimization for line planning problems in public transit. The idea is to incorporate penalties for transfers that are induced by “connection capacities” into the construction of the passenger paths. We show that such penalties can be dealt with by a combination of shortest and constrained shortest path algorithms such that the pricing problem for passenger paths can be solved efficiently. Connection capacity penalties (under)estimate the true transfer times. This error is, however, not a problem in practice. We show in a computational comparison with two standard models on a real-world scenario that our approach can be used to minimize passenger travel and transfer times for large-scale line planning problems with accurate results.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
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    Adaptive Timestep Control for the Contact-Stabilized Newmark Method (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The aim of this paper is to devise an adaptive timestep control in the contact--stabilized Newmark method (CONTACX) for dynamical contact problems between two viscoelastic bodies in the framework of Signorini's condition. In order to construct a comparative scheme of higher order accuracy, we extend extrapolation techniques. This approach demands a subtle theoretical investigation of an asymptotic error expansion of the contact--stabilized Newmark scheme. On the basis of theoretical insight and numerical observations, we suggest an error estimator and a timestep selection which also cover the presence of contact. Finally, we give a numerical example.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 9
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    Railway capacity auctions with dual prices (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Railway scheduling is based on the principle of the construction of a conflict-free timetable. This leads to a strict definition of capacity: in contrast with road transportation, it can be said in advance whether a given railway infrastructure can accommodate - at least in theory - a certain set of train requests. Consequently, auctions for railway capacity are modeled as auctions of discrete goods -- the train slots. We present estimates for the efficiency gain that may be generated by slot auctioning in comparison with list price allocation. We introduce a new class of allocation and auction problems, the feasible assignment problem, that is a proper generalization of the well-known combinatorial auction problem. The feasible assignment class was designed to cover the needs for an auction mechanism for railway slot auctions, but is of interest in its own right. As a practical instance to state and solve the railway slot allocation problem, we present an integer programming formulation, briefly the ACP, which turns out to be an instance of the feasible assignment problem and whose dual problem yields prices that can be applied to define a useful activity rule for the linearized version of the Ausubel Milgrom Proxy auction. We perform a simulation aiming to measure the impact on efficiency and convergence rate.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Solving Optimal Control Problems with the Kaskade 7 Finite Element Toolbox (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper presents concepts and implementation of the finite element toolbox Kaskade 7, a flexible C++ code for solving elliptic and parabolic PDE systems. Issues such as problem formulation, assembly and adaptivity are discussed at the example of optimal control problems. Trajectory compression for parabolic optimization problems is considered as a case study.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    Aggregation Methods for Railway Networks (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper a bottom-up approach of automatic simplification of a railway network is presented. Starting from a very detailed, microscopic level, as it is used in railway simulation, the network is transformed by an algorithm to a less detailed level (macroscopic network), that is sufficient for long-term planning and optimization. In addition running and headway times are rounded to a pre-chosen time discretization by a special cumulative method, which we will present and analyse in this paper. After the transformation we fill the network with given train requests to compute an optimal slot allocation. Then the optimized schedule is re-transformed into the microscopic level and can be simulated without any conflicts occuring between the slots. The algorithm is used to transform the network of the very dense Simplon corridor between Swiss and Italy. With our aggregation it is possible for the first time to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the corridor across a day by a simultaneously optimization run.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
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    Merging solutions of non-linear algebraic systems (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In solving large polynomial algebraic systems that are too big for standard Gröbner basis techniques one way to make progress is to introduce case distinctions. This divide and conquer technique can be beneficial if the algorithms and computer programs know how to take advantage of inequalities. A further hurdle is the form of the resulting general solutions which often have unnecessarily many branches. In this paper we discuss a procedure to merge solutions by dropping inequalities which are associated with them and, if necessary, by re-parametrizing solutions. In the appendix the usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated in the classification of quadratic Hamiltonians with a Lie-Poisson bracket $e(3)$. This application required the solution of algebraic systems with over 200 unknowns, 450 equations and between 5000 and 9000 terms.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    A Dynamical Systems Approach for Static Evaluation in Go (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In the paper arguments are given why the concept of static evaluation (SE) has the potential to be a useful extension to Monte Carlo tree search. A new concept of modeling SE through a dynamical system is introduced and strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The general suitability of this approach is demonstrated. A Remark: Among users of the Internet Go server KGS the abbreviation SE is used for 'Score Estimator'. Although different from 'Static Evaluation' a score estimator is easily obtained from static evaluation by adding up probabilities of chains to be alive at the end of the game or points to be owned by White or Black
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
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    Classification of integrable quadratic Hamiltonians on e(3) (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Linear Poisson brackets on e(3) typical of rigid body dynamics are considered. All quadratic Hamiltonians of Kowalevski type having additional first integral of fourth degree are found. Quantum analogs of these Hamiltonians are listed.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 15
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    Classification of integrable super-systems using the SsTools environment (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: A classification problem is proposed for supersymmetric %scaling\/-\/in\-va\-ri\-ant evolutionary PDE that satisfy the assumptions of nonlinearity, nondegeneracy, and homogeneity. Four classes of nonlinear coupled boson\/-\/fermion systems are discovered under the weighting assumption $|f|=|b|=|D_t|=\oh$. The syntax of the \Reduce\ package \SsTools, which was used for intermediate computations, and the applicability of its procedures to the calculus of super\/-\/PDE are described.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
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    N=2 supersymmetric a=4-KdV hierarchy derived via Gardner's deformation of Kaup-Boussinesq equation (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: We consider the problem of constructing Gardner's deformations for the $N{=}2$ supersymmetric $a{=}4$--\/Korteweg\/--\/de Vries equation; such deformations yield recurrence relations between the super\/-\/Hamiltonians of the hierarchy. We prove the non\/-\/existence %P.~Mathieu's Open problem on constructing for of supersymmetry\/-\/invariant %Gardner's deformations that %solutions, retract to Gardner's formulas for the KdV equation %whenever it is assumed that, under the %respective component reduction. % in the $N{=}2$ super\/-\/field. the solutions . At the same time, we propose a two\/-\/step scheme for the recursive production of the integrals of motion for the $N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV. First, we find a new Gardner's deformation of the Kaup\/--\/Boussinesq equation, which is contained in the bosonic limit of the super\/-\/%$N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy. This yields the recurrence relation between the Hamiltonians of the limit, whence we determine the bosonic super\/- /Hamiltonians of the full $N{=}2$, $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 17
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    The Quickest Path to the Goal (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We provide an introduction into the mathematics of and with paths. Not on the shortest, but hopefully on an entertaining path!
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 18
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    Linienoptimierung - reif für die Praxis? (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit ein mathematisches Optimierungsmodell zur Bestimmung eines optimalen Linienplans vor, das sowohl die Fahrzeiten und die Anzahl der Umstiege berücksichtigt als auch die Kosten des Liniennetzes. Dieses Modell deckt wichtige praktische Anforderungen ab, die in einem gemeinsamen Projekt mit den Verkehrsbetrieben in Potsdam (ViP) formuliert wurden. In diesem Projekt wurde der Linienplan 2010 für Potsdam entwickelt. Unsere Berechnungen zeigen, dass die mathematische Optimierung in nichts einer "Handplanung" des Liniennetzes nachsteht. Im Gegenteil, mit Hilfe des Optimierungsprogramms ist es möglich, durch Veränderung der Parameter mehrere verschiedene Szenarien zu berechnen, miteinander zu vergleichen und Aussagen über minimale Kosten und Fahrzeiten zu machen.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
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    Positions in the Game of Go as Complex Systems (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: The paper gathers evidence showing different dimensions of the game of Go: the continuous and discrete nature of the game and different types of relations between state variables happening on ultra local, local, regional, and global scales. Based on these observations a new continuous local model for describing a board position is introduced. This includes the identification of the basic variables describing a board position and the formulation and solution of a dynamical system for their computation. To be usable as a static evaluation function for a game playing program at least group-wide (regional)aspects will have to be incorporated.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 20
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    Railway Track Allocation by Rapid Branching (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The track allocation problem, also known as train routing problem or train timetabling problem, is to find a conflict-free set of train routes of maximum value in a railway network. Although it can be modeled as a standard path packing problem, instances of sizes relevant for real-world railway applications could not be solved up to now. We propose a rapid branching column generation approach that integrates the solution of the LP relaxation of a path coupling formulation of the problem with a special rounding heuristic. The approach is based on and exploits special properties of the bundle method for the approximate solution of convex piecewise linear functions. Computational results for difficult instances of the benchmark library TTPLIB are reported.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 21
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    Optimizing the Simplon Railway Corridor (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This paper presents a case study on a railway timetable optimization for the very dense Simplon corridor, a major railway connection in the Alps between Switzerland and Italy. Starting from a detailed microscopic network as it is used in railway simulation, the data is transformed by an automatic procedure to a less detailed macroscopic network, that is sufficient for the purpose of capacity planning and amenable to state-of-the-art integer programming optimization methods. In this way, the macroscopic railway network is saturated with trains. Finally, the corresponding timetable is re-transformed to the microscopic level in such a way that it can be operated without any conflicts among the slots. Using this integer programming based micro-macro aggregation-disaggregation approach, it becomes for the first time possible to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the complete Simplon corridor over an entire day by a simultaneous optimization of all trains requests. This also allows to to undertake a sensitivity analysis of various problem parameters.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 22
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    Analysis of a multi-scale asymptotic model for internal gravity waves in a moist atmosphere (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The thesis presents the analysis of a reduced model for modulation of internal gravity waves by deep convective clouds. The starting point for the derivation are conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy coupled with a bulk micro-physics model describing the evolution of mixing ratios of water vapor, cloud water and rain water. A reduced model for the identified scales of the regime is derived, using multi-scale asymptotics. The closure of the model employs conditional averaging over the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. The resulting reduced model is an extension of the anelastic equations, linearized around a constant background state, which are well-known from meteorology. The closure of the model is achieved purely by analytical means and involves no additional physically motivated assumptions. The essential new parameter arising from the coupling to a micro-physics model is the area fraction of saturated regions on the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. It turns out that this parameter is constant on the employed short timescale. Hence the clouds constitute a constant background, modulating the characteristics of propagation of internal waves. The model is then investigated by analytical as well as numerical means. Important results are, among others, that in the model moisture (i) inhibits propagation of internal waves by reducing the modulus of the group velocity, (ii) reduces the angle between the propagation direction of a wave-packet and the horizontal, (iii) causes critical layers and (iv) introduces a maximum horizontal wavelength beyond which waves are no longer propagating but become evanescent. The investigated examples of orographically generated gravity waves also feature a significant reduction of vertical momentum flux by moisture. The model is extended by assuming systematically small under-saturation, that is saturation at leading order. The closure is similar to the original case but requires additional assumptions. The saturated area fraction in the obtained model is no longer constant but now depends nonlinearly on vertical displacement and thus on vertical velocity.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 23
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    A Constraint Integer Programming Approach for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We propose a hybrid approach for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem which is an extremely hard to solve combinatorial optimization problem of practical relevance. Jobs have to be scheduled on (renewable) resources subject to precedence constraints such that the resource capacities are never exceeded and the latest completion time of all jobs is minimized. The problem has challenged researchers from different communities, such as integer programming (IP), constraint programming (CP), and satisfiability testing (SAT). Still, there are instances with 60 jobs which have not been solved for many years. The currently best known approach, lazyFD, is a hybrid between CP and SAT techniques. In this paper we propose an even stronger hybridization by integrating all the three areas, IP, CP, and SAT, into a single branch-and-bound scheme. We show that lower bounds from the linear relaxation of the IP formulation and conflict analysis are key ingredients for pruning the search tree. First computational experiments show very promising results. For five instances of the well-known PSPLIB we report an improvement of lower bounds. Our implementation is generic, thus it can be potentially applied to similar problems as well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 24
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    Coupling Meshbased and Meshfree Methods by a Transfer Operator Approach (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-03
    Description: In contrast to the well known meshbased methods like the finite element method, meshfree methods do not rely on a mesh. However besides their great applicability, meshfree methods are rather time consuming. Thus, it seems favorable to combine both methods, by using meshfree methods only in a small part of the domain, where a mesh is disadvantageous, and a meshbased method for the rest of the domain. We motivate, that this coupling between the two simulation techniques can be considered as saddle point problem and show the stability of this coupling. Thereby a novel transfer operator is introduced, which interacts in the transition zone, where both methods coexist.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of thermal denaturation on the electrophoretic mobility of calf thymus DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of electrophoresis experiments on aqueous solutions of native and thermally denatured DNA are reported. A significant decrease of the electrophoretic mobility has been observed following thermal denaturation, which under suitable conditions gives rise to a resolution into two peaks of 1 : 1 mixtures in the electrophoretic pattern. This result is entirely consistent with the previously reported increase of the activity coefficient of sodium counterions following thermal denaturation. The hypothesis that thermal denaturation of calf thymus DNA induces a large decrease of charge density on the macroion which has been ascribed to the population of more extended conformations of the chains in the disordered region of the molecule is therefore further confirmed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020102
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on dextran and dextran derivatives. II. Acid hydrolysis of native dextranSupported by a grant (FG.IT-113) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the depolymerization of native dextran in dilute hydrochloric acid at different temperatures has been followed by measurements of M̄w, M̄n, [η], 〈ρ2〉1/2, and S. The data allow the correlation of the various parameters of the total hydrolyzate at various degrees of depolymerization. At a first approximation the results conform to a random splitting of a statistical, branched polymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020106
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of γ-ethyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride initiated by di-n-butyl and di-isopropyl amine (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The γ-ethyl-L-glutamate NCA polymerization initiated by di-n-butyl and di-isopropyl amine was studied. The experimental kinetic curves show an autocatalytic portion with 25-30% conversion, followed by a pseudo first-order region which extends up to at least 85-90%. In this linear region, the reaction order appears to be 0.5 in initiator with both amines. High degrees of polymerization and high reaction rates were observed. These results are similar to those obtained in the γ-benzyl-L-glutamate NCA polymerization initiated by sodium methoxide.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020110
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrooptical and dielectric investigations on the conformation and the electrical properties of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate in mixed solvents (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dielectric constant and the electric birefringence of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate in ethylene dichloride-dichloroacetic acid mixtures have been measured as functions of the solvent composition. These properties undergo a marked decrease with the addition of a small amount of dichloroacetic acid, as well as an abrupt change accompanying the helix-coil transition in the vicinity of 75 vol.-% dichloroacetic acid. The former is attributed to the apparent diminution of the dipole moment of helical poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate molecule, which may be due to the protonation of terminal amide groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020201
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  • 30
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    Polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxy anhydrides in N,N-dimethylformamideThis work was supported in part by the public Health Service Research Grant GM-08409. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate NCA initiated by n-hexylamine in DMF proceeds with two successive propagation rates whose ratio is about 1.5. The onset of the increase in rate of propagation occurred at a DPn of 7-14, which was independent of initiator to anhydride ratio and anhydride concentration and not a result of anhydride impurities. The increase in rate is likely a result of a conformational change in the polymer at a DPn of 7-14.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020205
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  • 31
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    Synthesis and polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides of N-benzyl-β-amino acids (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 147-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NCAs of the N-benzyl derivatives of β-alanine, β-DL-aminobutyric acid, and β-DL-aminoisobutyric acid (nonplanar six-membered rings) were prepared by reacting the corresponding N-chloroformyl derivatives, obtained on reaction of the N-benzyl amino acids with phosgene, with triethylamine. Contrary to the others, the NCA of N-benzyl-β-alanine polymerized readily on heating in vacuo or in solution, using n-hexylamine or methanolic sodium methoxide as initiators. With n-hexylamine the molecular weights of the polymers obtained in benzene, dioxan, and dimethylsulfoxide, were in accordance with DP = [NCA]/[Initiator], as was found with conventional five-membered ring NCAs of α-amino acids. With sodium methoxide initiation, DPs of the polymers obtained were smaller than the (NCA)/[Initiator] ratio, contrary to what was found previously with α-amino acid NCAs. The possibility that stereochemical factors are responsible for the differences in polymerization activity of various. N-alkyl β as well as α amino acid NCAs is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020207
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  • 32
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    Fluorescence studies on poly-α-amino acids. II. Conformation-dependent excimer emission band in poly-L-tyrosine and poly-L-tryptophanThis investigation was supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease (AM-05852) and from the National Science Foundation (GB-428). It is publication No. 291 from the Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University.For the previous paper in this series, see Fasman, G.D., K. Norland, and A. Pesce, Biopolymers Symposia, 1, 325 (1964). (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020211
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  • 33
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    Electrophoresis of DNA. III. The effect of several univalent electrolytes on the mobility of DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrophoretic mobility of DNA in the presence of tetramethylammonium and alkali metal ion chlorides has been studied as a function of ionic strength. Each cation exhibits a characteristic behavior in accord with the idea that the order of inter-action with DNA is Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+ 〉 TMA+. The application of theories of the electrophoresis of polyelectrolytes is discussed, leading to an attempt to calculate the fractional charge per DNA phosphorus from the mobility data. Over the range 0.05-0.4M a constant and unique value of the DNA charge is obtained in the presence of each cation. Values of the zeta potential and of the friction factor per monomer unit are also calculated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020304
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  • 34
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    Theory of inactivation and reactivation of transforming DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 135-146 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple quantitative theory of inactivation of transforming DNA has been formulated. It is based on the idea that genetic recombination of the molecule of transforming DNA with the bacterial genome is possible only, from the point mutation of the gene up to the nearest hit or point of damage on the corresponding DNA molecule. Our data and the data of other authors on the kinetics of inactivation by HNO2 or U.V. light or both are consistent with these theoretical predictions. Theoretical predictions were made concerning the extent of reactivation by fusion mid annealing of damaged DNA with a diluting genetically inactive DNA. These estimates have been reasonably confirmed by our experimental results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020206
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  • 35
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    Effect of glucosylation on sedimentation velocity of DNA from T2 and T6 coliphages (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to study the effect of glucose substitution on the sedimentation velocities of the T-even phage DNA's, T2 and T2*, and T6 and T6* bacteriophages were grown with H3and P32 labeling. Zone sedimentation of the DNA's isolated from these phagea showed that the glucosylated DNA's from both T2 and T6 sediment faster than the nonglucosylated molecules. Nonglucosylated DNA from TG and T2 phages sedimented with the same velocity, suggesting that the molecules of these phages are of the same length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020104
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  • 36
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    Partial specific volumes of synthetic polypeptides in dilute solution (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 43-49 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report a simple method for measuring partial specific volumes, of polymers in dilute solutions with an accuracy of 3 parts per thousand. This method has been applied to 7 polypeptides in 4 organic solvents. The residue volumes deduced from these data are compared to those calculated by a differential method. The discrepancy is generally of the order of 1.5%.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020107
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  • 37
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    Proposed nomenclature for synthetic polypeptides (polyamino acids) (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020310
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020401
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  • 39
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    The conversion of two-stranded poly (A + U) to, three-strand poly (A + 2U) and poly A by heatA Preliminary report of this work was presented before the Biophysical Society at its Eighth Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, February, 1964. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 293-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that the formation of the three-strand poly (A + 2U) complex is accompanied by a decrease in optical absorbance at 280 mμ, while the format ion of poly (A + U) is not. This difference makes it possible to demonstrate that in dilute solutions (∼10-4 monomolar), a 1 : 1 mixture of poly A and poly U always forms poly (A + U) at room temperature. At higher temperatures in solutions containing more than about 0.2M sodium ion, poly (A + U) is converted to poly (A + 2U) and free poly A. These results are consistent with the observations reported by Miles and Frazier, using infrared absorption spectra, at much higher polymer concentrations. It is concluded that most of the physicochemical studies of 1 : 1 mixtures of poly A and poly U in dilute aqueous solution refer to the two-stranded species.A simple thermodynamic analysis is developed to explain the two- to three-strand conversion, and with the use of a “phase diagram” showing conditions of stability of the various poly A-poly U structures as a function of salt and temperature, it is possible to estimate the value of the enthalpy of formation of poly (A + 2U).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020402
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  • 40
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    The adsorption of polyribonucleotides (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 337-347 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a chromatographic technique, the adsorption of the polyribonucleotides s-RNA and poly-A provided with tri-n-butylammonium ions from an aqueous solution on to the surface of polymeric hydrocarbon granules has been demonstrated. The aqueous solution from which adsorption takes place is the aqueous phase which results on agitating together n-butanol (100), water (130), tri-n-butylamine (10), n-butyl ether (10), and glacial acetic acid (2.5) (parts by volume). Microporous polyethylene granules, microporous fluorinated polyethylene granules, and solid grains of polyethylene powder have been employed as adsorbents. The adsorbed polyribonucleotides could be eluted by aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, urea, or triethylammonium acetate. s-RXA with tri-n-butylammonium counterions could also be adsorbed on polymethacrylic acid in tri-n-butylammonium form and eluted therefrom with aqueous urea solutions. It is considered that the adsorption from aqueous solution of polyribonucleotides with tri-n-butylammonium counterions on polymeric hydrocarbon surfaces is mediated by hydrophobic bond formation. Van der Waals forces may also contribute to the bonding. It is suggested that studies on the adsorption of polynucleotides provided with counterions: possessing nonpolar groups at an aqueous solution-polymeric hydrocarbon interlace may permit the elaboration of experimental systems to serve as models for the evaluation of the role of hydrophobic and van der Waals bonding forces in the interaction of polynucleotides with cell membrane surfaces.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020405
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  • 41
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    Intramoleculary crosslinked synthetic polypeptides (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020409
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  • 42
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    Chain regularity and flow dichroism of deoxyribonucleic acids in solution (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 361-380 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA's) extracted from several biological sources have been studied by means of the flow dichroism method, using the transparent coaxial cylinder apparatus. This study has two purposes: (1) to make clear the hydrodynamic behavior of the DNA chain, and the regularity in the orientation of purine and phrimidine bases about the molecular axis; and (2) to develop this particular flow dichroism method as an established device for the study of chain regularity of DNA and other chain polymers. The velocity gradient dependence of dichroism agrees well, to a first approximation, with the behavior of a model of a hydrodynamically equivalent ellipsoid in revolution. Differences between theoretical and empirical curves have been tentatively ascribed to the flexibility of the chain under consideration. Two kinds of data, 1 lie rotary diffusion coefficient and internal dichroism, have been evaluated by a graphical device in which the double logarithmic plots of reduced dichroism and velocity gradient of flow are compared with the theoretical curve. The data obtained have shown good reproducibility for DNA samples prepared by the same method from the same biological source. However, a remarkable difference in internal dichroism and rotary diffusion constant has been observed between DNA groups of different biological origin. The difference may be caused by fragmentation of DNA during the deproteinization procedure, bill the possibility that some of these differences originate in the biological source of the DNA cannot be denied. Orientation of purine and phrimidine bases in aqueous solution is found to be quite regular in direction, as predicted by the Watson-Crick model. Dichroic spectra have shown that the direction of the oscillator dipole corresponding to the 260 mμ absorption band has a different angular relationship to the helical axis than the oscillator dipole for the 220 mμ band.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020407
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  • 43
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    Electron microscopic observations on the super helical structure of synthetic polypeptide (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 381-393 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the super helical structure of synthetic polypeptides, such as poly-γ-benzyl-D (or L)-glutamate (PBDG or PBLG) was carried out. The PEG was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF). The solution was either allowed to remain at room temperature for a long time or poured into some fatty acid, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or caprylic acid. Whether the polymer precipitated slowly or rapidly depended upon the aging of the solution or the nature of the acid used. The precipitated gels revealed the coiled coil fibrils, but the feature and degree of coiling varied, depending upon the length of aging or the nature of the acid used for precipitation. After a short aging of the solution, there was no helical structure in the gels. After long aging, very fine-coiled coil macrofibrils or small spindle-like fibrils were obtained. The macrofibrils consisted of the spindle-like fibrils which in turn consisted of microfibrils (diam. 60-70A.). When using the fatty acid precipitation very fine to medium fine super helices were obtained. Extremely fine super helices were obtained in propionic acid. In these gels the PBG chains have an α-helical conformation. When PMLG-DCA solution was stored for a long time, another type of precipitation was obtained, one giving evidence of so-called cross-β crystallization and no coiled coil fibrils. The precipitation of cross-β fibrils was obtained when the concentration of the solution was above 8%.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020408
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020501
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  • 45
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    A polynucleotide helix containing polinosinic acid and protoated polycytidylic acid (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 399-413 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titration studies of the 1 : 1 helical polynucleotide complex of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid reveal that these two polymers form a complex when the polycytidylic acid is protonated near pH 3. Sedimentation studies show that the protonated complex also has a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. However, the protonated complex is more stable than the unprotonated neutral complex as judged by its thermal stability. The molecular structure of the protonated complex is not the same as the neutral form. Study of the kinetics of the reaction of the protonated complex with formaldehyde suggests that the amino group of cytosine is involved in hydrogen bonds which hold the polynucleotide strands together.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020502
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  • 46
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    Reconstruction of protein and nucleic acid sequences. I. Systematics and computer program (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 415-444 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The protein sequences now known have been reconstructed as a kind of intriguing logical-mathematical puzzle using information about fragments of the molecules. We wish to show that the reconstruction can be done systematically by repeating a series of elementary operations on these same data governed by a set of well-defined rules. The completely automatic reconstruction of polymer sequences by a high speed digital computer using these operations and rules is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 47
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    The renaturation of deoxyribonucleic acids. I. Rates of bimolecular reactions of complementary and noncomplementary Gaussian chains (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 445-462 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of the renaturation of DNA molecules is examined on the basis of the bimolecular interaction of Gaussian chain polymers. In the nucleus formation by hydrogen bonding in segment-segment interaction, two types of interchain interaction, that is, one between complementary chains and one between noncomplementary chains, and one noncomplementary intrachain interaction are considered to be, in competition. Several previously observed characteristics of the renaturation process are displayed by this simple model. In particular it accounts for the dependence of the extent of renaturation on the heterogeneity, molecular weight, and radius of gyration of DNA, and of the ratios of the reaction rates between complementary and noncomplementary segments. Among these variables the ratio of reaction rates has shown to have a quite specific value, as high as the order of 104, which favors the complementary-strand interaction. This very great bias in favor of complementary strand interaction emphasizes that the renaturation phenomena displays the same character of biological specificity that is associated with enzyme-substrate interaction or antigen-antibody interaction. Moreover, since DNA is a good example of a one-dimensional system, it seems to provide a suitable clue for pursuing the analysis of pattern recognition at the macromolecular level.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020504
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  • 48
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    Polymerization of DL-β-phenylalanine N-carboxy anhydride adsorbed on polysarcosine dimethylamide (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 463-481 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of DL-β-Phenylalanine N-carboxy anhydride adsorbed on polysarcosine dimethylamide has been studied further. This unusual reaction, which is analogous kinetically to reactions catalyzed by enzymes, was called the “chain-effect.” For polymerization of N-carboxy anhydrides by this mechanism it is necessary that the initiating polymer should possess an adsorption site and a terminal base group. The effect is shown to occur with simple compounds such as amino acid dimethylamides but not with poly-L-proline due to the inability of this polymer to adsorb the anhydride. From a study of the reaction of block copolymers of L-proline and sarcosine with DL-β-phenylalanine it is concluded that the relative positions of the adsorption site and terminal base group do not greatly influence the reaction rate, but the accessibility of the adsorption sites is an important factor determining the reactivity of polysarcosine dimethylamides of various degrees of polymerization (n). At high values of n the polymer exists in a coiled form and only those sites close to the terminal base group participate in the reaction. Initial rate studies give a detailed description of the early stage of the chain-effect polymerization. With these data and by use of analog computer techniques the complete reaction has been studied. It is concluded that the poly-DL-β-phenylalanine block produced is not permanently attached to the polysarcosine chain by hydrogen bonds during its formation but that an equilibrium exists between the polysarcosine and the poly-DL-phenylalanine blocks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020505
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  • 49
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    The role of the σ-framework in the properties of the biological purines and pyrimidines: dipole moments and tautomeric equilibria (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 483-488 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Del Re's method for the study of saturated compounds has been adapted so as to deal with the σ-framework of conjugated molecules. This modified procedure is used in evaluating the σ-contribution to the dipole moments of the nucleic bases and of the A-T and G-C base pairs and also to the free energy change in the tautomeric, equilibria of the bases. Associated with an appropriate Hückel method for evaluating the π-contribution, the results obtained predict a small resultant moment for A-T versus a large moment for G-C. The energy calculations predict the keto and amino forms of the bases to be the most stable forms and cytosine to be the most easily involved in tautomeric shift to the rare form.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020506
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360020601
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  • 51
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    The dynamics of the helix-coil transition in poly-α, L-glutamic acidAn account of this work formed part of a paper delivered at the Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry, Moscow, 1961. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 489-500 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature jump measurements employing optical rotation to follow transients show an upper limit of 10μsec. on the half time of the helix-random coil relaxation in poly-α, L-glutamic acid. No relaxations are observed under conditions where the polymer exists in completely helical or completely random coil form. Assuming that the helix-coil transition can be described kinetically as a pure growth process, expressions for the relaxation time are derived for three special cases. A comparison is made between the rate of the helix-coil transition and the rate of imide proton exchange.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020507
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  • 52
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    Proposed nomeneclature for synthetic polypeptides (polyamino acids) (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 501-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020508
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Energy levels of almost-periodic polymers (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Numerical calculations have been done on the exciton spectrum of a schematic model of a linear polymer. The model consists of a random sequence of two kinds of subunit whose energy levels and transition moments are almost, but not quite, the same. The orders of magnitude of parameters are taken from DNA, but the full helical geometry has not been considered. Results are given for the density of energy levels, the dipole transition strength per unit energy, and the distribution of excitation energy along the polymer in individual states. A number of localized exciton states were found.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360020605
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  • 54
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020101
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  • 55
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    Electrophoresis of DNA. I. On a relationship between electrophoresis and donnan equilibrium experiments on DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A calculation based upon Gorin's equation for the electrophoresis of a rigid cylinder is used to compare the available results of electrophoresis and membrane equilibrium experiments on DNA. The distribution of chloride ions across a membrane impermeable to DXA is considered. For a reasonable choice of parameters, agreement within about 2% is obtained between the values calculated from electrophoresis and the results of membrane equilibrium studies over a twenty-fold range of NaCl concentration.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020103
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  • 56
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    Studies on dextran and dextran derivatives. I. Properties of native dextran in different solventsSupported by a grant (FG.IT-113) from the U. S. Department of Agriculture. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Light-scattering, sedimentation, viscosity, and reducing power measurements have been carried out on a sample of native dextran from Leuconostoc mesenteriodes B-512. The results are discussed in relation to the structure, polydispersity, and branching of the polysaccharide. The effect of different solvents on the behavior of native dextran has been studied. The molecular weight of the dextran remains unchanged in all the solvents used, while the radius of gyration shows a significant increase in some of them (concentrated salts, urea, and glucose solutions); in water-methanol solutions the radius of gyration slightly decreases.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020105
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  • 57
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    On the theory of order-disorder transition and copolymer structure of DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The statistical mechanical theory of the helix-coil transition of DNA has been recently discussed by one of the authors, who considered an assembly of DNA molecules with a Markoff distribution of nucleotide sequences. The present communication improves upon the above mentioned theory by introducing approximate normalization factors for the unnormalized statistical weights of finding a given molecule of the assembly in a given microscopic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020109
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  • 58
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    Biopolymer news (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 103-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020113
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  • 59
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    Electrophoresis of DNA. II. Specific interactions of univalent and divalent cations with DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of small quantities of metal ions on the electrophoretic mobility of calf thymus DNA in solutions maintained at 0.2 ionic strength with weakly interacting (CH3)4N+ ions yields information about interactions occurring in a region very close to the polymer chain. By means of this technique, it is demonstrated that the binding order to DNA is Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+ for the alkali metal ions and Mn++ 〉 Mg ++ 〉 Ca++ for the divalent ions studied. The quantitative details are compared to earlier work on the long-chain polyphosphates. Close agreement between the two systems is obtained indicating that an intrinsic property of individual phosphate groups is being observed and that minor discrepancies probably arise from secondary factors. Three types of stability constants representing the binding of alkali metal ions to DNA are calculated and although differing in absolute magnitude, they all satisfactorily represent the result that the order of interaction is Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+ with respective relative strengths of 1.5 : 1 : 0.8.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020111
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  • 60
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    The method for estimation of chain macromolecule rigidity (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Birefringence relaxation times on removing the electric field characterize the rigidity of a flexible linear macromolecule structure. Electrical birefringence investigation of DNA solutions supports this view. This principal regularities displayed by relaxation times of electric birefringence decay curves in solutions of chain macromolecules are considered.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020203
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  • 61
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    Umsetzung von Nitroaromaten mit Grignard-Verbindungen, III (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 186-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: m-Dinitro-benzol und einige seiner Derivate (I, II, VII) lassen sich durch aufein-anderfolgende Einwirkung von Alkylmagnesiumhalogeniden, Methylamin/Formaldehyd und Essigsäure zu Mannich-Verbindungen von Dinitrodialkylcyclohexenen (Vb-e, VIII) umsetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970126
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  • 62
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    Die Reaktion cyclischer Allylbromide mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 132-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Brom-cyclo-penten,-hexen und-hepten reagieren mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid unter Bildung der jeweiligen cyclischen Monoolefine. Ann substituierten 3-Brom-cyclohexenen wurde gezeigt, daß die Reaktion sowohl als einfache nucleophile Substitution des Broms durch Wasserstoff als auch unter Allylumlagerung mit Angriff des Hydridions am C-Atom 1 verläuft. Die in beiden Allylstellungen bromierten cyclischen Olefine reagieren mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid unter Bildung mehrerer Produkte, die durch Angriff des Hydrids an einem halogentragenden C-Atom (a), an einem olefinischen C-Atom (b) und an einem Brom-atom (c) entstanden sind. Reaktion (a) liefert Monoolefin, (b) ergibt 4-Bromolefin und nach (c) entsteht 1.3-Diolefin. Die Eliminierung nach (c) wurde allerdings nur am unsubstituierten Cyclohexen- und Cycloheptendibromid beobachtet. Für die Eliminierung wird ein weitgehend koplanarer Übergangszustand angenommen, der bei den anderen untersuchten Dibromiden nicht möglich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970118
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  • 63
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    Desaminierung des 9-Amino-Δ4(10)-octalins (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Desaminierung des 9-Amino-Δ4(10)-octalins in essigsaurer Lösung gibt zu etwa 80% die substituierten Allylalkohole Δ9(10)-Octalol-(1) und Δ4(10)-Octalol-(9) nebst Acetat, sowie die aus diesen durch normale Wasserabspaltung hervorgehenden Hexaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970122
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  • 64
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    Untersuchungen in der Isothiochroman -Reihe (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von β-Phenäthylmercaptan mit Aldehyden und Chlorwasserstoff entstehen [α-Chlor-alkyl]- β-phenäthyl-sulfide, die mit Aluminium-chlorid unter Ringschluß zu Isothiochromanen reagieren. - 1-Chlor-isothio-chroman, durch Einwirkung von Chlor auf Isothiochroman gewonnen, liefert mit Alkyl- oder Arylmagnesiumhalogeniden 1-Alkyl- bzw. 1-Aryl-isothiochromane, mit Mercaptanen 1-Alkylmercapto-, mit sekundären Aminen 1-Di-alkylamino- und mit Alkoholen 1-Alkoxy-isothiochromane. - Durch Umsetzung der letzteren mit Natriumhydrogensulfit entsteht Isothiochroman-sulfonsäure-(1), die in Isothiochroman-S-dioxid-sulfonsäure-(1) bzw. deren Ester übergeführt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970125
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  • 65
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    Zur Kenntnis des 1.2- und 3.4-Benzpyrens (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 218-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1.2-Benzpyren gibt der Bromierung das 5.8-Dibromderivat II und bei der Chlorierung das 3.5.8.10-Tetrachlorderivat V. Aus II wird das 5.8-Dinitril III und daraus die entsprechende Dicarbonsäure IV dargestellt. Die Hydrierung des 1.2-Benzpyrens führt zunächst zu einer Hexahydroverbindung, die ein Anthracenderivat ist, und dann zu dem Decahydro-1.2-benzpyren VI, das einen Naphthalinkern enthält. Die Oxydation verläft sehr komplex und liefert neben dunklen Kondensationsprodukten nur geringe Mengen zweier Säuren, die bei der Decarboxylierung Phenanthren und Triphenylen geben. - 3.4-Benzpyren liefert unter milden Bedingungen das 5-Brom-Derivat VII. Weitere Chlorierung von Trichlor-3.4-benzpyren VIII führt zum Trichlor-3.4-benzpyren-tetrachlorid IX.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970132
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  • 66
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    Mittlere Ringe, XXII. Die Reaktionen der 1.2-Benzo-cyclenyl-(4)-amine mit salpetriger Säure (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Produkte des Zerfalls der 1.2-Benzo-cyclenyl-(4)-diazonium-lonen (II) in Essigsäure werden mit denen der Acetolyse der 1.2-Benzo-cyclenyl-(4)-tosylate (VI) verglichen. Die erste Reaktion vollzieht sich am Beispiel des Vertreters mit 7-gliedrigem Ring mit 53-proz., die zweite mit 89-proz. Konfigurationserhaltung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970136
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  • 67
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    Oxydation von Thioschwefelsäure durch Thionylchlorid und Sulfurylchlorid (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 282-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thioschwefelsäure läß sich mit Thionylchlorid in guten Ausbeuten unter Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung zu einem äquimolaren Gemisch aus Disulfan-disulfonsäure und Trisulfan-disulfonsäure oxydieren. Mit Sulfurylchlorid bildet H2S2O3 neben HCI und Schwefeldioxid reine H2S4O6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970139
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  • 68
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    Darstellung und Umwandlungen der 4.5.8-Trihydroxy-6-mercapto-chinolin-carbonsäure-(2) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4.5.8-Trihydroxy-6-mercapto-chinolin-carbonsäure-(2) (II) wird durch Spaltung des Xanthogenats XV mit Aluminiumbromid dargestellt. Die Spaltung von XV mit Bromwasserstoffsäure führt zur reduktiven Abspaltung der Schwefelfunktion. Bei der Methylierung von II mit Diazomethan entsteht neben dem vollmethylierten Chinolinderivat XXI ein Chinolon XXII, bei dem die zur Chinolon-Carbonylgruppe peri-ständige 5-Hydroxygruppe unmethyliert bleibt. II ist wider Erwarten nicht identisch mit einem aus dem Ommochrom „Ommin A“ dargestellten Abbauprodukt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970140
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  • 69
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    Notiz über das Verhalten von 2.2.2-Trichlor-1.1-bis-[3.5-dichlor-2-hydroxy-phenyl]-äthan gegenüber Alkali (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 300-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970144
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  • 70
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    Über die Oxydation von Pyrogallol und Pyrogalloderivaten, IV. Die Konstitution der Purpurogallin-carbonsäure-(9) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation von Pyrogallol in alkoholischer Lösung wird Purpurogallincarbonsäure-(9)-ester gebildet, dessen Konstitution sich aus dem Abbau zu Purpurogallin und Methylterephthalsäure ergibt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970202
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  • 71
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    Zur Kenntnis der o-Chinone, XXIV. Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von 1′.2′-Dihydroxy-6.7-benzotropolonen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 312-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1′.2′-Dihydroxy-benzotropolon-Derivate können nach zwei Methoden dargestellt werden: 1.aus 3 Moll. eines o-Benzochinons mit unsubstituierter Doppelbindung und 1 Mol. eines geeigneten Pyrogallolderivates, 2. durch Oxydation eines Gemisches geeigneter Brenzcatechin- und Pyrogallolderivate mit KJO3 bzw. K3[Fe(CN)6]. Bei der Umsetzung von o-Benzochinonen mit 4-Methylpyrogallol wird nur dasjenige Isomere (I a) gebildet, bei welchem die Reaktionspartner im Orientierungskomplex die räumlich günstigste Anordnung (Methylgruppe auf der von der Verknüpfungsstelle abgewandten Seite) haben. Zwei Synthesen für Trimethylpyrogallol und die Darstellung von 2′-Hydroxy-benzotropolon-chinon-(1′.4′) (VIII) werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970203
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  • 72
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    Über die Darstellung symmetrischer Tetraaryläthane und deren Fähigkeit zur Dissoziation in Radikale (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 349-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: symm. Tetra-pyrenyl-(3)-äthan (III), symm. Di-pyrenyl-(3)-diphenyl-äthan (VII), 2.3-Di-[pyrenyl-(3)]-butan (IX), 2.2.5.5-Tetramethyl-3.4-diphenyl-3.4-di-[pyrenyl-(3)]-hexan (X) und Hexa-pyrenyl-(3)-äthan (XI) wurden dargestellt und ihre Fähigkeit zur Dissoziation in Radikale bei Raumtemperatur mit Hilfe der Elektronenspinreasonanz -Method (ESR) untersucht. Mit Ausnahme von 2.3-Di-[pyrenyl-(3)]-butan sind sämtliche der untersuchten Verbindungen bei Raumtemperatur partiell, das Hexa-[pyrenyl-(3)]-äthan erwartungsgemäß quantitativ dissoziiert. Beim symm. Tetra-α-naphthyl-äthan (VIII) ist dagegen keine Radikaldissoziation nachweisbar. - Das von Pyren ausgehend in guter Ausbeute in zweistufiger Synthese darstellbare symm. Tetra-pyrenyl-(3)-äthan ist im organischen Solvens bei Raumtemperatur unlöslich. Es ist im festen Zustand zu 0.0025% in Radikale dissoziiert. - Die Abhängigkeit der Carbonylfrequenz im IR-Spektrum von Mono- und Diarylderivaten des Formaldehyds vom Kondensationsgrad des Arylrestes wurde untersucht.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970207
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  • 73
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    Über die Synthese von Pyridazino Pyridazion [3.2-b] chinazolonen-(10) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 390-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Halogen-pyridazine reagieren mit Anthranilsäure oder Anthranilsäure-äthyl-ester zu Pyridazino[3.2-b ]chinazolonen-(10), deren Eigenschaften beschrieben werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970211
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  • 74
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    Untersuchungen in der Cyclobutanreihe, XII. Zwei stereoisomere Dimere des Cyclobutadiens (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 382-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei Eliminierung des Chlors aus cis-3.4-Dichlor-cyclobuten mittels Natriumamalgam in äther. Lösung entsteht das syn-Tricyclo[4.2.0.02.5]octadien-(3.7) (I), identisch mit dem früher aus 1.2.3.4-Tetrabrom-cyclobutan erhaltenen Produkt. Bei ähnlicher Behandlung mit Lithiumamalgam bildet sich überwiegend das isomere anti- Tricycloocatadien (II). Die Ozonspaltung und einige Derivate dieser Kohlenwasserstoffe werden beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970210
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  • 75
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    Die Umsetzung von L-Tryptophan und L-Histidin mit Hexosen) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von L-Tryptophan mit D-Fructose liefert kristallisierte 2-Nα-L-Tryptophan-2-desoxy-D-glucose(I), mit D-Glucose 1-Nα-L-Tryptophan-1-desoxy-D-fructose (II), Aus L-Histidin und D-Fructose entsteht 2-Nα-L-Histidin-2-desoxy-D-Glucose (II).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970214
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  • 76
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    Über die Reaktionen der Hexacarbonyle der Chromgruppe mit Bipyridyl-(2.2′) und 1.10-Phenanthrolin (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 426-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung der Hexacarbonyle der Chromgruppe mit Bipyridyl-(2.2′) bzw. 1.10-Phenanthrolin geht die Substitution über die Tetracarbonylstufen M(CO)4bipy bzw. M(CO)4phen hinaus, wenn man in hochsiedenden Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie Decalin, Tetralin oder 1-Methyl-naphthalin arbeitet. Während mit Mo(CO6 und W(CO)6 die Dicarbonylverbindungen M(CO)2bipy2 bzw. M(CO)2phen2 gebildet werden, entstehen mit Cr(CO)6 die totalsubstituierten Typen Cr(bipy)3 und Cr(phen)3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970216
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    Zur Kenntnis der Chemie der Metallcarbonyle in flüssigem Ammoniak, XII. Die Reaktionen der Hexacarbonyle der Chromgruppe und ihrer Bipyridyl-(2.2′)- und 1.10-Phenanthrolin-Substitutionsprodukte im Ammonosystem (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Hexacarbonyle M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo, W) setzen sich bei 120° mit flüssigem NH3 zu den Tricarbonyltriamminverbindungen M(CO)3(NH3)3 um; nur beim Cr(CO) 6 ist bei 80° auch Cr(CO)5NH3 zugänglich. Bei den Reaktionen von M(CO)4bipy und M(CO)4phen (bipy = Bipyridyl-(2.2′), phen = 1.10-Phenanthrolin) mit flüssigem NH3 erfolgt bei 120° Substitution einer CO-Molekel unter Bildung der Verbindungstypen M(CO)3 bipyNH3 bzw. M(CO)3phenNH3. Bei den Umsetzungen von M(CO)4bipy mit Kaliumcyanid in flüssigem NH3 wird bei 60° bipy vollständig durch CN⊖ ersetzt. Hierbei werden mit Cr(CO)4bipy K2[Cr0(CO) 4(CN)2], mit Mo(CO)4bipy und W(CO)4bipy unter gleichzeitiger CO-Substitution K3[M0(CO) 3(CN)3] gebildet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970217
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  • 78
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    Die Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion von Isocyanaten mit Benzolderivaten (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 472-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aryl- und Alkylisocyanate reagieren mit Benzolderivaten unter Friedel-Crafts-Bedingungen zu N-substituierten Benzoesäureamiden. Auch die wenig reaktionsfähigen Halogenbenzole sind der Umsetzung zugänglich.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970222
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  • 79
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    Zur Epimerisierung von Galanthamin (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 563-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das kürzlich als 2-Hydroxy-4.5-epoxy-6-O-methyl-tetrahydro-apogalanthamin beschriebene Abbauprodukt aus Galanthamin wurde als (-)-Epigalanthamin identifiziert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970236
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  • 80
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    Die Polymerisation der Chinonmethide (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wegen der zentralen Stellung der Chinonmethide in der Chemie des Lignins wurden 3 niedermolekulare p-Chinonmethide auf ihre chemischen Reaktionen und ihre Polymerisation untersucht. Die Polymerisate sind zur monomeren Stufe abzubauen und bestehen aus fortlaufend verätherten p-Hydroxy- benzyl-alkoholen (Polybenzylaryläthern) vom Typus XX.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970239
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  • 81
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    Geometrische Isomerenpaare mit bevorzugter cis-Struktur, VI. 1.4-Difluor- und 1.4-Dichlor-butadien-(1.3) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 602-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die cis-Formen geometrischer Isomerenpaare scheinen ganz allgemein energie ärmer zu sein, wenn nicht H-H-Wechselwirkung oder extreme Raumbeanspruchung wie beim 1.2-Dijod-äthylen vorliegen. Die Isolierung der geometrischen Isomeren der im Titel genannten Verbindungen erlaubt deren Strukturzuordnung und die Untersuchung der thermischen Gleichgewichte. Die cis-cis-Isomeren sind in Benzollösung energetisch gegenüber den trans-trans-Isomeren stark bevorzugt, welche bei den Meßtemperaturen von 100° und 150° nur zu 10 bis 15% im Gleichgewicht vertreten sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970242
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  • 82
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    Optical Rotatory Dispersion Studies, LXXXVIII. Vergleichende Messungen der Optischen Rotationsdispersion und des Zirkulardichroismus der N-Phthalyl-Derivate von Aminen und α- Aminosäuren (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 533-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Messungen der Optischen Rotationsdispersion und des Zirkulardichroismus von N-Phthalyl-aminen beweisen die Existenz von mindestens einer optischaktiven Absorptionsbande im Bereich oberhalb von 300 mμ, die im UV-Spektrum nicht erkennbar ist. Aus dem Vorzeichen der zugehörigen Cotton-Effekt-Kurve kann die absolute Konfiguration bestimmt werden: N-Phthalyl-Derivate optisch-aktiver Amine der (R)-Reihe zeigen einen negativen Cotton-Effekt, solche der (S)-Reihe einen positiven. Entsprechende Messungen an N-Phthalyl-Derivaten von α-Aminosäuren führten zum Nachweis von mindestens zwei optischaktiven Absorptionsbanden, die wiederum im UV-Spektrum nicht erkennbar sind. Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt ein weiteres Beispiel dar für die Anwendung der Optischen Rotationsdispersion und besonders des Zirkulardichroismus zur Ermittlung verdeckter Absorptionsbanden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970233
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  • 83
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    Zur Kenntnis des Cyanformaldehyds (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 566-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei Versuchen, Cyanformaldehyd herzustellen, wurden bei Raumtemperatur nur Cyanwasserstoff und Kohlenmonoxyd bzw. Ameisensäure erhalten. Dagegen konnten das Oxim und Phenylhydrazon des Cyanformaldehyds, beide in syn- und anti- Form, dargestellt werden. Das Cyanformaldoxim ist extrem unbeständig gegen Basen, die den exothermen Zerfall in Dicyan und Wasser katalysieren. Das Oxim und Phenylhydrazon sowie geeignete Derivate konnten nicht zu Abkömmlingen des s-Triazin-trialdehyds trimerisiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970237
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  • 84
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    Über Inhaltsstoffe aus Teak (Tectona grandis L.), II. Konstitution and Synthese des Tectols und Dehydrotectols (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 588-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Für die im Teak aufgefundenen Verbindungen Tectol (C30H26O4, I) und Dehydrotectol (C30H24O4, V) konnte die Konstitution durch Abbau, Reaktion mit Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester, Überführung ineinander sowie durch die Synthese des Tetrahydrotectols (IX), Tectols und Dehydrotectols festgelegt werden. V dürfte das erste in der Natur aufgefundene tieffarbige Dehydrodinaphthol sein. Da es in festem Zustande ein schwaches ESR-Signal gibt, liegt es wohl teilweise als Radikal XIII vor. Ein Cyclisierungsprodukt X aus Tectol und andere Verbindungen aus Teak werden beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970240
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  • 85
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, XXVII. Spaltung der Schwefel-Stickstoff-Bindung in Dialkylamino-sulfanen durch Borchloride (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 709-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Spaltung der Schwefel-Stickstoff-Bindung der Verbindungen CH3SNR2 (R = (CH3, C2H5), [(CH3)2N]2SO durch Borchloride berichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970312
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  • 86
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    Über Osonhydrazone, XIV. Darstellung von Osonhydrazon-oximen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 725-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oson-1-hydrazone und Osazone, die nur asymmetrisch disubstituierte Hydrazinreste enthalten, reagieren mit Hydroxylamin unter Bildung von Oson-1-hydrazon-2-oximen. Mit primären Hydrazinen lassen sich daraus Mischosazone herstellen. Vergleichend wird über entsprechende Derivate des Methylglyoxals berichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970315
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  • 87
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    Über die Bestimmung der Acidität starker Säuren mit Hilfe aliphatischer Diazoverbindungen, I. Synthesen und Infrarotspektren weitgehend säurestabiler aliphatischer Diazoverbindungen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 735-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Einige aliphatische Diazoverbindungen - hauptsächlich aus der Reihe des Diazocyclopentadiens und der Bis-alkyl- bzw. Bis-arylsulfon-diazomethane - mit zum Teil recht hoher Säurestabilität werden dargestellt. Die der NN-Schwingung zuzuordnende Infrarotabsorption im Wellenzahlenbereich um 21OO/cm verschiebt sich mit zunehmender Säurestabilität nach höheren Frequenzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970317
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  • 88
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    Zur Synthese von pentaarylierten Phosphoranen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 741-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triphenylphosphin sowie Phenyl-biphenylen-phosphin wurden durch Umsetzung mit Phenylazid und anschließend Methylbromid in die zugehörigen Iminiumbromide I und III übergeführt, die sich bei Einwirkung von Lithiumarylen zu pentaarylierten Phosphoranen abwandeln ließen. Nach diesem neuen Verfahren konnten außer Pentaphenylphosphoran die analogen Verbindungen IV, V und XI präpariert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970318
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  • 89
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    Polyacetylenverbindungen, LIII. Synthese natürlicher Acetylenverbindungen aus dem Tribus Anthemideae L (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 801-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Drei Vertreter der im Tribus Anthemideae L. Weit verbreiteten Enolätherspiroketale werden synthetisiert. Die als Recemate erhaltenen Enoläther stimmen IR-spektroskopische mit den Naturstoffen überein. Eine weitere Verbindung, die erstmals von N. A. SÖRENSEN isoliert worden ist, wird in ihrer Struktur durch Synthese gesichert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970323
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  • 90
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    Alkali-Phosphorverbindungen und ihr reaktives Verhalten, XXV. Zur Reaktion der Alkaliphosphide MePHR mit CO2 (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 721-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkaliphosphide vom Typ MePHR (R = C6H5, c-C6H11; Me = Na, K) reagieren mit Kohlendioxid bzw. Chlorameisensäure-äthylester unter Metall-Wasserstoff- Austausch über die Zwischenprodukte MeP(R)CO2 Me bzw. MeP(R)CO2C2H5 zu prim. Phosphinen und Organophosphin-P.P-bis-carboxylaten bzw. -[carbonsäure-äthylestern] RP(CO2Me)2 bzw. RP(CO2C bzw. RP(CO2 C2H5)2. - Im Gegensatz zu den nicht existenten Säuren RP(CO2H)2 (Zerfall in CO2 und RPH2) sind die Ester RP(CO2C2H5)2 relativ luftbeständige, destillierbare Flüssigkeiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970314
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  • 91
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    Tetramethylstibonium-tetrakis-trimethylsiloxy-alanat,-gallanat und -ferrat (III) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 842-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung des Pseudoalkalisilanolats Heptamethylstibinosiloxan mit Tris-trimethylsiloxy-aluminium, -gallium und -eisen entstehen spontan und quantitativ wohlkristallisierte, neuartige Tetramethylstibonium-tetrakis- trimethylsiloxy-metallate des Typs [(CH3)4Sb]⊕{Al, Ga, Fe[OSi(CH3)3]4}⊖. Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften sowie IR- und NMR-spektroskopische Daten beweisen für diese Verbindungen eine ionische Struktur aus tetraedrischen Tetramethylstibonium-Kationen und Tetrakis-trimethylsiloxy-metallat-Anionen, die inzwischen auch durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert werden konnte. Die Struktur- und Bindungsverhältnisse werden an Hand der vorliegenden spektroskopischen und kristallographischen Daten diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970329
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  • 92
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    Synthesen mit Kohlenmonoxyd, II. Lactone durch Hydroformylierung ungesättigter Carbonsäureester (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 863-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatische bzw. alicyclische α.β-und β-γ-ungesättigte Carbonsäureester liefern in Gegenwart von Co2(CO)8 als Katalysator mit Synthesegas bei 200-250β gesättigte mono- bzw. bicyclische Lactone. Bei längerkettigen α.β-ungesättigten Estern werden infolge Isomerisierung während der Reaktion neben γ- auch δ-Lactone erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970333
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  • 93
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    Über die Reaktion des Methylazids mit Antimon(V)-chlorid und Chlorwasserstoff. Stabilisierung des Methylenimins durch Salzbildung (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 884-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Methylazid mit Antimon(V)-chlorid in Methylenchlorid wurde ein Addukt der Zusammensetzung H3CN3:SbCl5 erhalten, das unter der Einwirkung von trockenem Chlorwasserstoff in Methylenchlorid in ein stabiles Methylenimmonium-hexachloroantimonat(V) (V) überging. Bei Ersatz von Chlorwasserstoff durch Deuteriumchlorid entstand N-monodeuteriertes Methylenimmonium-hexachloroantimonat(V). Die IR-Spektren aller dargestellten Verbindungen wurden aufgenommen und zugeordnet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970337
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  • 94
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    Das Vorkommen von Benzylaryläthern im Lignin (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 909-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lignin nach Björkman wurde mit Methanol/Chlorwasserstoff und mit wäßrigem Schwefeldioxyd behandelt. Dabei vermehren sich die titrimetrisch ermittelten Phenolgruppen. Entsprechende Versuche wurden ausgeführt mit Modellsubstanzen und den als Zwischenprodukte der Ligninbildung erkannten β-γ-Diaryläthern des Guajacylglycerins. Etwa jede achte bis zehnte Einheit des Coniferenlignins besteht aus Guajacylglycerin, das am γ-Hydroxyl mit Arylgruppen veräthert ist. Die γ-Aryläther entstehen bei der Addition von Phenolen an Chinonmethide und bei der Polymerisation der Chinonmethide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970340
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  • 95
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    Alkylierungen und Glykosidierungen über Silyl-Derivate (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 934-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Oxalychlorid mit silyliertem 4.5-Diamino-uracil (I) führt unter Ringschluß zu 2.4.6.7-Tetrakis-trimethylsiloxy-pteridin (II); silylierte Aminopyrimidine ergeben unter diesen Bedingungen Purin-Derivate. Die besonders leicht alkylierbare Tetrakis-triäthylsilyl-harnsäure VI liefert bei Einwirkung von Dimethyl-bzw. Diäthylsulfat. oder Methyljodid fast quantitativ z. T. sonst nur schwer zugängliche Derivate wie 1.7.9-Trimethyl- (VIIa), 1.7.9-Triäthyl-(VIIb), 1.3.7.9-Tetramethyl- (VIIc) und 1-Methyl-harnsäure (XIII). Ebenso läßt sich silylierte Harnsäure VI gut in 3-Stellung glykosidieren. So konnten erstmals Harnsäure VI gut in 3-Stellung glykosidieren. So konnten erstmals Harnsäure-3-glucosid (XIXf), -3-ribopyranosid (XIXd) und -3-ribofuranosid (XIXe) erhalten werden. Letzteres ist mit dem in der Natur vorkommenden Ribosid identisch.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970404
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  • 96
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    Peptidähnliche Systeme, II. Neuartige Thiosemicarbazino-(4)-essigsäure-Derivate (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 989-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Hydrazinhydrat bzw. Derivaten des Hydrazins und Isothiocyanato-essigsäure-äthylester werden Thiosemicarbazino-(4)-essigester dargestellt. Analog wie bei den Oligo-„[semicarbazino-[4]-essigsäuren]“ wird eine „Di-[thiosemicarbazino-(4)-essigsäure]“-Kette aufgebautExaktere Bezeichnungen wären hier zu unhandlich, vgl. 46. Mitteil., vorstehend. Es wird über einige Eigenschaften und Reaktionen der neuen Verbindungen berichtet. Außerdem werden IR-Spektren wiedergegeben und diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970409
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidähnliche Systeme, I. α-Semicarbazino-(4)-fettsäurereste als Bausteine neuartiger Oligo-Verbindungen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 983-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Cbo(Tosyl)-Hydrazinen und verschiedenen α-Isocyanato-fettsäure-äthylester werden α-[1-Acyl-semicarbazino-(4)]-fettsäure-äthylestern dargestellt. [1-Acyl-semicarbazino-(4)]-essigester wird in das Hydrazid übergeführt und erneut mit Isocyanato-essigester umgesetzt, wobei ein Stoff mit zwei aneinandergeknüpften Semicarbazino-(4)-acetyl-Resten erhalten wird. Diese Kettenverlängerung wird bis zum Acyl-„tetra-[semicarbazino-(4)-essigester]“Für die Bezeichnung der neuen Verbindungen werden hier häufig verschiedene Vorschläge gemacht. Exakte Namen werden für die einfacheren Verbindungen oder Verbindungstypen meistens nur einmal wiedergegeben, während bei einer wiederholten Erwähnung Vereinfachungen getroffen werden. Für die höhermolekularen stoffe muß wegen der Kompliziertheit auf eine korrekte Bezeichnung (ähnlich wie bei den Peptiden) ganz verzichtet werden) fortgeführt. Es werden einige Eigenschaften und IR-Spektren der auch als „Azapeptide“ aufzufassenden neuartigen Verbindungen diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970408
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pterine aus 2.4.5-Triamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin und ZuckernAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem III. Internat. Pteridin-Symposium in Stuttgart im Sept. 1962. (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 1002-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Pterine, die bei der Kondensation von 2.4.5.-Triamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin (I) mit Glucose bzw. Ribose mit oder ohne Hydrazinzusatz entstehen, wurden papierchromatographisch getrennt und weitgehend identifiziert. Es sind neben den 8/9-isomeren Tetra- und Trihydroxy-butyl-pterinen bzw. den Tri- und Dihydroxy-propyl-pterinen vor allem 8-Polyhydroxyalkyl-9-methyl-pterine und 9-Methyl-pterin.  -  Der komplizierte Reaktionsablauf und die Vielfalt der Reaktionsprodukte wird gedeutet.  -  Unter speziellen Bedingungen lassen sich vier Pterinderivate ohne schwierige Reinigungsoperationen isomerenfrei darstellen: 1. 9-[Tetrahydroxy-butyl]-pterin, 2. 8-[Tetrahydroxy-butyl]-pterin, 3. 8-[1′.2′-Dihydroxy-äthyl]-9-methyl-pterin und 4. 2-Acetamino-4-hydroxy-9-[3′.4′-diacetoxy-buten-(1′)-yl]-pteridin.  -  Bei der katalytischen Hydrierung von 9-Polyhydroxyalkyl-pterinen tritt eine stufenweise Eliminierung der Hydroxylgruppen der Seitenkette ein.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970411
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von Quercetylenderivaten (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 1057-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das von MALKIN und NIERENSTEIN durch Einwirken von Zink/Acetanhydrid erhaltene vermeintliche Quercetylen ist kein Dimerisierungsprodukt, sondern Pentaacetoxy-flaven-(3). Ausgehend von Flavonolen über die Thioflavonole sind Quercetylen-decamethyläther und andere Biflavenylidene-(4) zugänglich, deren Struktur diskutiert wird.  -  Mit Ausnahme des Quercetylenäthers zeigen die Biflavenylidene Piezochromie und Piezomagnetismus.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970417
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1.3-Dipolare Cycloadditionen, VI. Anlagerung der Nitrilimine an Azomethine und Isocyanate (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 1085-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus den Cycloadditionen der Nitrilimine an 14 Azomethine gehen 4.5-Dihydro-1.2.4-triazole in guter Ausbeute hervor. Diphenylnitrilimin lagert sich an die CN- und die CO-Doppelbindung der Arylisocyanate an, wobei 1.3-Diphenyl-4-aryl-1.2.4-triazolone-(5) und 2.4-Diphenyl-1.3.4-oxadiazolon-(5)-arylimide entstehen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19640970421
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