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  • 1975-1979  (7,762)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,763)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3,254)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (745)
  • Nuclear reactions
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Years
Year
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 691-706 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems connected with the transformations of energy in the living systems are reviewed. Possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation by input of radiant energy over a critical level is considered as a route for overcoming the barriers of activation energy under the conditions of a pump and a thermalizing environment. Molecular force fields constitute the pump. Under our scheme excitons constitute the major fraction of bosons to so condense. Instantaneous dipoles of London theory are then examined as excitons. Lastly an energy packet from a quantized dipolar field is suggested rather than the concept of “conformons.” Questions of charge and of other modes of energy transfer are briefly discussed.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 739-743 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown in the present work that a protein globule can mediate the donor-to-acceptor electron transport, when the protein is in the solution or incorporated into the membrane.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 707-737 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A quantitative conformational theory of proteins is developed that enables one to predict the native structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence. The theory is based on the following principles: (1) the spatial structure and conformational properties of a protein are predetermined by its amino acid sequence; (2) the native conformation of a protein corresponds to the free energy minimum; (3) all interactions within a protein molecule are specified as short-, mediumy-, and long-range types, interactions of different types being consistent with each other. The role of the short-, medium-, and long-range interactions in the spatial organization of a protein globule is discussed, and a step-by-step analysis of amino acid sequences with gradually increasing lengths is presented. The proposed theory is based on a semiempirical computational method that involves quantitative evaluation of all pairwise atomic interactions within a protein molecule in an aqueous medium. Examples illustrating the suggested approach are presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 745-752 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the Bogolyubov's rate equation from the theory of superfluidity the possibility of Bose condensation of phonons in biological systems and the validity of Fröhlich's hypothesis has been proved. We took into account both the third and the fourth anharmonism in the rate equation. All the processes with active phonons (from one to four) of biological active modes have been investigated. Taking into account these processes the expression for the chemical potential is shown to be changed, but the conditions for Bose condensation of phonons still exist. For the first time we point out the possibility of soliton wave packet propagation in the coherent systems of phonons and photons. The possibility of Bose condensation of excitons in biological systems is also discussed.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 917-930 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A free radical was produced enzymatically by incubating benzo(a)pyrene with liver microsomes. This radical, identified as the 6-oxybenzo(a) pyrene radical, was sufficiently reactive to bind covalently with nucleic acid bases. Similar reactive free radicals were produced enzymatically from anthanthrene and 10-aza-benzo(a)pyrene, which are carcinogenic in spite of lacking so-called “bay regions.” Hepatocarcinogens such as 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and related compounds, naphthylamines, and 2-acetylaminofluorene yield free radicals after being incubated with liver microsomes. Thus, various kinds of chemical carcinogens are found to be converted to free radicals, suggesting causal significance for the formation of free radicals in chemical carcinogenesis.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1009-1019 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Size and shape parameters for the core, bonding, and lone electron pairs of the ten-electron hydrides (CH4, NH3, H2O, HF) were determined from ab initio MO wave functions using various Gaussian basis sets. The fundamental features of approximate electron pair loge representation are somewhat more sensitive to the quality of the basis functions than the molecular total energy. The total size of the molecular electron distribution is less affected by basis set variations than its components: the core, bonding, and lone pair sizes. There is an apparent tendency to “preserve” the total size of molecular distribution.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1021-1031 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We consider the effects of a non-muffin-tin charge density in the multiple-scattering method. The study is carried out by means of a parametrized electronic density, which is used in a variational expression for the energy of the molecular system. We show that, at least in two situations, the parametrized density reproduces the true density very well. In a numerical study of the electronic configuration of the CH4 molecule, we show that the non-muffin-tin density may shift the one-electron energies by as much as 1 eV and the total energy by as much as 1 Ry.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1033-1049 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For each of HNO, FNO, LiNO, LiON and HF2-, ab initio valence-bond wave functions are reported for the four-electron three-center bonding unit which involves one of the following sets of atomic orbitals: (a) NX σ-bond (X = H, For Li) and oxygen 2pπ′; (b) LiO σ-bond and nitrogen 2pπ′; (c) hydrogen 1s and fluorine 2pσ. Six S = 0 valence-bond structures pertain for this type of bonding unit. For HF2- and FNO, the calculated bond-eigenfunction coefficients for some of these valence-bond structures differ appreciably according to whether the Slater determinants include only the electrons of the four-electron three-center bonding unit, or all of the valence-shell ± inner-shell electrons. For HNO, LiNO, and LiON, the all-electron and all valence-shell electron calculations generate similar sets of bond-eigenfunction coefficients. For each of the nitrosyl systems, the bond-eigenfunction coefficient with largest magnitude is calculated to be that for which zero atomic formal charges occur in the valence-bond structure. Qualitative valence-bond and “increased-valence” descriptions of the bonding are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 109
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1051-1068 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various electronic indices calculated by the CNDO/s-CI method for uracil, 5-fluorouracil, thymine, and cytosine and the Woodward-Hoffmann rule applied to the photodimerization of these molecules lead us to the following conclusions: (i) decrease of the C5—C6 bond order consequent to excitation is generally correlated with the photodimerization reaction for all the biological pyrimidines; (ii) excited pyrimidine molecules may be nonplanar and the excitation would be delocalized over both the molecules which photodimerize; (iii) electrostatic interactions may play a significant role in the initial stages of the photodimerization reaction; (iv) singlet precursors to the stable triplet photodimers may exist; and (v) electron density does not, in general, increase in the C5—C6 bond in the excited state as compared to the ground state, contradicting the proposals of some earlier workers. Hybrid population densities and σ-bond orders have been calculated for the first time for the molecules. Fluorine in 5-fluorouracil perturbs the hybrid populations as compared to those of uracil mainly in its vicinity.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1069-1101 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel approach is developed for optimizing molecular orbitals within the context of a multiconfiguration self-consistent-field problem. The MCSCF wave function is determined through a sequence of eigenvalue problems in the multiconfiguration space and the single-excitation space. They are used to iteratively improve the natural orbitals, which in turn are related, by successively improved transformations, to the MCSCF orbitals. The mathematical problems arising out of this general concept are solved and the computational implementation is discussed. In many applications the method has proven itself as a powerful approach in forcing rapid convergence. Adaptation to spin and spatial symmetry is maintained throughout and the procedure is applicable to excited states as well as to ground states.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1103-1139 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The direct dissociation of ethylene into two methylenes is studied along the least motion reaction path by means of an ab initio multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) calculation. All eight configurations arising from those valence orbitals that form the CC bonds, seven of them singlet coupled and one triplet coupled, are taken into account. The HCH bond angle is optimized along the entire reaction path. Separate MCSCF optimizations are carried through for the lowest two states of 1Ag symmetry. The (1Agσ2π2) ethylene ground state dissociates into two (3B1σπ) ground-state methylenes. The (1Agσ2π*2) excited state of ethylene dissociates into two (1A1σ2) excited methylenes. It is established that both these dissociations proceed without any barrier in the energy curve. In the ground state, where orbital symmetry is conserved, the π-bond breaks before the σ-bond, and the calculated heat of reaction agrees within 6 kcal/mol with the experimental value. In the excited state, where orbital symmetry is not conserved, the nonbonded repulsion between methylene σ2 lone pairs is found to blend into the antibonding character of the excited ethylene, yielding an energy curve that is everywhere repulsive. However, the variation of the HCH angle during the dissociation process is not simple, initially it expands and subsequently it contracts. Quantitative analytical approaches are developed which furnish conceptual interpretations of the orbital changes and configurational changes along the reaction path.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 112
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1149-1150 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1151-1155 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1141-1148 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The semiempirical MINDO/3 method is employed to calculate the energies of various tautomers of model tautomeric compounds -  2-oxo- and 4-oxopyridines and pyrimidines. The results are compared with experimental data in the gas phase, where the solute-solvent interactions not included in theoretical calculations are absent. Although the relative energies obtained by the MINDO/3 method appear to be superior to other semiempirical and ab initio calculations, the accuracy of the method was determined to be as low as 3-4 kcal/mol. It indicates that it is exceedingly difficult to account theoretically for intrinsic stabilities of the tautomers. The importance of various factors influencing calculated free-energy differences is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the problem of geometry optimization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1265-1277 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dans la méthode ab initio ordinaire pour calculer des orbitales molćulaires le nombre d'intégrales à évaluer augmente comme M4, où M est le nombre de fonctions de base. Dans le présent article une méthode alternative est discutée où le temps de calcul augmente beaucoup moins rapidement. Les éléments de matrice du potentiel de déformation sont calculés par des méthodes utilisant des transformées de Fourier, tandis que les éléments de matrice du potentiel des atomes neutres sont calculés par des intégrales transmissibles. Ces intégrales transmissibles (moments des potentiels des atomes neutres) peuvent ětre évaluées une fois pour toutes et incorporées comme input dans des programmes d'ordinateur. Dans un appendice on discute un théorème de développement général. Ce théorème permet un développement d'une fonction radiale arbitraire autour d'un autre centre.
    Abstract: In der üblichen ab-initio-Methode für Molekülorbitalberechnungen wächst die Anzahl von Integralen, die berechnet werden müssen, wie M4, wo M die Anzahl von Basisfunktionen ist. In diesem Artikel wird ein alternatives Verfahren diskutiert, wo die Rechnungszeit viel weniger schnell mit M wächst. Matrixelemente des Deformationspotentials werden mit Fourier-transformmethoden berechnet, während Matrixelemente des Potentials der neutralen Atome mit Hilfe von übertragbaren Integralen berechnet werden. Diese übertragbaren Integrale (Momente der Potentiale für neutrale Atome) können ein für allemal berechnet und als Inputdaten in Computerprogramme eingegliedert werden. In einem Appendix wird ein allgemeiner Entwicklungssatz diskutiert, der eine Entwicklung einer wilkürlichen kugelsymmetrischen Funktion um ein anderes Zentrum erlaubt.
    Notes: In the usual ab initio method of calculating molecular orbitals, the number of integrals to be evaluated increases as M4, where M is the number of basis functions. In this paper, an alternative method is discussed, where the computation time increases much less violently with the number of basis functions. Matrix elements of the deformation potential are evaluated by Fourier transform methods, while matrix elements of the neutral-atom potential are evaluated by means of transferable integrals. The transferable integrals (moments of the neutral-atom potentials) can be evaluated once and for all and incorporated as input data in computer programs. In an appendix to the paper, a general expansion theorem is discussed. This theorem allows an arbitrary spherically symmetric function to be expanded about another center.
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  • 116
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1307-1319 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Il est démontré que les éléments de matrice des générateurs du groupe unitaire par rapport à des états antisymétriques et adaptés au spin sont proportionnels aux éléments de matrice du spin de certaines permutations, dites de “line-up.” Le facteur de proportionalité est donné explicitement comme une fonction simple des nombres d'occupation orbitalaires. Les permutations “line up” sont données a priori, si la théorie est basée sur des produits d'orbitales ordonnés. Les formules finales ont une structure très simple, ce qui découle directement du fait que les fontions de spin ont été choisies de façon à ětre géminalement antisymétriques.
    Abstract: Es wird gezeigt, dass die Matrixelemente der Generatoren der unitären Gruppe zwischen spinangepassten antisymmetrischen Zuständen den Spinmatrixelementen gewisser so-genannten “line-up”-Permutationen proportional sind. Der Proportionalitätsfaktor wird explizit als eine einfache Funktion der orbitalen Besetzungszahlen gegeben. Die “line-up”-Permutationen werden a priori gegeben, wenn die Theorie auf geordnete Orbitalprodukte basiert. Die endgültigen Formeln haben eine sehr einfache Struktur, was eine direkte Folge der Tat sache ist, dass die Spinfunktionen als geminal-antisymmetrisch gewählt worden sind.
    Notes: Matrix elements of unitary group generators between spin-adapted antisymmetric states are shown to be proportional to spin matrix elements of so-called “line-up” permutations. The proportionality factor is given explicitly as a simple function of the orbital occupation numbers. If one bases the theory on ordered orbital products, the line-up permutations are given a priori. The final formulas have a very simple structure; this is a direct consequence of the fact that the spin functions have been taken to be geminally antisymmetric.
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  • 117
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1347-1356 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: La méthode de relaxation optimale pour la recherche des valeurs propres d'une matrice symétrique, proposée par Shavitt, est adaptée pour résoudre le problème des équations de mouvement. Les matrices Z et Y sont obtenues en une seule diagonalisation; les matrices A et B ne sont pas modifiées par le calcul. La méthode est particulièrement utile quand la base est de grande dimension ou quand elle n'est pas orthogonale, si l'on ne recnerche que les énergies de transition le plus basses.
    Abstract: Die von Shavitt vorgeschlagene Methode mit Optimalrelaxierung für die Bestimmung der Eigenwerte von symmetrischen Matrizen, ist zur Lösung des Bewegungsgleichungsproblems angepasst worden. Die Matrizen Z und Y werden durch eine einzige Diagonalisierung erhalten, wobei die Matrizen A und B unverändert bleiben. Dieses Verfahren ist besonders anwendbar, wenn die Basis hochdimensional oder nicht orthogonal ist, und nur die tiefsten Übergangsenergien gebraucht werden.
    Notes: The method of optimal relaxation to determine the eigenvalues of symmetric matrices, as proposed by Shavitt, has been adapted to solve the equation-of-motion problem. Matrices Z and Y are obtained by one diagonalization, while matrices A and B remain unchanged. This procedure is particularly useful for high-dimensional or nonorthogonal bases, if one needs only the lowest transition energies.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 118
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1321-1335 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Les expressions explicites des éléments de matrice des générateurs du groupe unitaire entre des configurations à N électrons, antisymétriques géminalement et adaptées au spin, données comme des éléments de matrice par rapport aux fonctions de spin de certaines permutations orbitalaires, sont obtenues à l'aide des techniques diagrammatiques de la théorie à N corps indépendante du temps. Il est démontré aussi comment ce procédé peut ětre combiné avec les méthodes graphiques des algèbres de spin pour obtenir des expressions explicites des facteurs de spin, quand un schéma de couplage a été choisi. Cette méthode-ci fournit des expressions explicites pour les permutations orbitalaires qui définissent les facteurs de spin. Si préférable la détermination explicite des permutations “line-up” peut ětre évitée, parce qu'elles sont contenues implicitement dans les diagrammes orbitalaires. Ceci explique aussi la raison de choisir des fonctions de spin géminalement antisymétriques, si on demande un formalisme simple.
    Abstract: Die expliziten Ausdrücke für die Matrixelemente der Generatoren der unitären Gruppe ziwschen geminal-antisymmetrischen spinanggepassten N-Elektronenkonfigurationen, gegeben als Spinfunktionenmatrixelemente gewisser Orbitalpermutationen, werden mittels der Diagrammverfahren der zeitunabhängigen Vielteilchentheorie abgeleitet. Es wird auch gezeigt, wie dieses Verfahren mit der in den Spinalgebren benutzten graphischen Methoden kombiniert werden kann, um explizite Ausdrücke der Spinfaktoren zu erhalten, wenn ein bestimmtes Kopplungsschema gewählt worden ist. Diese Methode gibt explizite Ausdrücke für die Orbitalpermutationen, die die Spinfaktoren definieren. Wenn gewünscht kann die explizite Bestimmung der “line-up”-Permutationen in diesem Verfahren vermieden werden, da diese implizit in den Orbitaldiagrammen enthalten sind. Dieses erklärt auch warum die geminal-antisymmetrischen Spinfunktionen benutzt werden müssen, wenn einen einfachen Formalismus gewünscht wird.
    Notes: The explicit expressions for the matrix elements of unitary group generators between geminally antisymmetric spin-adapted N-electron configurations in terms of the orbital occupancies and spin factors, given as spin function matrix elements of appropriate orbital permutations, are derived using the many-body time-independent diagrammatic techniques. It is also shown how this approach can be conveniently combined with graphical methods of spin algebras to obtain explicit expressions for the spin factors, once a definite coupling scheme is chosen. This method yields explicit expressions for the orbital permutations defining the spin factors. However, if desired, the explicit determination of line-up permutations can be avoided in this approach, since they are implicitly contained in the orbital diagrams. It also clearly indicates why the geminally antisymmetric spin functions have to be used when a simple formalism is desired.
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  • 119
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1337-1346 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: La position et l'intensité des bandes d'absorption d'un nombre de colorants chalcone ont été calculées par la méthode FEMO. Les trois à quatre maximums d'absorption de ces molécules ont été calculés en admettant que la molécule consiste de deux parties, avec le clivage hypothétique au site de la liaison C=O de façon à fournir six et huit électrons π à ces parties, respectivement. Puis chaque partie est traitée comme une entité indépendante. Les maximums d'absorption obtenus par l'application des conditions de Kuhn sont en accord avec les valeurs expérimentales. Ces maximums ont été corrigés par rapport aux perturbations dues aux groupes fonctionnels substitués avec une électronégativité plus importante que celle du carbone. Les forces d'oscillateurs correspondant aux maximums d'absorption ont aussi été calculés.
    Abstract: Die Lage und Intensität der Absorptionsbanden einer Reihe von Chalconfarben sind mit der FEMO-Methode berechnet worden. Die drei bis vier Absorptionsmaxima dieser Moleküle wurden unter der Annahme berechnet, dass das Molekül aus zwei Teilen besteht. Die hypothetische Spaltung befindet sich in der C=O-Bindung, so dass die zwei Teilen 6 und 8 π-Elektronen, bzw., enthalten. Jeder Teil wird dann als eine unabhängige Einheit behandelt. Die mit den Kuhn'schen Bedingungen erhaltenen Absorptionsmaxima stimmen mit den Experimentalwerten überein. Die von den substituierten Funktionalgruppen mit höherer Elektronegativität als Kohlenstoff herrührenden Störungsenergiekorrektionen zu den Absorptionsmaxima sind auch berechnet worden. Die diesen maxima entsprechenden Oszillatorstärken sind weiter berechnet worden.
    Notes: The position and intensity of the absorption bands of a number of chalcone dyes have been calculated on the basis of the free-electron molecular-orbital (FEMO) theory. The three to four absorption maxima of the chalcones are calculated by assuming the molecule to consist of two parts. The hypothetical cleavage is affected at the site of C=O bond such that first and second part of the molecule contains six and eight π electrons, respectively. Each part is then treated as an independent entity and the absorption maxima obtained by the application of joint and continuity condition of Kuhn are in agreement with the experimental values. The perturbation energy correction due to the substituted functional groups with higher electronegativity than carbon have also been made in the absorption maxima. The oscillator strengths corresponding to the values of the absorption maxima have been obtained as well.
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  • 120
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1357-1368 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: L'utilisation effective des relations hypervirielles a été examinée en détail pour améliorer les approximations des fonctions d'onde représentant des états excités pour l'oscillateur harmonique. Une nouvelle méthode est présentée, qui utilise simultanément les relations hypervirielles nondiagonales et la relation diagonale. Afin d'employer plus effectivement ces relations les aspects suivants sont mis en évidence: (i) la méthode présentée est utile pour obtenier de meilleurs résultats raisonnables pour les énergies d'excitation et les fonctions d'onde; (ii) il faut que l'état fondamental donné satisfasse au théorème du viriel; (iii) dans l'opérateur hyperviriel utilisé ici comme xm, les valeurs les plus petities de m donnent les meilleurs résultats; (iv) l'utilisation d'un nombre relativement restreint de fonctions de base de type exp (-γ|x|) suffit pour reproduire l'état excité exact. Surtout la seconde condition est importante. Tenant compte de ces points-ci on a obtenu pour les deux premiers états excités des résultats sensiblement améliorés pour l'énergie d'excitation, la fonction d'onde et d'autres quantités physiques comme les moments de transition et les forces d'oscillateur. On trouve aussi que la méthode présentée ici est plus efficace que l'emploi des relations hypervirielles non-diagonales seules ou la méthode de Gopinathan.
    Abstract: Die effektive Anwendung der Hypervirialrelationen wird detailliert untersucht, um angenäherte Wellenfunktionen für angeregte Zustände des harmonischen Oszillators zu verbesseren. Eine neue Methode wird vorgelegt, die gleichzeitig die nicht-diagonalen und die diagonale Hypervirialrelationen verwenden. Um diese Relationen effektiver anzuwenden werden folgende Punkte unterstrichen: (i) die neue Methode gibt bessere Resultate für die Anregungsenergien und die Zustandsfunktionen; (ii) der gegebene Grundzustand muss den Virialsatz erfüllen; (iii) in dem hier benutzten Hypervirialoperator xm geben kleinere Werte von m bessere Resultate; (iv) die Verwendung einer relativ kleinen Anzahl von Basisfunktionen von Typ exp (-γ|x|) genugt um den exakten angeregten Zustand zu reproduzieren. Besonders die zweite Bedingung ist wichtig. Unter Berucksichtigung dieser Observationen sind fur die zwei ersten angeregten Zustande betrachtlich verbesserte Ergebnisse fur die Anregungsenergie, Wellenfunktion und andere physikalische Grosse wie z.B. Ubergangsrnomente und Oszillatorenstarke erhalten worden. Die vorgelegte Methode ist auch effektiver als die Anwen-dung der nicht-diagonalen Hypervirialrelationen allein oder der Methode von Gopinathan.
    Notes: The effective utilization of hypervirial relations is scrutinized to improve the approximate excited-state functions in the harmonic oscillator system. A new method is presented which simultaneously employs the off-diagonal hypervirial relations with the diagonal hypervirial relation. In order to use these relations effectively, the following points are pointed out: (i) the presented method is useful to get better reasonable results for the excitation energies and the state functions; (ii) the ground state given must satisfy the virial theorem; (iii) in the hypervirial operator used here as xm, the smaller integers of m's present better results; and (iv) the employment of the comparatively small number of trial basis functions of the type exp (-γ|x|) is sufficient for reproducing the exact excited state. Especially among them, condition (ii) plays an important role. Applying all the proposals to the first and the second excited states, one gets a highly improved excitation energy, state function, and other physical quantities (e.g., transition moment and oscillator strength). The presented method is also found to be more effective than the employment of only the off-diagonal hypervirial relations or the method of the scaling operation.
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  • 121
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 122
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that multiple scattering Xα calculations on Ni(CO)4 predict a strong back-donation effect contrary to what is stated in previous papers on the subject.
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  • 123
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 15-35 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For a few organic semiconductors we present calculations performed on a simple model by means of the field-theoretical formulation of the “different-orbitals-for-different-spins” method. The numerical methods are extensively described and the results are discussed in comparison with other methods existing in the same domain.
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  • 124
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 37-47 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) method is outlined that is designed for correlation and prediction of the spectra and other properties of complex molecules. Within the ZDO approximation, the reactive (π-bonding and nonbonding) electrons are treated explicitly considering the σ electrons as an unreactive static potential. The electronic repulsion integrals are evaluated using the multipole expansion formulas, which allow the characterization of each orbital by specification of its quadrupole moment, from which all two-center repulsion integrals involving it would be computed. A preliminary application of the all reactive electron self-consistent field (ARE-SCF-CI) MO method is made to organic carbonyls as well as some selected cyanine dyes. The predicted n → π* and π → π* transition energies and intensities are in good agreement with experimental data. The calculated ionization potentials are 0.2-0.7 eV lower than the observed values. The present method, although it requires further possible refinements, bridges the gap between the simplicity of the PPP method and the required overall interpretation of the electronic properties.
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  • 125
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diatomics-in-molecules method is applied to calculate the ground state 1A′ potential energy surface for LiOH. Three different sets of polyatomic basis functions are investigated. An adequate description of the surface is obtained only with the set including both neutral and ionic atomic states.
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  • 126
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 7-14 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A model for the Fermi contact interaction is proposed in which the charge and magnetic moment of the nucleus are uniformly distributed within a sphere of radius r0. This leads to a Schrödinger equation, which is solvable without perturbation theory. In the mathematical limit r0 → 0, the usual Coulomb plus delta function potential is obtained. It is shown that the magnetic perturbation energy goes to zero for a repulsive delta function, to -∞ for an attractive delta function. A projected application is to computation of nuclear spin-spin coupling constants in molecules, particularly HD.
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  • 127
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 57-71 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The minimal number of independent nonzero atomic integrals that occur over arbitrarily oriented basis orbitals of the form R(r) · Ylm(Ω) is theoretically derived. The corresponding method can be easily applied to any point group, including the molecular continuous groups C∞v and D∞h. On the basis of this (theoretical) lower bound, the efficiency of the permutational approach in generating sets of independent integrals is discussed. It is proved that lobe orbitals are always more efficient than the familiar Cartesian Gaussians, in the sense that GLOs provide the shortest integral lists. Moreover, it appears that the new axial GLOs often lead to a number of integrals, which is the theoretical lower bound previously defined. With AGLOs, the numbers of two-electron integrals to be computed, stored, and processed are divided by factors 2.9 (NH3), 4.2 (C5H5), and 3.6 (C6H6) with reference to the corresponding CGTOs calculations. Remembering that in the permutational approach, atomic integrals are directly computed without any four-indice transformation, it appears that its utilization in connection with AGLOs provides one of the most powerful tools for treating symmetrical species.
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  • 128
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 169-180 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some expansion and completeness theorems for operator manifolds, which are currently being employed in propagator theory, are derived. It is shown that excitation or ionization operators satisfying the conditions QΛ†|0〉 = |Λ〉 and QΛ|0〉 = 0 for general excited states |Λ〉 and reference state |0〉 may be expanded uniquely in particular sets of basis operators. These results are then used to discuss rigorous expressions for fermion propagators.
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  • 129
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 147-167 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We consider the problem of determining variational, external-field-dependent corrections to nonoptimal zero-field nonlinear parameters. Both a direct analytic perturbation analysis and finite perturbation methods are described in a general way and in detail for the SCF approximation. The abstract theory is illustrated by reference to the results of several explicit calculations. Also, the sensitivity of the results to the choice of zero-field values is discussed.
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  • 130
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 181-196 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The geometric aproximation is used within the framework of triple perturbation theory to evaluate the contributions to nuclear spin-spin coupling constants in the water molecule provided by the Fermi contact, the spin-orbit, and the spin-dipolar interactions. The results, obtained with SCF wave functions expanded over Gaussian basis sets of increasing quality, are compared with corresponding coupled Hartree-Fock estimates. The limits of the geometric approximation to coupling constants are discussed.
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  • 131
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 197-205 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The so-called parametric dependency of the electronic wave function in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is discussed. Considering a function beyond this approximation, a new set of equations is derived with parametric and nonparametric dependency. Nuclear and electron reduced density matrices are introduced in this derivation. They are used in a formulation of the problem of separation of nuclear and electronic motion.
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  • 132
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 243-257 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The π-electronic structures of the ground state of linear and highly branched polyenes with up to 80 π-electrons are calculated with particular reference to the alternation of the bond orders. The MO methods adopted are HMO, PPP, variable-β, γ, and its improved version. The effect of the electron correlation through singly and doubly excited configurations is estimated with a second-order perturbation calculation. The calculated bond orders systematically vary with the degree of approximation used. Most of the bond order values can be grouped into either a single or double bond region. In certain series of highly branched polyenes the bond orders of double and single bonds at the root of branching, respectively, get smaller and larger as the size of the molecule increases and sometimes their difference gets diminishingly small. The origin of these abnormal bond orders is discussed in terms of the π-electron flow networks.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 259-259 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 134
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 311-331 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction between two nickel atoms in the configurations (3d)8(4s)2 and (3d)9 (4s)1 has been calculated using ab initio methods (Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction). The results of the calculations compare favorably with the optical spectrum. The discrepancy between the calculated and the experimental dissociation energy is discussed, and a new estimate of the dissociation energy is given. The configuration-interaction calculations show that the interaction between the two nickel atoms is of a very complex nature. In spite of this the binding can be interpreted in a simple way. The bond is minly due to the 4sσg molecular orbital while the 3d orbitals of the two nuclei are exchange coupled.
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  • 135
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 355-358 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 136
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Detailed considerations of the ground-state vector derived for the random phase approximation obtained earlier in a generator coordinate representation employing the unitary group parameter space reveal a particular correlated pair structure. The results of explicit calculations of ground-state averages are discussed.
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  • 137
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 138
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 511-515 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aim of this note is to ascertain the importance of the Fermi-Amaldi (FA) correction for the Thomas-Fermi (TF) theory of atoms. For this purpose, an analytic trial electron density has been chosen and the Thomas-Fermi-Amaldi (TFA) energy expression has been minimized by the Ritz method for the closed-shell atoms Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn. The variationally obtained electron densities have then been used for calculating the diamagnetic susceptibilities of these atoms. The calculated values show only a very small improvement over values calculated by Jensen by an analogous procedure from the TF energy expression.
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  • 139
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 517-532 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Previously determined nonadiabatic wave functions for H2+ (containing several hundred terms) are analyzed by using natural orbitals. This is the first time that the natural orbital concept has been applied to other than purely electronic wave functions. We find that the natural orbital expansion converges rapidly and that five or six terms are sufficient to reproduce the exact expectation values. Several plots are given of the orbitals so found and these allow a visualization of the somewhat abstract nonadiabatic wave function in a format more reminiscent of everyday quantum-mechanical pictures.
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  • 140
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 589-600 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The utility of modifying the virtual orbitals of the Fock operator by introducition of an additional potential is discussed. A particularly convenient form for computational implementations is obtained, and improved methods for the practical solution of the secular problem are recommended.
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  • 141
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 601-610 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Perturbation theory in the vicinity of an RHF closed-shell instability threshold is developed. Equations determining the appearance of new solutions are formulated solely in terms of the electron interaction operator.
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  • 142
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 353-366 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The general aspects of a theory of dense-phase reactions, based on an accurate quantum-mechanical formulation of the rate equation, are considered. Using an adiabatic one-frequency oscillator model, the theory is applied to several important biological processes at low temperatures: the photinduced oxidation of cytochrome C by bacteriochlorophyll, the electron transfer from primary to secondary acceptors in bacterial photosynthesis, and the ligand rebinding of carbon oxide and β-chain of hemoglobin. A very good agreement between theory and experiment is found making use of no more than one or two (or even without any) adjustable parameters.
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  • 143
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 331-352 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A discussion of the experimental evidence for the existence of special-pair chlorophyll in the reaction centers of plants and photosynthetic bacteria is presented, and an assessment of the adequacy of various in vitro chemical model systems designed to mimic the properties of these reaction centers is given. For plant systems it appears that the in vitro models successfully mimic almost all measured in vivo properties, whereas in bacterial systems a similar situation does not obtain. Possible structural models of special-pair chlorophyll derived primarily from in vitro model studies are described. Their suitability as models of the photooxidizable pigment in plant and bacterial reaction centers is analyzed, and alternative structures for the bacterial case, which is the least well characterized structurally, are considered.
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  • 144
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods for determining the thermal measurements of biological objects have found ever increasing application in biology. This paper analyzes the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of biopolymer solutions between 4-400°K. Four distinct temperature regions were discovered, and experiments on these temperature intervals are given.
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  • 145
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 379-386 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational structure of some biologically important compounds (formamide, 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide, and chlorocholine) was examined using quantum-chemical methods. For each of the systems studied a theoretical model (supermolecule approximation, classical continuum model, or hydration shell model) was selected to estimate the influence of solvents on the conformational structure.
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  • 146
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 147
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 395-403 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrostatic molecular potential minima around the guanine-cytosine base pair within a B-DNA minihelix are computed, taking into account the contributions of the sugar-phosphate backbone and of the adjacent base-pairs. The calculations are based on ab initio SCF wave functions of the different constituents of the nucleic acid. The results point to significant differences in the potential between the isolated nucleic acid bases or base-pairs and those within the DNA. Altogether the minima in the G-C regions are strongly enhanced in the minihelix. They benefit from the field created by the neighboring phosphates. From the purely electrostatic viewpoint an ambiguity remains as concerns the relative affinity of N7 and N3 of guanine for electrophiles. On the other hand, guanine should altogether be more susceptible than cytosine to such reagents, this ordering concerning also its NH2 group compared to that of cytosine.
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  • 148
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 387-394 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The regularities of the donor-acceptor interaction of nucleic acid bases and some of their derivatives with the strong acceptor 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in thin amorphous films at 77 K were studied using UV and visible spectroscopy. Purine and pyrimidine bases are shown to form charge transfer TCNQ complexes whose band energies hνct = Ip - EA - (H* - H0) are linearly dependent of the donor ionization potential Ip. Calculated differences between the interaction energies of uncharged molecules and ion radicals, ΔE ≈ 3.0 eV, are in good agreement with experimental variations of the complex dissociation energies in the ground and excited states, (H* - H0) = 2.73 eV. Annealing of the films of complexes containing cytosine, 1-methylcytosine, uracil, and caffeine leads to ordering of their structure and the formation of ion radical salts.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 407-418 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first stage of protein self-organization - the formation of a fluctuating secondary structure in the unfolded protein chain - is considered. The stereochemical theory is presented enabling one to calculate helix-coil and β-structure-coil equilibrium constants. It is shown that the most probable localization of fluctuating α- and β-structure in the unfolded protein chain corresponds to the native localization of these structures. The formation of large α- and β-structural blocks is observed, each of them including several native α-helices or β-strands.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 615-622 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The SCF FPT method in the INDO approximation of molecular orbital theory is employed for calculations of 1H NMR cisoidal coupling constants in model compounds. Obtained results are used for finding conformational states of α-xylo-, β-lyxo-, and α-2′-deoxyribonucleosides in solution.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 605-613 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The semiempirical MINDO/3 method with complete optimization of geometry is employed to calculate the electronic ground-state properties (dipole moments and ionization potentials) and the energies of various tautomeric forms of uracil, uracil monoanion, cytosine, and isocytosine. The results are shown to be consistent with most of the experimental data. Accuracy of various quantum-mechanical methods is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the geometry optimization on energy differences between various tautomers. Some qualitative conclusions of biological importance are drawn from these calculations.
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  • 152
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 631-639 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio SCF computations indicate that the formation of an adduct of glyoxal to the guanidinium ion occurs in two steps. The first addition should occur on an NH2 group, rather than on NHCH3, and the formation of an unsymmetrical adduct IV is competitive and may be even favored over that of the symmetrical adduct III suggested by Takahashi. The barrier for that reaction is higher than for a similar reaction with guanine. The formation of a Schiff base between glyoxal and the guanidinium ion is disfavored because of the large endothermicity calculated for the process, much larger than that predicted for Schiff base formation with simple neutral or protonated amines.
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  • 153
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 669-689 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper presents a critical discussion of recent discoveries on the metabolic transformations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their interactions with nucleic acids in the light of quantum-mechanical theories of chemical carcinogenesis.
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  • 154
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 641-653 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In view of building a workable molecular model of tetraliganded zinc at the active site of carbonic anhydrase, an ab initio SCF study using pseudopotentials is performed on Zn2+(OH2)n from n = 2 to 6, Zn2+(NH3)n-1 (OH2) for n = 2 and 4, Zn2+(NH3)2 (imidazole) (OH2), and their ionized species involving OH- or imidazolate, considering in particular the evolution of the properties of the ligands and of the bound cation upon increasing n and upon replacement of one ligand by another. (Comparison of NH3 and imidazole binding was made in a full SCF calculation.) The results obtained in the tetraliganded complex confirm that zinc binding facilitates water deprotonation more than imidazole deprotonation, so as to reverse the order of their intrinsic ease of ionization. A study of the approach of CO2 toward the active site is made in an electrostatic approximation using as models the most representative of the computed four-ligand complexes.
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  • 155
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 753-760 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Specimens of amorphous zirconium phosphates specifically formed by alkali metal cations were first studied as models of biological membranes. The mechanism of ion motion in zirconium phosphate ultrapores was investigated by the SCF MO LCAO method using a CNDO/2 approximation. Differently arranged dihydrophosphate groups were considered as models of the sorbent channel surface. Analysis of the form of potential surfaces resulting from the motion of lithium, sodium, and potassium ions near the charged centers showed that the value and position of energy barriers essentially depend on the nature of cation and the size of the pore that it penetrated into. Optimum conditions for the selectivity absorption of the ions and their further advance along the ultrapore channel are created if the cation size corresponds to the ultrapore diameter.
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  • 156
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 761-767 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The wave functions of donor-acceptor pairs before and after electron transfer are written as a product of the electron-vibrational wave functions of the donor and acceptor with allowance for the change in the number of electrons on these particles by one after transition. In this approximation, the energy of the initial state is represented as a sum of the electron-vibrational levels of the donor and acceptor and that of the final state as a sum of donor cation and acceptor anion levels. Formulas for the electron transfer probability of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical donor-acceptor pairs have been derived that express the dependence of this process on the ionization potential difference of the donor and the electron affinity of the acceptor, on the vibrational frequencies of these particles, and on temperature.
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  • 157
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a spectrokinetic approach the absorption spectra of the short-lived transient products in the enzymatic reaction of the glutamate decarboxylase with natural substrate are determined for the first time. The quantum-chemical calculations of the electronic structure and spectra of various ionic species of numerous vitamin B6 derivatives allowed a hypothesis on the nature of the intermediate products detected to be suggested. A model of the enzyme functioning taking into account the charge equilibria and some electronic-conformational relations is proposed.
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  • 158
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 777-789 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron-configuration interaction is one of the most general physicochemical approaches used to explain an enzymes functioning. Studying enzymatic reactions requires investigation of the motions of nuclei on a certain PES. In order to obtain the shape of the PES numerous calculations of the total energy of the enzyme-substrate complex were calculated, and are presented in this paper.
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  • 159
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 791-797 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper calculates the interfragment interactions in peptide molecules by taking into account the barriers to internal rotation.
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  • 160
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 809-817 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The primary step in the bleaching sequence of visual pigments has been shown to occur in picoseconds, while the isomerization of model visual pigment chromophores, protonated 11-cis retinylidene Schiff bases, takes place on a time scale several orders of magnitude slower. Thus, the well-accepted notion that the primary step in visual transduction involves a simple isomerization deserves closer examination. Studies of visual pigments and compounds which mimic visual pigment chromophores are discussed in terms of several alternatives for the nature of the primary step. In addition to discussion of photochemical studies, spectroscopic experiments are discussed. To fundamentally understand the nature of the primary processes in visual transduction it is important to understand the photochemistry, and therefore the electronic structure, of pigment chromophores. Spectroscopic studies aimed at elucidating the electronic structure of polyenic systems are thus discussed.
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  • 161
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 799-808 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of the modeling of the radial distribution function for liquid and amorphous polymers is described. The method consists in the use of pair functions of the radial distribution (ideal peaks) for the construction of the distribution function of intramolecular distances and the comparison of the theoretical function with the experimental one. The theoretical functions for two possible conformations of the poly(tetramethylene glycol) macromolecule were computed. It follows from comparison of the computed theoretical functions with the experimental one that the intramolecular distances do not become apparent in the experimental curve. The differential functions containing the contributions of the intermolecular distances only were obtained by subtraction of the theoretical function from the experimental. Comparison of the differential functions of the two conformational states which were taken as models proved that there are large numbers of gauche conformations in the liquid polymer in contrast to the crystalline polymer. On the basis of the analysis of the differential functions for liquid and crystalline poly(tetramethylene glycol), we concluded that the short-range order of the polymer is distorted during the melting in that the basic plane of the poly(tetramethylene glycol) paracrystal becomes almost hexagonal.
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  • 162
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New “reference” circular dichroism spectra of α helix, β-structure (both parallel and antiparallel), β-bends, and the unordered form are obtained from circular dichroism spectra and x-ray data for six proteins (myoglobin, lysozyme, lactate dehydrogenase, papain, ribonuclease, and subtilisin BPN′). Circular dichroism spectra for α-helix and antiparallel β-structure are similar to those for poly(Llysine). The circular dichroism spectrum of the parallel β-structure is qualitatively similar to that theoretically calculated by Madison and Schellman. The circular dichroism spectrum of β-bends is qualitatively similar to that theoretically calculated by Woody. The spectrum of the unordered form is close to that of the denaturated proteins. These “reference” circular dichroism spectra used for the analysis of the secondary structure of ten globular proteins (besides the six reference proteins D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, concanavalin A, cytochrome c, and insulin).
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  • 163
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 973-983 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is introduced which simplifies the derivation of equations for the calculation of statistical sums for vibronic systems. Within the “independent ordering approximation” analytical expressions are found for thermodynamic functions for molecules with degenerate electronic ground state (E-β and E - e types of degeneracies). Vibronic interactions are shown to yield an additional thermodynamic stabilization. The computations were carried out for VCl4 and VBr4 with doubly degenerate electronic ground states. For these molecules the effect is shown to be small.
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  • 164
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1301-1305 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nous étudions l'influence de la composition du développement en ondes partielles dans les calculs de type MSXα sur les énergies de liaison et les énergies orbitalaires pour N2, O2, et F2.
    Abstract: Wir untersuchen wie die Zusammensetzung der Partialwellenentwicklung in MSXα-Berechnungen Total- und Orbitalenergien für N2, O2, und F2 beeinflusst.
    Notes: We explore how the composition of the partial wave expansion in MSXα calculations affects the binding energies and orbital energies for N2, O2, and F2.
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  • 165
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PCILO method was applied to complexes where dispersion energy forms the dominant attractive contribution of the intermolecular interaction energy. With alkane dimers, especially with dimers of higher alkanes (C4H10)2, (C5H12)2, etc., and the ethylene dimer PCILO was successful as to stabilization energy, equilibrium distance, optimal dimer structure, and energy composition. The dispersion energy part is always underestimated, however. With (X2)2 dimers (X = N, F, Cl) PCILO failed, which might be explained by the presence of lone pairs in the subsystems.
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  • 166
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A correlation is shown between carcinogenic potency and K-region electrophilic superdelocalizability for a variety of aromatic compounds.
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  • 167
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 168
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 423-443 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The expectation energy values EK, Vee, Vnn, Ven, and ET have been calculated for H2 and the C1, C2, and C3 hydrocarbons using a (9,5) basis set and the experimental geometries. Treating the theoretical reaction heat, ΔET, as the resultant of the nuclear repulsion term, ΔVnn, and the net electron energy term, ΔEelec = ΔEK + ΔVee + ΔVen, the contribution of inner and outer shell electron energies to ΔEelec, and hence to ΔET, has been calculated for a large number of hydrocarbon reactions by evaluating the Coulson-Neilson energies ηi, where Σηi = Eelec. For the vast majority of reactions, 67/84, the change in inner shell electron energy, (Σηi)inner, accounts for more than 10% of ΔEelec, in many cases being as high as 20-35%. Furthermore, in addition to these cases in which the change in inner shell electron energy serves to augment (significantly) the change in outer shell electron energy, there are other cases in which the change in inner shell electron energy either exceeds in magnitude the change in outer shell energy, or is even opposite in sign, indicative of inner and outer shell electrons acting contrariwise. Inner shell electron energies contribute to the reaction heats because they are structure dependent, like the more familiar orbital energies ε, but the dependence is of a different kind.
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  • 169
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 449-462 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New techniques have been developed for atomic self-consistent-field calculations by numerical integration. For the origin and tail regions we present analytical expansions which can represent the solutions to high accuracy. For the numerical integration in the central region a five-point generalization of the Numerov formula is used; the error term is of the order h10. While this formula is unstable if used in the customary way, stability is achieved by using a Gaussian elimination technique. The new procedures are tested on the ground state of the helium isoelectronic series; with 251 integration points all quantities are calculated with an inherent accuracy of better than 10-11.
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  • 170
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 463-479 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coupled-cluster variational-like direct approach to the calculation of ionization and electron attachment energies and of excitation energies is applied to several π-electron model systems, using the PPP Hamiltonian with various parametrizations. A simple approximation, which represents the triexcited clusters in terms of disconnected W1T2 terms, is employed. All the necessary diagrams for both excitation energy and ionization potential (electron affinity) calculations are given in the compact Hugenholtz nonoriented form. The results of the calculations for benzene, trans-butadiene, all-trans-hexatriene, and fulvene are compared with the corresponding full CI results, and the conclusions about the validity and efficiency of this approach are drawn.
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  • 171
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 611-643 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A definition is given for the spin-tensorial components of a p-electron density matrix for arbitrary p. Certain of these are defined to be standard components, and it is shown that all others can be obtained from them by linear combinations of permutations. When the density matrix is reduced, the standard components either map into standard components of the fewer-electron density matrix or into the origin. One- and two-electron density matrices are treated in greater detail. Reducing bases are given for the spaces in which the spatial coefficients of the spin components are elements. For spin eigenstates traces of all components are determined, and the π = 1 parts of all components are determined in terms of two independent components, which are themselves determined by the two-electron charge density matrix. Geometric consequences are investigated.
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  • 172
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 645-653 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described whereby molecular symmetry is employed to reduce the number of two-electron integrals in perturbed Hartree-Fock calculations of second-order properties. The method is a generalization of the Dacre-Elder procedure. First- and second-rank perturbing tensor operators are examined in the coupled HF approach to electric dipole polarizabilities, magnetic susceptibilities, quadrupole polarizabilities, and spin-dopolar contributions to spin-spin coupling constants. The procedure sketched here permits a large saving of computer efforts, which is shown by some illustrative examples.
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  • 173
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 655-662 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ground and vertical valence ionized states of allene and butatriene have been studied in the ab initio valence bond framework using the 6-31G basis set after contraction and introducing the core-valence shell separation. The final wave functions have been analyzed in terms of VB structures by means of population analysis.
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  • 174
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 663-682 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Desargues-Levi graph represents important chemical transformations: (1) isomerization routes for some carbonium ion rearrangements, (2) isomerization of trigonal bipyramidal structures, and (3) some pseudorotations of octahedral complexes. The symmetry properties of this graph have not been fully investigated in the past. Using the concept of the smallest binary code, all permutations which form the symmetry operations in the graph are registered. The resulting symmetry group can be represented as the direct product of S5 (the full symmetric permutation group on five objects) and Ci (the inversion in the center). There are 14 classes belonging to the following partitionings: 120(1), 1826(1), 1428(1), 1236(1), 123262(1), 2 63(2), 2244(2), 210(3), 54(1), and 102(1). The total of 240 symmetry operations are distributed among the above 14 classes as follows: 1, 10, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20, 30, 30, 15, 10, 1, 24, and 24, respectively. Since partitioning cannot uniquely characterize a class, it is suggested that the distance between vertices in a cycle be introduced as an additional parameter to discriminate among classes having identical partitioning. Also, a suggestion to a generalization of the Mulliken notation for irreducible representations of the point molecular groups valid for more versatile symmetry groups of graphs is indicated.
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  • 175
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 693-700 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new iterative scheme for a simultaneous calculation of the m lowest eigenvalues together with their eigenvectors has been derived for a real symmetric matrix. The scheme is based on the orthogonal gradient method and is easy to use for large-scale configuration-interaction calculations of electronic wave functions. A variant of the scheme deals with nonorthogonal basis functions, which are particularly simple in the case of the bonded-function method of Boys.
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  • 176
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 15 (1979), S. 683-692 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Third-order diagrammatic perturbation theory provides a simple and accurate description of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules beyond that afforded by independent electron models. The largest corrections to such treatments, the fourth-order terms, are presented and discussed. All of the diagrams, which arise when the closed-shell Hartree-Fock function is utilized as a reference function, are given through fourth order.
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  • 177
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 175-188 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A quantum-mechanical model study, aided by classical potential calculations, of the formation of adducts between the candidate ultimate carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide and the amino groups of guanine, adenine, and cytosine is presented. An explanation for the preferential reactivity of guanine is proposed and conformational aspects of adduct formation are discussed for both nucleosides and B-DNA.
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  • 178
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution natural abundance carbon-13 NMR has been used previously to examine molecular motions and conformational transitions in the muscle calcium binding parvalbumins isolated from mirror carp. [S. J. Opella, D. J. Nelson, and O. Jardetzky, J. Chem. Phys. 64, 2533 (1976) and D. J. Nelson, S. J. Opella, and O. Jardetzky, Biochemistry 15, 5552 (1976).] The carbon-13 NMR spectrum of parvalbumin typically reveals the presence of a number of well-resolved resonances from single-carbon sites in the protein. Since accurate assignment of these resonances to specific carbon atoms in the protein is essential before these resonances can be employed as probes of local conformational events, an investigation of the origin of a number of single-carbon resonances has been performed. Carbon-13 NMR on Tb(III)- and Yb(III)-substituted parvalbumin is the principal spectroscopic technique employed; however, results from terbium fluorescence spectroscopy, γ-ray scintillation spectroscopy, and x-ray difference Fourier analysis all contribute to single-carbon site assignment. The principal conclusions drawn from the combined spectroscopic results are that: (1) the downfield carboxyl resonance at 184.6 ppm, previously attributed to Glu-81, whose carboxyl group is involved in an internal ionic bond, originates rather from a carboxyl function coordinating the solvent exposed metal ion, (2) the carbonyl resonance at 168.9 ppm arises from Lys-96, as was previously suggested; and (3) the 11.2 ppm resonance derives from the δ-methyl carbon of Ile-97, a resonance assignment that could not be made previously.
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  • 179
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This survey covers the following topics: (1) Theoretical calculation of the total multitude of the energetically permitted regular DNA helices. (2) Theoretical study of flexibility of the double helix with emphasis on nucleosome structure. (3) Experimental data on the properties of the B to A transition of DNA in solution: the degree of cooperativity and influence of sequence. (4) The B-A transition and its possible role in genes activation.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 215-219 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach is proposed to derive the equation of elementary excitation motion along chains and it is used to obtain an important correction of the equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 181
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By use of empirical 0-1-6-12 atom-atom potential functions and the PCILOCC method intra- and intermolecular interactions of glycero-phosphoryl-ethanolamine model head groups in a planar layer crystal were calculated. Starting from investigations of the two-dimensional energy-contour diagrams the minima of energy as a function of all head group torsion angles were calculated using a gradient procedure. Within an interval of 15 kcal/mol above the energy of the global minimum we obtained about 30 local minima. These results demonstrate a high flexibility of the investigated phosphorylethanolamine head group in agreement with experiment. The ethanolamine moiety exists in enantiomeric conformations. With the torsion angles of the 0-1-6-12 energy minimization procedure PCILOCC calculations were carried out. These calculations yield the x-ray conformation as the most stable one (unit-cell stabilization energy = -36.3 kcal/mol). The PCILOCC as well as the potential function calculations show that the conformation of phospholipid head groups in layer crystals is determined by intramolecular as well as by intermolecular interactions with neighboring phospholipid molecules.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 182
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 221-241 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum chemical results will be presented on drugs, carcinogens, teratogens, and endogenous biomolecules using our new nonempirical ab initio MODPOT/VRDDO method, which incorporates as options to our ab initio LCAO-MO-SCF/CI programs ab initio effective core model potentials (MODPOT) permitting one to calculate only the valence electrons explicitly yet accurately and an integral prescreening technique (VRDDO, variable retention of diatomic differential overlap) especially effective for spatially extended molecules. For molecules of the size of those of interest the MODPOT/VRDDO calculations run an order-of-magnitude faster than with our own fast ab initio programs and still retain accuracy to the third decimal place for the valence electron properties. We have also just implemented a new efficient MERGE technique which allows us to reuse integrals from a common skeletal fragment and only to have to recalculate those for a new atom or group or a change in its position. Examples will be presented of the use of this technique on a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its metabolites. The pKa's, oil-water partition, and drug distribution coefficients as a sensitive function of pH have been measured for a number of drugs as well as for relevant endogenous biomolecules. The pH dependence of the lipophilicities of such molecules has profound implication on appropriate use of such data in QSAR studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 183
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 243-256 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate theory (ART) was applied to a series of reactions of the type A+BC → AB+C containing H, F, HF, H2, and F2, trans-cis isomerization of dideuteroethylene, and processes H + CH4 → H2 + CH3 and H′+CH4 → H′CH3 + H. Geometries and energies of activated complexes were taken from the best ab initio studies reported in the literature in which at least a DZ + P basis set was used and a large portion of the correlation energy was included. Vibrational frequencies needed for the zero-point energies and vibrational partition functions were estimated from the reported potential surfaces (HHF and HFF) or evaluated from SCF 4-31G calculations (HFH, FHF, twisted C2H4, and CH5 complexes). Compatability of calculated rate constants with the experimental data was examined.
    Additional Material: 39 Ill.
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  • 184
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 257-260 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The TΔS0 term has been estimated for various types of van der Waals molecules and its importance for the stability predictions has been demonstrated. With hydrogen-bonded complexes the absolute values of ΔH0 and TΔS0 are comparable at 289°K. With true van der Waals molecules the TΔS0 term even represents a dominant contribution to ΔG0.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 185
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum-chemical calculation of the energies of the electronic transitions and the electronic structures of the neutral and ionic species of the nucleic acids components in their ground and lower excited singlet and triplet ππ* and nπ* states has been carried out in the all-valence-electron approximation CNDO/S. The results of the calculation allow one to identify the most photoreactive sites of the molecules and to consider the dependence of the location of these sites on the ionic state of the molecules. The calculated data are compared with our previous results obtained in a π-electron approximation. The individual absorption spectra of various ionic and tautomeric species of the nucleic acids components obtained by us earlier have been decomposed into bands corresponding to separate electronic transitions. As a rule, there is a good agreement between the calculated data in the two approximations and the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 186
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 833-837 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Excited π-electronic states of cytosine and uracil are calculated by the CI method. The effects of a transition from the single-excited configuration set to the set involving all double-excited configurations are considered. The set expansion is shown to affect essentially the transition energies and oscillator strengths, in particular, an additional electron transition related to the first absorption band occurs in the singlet uracil spectrum. When doubly excitations are taken into account the triplet transition energies considerably increase and become practically insensitive to repulsion integral parametrization.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 187
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 839-845 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rotational isomerization of bipyridines C5H4N—C5H4N was studied by CNDO/2, PPP/CI, and CNDO/CI methods. It is shown that CNDO/2 overestimates the angle of rotation φ between the pyridine rings ca. two times. The angle φ was determined for 2,2′-bipyridine by means of correlation of the theoretical (CNDO/2) and experimental dipole moment. It was also found from the correlation between the theoretical and experimental UV spectra. It is shown that there is an explicit dependence of the results upon the distance between heteroatoms (PPP/CI). It has been found that the CNDO/CI method correctly predicts the value of the rotational angles and their sequence in bipyridines.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 188
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 857-862 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the representation of a completely stiff macromolecule as a long rigid rod and the representation of a semiflexible macromolecule as a chain of freely rotating connected effective rigid rods, the conditions of formation of the liquid-crystalline phase in the solutions of such macromolecules are obtained and the diagram of states for the corresponding phase transitions in the variables temperature-volume fraction of polymer in the solution is constructed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 189
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 863-868 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Atom-atom potential functions for calculation of nonbonded interaction energies of nucleic acids are proposed. Quantitative reliability of the obtained results is checked by using the calculations of intermolecular interaction energy in crystals. Based on the calculations of the interaction energy of the nucleic acid bases the molecular mechanisms of spontaneous mutations are suggested.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 190
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 869-875 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of correlation functions used in the theory of liquids is suggested for investigation of the solvation shell structure in the vicinity of nonpolar surfaces. An approach making it possible to obtain the molecule correlation functions in the solvation shell is worked out. In this approach the correlation functions are the product of the interatomic correlation functions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 191
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 931-935 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rates of variations of the relative yield (αη) and decay time (ατ) with the acceptor concentration (CA) have been calculated in the vicinity of CA = 0. On the basis of the equations obtained, the ratio αη/ατ has been found and a simple scheme of experimental data analysis proposed.
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  • 192
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction energy between water and B-DNA in the single and double helix is computed at a number of planar cross sections perpendicular to the helix long axis and for a few cylindrical surfaces enclosing the helix. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations are presented for a small cluster of water around regions of energy minima. On the base of these simulations the structure of water for B-DNA in solution, the quaternary structure of B-DNA, is proposed and discussed. The intermolecular interaction used in the Monte Carlo computation has been derived from ab initio computations of complexes between water and the DNA bases, diethylphosphate, a ribose derivative, and other model compounds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 193
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 939-954 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quadrupole moments, dipole quadrupole polarizability A, and quadrupole polarizability C values have been obtained for a set of organic molecules, in both the ground and first singlet excited states, by means of Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory. Computations for π systems have been carried out using the PPP-SCF procedure. Results are discussed through the paper and compared with available experimental and theoretical information. Quadrupole moments are shown to be very sensitive to the quality of the wave functions, and the A and C polarizabilities are highly dependent on geometries.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 194
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 955-972 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is proved that the values of various types of physical observables issued from a truncated CI are not size consistent. These observables include electronic transitions, ionization potential, and all the quantities depending on the one-electron density matrix γ. Numerical examples are given. It is found that the error due to this size inconsistency can be important for systems of moderate size (e.g., 16% on a matrix element of γ for a 20-electron system).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 195
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 985-991 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The role of the continuum, so important in ground-state properties, is known to be less important and may even be negligible in the computation of polarizabilities and other higher negative moments of the oscillator strength distribution. This can be rationalized in terms of the solutions of the inhomogeneous equation generating the moments as an alternative to the dominating first term in an eigenfunction expansion. This leads in a natural form to the approximation Fφ0(1 + w(r)) for the perturbed wave function where 1 + w(r) represents a nonuniform scaling of the unperturbed function φ0.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 196
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 993-1007 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper attempts to apply the results of analytic perturbation theory to systems exhibiting some degree of randomness in their state variables. In particular, we focus on the localization problem in the Anderson model. It is shown that this approach proves the existence of bound states as a result of the statistical treatment of the Weinberg-van Winter-Hunziker irreducible N-particle kernel. The analysis is extended beyond the one-particle cluster approach and the occurrence of higher-order clusters is discussed in relation to the diluteness criterion and the conditions set on the interaction potential V.
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  • 197
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1157-1157 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 199
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1161-1194 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Quelques relations essentielles pour la théorie de la représentation et l'algèbre de Wigner et Racah d'un groupe fini ou compact sont discutées et transcrites en termes de diagrammes. Une attention toute particulière est réservée au cas d'un groupe simplement réductible et tous les diagrammes donnés ici sont applicables à SU2 sans aucun changement.
    Abstract: Einige grundlegende Beziehungen für die Darstellungstheorie und die Wigner-Racah-Algebra einer endlichen oder kompakten Gruppe werden diskutiert und mit Diagrammen beschrieben. Besonders betont wird der Fall einer einfach reduziblen Gruppe. Alle Diagramme können ohne Modifizierung auf SU2 angewandt werden.
    Notes: Some basic relations for the representation theory and the Wigner-Racah algebra of a finite or compact continuous group are discussed and transcribed in terms of diagrams. Special emphasis is placed on the case of a simply reducible group and all the diagrams are applicable to SU2 without any change.
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  • 200
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 1195-1207 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: La détermination des coefficients de sousduction pour les états du groupe unitaire U(n) avec les restrictions U(n) ↓ U(n1) ⊗ U(n2) a été considérée pour les états sans spin d'un système à plusieurs électrons. Un procédé simple et adapté à la programmation pour déterminer ces coefficients a été développé en utilisant les propriétés de transformation de la base tensorielle correspondant à la représentation irréductible 〈2N/2-S, 12S〉 de U(n). Ce procédé est illustré par un simple exemple.
    Abstract: Die Bestimmung der Subduzierungskoeffiziente für Zustären Gruppe U(n) mit den Einschränkungen U(n) ↓ U(n1) ⊗ U(n2) ist für die spinfreien Zustände von Vielelektronensystemen untersucht worden. Ein einfaches programmierbares Verfahren für die Bestimmung dieser Koeffiziente ist entwickelt worden, das die Transformationseigenschaften des der irreduziblen Darstellung 〈2N/2-S, 12S〉 von U(n) gehörenden Tensorbasissatzes benutzt. Dieses Verfahren ist mit einem einfachen Beispiel illustriert worden.
    Notes: The determination of the subduction coefficients for states of the unitary group U(n) under the restrictions U(n) ↓ U(n1) ⊗ U(n2) have been considered for the spin free states of many electron systems. Using the transformation properties of the tensor basis spanning the irreducible representation 〈2N/2-S, 12S〉 of U(n) under the permutations of electron coordinates, a simple programmable procedure has been developed for the determination of these coefficients. The procedure has been illustrated using a simple example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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