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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 210-223 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Invertebrate ; Tetracycline ; Growth ; Fibers ; Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La croissance de la carapace deStrongylocentrotus intermedius est étudiée à l'aide de la tétracycline. Des specimens de l'été ne présentent pas de fluorescence dans les plaques, sauf dans le système apical et les régions voisines. Un faisceau d'éléments fibreux, présentant une autofluorescence blanche laiteuse, est orienté perpendiculairement à chaque ligne de suture. Les spécimens de l'hiver ne présentent ces éléments qu'après décalcification des coupes. La croissance de chaque plaque, chez ces derniers s'effectue de la façon suivante: suture longitudinale » surface interne = mamelon et bosse du tubercule 〉 suture transversale 〉 surface externe de la base de l'épine dorsale 〉 surface externe de la plaque. La carapace adulte augmente de taille selon deux mécanismes de croissance: d'une part, par adjonction de nouvelles plaques au système apical et, d'autre part, par apposition sur des régions données de chaque plaque. Il apparait que des éléments fibreux sont intéressés par la croissance de la carapace et qu'un mécanisme différent de croissance s'observe dans les carapaces de l'été et de l'hiver. Le système apical semble se calcifier selon un mécanisme spécifique qui permet une formation active de plaques nouvelles pendant toute l'année.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Wachstum des Skeletes vonStrongylocentrotus intermedius wurde mit Hilfe von Tetracyclin untersucht. Bei Sommerexemplaren konnte die Tetracyclinfluorescenz in den Platten nicht beobachtet werden, außer im apicalen System und seiner anliegenden Umgebung. Eine Menge von fibrösen Elementen mit einer milchig-weißen Autofluorescenz war senkrecht zu jeder Nahtlinie angeordnet. Bei Winterexemplaren waren diese Elemente nur in demineralisierten Schnitten deutlich sichtbar. Der Wachstumsgradient jeder Platte war bei Winterexemplaren der folgende: Longitudinalnaht » innere Oberfläche = Terminalknopf und Hals der Tuberkel 〉 Latitudinalnaht 〉 Oberfläche der Basis des Stachels 〉 äußere Oberfläche der Platte selbst. Das ausgewachsene Skelet als Ganzes vergrößert seinen Umfang auf zwei Wachstumsarten, einerseits durch Zusatz von neuen Platten zum apikalen System, anderseits durch Zuwachs an bestimmten Stellen von jeder Platte. Die Resultate lassen vermuten, daß fibröse Elemente am Skeletwachstum beteiligt sind und daß der Mechanismus dieses Wachstums bei Sommer- und bei Winterexemplaren verschieden ist. Es wäre denkbar, daß das apikale System auf einen spezifischen Mechanismus der Verkalkung ansprechen würde, welcher eine aktive Bildung neuer Platten während des ganzen Jahres erlaubt.
    Notes: Abstract Growth of the test ofStrongylocentrotus intermedius was examined with the aid of tetracycline. In summer specimens, tetracycline fluorescence was not observable in the plates, except in the apical system and its adjacent area. An array of fibrous elements with a milky white autofluorescence was oriented perpendicularly to each suture line. In winter specimens the elements were evident only in demineralized sections. The growth gradient of each plate estimated on winter specimens was as follows: longitudinal sture » inner surface = mammelon and part of boss in tubercle 〉 latitudinal suture 〉 outer surface of base of spine shaft 〉 outer surface of plate itself. The mature test as a whole increases in size by two modes of growth, an addition of new plates to the apical system and an accretion on fixed sites of each plate. The results suggest that fibrous elements are involved in the test growth, and that there is a different mechanism of the test growth between summer and winter specimens. The apical system may be equipped with a specific mechanism of calcification which permits an active formation of new plates throughout the year.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 78-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcification ; Osteomalacia ; Phosphorus ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effects d'une dose de 1 mg de vitamine D3 (40 000 Unités,) administrée par voie intra-veineuse, ont été étudiés sur l'histologie osseuse et le métabolisme du phosphore chez 19 sujets contrôles dont l'histologie était normale et 28 malades présentant les caractères histologiques de l'ostéomalacie par carence vitaminique D. L'administration de la vitamine D n'a entraîné aucune modification histologique ou biologique significative chez les sujets contrôles. Mais chez les ostéomalaciques, il est apparu en moins de sept jours une augmentation très significative du front de calcification à l'interface tissue-ostéoïde-tissue-calcifié. Cette modification s'accompagnait d'une ascension progressive de la phosphatémie et de la réabsorption tubulaire du phosphore atteignant dans le même délai des valeurs normales.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 19 Patienten mit normaler Knochenhistologie und bei 28 Patienten mit histologisch gesicherter Osteomalacie wurde die Wirkung von 1 mg Vitamin D3 (40000 Iv) i.v. auf die Knochenhistologie und den Phosphatmetabolismus untersucht. Bei den Kontrollpatienten konnten keine signifikanten Änderungen nach Vitamin D festgestellt werden, wogegen die Osteomalacie-patienten innerhalb von 7 Tagen eine deutliche Zunahme der Verkalkungszone an der Grenze zwischen Osteoid- und Knochengewebe zeigten. Diese Änderung war von einer fortschreitenden Zunahme des Serum-Phosphates, verbunden mit einer gesteigerten renalen tubulären Rückabsorption des Phosphates begleitet; beide kehrten anschließend gleichzeitig wieder zur Norm zurück.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a 1 mg dose of intravenous Vitamin D3 (40,000 i.u.) on bone histology and phosphate metabolism was investigated in 19 patients with normal bone histology and 28 patients with histological evidence of osteomalacia. No significant changes occurred in the control patients after Vitamin D but the patients with osteomalacia showed a marked increase, within seven days, in the proportion of osteoid having a calcification front. This was accompanied by a progressive rise in the serum phosphate, which was associated with an increase in the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate to normal.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 101 (1969), S. 323-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vitreous body ; Hyalocytes ; Three-dimensional network ; Fibers ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vitreous body of the rat eye was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The freeze-dried specimens were either unfixed, freshly frozen or fixed and rinsed before being frozen. The vitreous body is surrounded by a coat of intercellular material covering a thin sheath of chiefly parallel fibers. The latter forms the base for a regularly organized three-dimensional network of fibers. The interfibrillar spaces are filled with ground substance and also contain a few cells. The shape of the cells varies from bipolar to polyhedronal. Their interconnected processes are usually undivided. The functional importance of this complex regular organization of the fibers and cells in the vitreous body is stressed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 660-671 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; History of chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Exactly 300 years ago in the city of Hamburg, a certain Hennig Brand, self-styled doctor medicinae, and chymist, discovered a strange substance in human urine, which was later called phosphorus (light bearer), a name then common to various luminous substances, and which created much excitement in the latter years of the 17th century on account of its properties. However, it was not Brand who profited from the discovery but others: Johann Daniel Krafft, Johann Kunckel, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, men who knew only too well how to exploit the weaknesses of the discoverer. “Cold fire”, Brand's own name for the new substance, was originally regarded as elemental light or fire, and it was not until the conception of the antiphlogistic theory by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier that the proper position of phosphorus among the chemical elements was recognized. In fact, the element played a decisive role in the overthrow of the phlogiston doctrine, a little over one hundred years after its discovery and almost two hundred years ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Silicon ; Boron nitride ; Phosphorus ; Polymers ; Silicic acid ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The differences between compounds of carbon and of silicon are discussed, and the role of silicon as a fundamental structural component in inanimate nature is described. Starting with silicic acid and silicates, the structure and properties of the silicones and of compounds having Si—C—Si skeletons are described. The possibilities for the formation of high molecular-weight compounds between elements of Groups 3 and 5 of the periodic system are considered, with particular reference to boron nitride and to aluminum-phosphorus compounds.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electrophilic reactions ; Substitution ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions belonging to the formal category of electrophilic substitutions at phosphorus are classified according to mechanism and the coordination number of the phosphorus atom.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 278-285 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyamides ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High molecular weight poly-β-amides with fiber-forming properties (repeating unit—NH—CR2—CR2—CO—) differ from the polyamides of the nylon series in that the amide groups are much more closely spaced. These polymers are thus the nearest of the synthetic polyamides to natural silk. The production of poly-β-amides was made possible by a recent synthesis of β-lactams from olefins and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The anionic polymerization of the β-lactams gives poly-β-amides containing up to 10 000 monomer units in the chain. The molecular weight can be controlled as desired by means of initiators and chain terminators, and the properties can be varied within wide limits by the choice of the β-lactam or by copolymerization of several β-lactams. Remarkable differences are observed between polymers containing structural units in the threo form and those containing erythro structural units. The poly-β-amides can be spun into fibers having valuable textile properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Phosphorus ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation and properties of silicon-phosphorus and aluminum-phosphorus compounds are described. Silylphosphines are decomposed solvolytically by H2O, C2H5OH, NH3, hydrogen halides, C2H5I, and boron halides at the Si—P bond; decomposition may be preceded by formation of an addition compound. Extensive side reactions during the reaction of halogenosilanes with LiPEt2The following abbreviations are used in this paper: Et = C2H5; Me = CH3; M = alkali metal (formation of Et2P—PEt2, HPEt2, Si-rich residues) are due to an excess of LiPEt2 in the reaction mixture. The reaction of LiPEt2 with AlCl3, AlHCl2, and AlH2Cl leads to definite aluminum-phosphorus compounds if only one PEt2 group is present per Al atom, e.g. in (Cl2Al-PEt2)3, or if salts such as Li[Al(PEt2)4] and Li[AlH2(PEt2)2] can be formed with an excess of LiPEt2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 457-471 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Color ; Azo compounds ; Azobisphosphoric acid ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts to explain the surprising violet color of the new azobisphosphonic acid derivatives Y2OP—N=N—POY2 have led to the preparation and spectroscopic characterization of more than 60 azo compounds. The long-wavelength n → π* transitions on which the color depends exhibit regularities which justify the assumption of substitutent-specific absorption increments. The complex relation between color and constitution of azo compounds can be qualitatively explained with the aid of orbital models. Infrared and ultraviolet spectral data show that conjugation is inhibited by tetra-coordinated phosphorus (V). the π-system of these compounds therfore comprises only for atoms, P·N·N·P. The unexpected violet color of the phosphorus azo compounds can be ascribed to a π*/d orbital interaction. The substituent effects described have general significance, and n→π*transitions of other chromophores are similarly affected.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Free radicals ; Polyamides ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of free radicals during the process of drawing of spun fibers was observed for the first time with two polyoxamides. The fibers turn red, and an ESR signal can be detected. Both, color and ESR absorption are not permanent. The decrease in the intensity of the ESR absorption and the change in the optical reflectance with time, as well as the dependence of the decoloration on temperature were investigated. The action of high-energy radiation on the polyoxamides also leads to a red coloration and gives rise to ESR signals. It is concluded that the red color is due to free radicals associated with the oxamido group.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1023-1038 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of heterocycles containing phosphorus is described. The chemical behavior of ring systems containing trivalent phosphorus is mainly determined by their phosphine character; heterocyclic behavior in the ordinary sense is shown by rings containing functional groups. Syntheses and reactions of cyclic compounds of pentavalent and hexavalent phosphorus are particularly interesting.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1007-1013 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sulfur ; Selenium ; Tellurium ; Phosphorus ; Organometallic compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bond fission of molecular sulfur, selenium, and tellurium by lithiotriphenylmetal compounds (of Ge, Sn, Pb) is summarized. The products are suitable as starting materials for synthesis of new “ether analogues”. Transphenylation with tetraphenylstannane is interpreted as a high-temperature variant of the usual fission of chalcogen molecules by nucleophilic reagents. In principle, transphenylation can be applied also to other elements, as is illustrated for phosphorus. In the syntheses achieved, many of the tin-phosphorus compounds arising as intermediates can be isolated.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Tetradentate ligands ; P ligands ; Arsenic ligands ; Phosphorus ; Arsenic ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ligand shape on coordination numbers and geometry of coordination compounds has been studied using two tetradentate ligands containing phosphorus and arsenic. These tend to form five-coordinate complexes with trigonal bipyramidal structure [Fe(II), Co(I), Co(II), Rh(I), Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II)], but can also form six-coordinate complexes with octahedral structure [Fe(II), Ru(II), Os(II), Co(III), Rh(III), Pd(IV), Pt(IV)]. The magnetic properties and the stereochemistry of the complexes are explained by ligand field theory which predicts that, for metal ions with d6-electronic configuration, a low overall field strength should favor the formation of five-coordinate paramagnetic complexes while a high overall field strength should favor the formation of six-coordinate diamagnetic complexes. - This work provides further indication that the tendency of polydentate ligands to use all the potential donor atoms is not as pronounced as is generally believed. This is shown by the isolation of chromium(III) complexes in which the tetradentate ligands are, in fact, acting as tridentate, and by the isolation of mercury(II) complexes where only two of the four donor atoms of the polydentate ligand are actually bonded to the central metal atom.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 460-470 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heat resistance ; Fibers ; Polymers ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This survey is principally concerned with papers published since 1959 on hydrocarbon polymers, aliphatic poly(terephthalamide) fibers, poly(hydroxybenzoic acid) films, poly(oxadiazole) fibers, poly(benzimidazole) films, poly(phenyltriazole) films, poly(pyromellitimide) films, and fibers from cyclized poly(acrylonitrile). All these materials have extremely high melting points and satisfactory in-use characteristics at high temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 523-530 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Semimetals ; Metallic structure ; Nonmetallic structure ; Antimony ; Arsenic ; Bismuth ; Phosphorus ; Tellurium ; Tin ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements on semimetals have been continued. Studies of the dependence on temperature of various properties have provided details regarding the transition from the nonmetallic to the more metallic structure. A second-order transition has been found for tin at 170 °C, in which the c-axis remains unchanged, while the a-axis undergoes a small, discontinuous elongation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 646-654 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyphosphanes ; Phosphanes ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: While silicon and sulfur, which are situated to the left and to the right of phosphorus in the periodic table, from numerous chain and cyclic Si-Si and S-S-compounds with varying numbers of members, until recently the polyphosphance chemistry has been limited to the two-membered compounds diphosphane P2H4 and its derivatives. A number of results obtained in studies on polyphosphanes carried out in recent years will therefore be discussed, which, together with some more recent work by other authors, have led to an expansion of our knowledge of the prepration and properties of straight and branched-chain as well as of cyclic and polycylic -P-P-systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 410-420 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Oligomers ; Pleionomers ; Polymers ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The term “oligomer” is defined, and a survey of methods for the isolation and synthesis of cyclic and linear oligoesters, oligourethanes, oligo(acrylonitriles), and oligoamides is presented. The oligomers serve a valuable function as model substances for the investigation of many properties of the corresponding high polymers. This is shown using several examples (infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, viscosity).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyrrolidone ; Polyamides ; Fibers ; Lactams ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The industrial production of capryllactam (1-azacyclononan-2-one) and of laurolactam (1-azacyclotridecan-2-one) starts with cyclization of acetylene or butadeine to give cyclooctatetraene or cyclooctadiene, or cyclization of butadiene to give cyclododecatriene. Further steps are: oxidation of the cyclic hydrocarbon to the ketone, formation of the oxime, and rearrangement of the latter with sulfuric acid. Pyrrolidone can be prepared from acetylene and formaldehyde by way of butyrolactone. The behavior of the lactams during polycondensation is described and the properties of the resulting fibers are compared with those of the known polyamide fibers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 617-621 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Isocyanates ; Phosphorus ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several aminoaryl esters of phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids were prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentahalides with nitrophenols, followed by catalytic hydrogenation, or by treating aminophenols with phosphorus trihalides and oxidation to pentavalent phosphorus. These amino esters were then converted into isocyanato esters by the action of phosgene. Isocyanates of phosphonates have been synthetized on the same principle, as well as via the Arbusov reaction of halogen-substituted isocyanates with trialkyl phosphites. The reaction of silicon halides or alkylhalogenosilanes with aminophenols yielded aminoaryl esters of silicic acid or its derivatives, which could also be treated with phosgene to convert them into isocyanato esters.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 652-656 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: β-Chloroethanephosphonic dichloride ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylene, phosphorus trichloride, and oxygen react together to give β-chloroethylphosphonic dichloride in good yields. Being a bifunctional acid chloride, this compound undergoes polycondensation reactions with other, at least bifunctional, compounds affording polyesters, polyamides, epoxy resins, etc. β-Chloroethylphosphonic dichloride also may be converted into vinylphosphonic dichloride, thus serving as a starting material for the preparation of vinylphosphonic acid and its derivatives. These undergo both homopolymerization and copolymerization with compounds containing olefinic double bonds. The products are used in the field of synthetic resins, for dressing textiles, and as protective surface coatings.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Lactams ; Polymerization ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Lactams can be prepared by cyclization of β-aimno acid esters. Recently they have become available also from olefins by addition of N-carbonysulfamyl chloride (isocyanatosulfonyl chloride) and from aldehydes by reaction with N-carbonylsulfamyl chloride and ketene. Condensative or anionic polymerization results in polyamides the chains of which contain many more amide groups than the chains of polyamides of the nylon-6 type. Hence the new polymers resemble silk moreclosely. Fibers and films can be prepared from solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1 (1962), S. 532-537 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile ; Fibers ; Azatrimethinecyanines ; Dyes/Pigments ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Like all basic dyes, azatrimethinecyanines possess a good dyeing affinity for acrylic fibers. Compounds with isolated nitrogen atoms in the trimethine chain show insufficient light fastness, whereas good to excellent fastness to light is displayed by compounds having neighboring nitrogen atoms in the chain. Thus, a working hypothesis stating that the light fastness of trimethinecyanines on acrylic fibers is improved by progressive replacement of methine groups by nitrogen atoms has been partially confirmed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Elastomers ; Fibers ; Polyurethanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly elastic polyurethanes suitable for fiber production can be obtained by various synthetic routes based on diisocyanate polyaddition processes. Macrodiisocyanates obtained from long chain diols and diisocyanates are allowed to react with polyamines during fiber formation (chemical spinning process) or the macrodiisocyanates are treated in solvents (e.g. dimethylformamide) with polyamines to give highly viscous, spinnable solutions of polymer. Both methods yield highly elastic polymers with wide-mesh network structures. The production of polyurethane fibers and their structures and physical properties are described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Copolymers ; Fibers ; Vinylidenedicarbonitrile ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyldendicarbonitrile (Vinylidene cyanide) on free redical catalyzed copolymerization shows a much stronger tendency to form 1:1 alternating copolymers than acrylonitrile. While bulk poly(vinylidene cyanide) fails to crystallize, despite its molecular symmetry, several alternating copolymers are readily crystallizable, notably those containing butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, or vinylidene chloride. Fibers have been prepared from a number of the higher melting copolymers and examined for physical properties. Fibers from the vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride copolymers show expectional elastic behavior both when dry and wet. The fiber from the vinylidene cyanide |vinyl acetate alternating copolymer (Darvan® nytril fiber) is only moderately oriented and is characterized by exceptional softness and excellent elastic recovery and resilience, both when dry and wet.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Long periods ; Polyethylene ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Meridional reflections appearing in small-angle X-ray diffraction diagrams of drawn polyethylene are caused by a nearly periodic arrangement of crystalline and disordered regions. The long period, which is determined by the average distance between two consecutive crystallites, depends on the method of preparing the sample. The time and temperature dependences of the positions of the small-angle reflections have been investigated. The growth of the long period of unoriented bulk polyethlene and polyethylene single crystal follows the same time dependence as that of stretched films. However, characteristic differences were obseved in the relationship between density and long period; they are attributed to the fact that in single crystals and in material crystallized from the melt, the chains are folded at the boundaries of the crystallites, whereas this in not the case in stretched polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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