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  • 1990-1994  (143)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1990  (143)
  • 1920
  • Genetics  (143)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The genetics of two homothallic species of the Mucoraceae (1990)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Mucoraceae ; Zygomycetes ; Homothallic ; Genetics ; Nutritional complementation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Auxotrophic strains of Mucor genevensis and Zygorhynchus exponens were crossed and the resulting zygospores germinated. The presence of a true sexual cycle in both species was demonstrated by the recovery of recombinant genotypes. Expected Mendelian ratios were not realized, however. The presence of selfed zygospores among those isolated makes this observation understandable. It was possible to demonstrate nutritional complementation when young mating mycelium was transferred to minimal medium and forced heterokaryons were recovered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189949
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The rheumatic poison: a survey of some published investigations of the immunopathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (1990)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 4 (1990), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Henoch-Schönlein purpura ; Pathogenesis ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Laboratory studies of the pathophysiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) have become more numerous in recent years with the recognition of the disease's links with the mucosal immune system in general and IgA nephropathy in particular. There are weak genetic associations with C4 null phenotypes and with HLA B35 and DR4. Studies of plasma proteins in HSP patients show an increased IgA concentration, activation of the alternative pathway of complement and consumption of factor XIII. High molecular weight (polymeric) IgA has been detected in affected individuals, which some investigators have called “immune complexes”. Many patients synthesise an IgA rheumatoid factor in the acute phase, but other autoantibodies are largely absent. In vitro studies of lymphocytes from HSP patients have demonstrated an increased number of IgA-bearing and secreting B-cells, with altered T-cell regulation of antibody synthesis. While these observations point to immune dysregulation — primarily of IgA production — as a consistent feature of acute HSP, there is as yet insufficient information available to allow a consistent theory of pathogenesis to be formulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00869841
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Common mechanisms in proboscis extension conditioning and visual learning revealed by genetic selection in honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1990), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Honeybees ; Learning ; Classical conditioning ; Selection ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Four strains of the honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis), which were selected for high (N=2) or low (N=2) performance levels in classic conditioning of olfactory and mechanosensory stimuli, were examined in two instrumental visual learning tasks. Bees were trained to coloured cardboards either at the hive entrance or at the feeding station. Positive correlations were detected between olfactory/mechanosensory conditioning and visual learning. Good and poor learners from strains selected for olfactory conditioning differed significantly in their visual learning values. These strain differences reflect genetic differences in a common learning system rather than task specific differences in sensory, motor or motivational components. Parameters that were influenced by activity of the colony (duration of stay at the feeding place, time between visits) also differed among selected strains. These effects were not due to selection. Instead, they reflect a specific genetic background produced in each strain independently of selection. The results indicate that associative learning has a genetic basis which is independent of the sensory stimuli associated with reward, the learning procedure (classical conditioning or instrumental learning) or the motor patterns used to execute the learned behavior (proboscis extension, control for flight behavior, open field orientation).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192025
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radiological “metamorphosis” in a patient with severe congenital osteogenesis imperfecta (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen type I ; Radiology, classification ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Congenital osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was diagnosed by ultrasound in a 31-week-old fetus, and the diagnosis confirmed after delivery by caesarean section at week 36. The baby survived the neonatal period, but failed to thrive, had recurrent respiratory infections and ultimately died at 8 months. Cultured fibroblasts synthesized both normal type I collagen and unstable type I collagen harbouring a structural defect in the α1(I) cyanogen bromide-derived peptide number 8 (CB8) region of the molecule, indicating a heterozygous dominant mutation. A+ birth, the radiological picture was that of the “thin bone”-type of congenital OI (OI type IIB/III in the Sillence classification); at the age of 12 weeks ribs and long bones had undergone a marked expansion giving a very different picture, that of the “thick bone”-type congenital OI (OI type IIA). The mechanism responsible for this change in bone structure is not known, but fractures and callus formation are unlikely to be the only factors. Caution is needed in the interpretation of radiographs of newborns with OI for prognostic or genetic purposes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02009659
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Approximate analysis of variance of spatially autocorrelated regional data (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of classification 7 (1990), S. 53-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1343
    Schlagwort(e): Analysis of variance ; Choropleth map ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Geography ; Permutation test ; Spatial autocorrelation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Cet article présente une solution au problème de l'analyse de variance, pour certains cas où la variable à analyser est spatialement autocorr élée alors que le critère de classification représente des sous-régions connexes du territoire à l'étude. On sait que les méthodes classiques d'analyse de variance ne sont pas applicables dans ce type de situation puisque la condition d'indépendance des échantillons n'est pas respectée; l'autocorrélation positive réduit la variabilité intragroupe, si bien que la quantité relative de variabilité intergroupe s'en trouve artificiellement augmentée. Cette situation correspond en réalité à une vaste catégorie de problèmes en génétique des populations, en écologie et dans d'autres branches de la biologie, ainsi qu'en épidémiologie, en géographie, en géologie, en science économique, en science politique et en sociologie. Ce nouveau test appartient à la famille des tests par permutation. Nous calculons la somme des dispersions intragroupes et testons contre une distribution de référence obtenue en permutant les régions géographiques un grand nombre de fois sur la carte. La véritable difficulté de ce test est d'ordre algorithmique, puisqu'il n'est pas facile de permuter des régions sur une carte, de façon à ce que chaque groupe demeure connexe, et que la carte permutée occupe le même espace total que la carte d'origine. Cet article présente la théorie, les algorithmes, ainsi que des résultats obtenus par cette méthode. Un programme écrit en PASCAL est disponible.
    Notizen: Abstract The classical method for analysis of variance of data divided in geographic regions is impaired if the data are spatially autocorrelated within regions, because the condition of independence of the observations is not met. Positive autocorrelation reduces within-group variability, thus artificially increasing the relative amount of among-group variance. Negative autocorrelation may produce the opposite effect. This difficulty can be viewed as a loss of an unknown number of degrees of freedom. Such problems can be found in population genetics, in ecology and in other branches of biology, as well as in economics, epidemiology, geography, geology, marketing, political science, and sociology. A computer-intensive method has been developed to overcome this problem in certain cases. It is based on the computation of pooled within-group sums of squares for sampled permutations of internally connected areas on a map. The paper presents the theory, the algorithms, and results obtained using this method. A computer program, written in PASCAL, is available.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01889703
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetical control and linkage relationships of Isozyme markers in sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.). 2. NADP- and NAD-specific malate dehydrogenases, 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, diaphorase and aconitase (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 593-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; Isozymes ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Pollen fertility restorer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase isozymes were controlled by multiple gene systems. Three genes coding for dimeric enzymes segregated in a dependent fashion (NADP-Mdh 1, NADP-Mdh 2, NADP-Mdh 3). A fourth gene (NADP-Mdh 4), also coded for dimers, but was not polymorphic in B. vulgaris. A fifth gene (NADP-Me 1) coded for enzymes active as monomers. Two genes were found to control the main zone of NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase: one coded for dimers (Mdh 1), while a second (Mdh 2) was not polymorphic in the assessions studied. 6-P-Gluconate dehydrogenase was not polymorphic in B. vulgaris; the two types detected on SGE1 electrophoresis were due to developmental expression of the different systems. No genetical segregations could be detected in progeny of crosses of the distinct phenotypes. A shikimate dehydrogenase gene (Skdh 1) that coded for monomers was identified. The diaphorase system was rather complex, but one gene (Dia 1) coding for monomeric enzymes could be identified. Aconitase was found to be controlled by two independent genes (Aco 1, Aco 2), both polymorphic and coding for proteins active as monomers. Tight linkage was found between the genes NADP-Mdh 1, NADP-Mdh 2 and NADP-Mdh 3. Linkage was also found between a pollen fertility restorer (Z) and the Mdh 1 gene. The identification of linkage with Aco 1 needs further investigation. R segregated independently from Mdh 1, Aco 1 and Dia 1. Independent segregations were scored for isozyme genes Pgm 2, Icd 1, Ak 1, Gpi 1, Aco 1 and Dia 1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224217
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic data and natural history of Friedreich's disease: a study of 80 Italian patients (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Spinocerebellar degeneration ; Friedreich's disease ; Diagnostic criteria ; Genetics ; Natural history
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The clinical and genetic features of 80 patients with Friedreich's disease from 64 families are described. Diagnostic criteria were: no evidence of dominant inheritance, onset by the age of 20 years, progressive unremitting ataxia of limbs and gait, and absence of knee and ankle jerks. Furthermore, at least one of the following accessory signs was present: dysarthria, extensor plantar response and echocardiographic evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two peaks of onset age were evident at 6–9 and 12–15 years. Analysis of intrafamily variation of onset age and absence of clustering of cardiomyopathy and diabetes did not suggest genetic heterogeneity. Peripheral nerve impairment was an early finding and showed slight further progression, whereas involvement of the cerebellar and corticospinal pathways appeared later and mainly accounted for the progressive worsening of the disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315657
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic aspects of interpopulational differences in pheromone blend of cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2935-2946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; reproductive isolation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The genetic basis of interpopulational differences in the pheromone blend emitted by the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), was examined by crossing individuals from a field-derived population (P1) with individuals from a long-maintained laboratory colony (P2). These colonies differed in the emission rate and relative proportions of four of the five known minor pheromone components, but not in the emission rate of the major component, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12∶Ac). These differences in pheromone blend were quantitatively small but biologically significant, because in the field, males responded preferentially to traps baited with a pheromone blend that is similar to that emitted by P1 females relative to a blend similar to that emitted by P2 females. In initial crosses, variation in the quantity and quality of pheromone blends among families of P1, P2, and F1 hybrid females was examined. In F1 females the relative proportions (quantity relative to the major component) of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5-12∶Ac) and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14∶Ac) were intermediate to parental lines. In a second more extensive set of crosses, analyses included P1, P2, F1, F2, and selected backcrosses. The relative proportion of Z5-12∶Ac, Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac emitted by F1 females were intermediate to parental lines. The frequency distributions of relative proportions of these components emitted by females were not consistent with those expected under a single autosomal or sex-linked gene hypothesis, suggesting that more than one gene is involved in the quantitative differences in the pheromone blend.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979485
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic variability associated with hovering time inTabanus nigrovittatus Macquart (Diptera: Tabanidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; polymorphism ; reproductive isolation ; hovering behavior ; Tabanus nigrovittatus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The salt marsh horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatusMacquart, exhibits two nonoverlapping daily periods of hovering and mating activity, which are correlated with different environmental temperatures. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of hovering males collected during the two periods were compared by electrophoresis of three polymorphic enzyme loci. Approximately 26% of early-hovering males possessed a Pgmallozyme that was absent in our sample of late-hovering males. However, based on other allozyme loci, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation between early and late hoverers. All the genetic data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Pgmpolymorphism is associated with behaviorally and physiologically distinct groups of males that, by all other criteria, form a single Mendelian population.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052329
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The importance of sampling scale in the assessment of intraspecific life-history differences in plains killifish, Fundulus zebrinus, populations (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 29 (1990), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Demography ; Genetics ; Geographic variation ; Stochasticity ; Fluctuating environments ; Allele frequencies ; River ecology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of unpredictable environmental fluctuations on the demographic and genetic structure of Fundulus zebrinus populations. Collections of F. zebrinus were taken from three rivers in the Arkansas River basin: the Arkansas, Chikaskia, and Ninnescah. Fish were sampled from three sites on each river on nine collection dates throughout 1984 and 1985. Totals of 2100 fish and 6000 fish were included in electrophoretic and demographic analyses, respectively. The results of the study indicate that within a limited geographic region (i.e. within rivers) spatial differences and temporal changes in both demographic and genetic population characteristics occur frequently and are primarily stochastic. However, on a larger spatial scale (i.e. across rivers), general trends emerge for demographic and especially for genetic population characteristics. These results illustrate the importance of sampling scale for conclusions of life-history evolution in fluctuating environments. In addition, it was found that regulation of Fundulus zebrinus populations includes an important density-independent component. Stochastic demographic differences across space and changes through time and spatially and temporally heterogeneous allele frequencies, are both indicative of density-independent regulation. Variation in population parameters, both demographic and genetic, was observed between populations sampled from each river. These population differences were attributed to differences between the rivers themselves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001184
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Iowa multiplex family study of schizophrenia: Linkage analyses on chromosome 5 (1990)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1990), S. 290-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Schlagwort(e): Schizophrenia ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We analysed six multiplex pedigrees of schizophrenia for linkage to two DNA probes mapping to the chromosome 5q11–q13 region where linkage to a gene for schizophrenia was recently reported. Analyses were conducted using three penetrance models and considering the affected state to be schizophrenia, the schizophrenia spectrum, and all psychiatric diagnoses. All analyses gave consistently negative lod scores. Although the region was not formally excluded, no evidence for linkage was found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735053
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Rj4 allele in soybean represses nodulation by chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia classified as DNA homology group II by antibiotic resistance profiles (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Symbiosis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Coevolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary To determine the relationship between nodulation restriction by the Rj4 allele of soybean, rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis, and taxonomic grouping of bradyrhizobia, 119 bradyrhizobial isolates were tested in Leonard jar culture for nodulation response and chlorosis induction. In addition to strain USDA 61, the strain originally reported as defining the Rj4 response, eight other isolates (i.e., USDA 62, 83, 94, 238, 252, 259, 260, and 340) were discovered to elicit the nodulation interdiction of the Rj4 allele. Only 16% of all the bradyrhizobial strains tested induced chlorosis, but seven of the nine strains (78%) interdicted by the Rj4 allele were chlorosis-inducing strains. Furthermore, in tests for antibiotic resistance profile, eight of the nine interdicted strains (89%) were classed in DNA homology group II. This evidence suggests that the Rj4 allele has a positive value to the host plant in shielding it from nodulation by certain chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia of a DNA homology group with impaired efficiency of nitrogen fixation with soybean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224012
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Are genes units of inheritance? (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 5 (1990), S. 349-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; gene structure ; hereditary unit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Definitions of the term ‘gene’ typically superimpose molecular genetics onto Mendelism. What emerges are persistent attempts to regard the gene as a ‘unit’ of structure and/or function, language that creates multiple meanings for the term and fails to acknowledge the diversity of gene architecture. I argue that coherence at the molecular level requires abandonment of the classical unit concept and recognition that a gene is constructed from an assemblage of domains. Hence, a domain set (1) conforms more closely to empirical evidence for genetic organization of DNA regions capable of transcription and (2) has ontological properties lacking in the traditional unit definition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165258
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosome constitution of highly motile mouse sperm (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 27 (1990), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Motility ; Genetics ; Sex chromosome ratio ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In this study, we address the relationship between motility and genetic content of mouse sperm. The chromosome complements of highly motile mouse sperm, selected using the swim-up technique, were analyzed after in vitro fertilization, at the first cleavage state. They were compared to those of unselected sperm. Identification of male and female chromosome sets was possible because of their differential condensation at the first mitotic division. In vitro fertilization, swim-up separation, chromosome preparation, and staining were carried out using standard techniques. The results indicate that highly motile mouse sperm did not differ in types and frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities from those not selected for motility. Moreover, separation of motile sperm does not deviate the sex ratio from the theoretical 1:1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080270213
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomically identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease in three male siblings (1990)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 5 (1990), S. 359-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Hirschsprung's disease ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Three male children with identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease born to a young married couple are reported. There was no positive family history despite an extensive search. There were no associated abnormalities. Although sex-modified multifactorial inheritance, with males having a lower threshold of genes for expression of Hirschsprung's disease, is accepted, the identical expression of the disorder in the three siblings presented suggests a dominant, possibly X-linked gene with variable penetrance. Another possibility is that an identical micro-environmental factor was present prenatally resulting in all three boys having Hirschsprung's disease. This is the first report of three siblings with identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177106
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The plasmid-encoded killer system of Kluyveromyces lactis: A review (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060102
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracellular and extracellular levels of cyclic AMP during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyclic AMP ; Cell Cycle ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Using the techniques of centrifugal elutriation it was demonstrated that during the cell division cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are stage-specific fluctuations in the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Results shown here indicate that the intracellular concentration of cAMP is at its highest during the division cycle, and its lowest immediately prior to and just after cell sepraration. Results also show the extrusion of extracellular cAMP into the medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extracellular cAMP levels being ten to one hundred times higher than intracellular levels. During the cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae the extracellular level of cAMP does not fluctuate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060106
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative study on cytochrome P-450 of yeasts using specific antibodies to cytochromes P-450alk and P-45014DM (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Cytochrome P-450 ; Lanosterol 14α-demethylase ; alkane hydroxylase ; Immunological Analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The occurrence of cytochrome P-45014DM(lanosterol 14α-demethylase) and cytochrome P-450alk (long-chain alkane terminal hydroxylase) in various yeast strain was determined with immunological procedures. Cytochrome P-45014DM, which is a constitutive or housekeeping enzyme playing an essential role in ergosterol biogenesis, was found in all yeast strains so far tested. Cytochromes P-45014DM from different species of yeast were immunologically different, although they may have a few common antigenic sites. In contrast, cytochrome P-450alk was detected only in the alkane-assimilating yeasts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060107
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peroxisome-deficient mutants of Hansenula polymorpha (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Hansenula polymorpha ; methylotrophic yeast ; microbodies ; peroxisome-deficient mutants ; alcohol oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: As a first step in a genetic approach towards understanding peroxisome biogenesis and function, we have sought to isolate mutants of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha which are deficient in peroxisomes. A collection of 260 methanol-utilization-defective strains was isolated and screened for the ability to utilize a second compound, ethanol, the metabolism of which involves peroxisomes. Electron microscopical investigations of ultrathin sections of selected pleiotropic mutants revealed two strains which were completely devoid of peroxisomes. In both, different peroxisomal matrix enzymes were active but located in the cytosol; these included catalase, alcohol oxidase, malate synthase and isocitrate lyase.Subsequent backcrossing experiments revealed that for all crosses involving both strains, the methanol- and ethanol utilizing-deficient phenotypes segregated independently of each other, indicating that different gene mutations were responsible for these phenotypes. The phenotype of the backcrossed peroxisome-deficient derivates was identical: defective in the ability to utilize methanol but capable of growth on other carbon sources, including ethanol.The mutations complemented and therefore were recessive mutations in different genes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060202
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical fibers as tetrad dissection needles (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060207
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene from Pachysolen tannophilus (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Pachysolen ; ornithine carbamoyltransferase ; xylose ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A fragment of DNA from a yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, bearing the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) has been cloned from a genomic library by functional complementation of the Escherichia coli OCT-negative mutant. The gene was located within the cloned segment of DNA and its coding sequence identified by DNA sequencing. This has indicated that P. tannophilus OCT gene encodes a 347 amino acid polypeptide, which shows 60% identity to the homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein. The amino acid composition of its N-terminus indicates that this protein is translocated across the mitochondrial membrane. The gene can be expressed in E. coli as well as in S. cerevisiae. Comparison with other OCTases confirms a high degree of conservation among these proteins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060208
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Substrate-accelerated death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 under maltose stress (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Maltose transport ; α-glucosidase ; yeast ; chemostat ; cell death ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: When Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was grown under maltose limitation, two enzymes specific for maltose utilization were present: a maltose carrier, and the maltose-hydrolysing α-glucosidase. The role of these two enzymes in the physiology of S. cerevisiae was investigated in a comparative study in which Candida utilis CBS 621 was used as a reference organism.Maltose pulses to a maltose-limited chemostat culture of S. cerevisiae resulted in ‘substrate-accelerated death’. This was evident from: (1) enhanced protein release from cells: (2) excretion of glucose into the medium; (3) decreased viability. These effects were specific with respect to both substrate and organism: pulses of glucose to maltose-limited cultures of S. cerevisiae did not result in cell death, neither did maltose pulses to maltose-limited cultures of C. utilis. The maltose-accelerated death of S. cerevisiae is most likely explained in terms of an uncontrolled uptake of maltose into the cell, resulting in an osmotic burst. Our results also provide evidence that the aerobic alcoholic fermentation that occurs after pulsing sugars to sugar-limited cultures of S. cerevisiae (short-term Crabtree effect) cannot solely be explained in terms of the mechanism of sugar transport. Both glucose and maltose pulses to maltose-limited cultures triggered aerobic alcohol formation. However, glucose transport by S. cerevisiae occurs via facilitated diffusion, whereas maltose entry into this yeast is mediated by a maltose/proton symport system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060209
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060301
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The alcohol dehydrogenase system in the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Kluyveromyces lactis ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have studied the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system in the yeast Kluyvefromyces lactis. Southern hybridization to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH2 gene indicates four probable structural ADH genes in K. lactis. Two of these genes have been isolated from a genomic bank by hybridization to ADH2. The nucleotide sequence of one of these genes shows 80% and 50% sequence identity to the ADH genes of S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe respectively. One K. lactis ADH gene is preferentially expressed in glucose-grown cells and, in analogy to S. cerevisiae, was named K1ADH1. The other gene, homologous to K1ADH1 in sequence, shows an amino-terminal extension which displays all of the characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting presequence. We named this gene K1ADH3. The two genes have been localized on different chromosomes by Southern hybridization to an orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis-resolved K. lactis genome. ADH activities resolved by gel electrophoresis revealed several ADH isozymes which are differently expressed in K. lactis cells depending on the carbon source.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060304
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Creation of ARS activity in yeast through iteration of non-functional sequences (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): DNA replication ; replication origin ; eukaryotic chromosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Replication origins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified through the clonning of autonomous replication sequence (ARS) elements that allow the extrachromosonal maintenance of plasmid molecules. ARS activity requires a close matcht to an 11 bp consensus sequence and A+T-rich flanking DNA. ARS elements with a wide range of capacities for promoting plasmid maintenance have been described. We determined the ARS activity of plasmid with inserts consisting of repetitions of a 64 bp 100% A+T sequence that has sequence similarities to known ARS elements. An insert with approximately four repeats did not yield transformants, but inserts with either eight or eleven repeats did. The cooperative of ARS activity did not require a contiguous arrangement since a plasmid containing two inserts of four repeats each, separated by about 1 kb, was functional. Our results show that a charge from non-function to function can be accomplished by the cumulative action of individually inactive sequences. We conclude that the probability of replication initiation is too low with only four repeats to allow plasmid maintenance, but the overall probability is increased by further sequence iteration to provide origin activity. We suggest that chromosomes may contain streches with dispersed, weak origin elements, each undetected by the conventional ARS assay, that in sum provide origin function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060302
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An essential gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shares an upstream regulatory element with PRP4 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): RNA processing ; divergent transcripts ; temperature-sensitive mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: ORF2 is an essential gene immediately upstream of PRP4 (formeryl RNA4), a gene involved in nuclear mRNA processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two genes are arranged head-to-head. An 8 base-pair conserved sequences element is found upstream of both genes, as well as upstream of certain other genes that are known to be involved in pre-mRNA processing. Through deletion analysis we have found that both of the conserved sequence elements are important for transcription of both genes. We have cloned ORF2 and have isolated temperature-sensitive orf2 mutants. The phenotype of these mutants does not suggest a role for ORF2 in mRNA processing. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF2 indicates significant similarity to DPR1, a gene encoding a protein that is involved in the carboxy-terminal processing of G-protein.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060407
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Chromosomal assignment and genetic mapping of the SPE1 gene (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Ornithine decarboxylase ; putrescine ; SPE1 gene ; spe10 mutation ; chromosome XI ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The gene for ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SPE1, has been assigned to chromosome XI by the technique of transverse alternating pulsed field electrophoresis and DNA-DNA hybridization. Genetic mapping by tetrad analysis shows that the SPE1 gene is located on the left arm of chromosome XI, 6 cM from the LAP1 gene and 43 cM from the TRP3 gene. The spe10 mutation previously isolated in this laboratory is mapped to the N-terminal region of the SPE1 gene, and therefore should be designated as a spe1 allele.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060602
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060501
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae selectable markers in pUC18 polylinkers (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Selectable markers ; Plasmids ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A set of plasmids was constructed that contain the yeast selectable markers HIS3, LEU2, TRP1 or URA3 embedded in the multiple cloning site of pUC18.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060502
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and val-tRNA genes and surrounding sequences from Kluyveromyces lactis K8 mitochondrial DNAEMBL Accession. No. X15999. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Kluveromyces lactis ; budding yeast ; mitochondrial DNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and val-tRNA genes and surrounding regions from Kluyveromyces lactis mitochondrial DNA is reported. Analysis of the coding regions shows that the codons CUN (Thr), CGN (Arg) and AUA (Met) are absent in this gene. A single sequence, ATATAAGTAA, identical to the baker's yeast mtRNA polymerase recognition site, was detected upstream of val-tRNA. This sequence is absent from regions between val-tRNA-cox2 and cox2-cox1. In addition a sequence AATAATATTCTT, identical to the mRNA processing site in other yeast mitochondrial genomes is present 32-43 bp downstream to the TAA stop codon for the cox-2 gene. Another short conserved sequence of 5 bp, TCTAA, is present upstream of the coding regions of cox2 genes in several yeasts, including K. lactis, but is not present upstream of other genes. Comparison of cox2 sequences from other organisms indicates that the mitochondrial DNA of K. lactis. is closely related to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060505
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The chromosomal constitution of wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 367-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast genetics ; wine yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosomes ; karyotyping ; aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A general procedure is described for determining the chromosomal constitution of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on analysis of segregation frequencies for input markers among random spore progeny of industrial-laboratory strain hybrids. The multiple auxotrophic haploid testers used carried a dominant erythromycin-resistance marker, allowing hybrids to be selected in mass matings with produced by the wild-type industrial strains. Analysis a number of independent crosses between the haploid testers and an unselected population of spores of each wine strain distinguished between disomic, trisomic and tetrasomic chromosomal complements in the parents. Possible explanations for a significant class of aberrant segregation frequencies are discussed.Results of the analysis indicate that UCD Enology 522 (Montrachet) is diployed and possibly trisomic for chromosome VII; 522X is diploid; UCD Enology 505 (California Champagne) is disomic for chromosome XVI, trisomic for chromosomes I, II, III, VI, VIII, IX, X, XII, XV, tetrasomic for chromosomes IV, XI, XIII, XIV and either trisomic or tetrasomic for chromosomes V and VII; and that UCD Enology 595 (Pasteur Champagne) is disomic for chromosomes I, II, III, IX, XVI, trisomic for chromosomes IV, VI, X, XII, XIV, XV, tetrasomic for chromosomes V, VIII, XI, XIII, and either disomic or tetrasomic for chromosome VII.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060503
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of the cytochrome c gene from the starch-fermenting yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis and its expression in bakers's yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 429-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A cytochrome c protein gene, CYC10, of the dextran- and starch-fermenting yeast, Schwanniomyces occidentalis was cloned and characterized. The DNA sequence was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence of the protein-coding region shares close homologies to the cytochrome c genes. A. S. occidentalis strain with a disruption of the gene revealed that CYC10 was the only functional cytochrome c protein-encoding gene in S. occidentalis, unlike the two cytochrome c protein genes (CYC1 and CYC7) in Saccharomyces cerevisiaear The CYC10 gene was oxygen-induced but not subject to catabolite repression.The expression of the CYC10 gene was studied in the heterologous yeast. S. cerevisiae. The oxygen induction of the gene was found to be identical to that of the CYC1 gene, indecating these two genes share similar or closely related cis- and trans- acting oxygen regulatory elements. However, the CYC10 gene was glucose repressed in S. cerevisiae strains; a phenomenon which was not observed in the native S. accidentalis cells. Search in the 5′ unstranslated region of the CYC10 gene revealed some homologies at -425 to -405 to UAS1 of the S. cerevisiae CYC1 gene. A deletion of a segment of upstream region including this sequence abolished expression in S. cerevisiae.Finally the phylogenetic relationships of different yeasts and fungi were determined based upon the amino acid sequences of the cytochrome c proteins. These relationships do not completely agree with classical divisions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060508
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An assay of relative cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell wall porosity ; permeability ; polycation assay ; cell wall structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have developed a new assay to determine relative cell wall porosity in yeasts, which is based on polycation-induced leakage of UV-absorbing compounds. Polycations with a small hydrodynamic radius as measured by gel filtration (poly-L-lysine) caused cell leakage independent of cell wall porosity whereas polycations with a large hydrodynamic radius (DEAE-dextrans) caused only limited cell leakage due to limited passage through the cell wall. This allowed the ratio between DEAE-dextran- and poly-L-lysine-induced cell leakage to be used as a measure of cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using this assay, we found that the composition of the growth medium affected cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae. In addition, we could show that cell wall porosity is limited by the number of disulphide bridges in the wall and is dependent on cell turgor. It is argued that earlier methods to estimate cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae resulted in large underestimations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060605
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The complete sequence of the 8·2 kb segment left of MAT on chromosome III reveals five ORFs, including a gene for a yeast ribokinase (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 521-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosome III ; sequencing ; gene disruption ; ribokinase ; ARS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report here the DNA sequence of a segment of chromosome III extending over 8·2 kb. The sequence was determined using the random clone strategy followed by oligonucleotide-directed sequencing. The segments contains five long open reading frames, YCR521, 522, 523, 524 and 526, with only short distances between them. YCR523 (333 codons) endodes a ribokinase, a new function for yeast. YCR526 originates inside the MAT cassette, which is in continuity with the present segment, and extends over 358 codons outside of MAT. YCR524 (923 codons) codes for a putative membrane protein. YCR521, 522 and 524, have each been disrupted by insertion of a URA3 cassette and are non-essential genes. An active ARS element is located within YCR523 or its vicinity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060609
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence of peroxisomal membrane proteins in methylotrophic yeasts grown under different conditions (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Hanseula polymorpha ; Candida boidinii ; peroxisomes ; peroxisomal membrane proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have the substructure and polypeptide composition of the peroxisomal membranes in two methylotrophic yeasts in relation to different growth conditions. The results obtained that no significant ultrastructural differences existed between the membranes of variously grown cells.The presence of specific peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) was studied biochemically. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels of purified microbody membranes isolated from methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha, prominent proteins bands were observed at 22, 31, 35, 42, 49 and 51 kD. These proteins were also present when the cells were grown in media containing ethanol and/or ethylamine. Apart from these, several other PMPs were specifically induced under these conditions, namely 24, 29, 37 and 62 kD proteins. The polypeptide composition of peroxisomal membranes from H. polymorpha was compared with that of another methylotroph. Candida biodinii. In the latter organism a specific PMP with a molecular weight of 23 kD was induced during growth on D-alanine instead of ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060104
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the peroxisomal ATPase of yeasts (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeasts ; peroxisomes ; ATPase ; freeze-fracturing immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The presence of an ATpase on yeast peroxisomal membranes was studied by immunological methods. Western blot analysis of purified peroxisomal membranes from several yeasts revealed distinct cross-reaction with specific antibodies against the F1-part or the β-subunit of the mitochondrial ATpase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This was not due to mitochondrial contamination as was demonstrated by analytical sucrose gradient centrifugation.Protein A-gold labelling carried out on Lowicryl-embedded methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha using these antibodies did not result in significant staining. However, when organelles isolated from this yeast were successively incubated with antibodies and protein A-gold prior to embedding, specific labelling was observed on both the peroxisomal membrane and the membrane of damaged mitochondria but not on intact mitochondira. Specific labelling of the peroxisomal membrane was confirmed by freeze-fracture immunocytochemistry. In addition to the peroxisomal membrane, the mitochondrial membrane was also labelled in these experiments. Freeze-fracture immunocytochemistry was also successful for the localization of peroxisomal matrix proteins, e.g. alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase and of mitochondrial membrane proteins, e.g. cytochrome c oxidase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060105
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel aspartyl protease allowing KEX2-independent MFα propheromone processing in yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; precursor processing ; aspartyl endopeptidase ; nucleotide sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which lack the KEX2-encoded endopeptidase are unable to process proteolytically the mating factor alpha (MFα) propheromone produced from the chromosomal MFα1 and MFα2 genes (Julius et al., 1983). Overproduction of pheromone precursor from multiple, plasmid-borne MFα genes did, however, lead to the production of active MFα peptides in the absence of the KEX2 gene product. S. cerevisiae therefore must possess an alternative processing enzyme. The cleavage site of this enzyme appeared identical to that of the KEX2-encoded endopeptidase. To identify the gene responsible for the alternative processing, we have isolated clones which allowed production of mature MFα in a kex2-disrupted strain even from the chromosomal MFα genes. The gene isolated in this way was shown also to be essential for the KEX2-independent processing of propheromone overproduced from plasmid-borne MFα1. The amino acid sequence deduced from the gene shows extensive homology to a number of aspartyl proteases including the PEP4 and BARI gene products from S. cerevisiae. In contrast to the BARI gene product, the novel aspartyl protease (YAP3 for Yeast Aspartyl Protease 3) contains a C-terminal serine/threonine-rich sequence and potential transmembrane domain similar to those found in the KEX2 gene product. The corresponding gene YAP3 was located to chromosome XII. The normal physiological role of the YAP3 gene product is not known. Strains disrupted in YAP3 are both viable and able to process the mating factor a precursor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060206
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A K2 neutral Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain contains a variant K2 M genome (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): dsRNA ; yeast ; killer yeast ; neutral yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: K2 neutral strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae USM12 was identified and characterized. This strain carried an M double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome encoding for resistance to K2 toxin. The M dsRNA was larger than the K2 killer yeast M dsRNA and homoduplex analysis of denatured and reannealed K2 neutral M dsRNA revealed an inverted duplication. Heteroduplex analysis showed that two thirds of the K2 M genome had homology with K2 neutral M genome. Hybridization showed that the USM12 M dsRNA has significant homology with the K2M dsRNA. Protein profiles of extracellular proteins from USMA12 and cured strain indicated that USM12 did not secrete any toxin. This is the first time that a K2 neutral yeast strain has been characterized.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060210
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calendar (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 177-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060213
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cell fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fragile mutants (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell fusion ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; fragile mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Fragile mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are defective in the structure of the cell wall and plasma membrane. The mutant cells lyse in hypotonic solutions but grow exponentially when osmotic stabilizer is induced in the medium. These mutants display a general increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane. We show here that fragile yeast cells of the same mating type can fuse without protoplast formation. The frequency of cell × cell fusion is lower than that observed for protoplast × protoplast fusion and can be significantly increased if the cells of one partner are converted to protoplasts. Microscopic observations and genetic analysis demonstrate that the hybrids obtained are fusion products. The fusion between fragile cells is explained in terms of the existence of local defects on their surface where the cell wall is thinner (or even missing), thus allowing a direct contact of cells by means of their plasma membranes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060305
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase from genetically engineered yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase purification ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae HEM2 transformants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with a multicopy plasmid carrying the yeast structural gene HEM2, which codes for δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase, was enriched 20-fold in the enzyme. Beginning with cell-free extracts of transformed cells, the dehydratase was purified 193-fold to near-homogeneity. This represents a 3900-fold purification relative to the enzyme activity in normal, untransformed yeast cells. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 16·2 μmol h-1 per mg protein at pH 9·4 and 37·5°C. In most respects the yeast enzyme resembles mammalian enzymes. It is a homo-octamer with an apparent Mr, of 275 000, as determined by centrifugation in glycerol density gradients, and under denaturing conditions behaved as a single subunit of Mr ≃ 37 000. The enzyme requires reduced thiol compounds to maintain full activity, and maximum activity was obtained in the presence of 1·0 mM-Zn2+. It is sensitive to inhibition by the heavy metal ions Pb2+ and Cu2+. The enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics and has an apparent Km of 0·359 mM. Like dehydratases from animal tissues, the yeast enzyme is rather thermostable. During the purification process an enhancement in total δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity suggested the possibility that removal of an inhibitor of the enzyme could be occurring.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060405
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An ordered clone bank, a detailed restriction map and analysis of transcripts suggest the presence of 160 genes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 383-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome III ; ordered clone bank ; physical map ; transcripts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Using λ phage vector EMBL4, we isolated 344 clones containing segments of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, analysed their physical structure with eight restriction enzymes and sorted the data in contiguous groups with computer programmes. Furthermore, we performed Southern hybridizations between the sorted contiguous clone groups and interrelated them into larger groups. In this way, we constructed an ordered clone bank that covers almost the whole of chromosome III with a single gap of several kilobases in length. The consensus physical map thus obtained totals 334·6 kb, which is in good agreement with the size of this chromosome estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Southern hybridization analysis with the DNA probes containing telomere-specific sequences showed that the bank contained a telomere at a position corresponding to the right arm terminus of chromosome III. Also, five Ty elements were found to be present. To estimate the number of genes on this chromosome and to analyse their levels of expression, we performed a series of Northern hybridization experiments using total poly(A)+ RNA from vegetatively growing cells and appropriate restriction enzyme fragments from the bank. Thus, we identified a total of 156 transcripts on chromosome III, indicating, on an average, one gene in every 2 kb on this chromosome. The transcripts were visually categorized into five groups according to their apparent levels of expression. It was found that the genes located near both termini are expressed only at low levels and that highly expressed genes are rather scattered over the chromosome.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060504
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mating type locus-dependent stability of the Kluyveromyces linear pGKL plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 417-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): linear plasmids ; killer ; stability ; mating type locus control ; a1-α2 repressor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The linear killer plasmids, pGKL1 and pGKL2, from Kluyveromyces lactis stably replicated in mitochondria1 DNA-deficient (ρ0) MATa or MATα haploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but were unstable and frequently lost in ρ° MATa/MATα diploids, suggesting that the replication of pGKL plasmids was under the control of the MAT locus. In MATa/MATα cells of S. cerevisiae, the MATα gene product (α2) is combined with the MATa gene product (a1) and the resultant protein, a1-α2, acts to repress the expression of haploid specific genes. Experiments showed that the K. lactis linear plasmids were stably maintained in ρ0 mata1/MATα diploids, indicating that the a1-α2 repressor interfered with the stability of pGKL2. It was revealed by computer analysis that the consensus sequence homologous to the a1-α2 repressor binding site occurred within the coding regions of pGKL2 genes which were presumed to be essential for the plasmid replication. Since the plasmids were stably maintained in diploids of K. lactis, the mating type control must not be working there.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060507
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the THR4 region on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Threonine metabolism ; amino acid biosynthesis ; homologous domains ; chromosome III ; gene organisation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The gene encoding theonine synthase (THR4) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by complementation of a thr4 mutant. This gene was also found on a lambda clone (5239) consisting of a fragment of chromosome III inserted in the vector lambda MG3. The THR4 gene encodes a protein of 514 amino acids (M.W. 58 kDa), which has extensive homologies with E. coli threonine synthase (thrC) and B. subtilis threonine synthase. The 5′ flanking region of the gene contains three regulatory sequences. [TGACT(C)] for the general amino acid control (GCN).About 130 bp downstream of the THR4 gene another open reading frame (563 amino acids) is found in the opposite orientation. This may imply that this open reading frame, called CTR86, shares a terminator region with THR4. The function of the protein encoded by CTR86 is not yet clear, but the fact that the upstream region contains a GCN4 responsive site that the gene product may also be involved in amino acid biosynthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060408
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The hydrophilic and acidic N-terminus of the integral membrane enzyme phosphatidylserine synthase is required for efficient membrane insertion (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 331-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Protein sorting ; membranes ; phospholipid synthesis ; yeast ; Saccharomces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The product of the yeast CHO1 gene, phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS), is an integral membrane protein that catalyses a central step in cellular phospholipid biosynthesis. A 1·2 kb fragment containing the regulatory and structural components of the CHO1 gene was sequenced. Transcription initiation in wild-type cells was found to occur between -1 and -15 relative to the first ATG of a large open reading frame capable of encoding a 30 804 molecular weight protein. This translation initiation site was active in vivo and in vivo in a hetrologous system. In both cases it supported production of a protein of approximately 30 000 molecular weight. A second potential translation initiation site was detected 225 or 228 bases dowstream from the first ATG. This second site was active in vitro where it supported production of a protein of 22 400 molecular weight. A subclone, lacking the 5′ regulatory region and the subsequence encoding the first 12 amino acids of the large open reading frame, allowed translation in vivo starting at the second ATG. The resulting protein was 22 000 moleculare weight, lacked the 74 N-terminal amino acids and was capable of complementing the choline auxotroy of a cho1 null-mutant. In transformants carrying this construct, PSS activity and 22 kDa protein was found to be associated with membrane fractions corresponding to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. However, most of the truncated PSS protein accumulated in the cytosol in an inactive form. A hybrd-protein containing the 63 N-terminal amino acids of PSS protein accumulated in the cytosol in a active form. A hybrid-protein containing the 63 N-terminal amino acids of PSS fused to mouse dihydrofolate reductase was found exclusively in the cytosol when expressed in wild-type yeast. Thus, the hydrophilic, highly acidic N-terminus of PSS is required for efficient membrane insertion but does not appear to contain sequences required for a targeting to the membrane compartment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060406
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The omnipotent suppressor SUP45 affects nucleic acid metabolism and mitochondrial structure (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 441-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; novobiocin-resistance ; SUP45 ; nucleic acid synthesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains sensitive to a variety drugs were used to select for novobiocin-resistant mutants that were simultaneously temperature-sensitive. The mutants remained as sensitive as the parent strains to a wide range of drugs other than novobiocin, and did not exhibit any suppression of suppressible auxotrophic markers. At the non-permissive temperature, the mutant cells arrested mainly as unbudded cells, and were instantly defective in DNA and RNA synthesis, but not protein synthesis. The cloned wild-type gene was identified as SUP45, which has been previously implicated in the translation process. Our results suggest that SUP45 may have a function in addition to, or different from, the one that has been assigned to it previously.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060509
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060601
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Divergence and conservation of SUP2(SUP35) gene of yeasts Pichia pinus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 461-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Omnipotent suppressor ; gene structure ; evolutionary conservation ; codon bias analysis ; Pichia pinus ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: SUP2(SUP35) is an omnipotent suppressor gene, coding for an EF-1α-like protein factor, intimately involved in the control of translational accuracy in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In the present study a SUP2 gene analogue from yeast Pichia pinus was isolated by complementation of the temperature-sensitive sup2 mutation of S. cerevisiae.The nucleotide sequence of the SUP2 gene of P. pinus codes for a protein of 82·4 kDa, exceeding the Sup2 protein of S. cerevisiae by 6 kDa. Like the SUP2 gene product of S. cerevisiae, the Sup2 protein of P. pinus represents a fusion of a unique N-terminal part of a region homologous to EF-1α. The comparison of amino acid sequences of the Sup2 proteins reveals high conservations (76%) of the C-terminal region and low conservation (36%) of the N-terminal part where, in addition, the homologous correspondence is ambiguous.Proteins related to the Sup2 of S. cerevisiae where found in P. pinus and some other yeast species by the immunoblotting technique.The relation between the evolutionary conservation of different regions of the Sup2 protein and their functional significance is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060603
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excessive membrane development following exposure of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha to oleic acid-containing media (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 511-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisomes ; oleic acid ; β-oxidation ; membrane proliferation ; Hansenula polymorpha ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We studied the physiological responses of Hansenula polymorpha during adaptation of cells to oleic acid-containing media. Growth experiments indicated that the organism was unable to use oleic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. However, upon incubation of glucose-grown cells in mineral media containing oleic acid, activities of various enzymes of the β-oxidation pathway were induced. These enzymes were localized in microbodies together with alcohol oxidase. Furthermore, a drastic increase in phospholipid content of the cells was observed; this was due to a rapid proliferation of membranes. These consisted of a variable number of membranous layers which were continuous with the peroxisomal membrane. Upon continued incubation, the membrane proliferations extended and large compartments were formed. This process was dependent on the presence of peroxisomes in the cells since it was not observed in peroxisome-deficient mutant strains of H. polymorpha. The newly formed membranous compartments differed from peroxisomes since they did not contain peroxisomal matrix proteins; these were confined to the single enlarged organelle which was incorporated in the membranous structure and characterized by a large alcohol oxidase crystalloid. The membranous compartments are considered to be whole entities since they could not be separated from the peroxisomes by common cell fraction methods; also they were degraded entirely after a shift of cells to glucose-excess condition.Freeze fracturing reveled that the substructure of the membranes greatly resembled that of normal peroxisomal membranes. Since a distinct enhancement of different peroxisomal membrane proteins was observed during the initial hours after the shift, we assume that exposure of H. polymorpha to acid lead to a drastic overproduction of peroxisomal membranes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060608
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060101
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeast flocculation: Cationic inhibition (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Flocculation ; yeast ; salt inhibition ; pH value ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Yeast flocculation was inhibited by high concentrations of a number of salts. Calcium and magnesiun salts were potent inhibitors and cesium salts were least effective. Partial inhibitors by different salts additive and were completely reversible by salt removal. Inhibition by salts was time dependent; prolonged incubation increased the degree of inhibition. Salt inhibition was partly caused by the action of salts lowering the buffer pH value, and partly caused by chaotropic inhibition of proteins on the surfaces of flocculent cells. Flocculation receptors on non-flocculent cells were ubaffected by high salt concentration. At sub-inhibitory salt concentrations, there was an enhancement of flocculation in both rate and extent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060109
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liposome-mediated introduction of proteins into protoplasts of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha as a possible tool to study peroxisome biogenesis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Hansenula polymorpha ; peroxisome biogenesis ; low pH-induced membrane fusion ; alcohol oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Low pH-induced fusion between liposomes and protoplasts of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha was demonstrated using a fluorescent assay and freeze-etch techniques. By this method foreign proteins could be introduced into the cytosol of the protoplast. For instance, after fusion of glucose oxidase-containing liposomes with protoplasts, activity of this enzyme was demonstrated cytochemically in the cytosol of the resulting protoplasts. Similar results were obtained when ferritin-containing liposomes were used. Incorporation of foreign proteins into liposomes was not a prerequisite for their introduction into the cytosol of protoplasts. In experiments where ferritin was added to protoplast suspensions together with empty liposomes, this protein was also delivered to the protoplast cytosol. However, in the absence of liposomes no uptake of proteins occurred.We tested the potential of this system in our studies on peroxisome biogenesis. Protoplasts of glucose-grown H. polymorpha remained stable for prolonged periods in osmotically stabilized cultivation media. Peroxisomes in such protoplasts were capable of protein import and assembly of matrix proteins as was demonstrated by the 20-fold increase in catalase activity after incubation with methanol or ethanol. However, mature alcohol oxidase purified from H. polymorpha introduced into protoplasts of glucose-grown cells of this organism was not targeted to peroxisomes as demonstrated with (immuno)cytochemical techniques. The enzyme remained present in the cytosol while its activity gradually decreased. Therefore mature alcohol oxidase probably does not expose the right topogenic signal(s) for recognition by its target organelle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060203
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Twenty years after, but younger than before. The Yeasts, 2nd Edition, Volume 3, Metabolism and Physiology of Yeasts. Edited by A. A. Rose and J. S. Harrison. Published by Academic Press, London and San Diego, at £55 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 171-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060211
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sequence of the yeast gene RVS 161 located on chromosome III (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060212
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The start gene CDC28 and the genetic stability of yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cell cycle regulation ; CDC28 gene ; rho- mutation ; chromosome loss ; plasmid maintenance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The cdc28-srm mutation in Saccheromyces cerevisiae decreases spontaneous and induced mitochondrial rhomutability and the mitotic stability of native chromosomes and recombinant circular minichromosomes. The effects of cdc28-srm on the genetic stability of cells support the hypothesis that links cell cycle regulation in yeast to changes in chromatin organization dependent on the start gene CDC28 (Hayles and Nurse, 1986).
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060308
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060401
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulatory DNA-binding proteins in yeast: An overview (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 271-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; DNA-binding proteins ; transcription regulation ; RNA polymerase B ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060402
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bacterial plasmid pBR322 sequences serve as upstream activating sequences in Saccahromyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Gene expression ; yeast ; vector ; gene fusion ; acid phosphatase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The expression of acid phosphatase (Apase) from PHO5 and MFα-PHO5 hybrid genes is regulated by inorganic phosphate and mating type locus respectively, as well as the PHO4 and MATα1 gene products respectively. When PHO5 and MFα-PHO5 hybrid genes were cloned in the BamHI site of the pBR322 sequence of the yeast shuttle vectors (YRp7 or YEp9T), in one orientation they were regulated normally but in the other orientation their expression was not regulated but expressed constitutively. The pBR322 sequences present upstream of the inserted genes are responsible for the constitutive expression. By replacing the PHO5 upstream activating sequences (UAS) element with pBR322 fragments, we have identified three pBR322 sequences, rom nucleotides 376 to 650, 2068 to 2116 and 2136 to 2247, which were able to promote expression of APase. A comparison of these three pBR322 fragments revealed 5′ ATCGCGCGAG 3′ and 5′ CGGTGATGNCGG 3′ to be the common sequences likely to act as USAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using synthetic oligonucleotides, it was found that both sequences are required for maximum expression of APase activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060307
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oscillatory CO2 evolution in glycolysing yeast extracts (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; glycolysis ; oscillation ; carbon dioxide ; mass spectrometry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The rate of formation of carbon dioxide in cytoplasmic yeast extracts in an open system with continuous infusion of glucose was measured by membrane inlet mass spectrometry during glycolytic oscillations. The rate of CO2 production rose in the first third of each cycle to a maximum of about 100 μmol per ml yeast extract per hour and subsequently diminished to a final level of about 50 μmol per h. Measurements of the NADH light absorption under the same conditions revealed oscillations of relaxations type. The phase of high CO2 production could be related to the phase of the high NADH level, giving evidence that the flux in glycolysis is increased during the phase of high NADH concentration. Only half of the amount of injected glucose was metabolized to CO2 during the sustained oscillation, although free glucose did not accumulate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060310
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dekkera, Brettanomyces and Eeniella: Electrophoretic comparison of enzymes and DNA-DNA homology (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Dekkera ; Brettanomyces ; Eeniella ; DNA ; enzymes ; systematics ; yeasts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The taxonomic status of various species of Dekkera, Brettanomyces and Eeniella was examined by electrophoretic comparison of enzymes, by deoxyribonucleic acid homology and by physiological characterization. These studies demonstrated that two teleomorphic Dekkera species, D. anomala and D. bruxellensis (Synonym. D. intermedia), and four anamorphic Brettanomyces species, B. anomalus (synonym B. claussenii), B. bruxellensis (synonym B. abstinens, B. custersii, B. Intermedius, B. lambicus), B. custersianus and B. naardenesis, can be recognized. The anamorphic genus Eeniella remained as a separate, monotypic taxon.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060403
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increase of anion and proton permeability of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis plasmalemma by n-alcohols as a possible cause of its de-energization (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol toxicity ; ion permeability ; plasma membrane ; H+-ATPase ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effect on n-alcohols on ATP-dependent generation of ΔpH and Em across the plasma membrane vesicles of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergenesis was investigated. The alcohols were shown to collapse ΔpH and Em in the order C2〈C3〈C4〈C5≤C6≥C7〉C8〉C11, the dissipation of Em being more pronounced. Inhibition of the plasmalemma H+-ATPase was insignificannt: at low alcohol concentrations its activity even increased. The basic reason for the toxic effect of the alcohols on the yeast cells was suggested to be due to the increase in the anion and proton permeability of the plasma membrane. Mg2+ partially prevented the increase in the plasmalemma ion permeability by the alcohols investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060404
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of leader primary structure on the translational efficiency of phosphoglycerate kinase mRNA in yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Leader ; phosphoglycerate kinase ; recombinant DNA ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; trailer ; translation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In order to determine the effect of nucleotide composition of the 5′-untranslated (leader) region on the translational efficiency of mRNA in yeast, we replaced a large part of the leader region of the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene by various deoxyoligonucleotides of defined sequence. All mutations left the context of the transcription initiations site and AUG start codon intact. The mutant genes were introduced into yeast cells on a multicopy vector and the ratio of the steady-state levels of PGKmRNA and protein were determined.We found the translational efficiency to be unaffected by the presence of either an 18 nucleotides (nt) long poly A or poly C tract or by sequences consisting of mixtures of A and C residues in any proportion. In contrast, a polyU tract, as well as mixtures of U and C residues, reduced translational efficiency by a factor of two to three, presumably by long-rang base -pairing between the leader and sequences elsewhere in the coding or 3′-non-coding regions of the messenger. In agreement with this hypothesis, a five-fold reduction in translational efficiency was found for an mRNA carrying a polyC tract in the leader as well as a polyG tract in the trailer, neither of which had any effect on translational efficiency by itself. Therefore, we conclude that the leader and trailer regions (including the polyA tail) of PGK mRNA are sufficiently close to base-pair when containing complementary sequences. The resulting secondary structure evidently constitutes a barrier for incoming 40S subunits on their way to the AUG start codon.The presence of an 18 nt long polyG tract in the leader completely abolished translation of the PGK mRNA in accordance with earlier observations. However, we found the leaders containing up to 40% G residues interspersed with either A or U, still allow highly efficient translation. This value is about four times as high as the average G content of leader sequence in naturally occurring yeast mRNAS.Finally, neither deletion of about 40% of the trailer sequence of PGK mRNA, not replacement of this sequence by homopolymer tracts had any effect on translational efficiency.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060604
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The glucanase-soluble mannoproteins limit cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell wall porosity ; permeability ; mannan ; cell wall composition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The cell porosity of batch-grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae was maximal in the early exponential phase and fell off rapidly to lower levels in later growth phases.Treatment of stationary-phase cells with alpha-mannosidase restored wall porosity to the level of cells in early exponential phase. When cells in the early exponential phase were treated with alpha-mannosidase, or tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, even higher porosities were obtained. Mutants with truncated mannan side-chains in their wall proteins also had very porous walls. The importance of the mannan side-chains for wall porosity was also seen during sexual induction. Treatment with alpha pheromone, which leads to the formation of wall proteins with shorter mannan side-chains, enhanced wall porosity.Disulphide bridges also affect cell wall porosity. They were predominantly found in the glucanase-soluble wall proteins. Because the main part of the mannan side-chains is also found in this family of wall proteins, our results demonstrate that the glucanase-soluble mannoproteins limit cell wall porosity in yeast.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060606
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assembly of amine oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase in the cytosol of peroxisome-deficient mutants of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha during growth of cells on glucose in the presence of primary amines or D-alanine as the sole nitrogen source (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 501-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Hansenula polymorpha ; peroxisomes ; peroxisome-deficient mutants ; amine oxidase ; D-amino acid oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have studied growth of two peroxisome-deficient mutant strains of Hansenula polymorpha on glucose in the presence of different organic nitrogen sources (methylamine, ethylamine and D-alanine), the metabolism of which is mediated by peroxisome-borne oxidases in wild-type (WT) cells. Both strains grew well on each of these substrates with growth rates comparable to WT cells. Growth on both methylamine and ethylamine was associated with enhanced levels of catalase and amine oxidase in the cells; in D-alanine-grown cells D-amino acid oxidase activity and increased. In WT cells of H-polymorpha the activities of these enzymes were confined to the peroxisomal matrix; however, in both peroxisome-deficient strains their activities were localized in the cytosol. Electron microscopy indicated that, dependent on the stage of growth, the enzymes may form large protein aggregates.The molecular masses of both amine oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase in the mutant strains were identical to their respective counterparts in WT cells, indicating that both proteins were correctly assembled and active in the cytosol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060607
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Obituary (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 535-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060610
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110101
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction: The expression and function of specific genes in early embryonic development (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110102
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mutations affecting embryonic cell migrations in Caenorhabditis elegans (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell migration ; morphogenesis ; mutant analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Four recessive mutations that affect long-range embryonic migration of the two canal-associated neurons (CANs) in C. elegans were isolated and characterized with the goal of identifying genes involved in control of directed cell movement. Mutant animals were identified initially by their “withered” tails, a phenotype associated with abnormal CAN migration; the mutants were then analyzed for abnormal cell migrations by Nomarski microscopy. Based on genetic complementation tests, the mutations were assigned to four different loci, two new (mig-10 III, mig-11 III) and two previously identified (unc-39 V, vab-8 V). Mutations at all four loci affect CAN migration with high to moderate penetrance (the percentage of mutant animals that exhibit the phenotype). In addition, two other bilaterally symmetric pairs of neurons (ALM and HSN), the mesoblast M, and a pair of coelomocyte mother cells are affected by one or more of the mutations, generally with lower penetrance. With the exceptions of HSN and the right coelomocyte mother cell, which occasionally migrate beyond their normal destinations, the cells affected appear to migrate either incompletely or not at all. All the migration phenotypes show incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, although genetic tests suggest that mutations at mig-10 and vab-8 result in complete or nearly complete loss of gene function. The variability in mutant phenotypes allowed tests for interdependence of several of the affected migrations; all those analyzed appeared independent of one another. The possible nature of the mutant defects and possible roles of these four loci in cell migration are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110107
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular analysis of a phylogenetically conserved carrot gene: Developmental and environmental regulation (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Somatic embryogenesis ; gene regulation ; transgenic plants ; β-glucuronidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Extensive studies of gene expression programs in carrot somatic embryos identified a gene, designated Dc3, that serves as a reliable molecular marker for the acquisition of embryogenic potential by carrot cells in culture. The complete sequence of a carrot genomic region, DcG3, encoding a Dc3-like mRNA, was determined. The DcG3 transcription unit contains a single intron and encodes mRNA that is expressed at high levels in embryonic tissue but is undetectable in somatic tissue of carrot. The predicted protein sequence of DcG3 is 163 amino acids and includes two approximately 50 amino acid direct repeats which in turn include additional repetitive elements with an unusual distribution of charged amino acids. Dc3 and Dc3-like mRNAs are encoded by a small divergent gene family. Furthermore, similarities of the Dc3 gene family with genes from other plant species that are expressed in response to environmental and developmental cues suggest a possible role in seed desiccation and possibly in more general water-stiess responses in plants. Analysis of transgenic tobacco containing a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fused to a 1.7 kb 5′ upstream element of DcG3 defined a promoter/enhancer complex that confers developmentally and environmentally regulated expression of GUS activity. Thus, DcG3 is phylogenetically conserved together with the trans-acting factors required for its regulated expression in transgenic tobacco.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110108
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Different requirements for l(1)giant in two embryonic domains of Drosophila melanogaster (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Pattern formation ; segmentation ; gap genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: L(1)giant is a zygotic lethal mutation which affects the embryonic development of both the labial/thoracic segments and a subset of posterior abdominal segments. Using antibodies specific for proteins encoded by several Drosophila genes to identify the compartmental origin of the defects, we show that the requirement of giant activity is different in these two embryonic domains. Anteriorly, the posterior compartment of the labial segment is missing at the blastoderm stage. Posteriorly, cells are specifically deleted by cell death within the anterior compartments of abdominal segments 5-7 during germ band elongation. In mature embryos, posterior compartment structures of the peripheral nervous system of A5-7 are fused. In addition to a different pattern of defect in the two parts of the embryo, the kind of action appears different. Anteriorly, giant resembles a gap mutation in that a particular region is missing from the blastoderm fate map, whereas in the abdominal domain, giant affects the development of anterior compartment-specific structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110110
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracellular vesicle movement, cAMP and myosin II in Dictyostelium (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 341-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Vesicle movement ; myosin II ; cAMP ; Dictyostelium ; actin ; computer-assisted motion analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Dictyostelium amoebae were analyzed before and after rapid addition of 10-6 M cAMP for cellular motility, dynamic shape changes, and intracellular particle movement. Before cAMP addition, amoebae moved in a persistent anterior fashion and were elongate with F-actin localized predominantly in the anterior pseudopod. Intracellular particles moved rapidly and anteriorly. Within seconds after 10-6 M cAMP addition, cells stopped translocating, pseudopod formation ceased, intra-cellular particle movement was depressed, and F-actin was lost from the pseudopod and concomitantly relocalized in the cell cortex After 10 seconds, expansion zones reappeared but were small and no longer anteriorly localized. Vesicle movement partially rebounded but was no longer anteriorly directed. The myosin II null mutant HS2215 exhibited both depressed cellular translocation and vesicle movement. The addition of cAMP to HS2215 cells did not result in any detectable change in the random, depressed movement of particles. The results with HS2215 suggest that myosin II is essential for (1) rapid cellular translocation, (2) cellular polarity, (3) rapid particle movement, (4) anteriorly directed particle movement, and (5) the cAMP response. Electron micrographs suggest that at least half of the particles examined in this study contain in turn smaller membrane bound vesicles or multilameilar membrane bodies. The possible role of these vesicles is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110505
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ponticulin, a developmentally-regulated plasma membrane glycoprotein, mediates actin binding and nucleation (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 354-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Amoeboid movement ; cell adhesion ; cytoskeleton ; cell motility ; Dictyostelium ; microfilaments ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ponticulin is a 17,000-dalton transmembrane glycoprotein that is involved in the binding and nucleation of actin filaments by Dictyostelium discoideum plasma membranes. The major actin-binding protein isolated from these membranes by F-actin affinity chromatography, ponticulin also binds F-actin on blot overlays. The actin-binding activity of ponticulin in vitro is identical to that observed for purified plasma membranes: it resists extraction with 0.1 N NaOH, is sensitive to high salt concentrations, and is destroyed by heat, proteolysis, and thiol reduction and alkylation. A cytoplasmic domain of ponticulin mediates binding to actin because univalent antibody fragments directed against the cytoplasmic surface of this protein inhibit 96% of the actin-membrane binding in sedimenlation assays. Antibody specific for ponticulin emoves both ponticu-lin and the ability to reconstitute actin nucleation activity from detergent extracts of solubilized plasma membranes. Levels of plasma membrane ponticulin increase 2- to 3-fold during aggregation streaming, when cells adhere to each other and are highly motile. Although present throughout the plasma membrane, ponticulin is preferentially localized to some actin-rich membrane structures, including sites of cell-cell adhesion and arched regions of the plasma membrane reminiscent of the early stages of pseudopod formation. Ponticulin also is present but not obviously enriched at phagocytic cups of log-phase amebae. These results indicate that ponticulin may function in vivo to attach and nucleate actin filaments at the cytoplas-mic surface of the plasma membrane. A 17,000-dalton analogue of ponticulin has been identified in human polymorphonuclear leukocyte plasma membranes by immunoblotting and immunofluo-rescence microscopy. These findings suggest that the structure and function of ponticulin in motile cells has been evolutionarily conserved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110506
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Timing of the formation of the prestalk and prespore zones in Dictyostelium discoideum (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Cellular slime molds ; timing of differentiation ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Vital dyes have been extensively used in many laboratories to distinguish the prestalk and prespore zones of a migrating slug in Dictyostelium discoideum. Here we present evidence that the two zones do not form immediately following aggregation, as is sometimes assumed, but only after 1-4.5 hr of migration. When the transition to the two-toned state occurs, it changes very quickly, in a matter of approximately 10 min. Furthermore, it can be rapidly induced by submerging the slug in mineral oil. The time of appearance of the zones is correlated with previously reported changes in the distribution of cyclic AMP secretion and with changes in regulation properties along the axis of the slug.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110518
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of the anterior-like cell state by Ammonia in Dictyostelium discoideum (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 442-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Prestalk cells ; prespore cells ; slugs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ammonia appears to be an important regulatory signal for several aspects of the Dictyostelium life cycle. The postulated role of ammonia in the determination of the prespore pathway in cells of the slug stage has led us to examine the effect of ammonia on the prestalk/prespore ratio of migrating slugs. In the presence of 10-3 M ammonium chloride, the volume of the prestalk region decreases by 40.8%. The kinetics of the process make it unlikely that this is due to a shift in the differentiation pathway. A test of the hypothesis that the decrease in volume of the prestalk region is due to the conversion of prestalk cells to anterior-like cells shows that the percent of anterior-like cells in the posterior region increases by the amount predicted by the hypothesis. This suggests that ammonia may be the molecular signal, produced by the tip, that prevents anterior-like cells from chemotactically migrating to the tip and thereby becoming anterior cells. The effect of enzymatic removal of ammonia from vitally stained migrating slugs is the appearance of a series of dark stripes beginning at the posterior end and progressing forward. We interpret this as a result of progressive removal of anterior-like cells from tip dominance and essentially as the formation of new potential tips. Indeed, in a few cases one or even two of the stripes separate from the posterior of the cell mass and form small fruiting bodies. We consider the phenomenon of stripe formation further evidence that the tip acts on anterior-like cells through ammonia.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110519
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of developmentally expressed antigens in Polysphondylium pallidum (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Cellular slime molds ; patterning ; development ; immunoblotting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A series of monoclonal antibodies were previously raised against developing Polysphondylium pallidum cells. In this work, six of these antibodies have been used as probes to identify and characterize antigens regulated during development. Soluble and membrane fractions of P. pallidum cells at six stages of development or three stages of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-induced development were run in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels and subjected to Western blot analysis. Three of the monoclonals, anti-Tp200, anti-Tp423, and antiPg 101, stain sorogen tips. Tp423 and Tp200 are membrane-associated antigens; both are stable to urea extraction, and Tp200 remains in the membrane after NaOH extraction. Tp423 is present in starved cells but is more prominent in sorogens and particularly in cAMP-developed cells. In contrast, Tp200 is first detected in early to mid-aggregation and is more abundant late in development. Pg101, which is expressed as a gradient with its highest concentration in tips, first appears in tight aggregates but is much more abundant in sorogens; unlike the Tp antigens, Pg101 is not greatly induced in cAMP-developed cells. All three of these antigens undergo changes in apparent molecular weight at the tight aggregate or sorogen stage: The gel mobilities of Tp200 and Pg101 increase, whereas that of Tp423 decreases. In addition to the tip-specific monoclonals, two monoclonals that stain all but the tips of sorogens have been used for analysis. One of these, anti-3D 10Pnk stains most cells within secondary tips, whereas anti-3D 10Dif does not. 3D 10Dif is membrane associated; it is present very early in development, increasing two- to threefold through the sorogen stage and diminishing in late cAMP-developed cells. 3D 10Pnk is a mostly soluble species first detected in late streaming. Anti-1c3, a sixth monoclonal, which stains nuclei uniformly throughout sorogens, is also developmentally expressed. 1c3 is mainly membrane associated and is expressed from late streaming through the sorogen stage.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110517
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quartet: A Drosophila developmental mutation affecting chromosome separation in mitosis (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 27-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Maternal effect ; Drosophila embryogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The Drosophila mutation, quartet, affects development at points in the life cycle that require intense mitotic activity. Examination of embryos affected by the maternal effect of quartet has revealed defects that can be attributed to incomplete chromosome separation at mitosis. These defects include uneven spacing of nuclei, strands of DNA creating bridges between nuclei, and abnormal amounts of DNA per nucleus. Nuclei in quartet-affected embryos also have a greater-than-normal number of centrosomes. Immunofluorescent examination of the spindles in quartet-affected embryos has revealed tripolar spindles and adjacent spindles that share a common spindle pole. Finally, chromosome separation distance was measured in anaphase and telophase spindles in quartet-affected embryos and found to be blocked in anaphase. Examination of mitotic figures in quartet larvae revealed a reduced mitotic index and an elevated frequency of abnormal mitotic figures. quartet could encode a function necessary for the disengagement of chromosomes in mitosis, for kinetochore function or for function of a spindle motor. Mutations in quartet prevent the post-translational modification of three abundant proteins. These proteins may be involved in chromosome separation in mitosis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110105
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temporal and spatial expression of a cytoskeletal actin gene in the ascidian Styela clava (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 2-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Gene expression ; mRNA localization ; ascidian embryos ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have cloned and characterized the temporal and spatial expression of ScCAl5, a cDNA clone encoding an actin gene in the ascidian Styela clava. The partial nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of this single- copy gene suggest that it is a cytoskeletal actin. Northern analysis shows that ScCAl5 corresponds to a 1.8-kb mRNA that is transcribed during oogenesis, during embryonic development, and in the adult. In situ hybridization shows that maternal ScCA15 mRNA is distributed uniformly in the cyto- plasm of the oocyte and unfertilized egg. During the period of ooplasmic segregation following fertilization, however, ScCAl5 mRNA appears to be translocated into the ectoplasm, a specialized cytoplasmic region of the egg. During the early cleavages, the ectoplasmic transcripts are partitioned to ectodermal cells in the animal hemisphere, which are precursors of the epidermis and nervous system of the larva. Maternal ScCA15 mRNA is degraded just before gastrulation and replaced by zygotic transcripts which begin to accumulate between the neurula and mid-tailbud stages. Zygotic ScCAl5 mRNA accumulates primarily in the epidermal and neural cells, although lower levels of these transcripts may also be present in tail muscle cells. These results show that two mechanisms are used to concentrate ScCA15mRNA in the ectodermal cells during development: (1) localization and differential segregation of maternal transcripts and (2) specific expression of the ScCA15 gene. ScCAl5 mRNA is detected by in situ hybridization in the testes, ovaries, alimentary tract, and endostyle of adults. In the testes, ScCA15 mRNA is present in developing sperm, whereas in the ovary, these transcripts are present in the germinal epithelium and developing oocytes. In the alimentary tract, ScCAl5 mRNA is confined to the gastric epithelium of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. Since the ScCA15 gene is expressed in embryonic and adult tissues that are undergoing rapid cell division, this actin is likely to function in some aspect of cell proliferation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110103
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transcripts of individual Drosophila actin genes are differentially distributed during embryogenesis (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; gene regulation ; multigene family ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation of transcripts from individual actin genes during Drosophila embryogenesis have been determined by in situ hybridization. We describe the subcloning into transcription vectors of unique DNA fragments derived from the 3′ transcribed, but nontranslated region of each actin gene. These fragments then served as templates for the synthesis in vitro of single-stranded, radioactive gene-specific RNA probes. Probe characterization and hybridization to developmental RNA blots are presented, demonstrated the independent developmental accumulation of actin transcripts from each gene. Each gene-specific probe has been hybridized in situ to the transcripts present in embryonic frozen sections. The results of these experiments have demonstrated that transcripts from each actin gene accumulate differentially in developing Drosophila tissues. The 5C and 42A actin genes are cytoplasmic actin genes, with transcripts distributed in all cells and tissues of the developing embryo. Therefore these genes presumably encode the cytoplasmic actins used for functions common to all cells. Transcripts from both cytoplasmic actin genes are evenly distributed in preblastoderm embryos, becoming localized to the periphery at blastoderm formation [5C: Burn et al.: Dev Biol 131:345-355, 1989]. Later in development, levels of these cytoplasmic transcripts vary in specific tissues. While the patterns of localization of 5C actin transcripts have been published [Burn et al.: Dev Biol 131:345-355, 1989], differential neurological localization is presented here; 42A transcripts are localized at higher concentrations in the midgut, the brain, nerve cord, and gonad. Both 87E and 57B transcripts accumulated in the developing larval body wall musculature, but at differing levels and in differing patterns. Transcripts of the 79B and the 88F actin genes were undetectable in embryos. The results of these experiments suggest dedicated contributions of individual actin genes to complex developmental processes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110104
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of NA, K-ATpase α and β subunit genes during preimplantation development of the mouse (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Embryogenesis ; cavitation ; Na ; K-ATPase ; mRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: NaK-ATPase is a plasma membrane enzyme that plays a critical role in eutherian blastocoel formation (cavitation) by pumping Na+ into the extracellular space enclosed by the trophectoderm. Previous experiments with the mouse had shown that the α (catalytic) subunit of the enzyme becomes detectable by immunocyto-chemistry in the late morula, just prior to the onset of cavitation. In the present study we have used cDNAs corresponding to three mRNA isoforms of the α subunit and a β subunit to determine which genes are expressed during preimplantation development and to explore the timing of their expression. Of the three α subunit cDNAs tested by Northern blot hybridization with blastocyst RNA, only α1 produced a hybridization signal, recognizing a single mRNA about 4 kb in length. This mRNA is relatively abundant in zygotes but barely detectable by the 2-cell stage and then accumulates steadily thereafter to reach its preimplantation maximum in blastocysts. The β1 cDNA detected mRNA of about 2.6-2.8 kb. This mRNA is present in zygotes but could not be detected in 2-, 4-, or 8- cell stages; it is present at a low level in late morulae and is abundant in blastocysts. The temporal profile of accumulation of β1 mRNA thus matches more closely than does α1 the timing of appearance of the catalytic subunit. This suggests that the β subunit may regulate production of the holoenzyme and hence the timing of cavitation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110106
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization and expression of two sea urchin homeobox gene sequences (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Divergent homeobox ; embryonic transcription ; homeobox evolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We describe two homeobox sequences, TgHbox5 and TgHboxó, isolated from the Hawaiian sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla using a Drosophila Sex combs reduced probe. Sequence analysis shows that the encoded TgHbox5 home-odomain shares only 30-52% amino acid identity with homeodomains encoded by previously characterized genes, establishing that it is a divergent homeobox that is not in any known class of homeoboxes. TgHbox5 is expressed in the embryo as two major developmentally regulated transcripts. one at 5.0 kilobase (kb) appearing by blastula stage and the other at 2.7 kb appearing at pluteus stage. Multiple transcripts from TgHbox5 are present at a much lower level in adult tissues and are predominantly expressed in small and large intestines. The TgHbox6 homeobox is an Antennapedia-class homeobox, which appears not to be expressed during embryogenesis but produces abundant 3.6 and 3.2 kb transcripts in the six adult tissues examined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110109
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 123-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110113
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Butyrate induces expression of transfected human fetal and endogenous mouse embryonic globin genes in GM 979 erythroleukemia cells (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Human fetal globin gene ; hemoglobin switching ; mouse erythroleukemia cells ; erythroid differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have analyzed the expression of endogenous murine genes and of transfected human fetal Aγ globin gene in GM 979, a mouse erythroleukemia line which produces adult as well as embryonic globins. Optimal induction of the endogenous murine adult globin genes was obtained with DMSO or HMBA while the ∊y and βh1 embryonic genes were preferentially induced by butyrate. Similarly, the transferred human Aγ globin gene was preferentially induced by butyrate. These results as well as previous observations in vivo or in erythroid cell cultures suggest that butyrate preferentially induces the expression of fetal globin genes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110207
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 175-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110302
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct gene transfer to protoplasts: Fate of the transferred genes (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Direct gene transfer ; transgenic plants ; expression of transgenes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Direct gene transfer to protoplasts is one of several methods developed for the production of transgenic plants. This method utilizes the efficient uptake of DNA from the surrounding medium by protoplasts (cell wall-less plant cells). Where a suitable protoplast system exists large numbers of transformant clones can be efficiently produced and often regenerated to normal fertile plants. This review concentrates on the fate of the DNA which is taken up into the protoplasts. Particular emphasis is given to the factors which can influence the integration and form of the transferred DNA, the expression of transferred genes, and the inheritance in further generations of those genes. The information available suggests (1) that DNA is taken up by a large proportion of the cells in a transformation mixture, (2) that this DNA forms complexes sometimes involving carrier DNA, (3) that fewer cells actually take up DNA into the nucleus, and (4) that the complex may be rearranged and/or amplified and then integrated into the genome. If the DNA is arranged in such a way that a gene can be expressed it does so in a normal manner and is stably inherited both mitotically and meiotically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110303
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins in transgenic plants (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Light-regulated genes ; transgenic plants ; enhancer ; silencer ; regulatory elements ; trans-acting factors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Transgenic plants have been particularly useful in studying nuclear genes encoding for photosynthetic functions. The expression of these genes and their chimeric constructs in transgenic plants faithfully mimics their natural counterparts. The use of sensitive chimeric reporter genes has enabled localizing the activity of genes encoding photosynthetic proteins to individual cells. Cab and rbcS transgenes have been shown to retain sensitivity to light quality, which is modulated by phytochrome. Conditional light activation under the influence of a circadian rhythm has been shown for Cab transgenes. Transgenic plants containing truncated promoters have helped delineate cis-regulatory positive and negative elements involved in light-mediated transcriptional induction and tissue specificity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110305
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chimeric genes and transgenic plants are used to study the regulation of genes involved in symbiotic plant-microbe interactions (nodulin genes) (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 182-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): nodulins ; leghemoglobin ; glutamine synthetase ; Enod2 ; cis-acting elements ; transacting factors ; Agrobacterium turnefaciens ; A. rhizogenes ; binary vectors ; plant transformation ; chimeric genes ; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ; glucuronidase ; cytokinin induction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Nodulin genes are plant genes specifically activated during the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on leguminous plants. These genes are interesting to study since they are not only induced in a specific developmental fashion by signals coming directly or indirectly from the rhizobial symbiont, but are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner. By examining the expression of chimeric nodulin-reporter genes in transgenic legume plants it has been shown that nodule specific expression is mediated by DNA sequences present in the 5′upstream region of several nodulin genes. Here we summarize the available data on these cis-acting elements and the trans-acting factors interacting with them. We also review experiments designed to identify rhizobial “signals” which may play a role in nodule specific gene expression.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110304
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cell cycle-regulated gene expression in transgenic plant cells (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA ; cell cycle gene expression ; cis-acting element ; wheat histone H3 gene ; trnas-acting factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A majority of histone genes are expressed in the S phase during the cell cycle. Using the gene expression system of transformed sunflower cells into which wheat histone H3 gene was introduced by the Ti-plasmid gene transfer technique, we determined three cis-acting control sequences (hexameric, octameric, and nonameric motifs) which seemed to confer the S-phase-specific transcription of wheat histone genes. Furthermore, as candidates for regulatory transcription factors, three nuclear DNA-binding proteins HBP-la, HBP-lb, and HBP-2 that interact with the hexameric and nonameric motifs were identified. The structural analysis of the cDNA of HBP-la revealed that a nuclear protein has the leucine-zipper structure and a DNA-binding motif. The hexameric motif in the H3 gene was also seen in cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter and shown to function as a regulatory element of this promoter. The wheat HBP-1b can interact with the hexameric motif of the CaMV 35S promoter. Much attention has been paid to the significance of the hexameric sequences within the H3 and CaMV 35S promoters and the DNA-binding proteins HBP-la and HBP-lb.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110306
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110401
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bacterial and firefly luciferase genes in transgenic plants: Advantages and disadvantages of a reporter gene (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 224-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): lux ; luc reporter genes ; light emission ; gene expression ; single photon imaging in vivo ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Genes encoding light-emitting luciferase were recently isolated from luminous marine bacteria and fireflies. Expression of luciferase genes in diverse organisms is a unique way for studying gene expression by simple and sensitive measurement of light. Recent advances in application of luciferase reporter genes are reviewed and documented by examples of in vivo visualization of their expression in transgenic plants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110308
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene interactions and epigenetic variation in transgenic plants (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 214-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Gene interactions ; cytosine methylation ; epigenetic variation ; transgenic plants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Unusual gene interactions were observed in several doubly transformed tobacco plants which were obtained following sequential transformation steps using two T-DNAs encoding different selection and screening markers. The expression of T-DNA-I, which encoded kanamycin resistance (Kanr) and nopaline synthase (NOS), was suppressed in some, but not all, of the double transformants after the introduction of T-DNA-II, which encoded hygromycin resistance (Hygr) and octopine synthase (OCS). Double transformants in which T-DNA-I had been inactivated could produce KanrNOS+ progeny, but these were shown to lack T-DNA-II, thus establishing the role of this T-DNA in the suppression of T-DNA-I. Reversible cytosine methylation of the promoters of T-DNA-I genes was shown to correlate with their activation/inactivation cycle. In this paper we pursue further the questions of the mechanism of suppression of T-DNA-I genes by T-DNA-II, and also the timing and extent of demethylation of T-DNA-I promoters in Kanr progeny following the loss of T-DNA-II. We propose that the suppression is due to the competition between homologous regions on each T-DNA for binding to nuclear sites with fixed locations. We further suggest that incomplete demethylation patterns of T-DNA-I promoters in Kanr progeny reflect the existence in the shoot apex meristem of two cell populations, which have either methylated or unmethylated T-DNA-I promoters, respectively. Thus, Kanr progeny are epigenetic chimeras with respect to the expression of T-DNA-I genes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110307
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatin structure of transferred genes in transgenic plants (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 233-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatin structure ; foreign gene expression ; transgenic plants ; Nicotiana tabacum ; position effect ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The chromatin structure of foreign genes in transgenic tobacco plants was investigated by digestion of nuclei with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease, respectively, followed by restriction and Southern analysis of the digestion products. The results were compared to the differential expression of the different transgenes. Two model systems were used: plants harbouring vector DNA derived from the disarmed vector pGV 3850 and plants harbouring the light-regulated and organ-specifically expressed potato ST-LS1 gene and the cotransferred ncpaline synthase (nos) reporter gene. Our results show that transferred genes are located in DNase l-sensitive domains in all transformants. Slight variations of DNase l-sensitivity of the transferred ST-LS1 constructs in different transformants neither reflected the between-transformant variability of expression nor the organ-specific activity of the transgenes. A deletion event was found responsible for silencing the ST-LS1 gene but not the nos gene in one of the transformants. Whereas no DNase l-hypersensitive sites were found within the 3850-T-DNA and the ST-LS1 gene, one prominent site was mapped to the nos promoter within the ST-LS1 construct in all transformants. Digestion of chromatin harbouring 3850-T-DNA with micrococcal nuclease resulted in a blurred nucleosomal pattern as compared to nucleolar and bulk chromatin, the extent of blurring being independent of the expression of transferred genes. The present results favour the “permissive domain” hypothesis which capitalizes on the chromatin surrounding the integration site as the determining factor for the chromatin structure of incoming alien genes. However, between-transformant variability of expression is not reflected by differential sensitivity to DNase I. Hence, other factors than chromatin structure must be involved in creating “position effects”.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110309
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster male and female embryos generated by segregation distortion of the sex chromosomes (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; embryonic development ; sex differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report the first practical application of a genetic scheme devised for the purpose of obtaining large quantities of embryos of a specific sex. The scheme, which is based on the meiotic drive system Segregation Distorter, results in the production of populations of zygotes that are almost exclusively of one sex. We have used this scheme to determine that the steady-state levels of transcripts of X-linked genes are the same in early male and female embryos, establishing that these genes are dosage compensated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110402
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gametic imprinting and the manifestation of the fused gene in the house mouse (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Penetrance ; reciprocal effects ; suppressor genes ; developmental cycle in mammals ; initialization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The phenomenon of gametic imprinting in mammals has raised developmentally relevant questions concerning the manifestation and inheritance of genes with variable penetrance. The dominant fused (Fu) gene located on chromosome 17 is one of the few good cases demonstrating the phenomenon in mice. The Fu mutation has a maternal effect.We have previously shown that the † 12 haplotype significantly lowers the penetrance of Fuin ♀ ♀ Fu/†12 offspring. Results of recipiocal matings of the heterozygotes for Fu indicated that the Fu of maternal origin has a lowered level of penetrance. The dominant suppressors locotad outside chromosome 17, in contrast to †12 residing in it, had stronger effects on the manifestation of Fu, decreasing its penetrance to 8-17%. Experimental evidence is presented that the pathway via which Fu passes to the zygote nucleus during gametogenesis through successive generations has a marked effect on its penetrance. Based on this evidence, patterns of genetic imprinting are described. A survey of genetic imprinting allowed us to distinguish two developmental phases, gametic and zygotic. The hypothesis for the gametic phase of the development of multicellular organisms suggests that it proceeds from initialization, a process thought to ensure the freeing of chromosomes from redundant epigenetic information and their preparation for the consecutive developmental cycle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110404
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of coat-color patterns in aggregation chimeras between BALB/cA and C3H/HeN mice with special reference to migratory patterns and clone number of epidermal melanoblasts (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 254-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Video-image analysis ; contact inhibition ; collision theory ; neural crest ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Chimeras provide unique opportunities to study interactions between the phenotypically similar but genotypically allogeneic cell populations during embryogenesis in vivo. From the quantitative analysis of coat-color patterns in C3H/HeN↔BALB/cA chimeras, a model was proposed stating that the aggregability of the C3H/ HeN-derived melanoblasts in the chimeras was inversely related to the ratio between the mean free path of the epidermal melanoblasts in the normal C3H/He N mouse and that in the chimeras. As a corollary, the possibility was suggested that during the migration of melanoblasts, mechanisms identical with or similar to contact inhibition of movement might operate after collision between the isogeneic, but not between the allogeneic melanoblasts. With regard to the number of melanoblast clones in the trunk region of the mouse, the present series of analyses yielded the value of 24-28 arranged unilaterally; the value closely approximated the number of the somites in that region and provided further support for the proposition made earlier by Tachi [Dev Genet 9:121-154, 1988; “Development of Preimplantation Embryos and Their Environment.” New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1989, pp 263-274].
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110403
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat shock causes the collapse of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in Drosophila embryos (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 270-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Phenocopy ; developmental arrest ; heat lability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Heat shock has a dramatic effect on the organization of the cytoplasm, causing the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to aggregate of the nucleus. This has previously been shown in cultured Drosophila and mammalian cells. In this paper we analyze the heat lability of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in early Drosophila embryos by indirect immunofluorescence. At all stages of embryogenesis tested, the intermediatefilamentcytoskeleton, which is maternally provided, is severely disturbed by 30 min heat shock at 37°C. After the nuclei have migrated to the subcortical cytoplasm, it collapses around them. Nuclei in all heat-shocked embryos are considerably enlarged and become displaced. Embryos before cellular blastoderm stage, in which heat shock protein synthesis is not inducible, are irreversibly arrested in development by heat shock. Embryos at or after cellular blastoderm, which do synthesize heat shock proteins in response to stress, are also immediately arrested in development but continue development when returned to 25°C. We discuss the possibility that cytoplasmic events such as the intermediate filament cytoskeleton rearrangement may be involved in heat shock-mediated phenocopy induction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110405
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization, expression, evolutionary conservation, and structure of the 30,000 dalton actin bundling protein of Dictyostelium discoideum (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 362-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Dictyostelium ; filopodia ; actin binding proteins ; calcium ; cell motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The Dictyostelium discoideum 30,000 dalton actin-binding protein is an actin cross-linking protein that organizes formation of parallel bundles of actin filaments in vitro, and is present in filopodia in living cells. This protein binds calcium directly and exhibits a decreased affinity for actin filaments in the presence of micromolar calcium. In this work, the existence of antigenic homologs of the 30,000 dalton protein in Physarum polycephalum, Schistosoma mansoni, Chara carolina, and Drosophila melanogaster is detected by use of affinity purified antibody and electrophoretic blotting methods. The expression of this protein during development of Dictyostelium is also analyzed, revealing a progressive 3-fold decrease in the level of this protein in amoebae between the vegetative and slug stages. A highly ordered structure of bundles of actin and the 30,000 dalton protein formed in vitro is inferred from the presence of transverse striations on the bundles with a minor periodicity at 11.4 nm and a major periodicity at 33.9 nm. Finally, we propose a working model of the interaction of this actin cross-linking protein with actin filaments to form bundles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110507
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heterodimeric capping proteins constitute a highly conserved group of actin-binding proteins (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Cytoskeleton ; capping proteins ; genamic structure ; Dictyostelium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The two subunits of the het-erodimeric protein cop32/34, an actin-binding protein, are encoded by separate single-copy genes. We have established the genomic structure of both genes. A sequence comparison of cap32/34 with capZ from chicken skeletal muscle and two partially known sequences from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis show that heterodimeric capping proteins belong to a highly conserved group of actin-binding proteins. This conclusion is supported by the cross-reaction of polyclonal antibodies against cap32 and cap34 with proteins from lower and higher eukaryotes. In addition, a system is presented that allows the expression of truncated cap34 polypeptides under the control of the cap34 promoter.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110508
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recent advances in the molecular genetics of Dictyostelium (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 388-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Transformation ; electroporotion ; gene targetting ; antisense RNA ; complementation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: DNA mediated transformation is a critical technique for uniting genetic, molecular genetic and reverse genetic approaches to a wide range of problems in cell and molecular biology. In Dictyostelium, there is now the capability not only to manipulate DNA sequences in vitro and put them back into the cell, but also to alter the sequences of endogenous chromosomal genes through high frequency homologous recombination. This means that the range of gene manipulation techniques that have made yeast such a useful system should now be applicable in Dictyostelium. For studying problems such as cellular motility, morphogenesis, and gene regulation, few organisms have the combination of features offered by Dictyostelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110510
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Establishment of conditions for the transformation of nonaxenic Dictyostelium strains (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Lipofectin ; slime mould ; transformation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have studied the transient expression, in Dictyostelium cells growing on a bacterial food source, of a construct containing the coding region of the firefly luciferase gene inserted downstream of a Dictyosteliumactin promoter. The fusion gene is not detectably expressed when DNA is introduced by calcium phosphate precipitation or by electroporation, but it is expressed when introduced using cationic liposomes (lipofectin). Using this latter procedure, we are able to transform cells with a G418 resistance vector and select stable, drug-resistant transformants at a relatively low, but workable, efficiency. This technique will allow molecular genetics to be applied to the many important nonaxenic Dictyostelium strains.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110511
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cell-cell adhesion and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): Cell-cell ; adhesion molecule ; cell binding site ; cell aggregation ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: During development of Dictyostelium discoideum, cells acquire EDTA-resistant cell-cell adhesion at the aggregation stage. The EDTA-resistant cell binding activity is associated with a cell surface glycoprotein of Mr 80,000 (gp80), which mediates cell-cell binding via ho-mophilic interaction. Analysis of the structure of gp80 deduced from cDNA sequence reveals the presence of three internally homologous segments in the NH2-terminal domain, which also contains regions with homology to the neural cell adhesion molecule. Secondary structure predictions show an abundance of β-structures and very few α-helices. This is confirmed by circular dichroism measurements. It is likely that the homologous segments are organized into globular structures, extended from the cell surface by a Pro-rich stalk domain. The cell binding activity of gp80 resides within the first globular repeat of the NH2-terminal domain and has been mapped to a 51 amino acid region between Val123 and Leu 173. Synthetic oligopeptides corresponding to sequences within this region have been prepared and assayed for their ability to bind to cell surface gp80. Results lead to identification of the homophilic binding site to an octapeptide sequence within this region. Synthetic peptides containing this octapeptide sequence and univalent antibodies directed against this site block the formation of organized cell streams during aggregation. Although cell aggregates are eventually formed, most fail to undergo further development to give rise to slugs and fruiting bodies, indicating that cell-cell adhesion involving gp80 is an important step in normal morphogenesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110509
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