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  • 1985-1989  (1,784)
  • 1989  (1,784)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1,514)
  • Genetics  (139)
  • Life Sciences (general)  (131)
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Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,784)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The apolipoprotein multigene family: Structure, expression, evolution, and molecular genetics (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Apolipoprotein ; Gene expression ; Genetics ; Evolution ; Gene duplication ; Lipid binding ; DNA polymorphism ; Hypercholesterolemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma apolipoproteins can be classified into two subgroups: the soluble apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II, A-IV, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E, and the apoBs including apoB-100 and apoB-48. The soluble apolipoproteins have very similar genomic structures, each having a total of three introns at the same locations; apoA-IV is an exception in that it has lost its first intron. Using the exon/intron junctions as reference points, we can obtain an alignment of the coding regions of all the soluble apolipoprotein genes. The mature peptide regions of the genes are almost completely made up of tandem repeats of 11 codons. The part of mature peptide region encoded by exon 3 contains a common block of 33 codons, whereas the part encoded by exon 4 contains a much more variable number of internal repeats of 11 codons. On the basis of the degree of homology of the various sequences, and the pattern of the internal repeats in these genes, an evolutionary tree has been proposed for the soluble apolipoprotein genes. ApoB-100 differs considerably from the soluble apolipoproteins. It is the largest apolipoprotein containing 4536 amino acid residues. Two types of internal repeats are identified in apoB-100: amphipathic α-helical repeats and proline-containing repeats with high β-sheet content. The apoB gene contains 29 exons and 28 introns. Its evolutionary relationship to the soluble apolipoprotein genes is unclear. The 3′ end of the apoB gene contains a region of variable number of tandem 12–16-base pair repeats. We have applied the polymerase chain reaction technique to characterize this highly polymorphic locus. The same technique can be used to accurately type other variable number of tandem repeats loci. Finally, apoB-48 was shown to be the product of an RNA editing mechanism involving an intestinal mRNA that has an in-frame UAA stop codon resulting from a C→U change in the codon CAA encoding Gln-2153 in apoB-100 mRNA. Using a molecular approach to apolipoprotein synthesis, structure and genetic analysis, we have generated information important to our understanding of lipoprotein metabolism; we also uncovered unexpected experimental results that are relevant to general cell and molecular biology and molecular evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01717324
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic predisposition to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; insulin gene ; DQβ gene ; fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (previously known as tropical pancreatic diabetes) is a rare cause of diabetes confined to countries within the tropical belt. The aetiology of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes is thought to be environmental although the agent(s) is unknown. We have investigated a possible genetic basis of this disease by looking for restriction fragment length polymorphisms of genes implicated in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. Seventy-six Dravidian patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes were studied, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms obtained compared to racially matched control subjects (n=94), patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (n=87) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (n=58). No association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was found with restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the insulin receptor gene. Although no association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was found with polymorphism of the HLA DRα/DQα/DXα genes, an association was found with the Taq 1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the DQβ gene (DQβ T2/T6 present in 39% of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes compared to 19% in control subjects; p=0.01; corrected p value=0.04) which is similar to that found in Type 1 but not Type 2 diabetes. An association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was also found with the hypervariable region in the 5-prime flanking region of the insulin gene; 40% of patients possessed the class 3 allele compared to 9.5% of control subjects p=0.0001; corrected p value=0.0008). In Type 2 diabetes, similar results were obtained with 33% subjects possessing the class 3 allele (p value compared to control subjects=0.0005; corrected p value=0.004). This study suggests that fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes has a genetic component in its aetiology. Furthermore, its origin might be related to an individual with part of the genetic predisposition to diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) who additionally has evidence of chronic calcific pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265403
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population biology of two land snails (Mesomphix spp.): variation among six southern appalachian sites with differing disturbance histories (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 372-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Logging disturbance ; Land gastropods ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ecological and genetic properties of two North American terrestrial gastropods (Mesomphix spp.) were characterized in paired control and previously logged watersheds in two North Carolina forests (Coweeta and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park) of the Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve Cluster. Shell growth was greater in the control sites, but density and mortality were largely independent of prior logging history and forest reserve. Based on starch gel electrophoresis data, both species showed their highest levels of genetic diversity in the Coweeta forest, the component of the reserve cluster which had the most extensive and variable history of logging disturbance. M. subplanus also exhibited higher levels of heterozygosity in logged than in control watersheds, and M. andrewsae showed over twice as many rare alleles in disturbed sites as in control sites. F-statistic analysis depicted both excess levels of homozygosity and moderate genetic differentiation among the populations, reflecting the effects of small population size and perhaps drift and inbreeding. Estimated gene flow was relatively low. These results correspond to the recent finding by Bryant et al. (1987) and others on the effects of bottlenecks, and to the contrasting history of habitat instability of the two major study forests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384317
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convulsant properties of GABA antagonists and anticonvulsant properties of ethanol in selectively bred Long- and Short-Sleep mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 544-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Bicuculline ; Picrotoxin ; Seizures ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The convulsant potency of bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, was shown to be greater in Short-Sleep (SS) mice than in Long-Sleep (LS) mice. LS mice, selectively bred for lengthy ethanol-induced narcosis, had longer latencies to myoclonus and clonus following administration of bicuculline and picrotoxin than did ethanol-resistant SS mice. SS mice were also more susceptible to pentylenetetrazol-induced myoclonus, but not clonus. F1 hybrids showed bicuculline seizure sensitivity intermediate to the two parent lines. Ethanol weakly inhibited bicuculline-induced myoclonus in both LS and SS mice. Clonus was clearly antagonized by ethanol in both lines, but to a similar degree. These data provide evidence for a GABAergic role in geno-type-dependent sensitivity to ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocaine produces low dose locomotor depressant effects in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Locomotor activity ; CNS depression ; Cocaine ; Mice ; Behavior ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cocaine produces several behavioral effects, most notably locomotor stimulation. Biochemically, cocaine is known to inhibit reuptake at the three monoamine transporter sites, and may have highest affinity at the serotonin transporter. Serotonin augmentation has been associated with decreases in behavioral activity, but cocaine has not been reported to produce behavioral depressant effects except at high doses which cause stereotypy and disruption of behavior. This study examined the effects of relatively low doses of cocaine, in the range of 0.1–10 mg/kg, on locomotor activity in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. A biphasic dose-response curve was seen for both strains. At the lowest doses, activity was depressed. As the dose of cocaine increased, activity returned to baseline, and at the highest doses, increases in locomotor activity were found. DBA/2J mice were depressed at a lower dose of cocaine than were C57BL/6J mice; however, C57BL/6J mice showed locomotor depression over a broader range of doses. Activity was maximally depressed at 0.1 mg/kg for DBA/2J mice, and maximally depressed at 0.3 mg/kg for C57BL/6J mice. Thus, low doses of cocaine are shown to produce significant decreases in locomotor activity in two strains of mice. It is postulated that these low doses of cocaine which depress locomotor activity do so via inhibition of serotonin uptake, resulting in potentiation of serotonergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype-dependent effects of GABAergic agents on sedative properties of ethanol (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 518-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; GABA ; Bicuculline ; Sedation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two lines of mice, selectively bred for differential sensitivity to the soporific effects of ethanol (ETOH), were administered GABAergic drugs in an effort to evaluate a role for GABA in ETOH sensitivity. ETOH sensitive Long-Sleep mice (LS) showed potentiated ETOH sedation when administered bicuculline, muscimol and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). ETOH-insensitive SS mice exhibited reduced ETOH sedation in the presence of the antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin, and potentiated sedation in the presence of muscimol and AOAA. These changes in narcosis duration were interpreted as central effects, since blood ethanol levels at waking from ETOH sedation varied with GABAergic drug treatment. Picrotoxin antagonized pentobarbital-induced nacrosis in both lines, but to a greater extent in SS mice. These and other experiments with a genetically heterogeneous stock suggest GABA involvement in genotype-dependent ETOH sensitivity, but do not support a simple role of GABA receptor involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441952
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of ethanol effects by bicuculline: genotype-dependent responses and inheritance (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol (ETOH) ; GABA ; Bicuculline ; Sedation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic influences on the interaction between ethanol (ETOH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter systems were eveluated with a survey of responses to coadministration of ETOH and a GABA antagonist, bicuculline, in a battery of inbred mouse strains. The selectively bred ETOH-sensitive Long-Sleep (LS) mice, the relatively ETOH-resistant Short-Sleep (SS) mice, and a genetically heterogeneous stock (GHS) were also evaluated. The effect of bicuculline on ETOH-induced sedation, hypothermia, and blood ethanol content upon recovery from sedation was assessed. Inheritance of these responses was also examined using F1 hybrids. The effect of bicuculline on ETOH-produced narcosis varied widely among stocks and included antagonism, potentiation, and no effect. Changes in ETOH-induced narcosis produced by bicuculline were accompanied by changes in blood ethanol concentrations consistent with an hypothesis of altered central nervous system sensitivity to ETOH. Knowledge of a strain's seizure susceptibility to the GABA antagonist or of its sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ETOH were of no predictive value in estimating the outcome of coadministration studies, suggesting at least partially separate genetic influences on each phenotype. In cross-breeding studies there was commonly dominance toward a profile of bicuculline antagonism of ETOH narcosis but different patterns of dominance were observed for seizure susceptibility, again inicating separate genetic control. The results suggest considerable complexity of GABAergic involvement in genotype-dependent ETOH sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441958
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homology and distribution of CO dehydrogenase structural genes in carboxydotrophic bacteria (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Carboxydotrophic bacteria ; Plasmids ; CO dehydrogenase subunits ; N-terminal sequences ; Oligonucleotides ; Hybridization ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 17 (S), 30 (M) and 87 kDa (L) subunits of CO dehydrogenases from the CO-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena and Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 were isolated and purified. The N-terminal sequences of same subunits from different bacteria showed distinct homologies. Dot blot hybridization employing oligonucleotide probes derived from the sequences of the S-subunit of P. carboxydovorans OM5 and the M-subunit of P. carboxydohydrogena and DNA of the plasmid-containing CO-oxidizing bacteria Alcaligenes carboxydus, Azomonas B1, P. carboxydoflava, P. carboxydovorans OM2, OM4 and OM5 indicated that all genes encoding these subunits reside on plasmids. That in P. carboxydovorans OM5 CO dehydrogenase structural genes are located entirely on plasmid pHCG3 was evident from the absence of hybridization employing DNA from the cured mutant strain OM5-12. CO dehydrogenase structural genes could be identified on the chromosome of the plasmid-free bacteria Arthrobacter 11/x, Bacillus schlegelii, P. carboxydohydrogena and P. carboxydovorans OM3. There was no example of a plasmid-harboring carboxydotrophic bacterium that did not carry CO dehydrogenase structural genes on the plasmid. The N-terminal sequences of CO dehydrogenase structural genes were found to be conserved among carboxydotrophic bacteria of distinct taxonomic position, independent of the presence of plasmids. It is discussed whether this might be the consequence of horizontal gene transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425170
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of eye movement dysfunctions in exploring the genetic transmission of schizophrenia (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1989), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Eye movements ; Genetics ; Twins ; Latent trait
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eye movement dysfunctions have been found in a large number of schizophrenic patients and in about half of their first-degree relatives. The distribution of these traits within the families of schizophrenic patients suggests a model of genetic transmission that fits an autosomal dominant model, which we have called the “genetic latent trait model.” The model, with seven parameters, was fitted to a U.S. population and the model was cross-validated on an independent Norwegian sample. Although the model does not invalidate other, more conventional solutions to the puzzle of schizophrenic transmission, such as multifactorial transmission, the latent trait model does more easily permit linkage studies and therefore will allow refutation or support from the use of molecular genetics techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739743
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical control and linkage relationships of isozyme markers in sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; Isozymes ; Genetics ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five isozyme systems were genetically investigated. The different separation techniques, the developmental expression and the use as marker system in sugar beet genetics and breeding is discussed. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was controlled by two genes. The gene products form inter- as well as intralocus dimers, even with the gene products of the Icd gene in B. procumbens and B. patellaris. Adenylate kinase was controlled by one gene. Three different allelic forms were detected, which were active as monomeric proteins. Glucose phosphate isomerase showed two zones of activity. One zone was polymorphic. Three allelic variants, active as dimers, were found. Phosphoglucomutase also showed two major zones of activity. One zone was polymorphic and coded for monomeric enzymes. Two allelic forms were found in the accessions studied. The cathodal peroxidase system was controlled by two independent genes, of which only one was polymorphic. The gene products are active as monomers. Linkage was found between red hypocotyl color (R) and Icd 2. Pgm 1, Gpi 2, Ak 1 and the Icd 2-R linkage group segregated independently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299761
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimising visual selection in early clonal generations of potato based on genetic and economic considerations (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 665-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Genetics ; Breeding ; Plant appearance ; Economy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In 1985, 1986 and 1987, 600 clones were visually assessed at harvest on plant appearance. The clones were harvested 80 days after planting in the first year, in the following years after approximately 80 days as well as after 145 days. The correlation coefficients between years and between harvest times were low to medium. Simulating different selection intensities using the performance of these 600 clones in two successive years, the relation between selection pressure in the first year and the retained proportion of well performing clones in the second year was described. Including the costs of testing, the most economic selection procedure was calculated. This procedure consisted in testing 1,579 first-year clones and 499 second-year clones for every 100 third-year clones required. The optimal period of the main evaluation in the second clonal year is at ware potato harvest time. This selection procedure also provides good selection possibilities for underwater weight and foliage maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262562
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of muscle precursor replication in crush-injured skeletal muscle of Swiss and BALBc mice (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 385-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myogenesis ; Muscle regeneration ; Genetics ; Autoradiography ; Tritiated thymidine ; Mouse (Swiss;BALBc)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle precursor replication in Swiss mice, in which muscle regeneration is exceptionally vigorous, was compared with previous data for regeneration in BALBc mice. The tibialis anterior muscles of 23 male and 15 female inbred Swiss SJL/J mice were crush injured, and tritiated thymidine injected into mice at various times after injury to label replicating muscle precursors. Lesion samples were taken 10 days after injury, processed for autoradiography, and grain counts of myotube nuclei analysed. Muscle regeneration was more vigorous in male compared with female Swiss mice, and in both was strikingly greater than that in BALBc mice in which there was extensive fibrous connective tissue throughout the lesions. Autoradiographic analysis showed that muscle precursor replication started at 24 hours in Swiss mice, 6 hours earlier than the onset at 30 hours in BALBc mice. Muscle precursor replication appeared to be more active 96 hours after injury in female Swiss compared with male BALBc and male Swiss mice respectively, although numbers of precursor cells replicating at other times were similar. It is not known whether the slight difference in onset of muscle precursor replication can alone account for the more complete muscle regeneration seen in Swiss mice. Similar studies were carried out in 11 male and 10 female F1 hybrid (SJL/J x BALBc) mice. Analysis of labelled myotube nuclei showed that muscle precursors did not synthesise DNA prior to 30 hours after injury, and regeneration resembled that of the parental BALBc strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224122
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tryptophan auxotrophic mutants in Aspergillus niger: Inactivation of the trpC gene by cotransformation mutagenesis (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 219 (1989), S. 282-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Aspergillus ; Genetics ; Transformation ; trpC lacZ gene fusion ; Gene replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Aspergillus niger tryptophan auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpA and trpB, which complement each other in heterokaryons. Neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned A. niger trpC gene. To obtain A. niger trpC mutants in a direct way, gene inactivation by cotransformation was performed. For this purpose an in-frame gene fusion between the A. niger trpC and Escherichia coli lacZ genes was constructed and shown to be functionally expressed after introduction into A. niger by cotransformation with the pyrA gene as selective marker. Among the β-galactosidase expressing cotransformants, obtained with either circular or linearized vectors, no trpC mutants were detected, even after enrichment. Such mutants, however, could be obtained by cotransformation of A. niger with specific fragments of the fusion gene. Biochemical analysis of the cotransformants indicated that in nearly all cases the fusion gene had replaced the wild-type trpC gene. Genetic analysis showed that the trpC mutation is not linked to any of the A. niger loci described so far. The trpC mutants can be complemented by the cloned A. niger trpC gene as well as by the A. nidulans trpC gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261189
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of some antihistamines on impregnated TLC silica plates (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 46-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different metal salts have been tried as impregnating reagents for developing TLC separation schemes for some antihistamines on silica gel ‘G’ plates, using a new solvent system benzene + dimethyl formamide + acetic acid (30:10:7). Spots were visualized by spraying with a solution of Dragendroff's reagent.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030112
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030114
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simplified method for the preparation of wga-sepharose 4B and its use in the purification of MN blood group antigens (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simplified method for the preparation of wheat germ agglutinin(WGA)-Sepharose 4B by coupling highly purified WGA, prepared by improved affinity chromatography, with BrCN activated Sepharose 4B in a solution of high carbonate buffer is described. The amount of WGA linked to Sepharose 4B was 82.40% (3.07 mg WGA per ml Sepharose 4B). MN blood group antigens of human erythrocyte membranes purified with WGA-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE). The yield of the antigens from 400 mL fresh blood was 32-40 mg. The WGA-Sepharose 4B column could be used several times without loss of activity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030104
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for the characterization of photoproducts from DNA applied to the cis-syn thymine dimer (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 32-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for the unambiguous characterization of DNA photoproducts has been developed. It does not require radio-labelled DNA, or specialized techniques. In the preliminary step, UV-irradiated DNA is hydrolysed to its constituent bases and photoproducts. The photoproducts are then separated from nucleic acid bases using low pressure ion-exchange chromatography on a Dowex 1 × 8 200-400, and an Amberlite CG-50-H+ column. Further separation and purification of photoproducts is carried out on the HPLC Whatman Partisil ODS2 column, using 15% MeOH. The procedure is simple, reproducible and versatile.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved TLC systems for rapid resolution of phenyl thiohydantoin amino acids (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two new solvent systems, n-hexane + propionic acid (26:5, v/v) and chloroform + acetone (29:3, v/v), for the rapid resolution and identification of an 18-component mixture of phenylthiohydantoin amino acids are reported. Using these systems certain difficult combinations of phenylthiohydantoin amino acids are resolved. Two more solvent systems, viz chloroform+acetic acid (27:3, v/v) and chloroform + methanol (30:4, v/v), are developed to resolve phenylthiodantoin derivatives of aspartic and glutamic acids.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030111
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030113
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous measurement of ethosuximide and phenobarbital in brain tissue, serum and urine by HPLC (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple rapid method for simultaneous ethosuximide and phenobarbital assay in brain tissue, serum and urine has been developed. Extraction of samples from brain tissue and serum were performed with dichloromethane at low pH in the presence of an excess of ammonium sulfate. Glucuronide conjugates in urine samples were hydrolyzed by enzymatic cleavage with β-glucuronidase and then extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were analyzed using a Spherisorb 5 ODS column and a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer (21: 24: 55, v/v) as eluent. No interference was encountered and the method is both precise and reproducible.
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    Determination of halofuginone in bovine plasma by competing-ion high performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 136-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of the anticoccidial and antitheilerial drug halofuginone in bovine plasma was developed. Samples were diluted with acetic acid (10%, v/v) and cleaned up on a Bond Elut C8 column. The analyte was eluted from the extraction column and chromatographed by reversed-phase HPLC using decylamine as a competing-ion reagent. Detection was by UV at 243 nm. Recovery from plasma was 75%, and within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were 5.23 and 6.35% respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of this method (limit of detection in plasma, 1 ng/mL) were sufficiently high to enable us to characterize the time course of the drug in plasma after oral administration of therapeutic doses to cattle.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030310
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030401
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  • 23
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    Determination of total and free concentration of propranolol in human plasma by displacement electrophoresis in a two-layer polyacrylamide gel using fluorimetric detection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new method based on displacement electrophoresis has been developed for the determination of the total and free concentration of propranolol, a β-adrenergic blocker drug, in plasma. To determine the total concentration the drug is extracted from human plasma into a chloroform + heptane mixture in the presence of ammonia. After evaporation of the solvent mixture the residue is submitted to displacement electrophoresis in a glass tube containing a two-layer polyacrylamide gel. When the propranolol electrophoretically leaves the gel column it is transferred by a buffer flow to the cuvette of a fluorimeter for continuous detection and quantification. The concentration of the free non-protein bound drug can be determined by the same displacement electrophoresis technique following extraction of the plasma sample into the above organic solvent mixture in the absence of ammonia. Alternatively the extraction procedure can be exchanged for dialysis for 1 h. To decrease the risk that large size material might comigrate with propranolol two layers of polyacrylamide are used, one having small pores to retard such material. In addition, we use fluorimetric detection which means that many possible contaminants are not recorded and therefore do not affect a quantitative determination of propranolol.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030405
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  • 24
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    Multidimensional chromatographic separation of estrogen receptors (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analyses of estrogen and progesterone receptors in biopsies of breast carcinoma play a vital role in the selection of patients likely to respond to hormone manipulation. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation has been the reference method in the determination of estrogen receptors in human breast carcinoma cytosols. To reduce assay time and circumvent prolonged manipulation of labile receptor preparations, high performance liquid chromatography techniques in the size-exclusion and ion-exchange modes were compared as potential alternate methods for the rapid separation of receptor isoforms. Multidimensional analyses were performed by reapplying estrogen receptor isoforms obtained from high performance size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography to sucrose density gradients and vice versa. This confirmed that the estrogen-binding components identified by high performance liquid chromatography appear to correspond to estrogen receptor species from sucrose density gradients.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030606
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  • 25
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    Rapid determination of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil, Ro 15-1788, by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive (2 ng/mL) and specific method for the determination of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 or flumazenil is described. Following a simple extraction, the compound is analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection at 245 nm. The method was applied to plasma specimens collected from patients receiving a single dose of this drug.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030609
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  • 26
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    Capillary gas chromatographic determination of epomediol in human plasma and urine using a rapid solid-phase extraction (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and precise method for the quantitation of epomediol in human plasma and urine is described. Each biological sample is added with the internal standard and applied directly to an Extrelut-1 solid-phase column. After absorption the column is eluted with chloroform and the eluate is evaporated to dryness. The residue, reconstituted in ethanol, is analysed by capillary gas chromatography. No interferences from possible metabolites or endogenous constituents can be noted. The method has been applied to human pharmacokinetic studies: the results of a subacute administration to volunteers are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030505
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  • 27
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    High performance liquid chromatography stability study of malonyl-coenzyme A, using statistical experimental designsThis paper is dedicated to Prof. P. De Moerloose on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 213-216 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Malonyl-CoA is a biochemically important compound, formed by an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase catalysed reaction. The stability of this short-chain coenzyme A derivative under various experimental conditions is discussed in this article. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of the reaction mixture because of its excellent selectivity and sufficient sensitivity. Several variables were investigated as possible stability-influencing factors: pH, magnesium and buffer concentration, reaction temperature and time. The Plackett-Burman screening design was first used for selecting the most important variables, with which a central composite design was constructed. In this way, a response surface was obtained with the percentage remaining malonyl-CoA as a function of magnesium concentration, reaction temperature and time. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by obtaining kinetic data from the mathematical function and by the evaluation of the stopping of reaction procedure in the activity assay of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030508
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  • 28
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    Isolation of glycoprotein D from herpes simplex virus type 1 by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit kidney (RK-13) and human jejunum and ileum (I-407) cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, strain F, were radiolabelled with [14C]glucosamine or [35S]methionine for 24 h. The cells were extracted with 1% Triton X-100 and the extracts were separated by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography. Monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitation of the fractions collected from the column revealed a monomeric glycoprotein D (gD) of 52 - 56 000 molecular weight from RK-13 cells and two monomeric forms of gD, 54 000 and 58 000 molecular weight, from I-407 cells. Densitometry scanning of the autoradiograms from SDS-PAGE showed gD from the RK-13 host cells to be 98.7% pure with the [35S]methionine label and 97.0% pure with the [14C]glucosamine. On the other hand, gD from the I-407 host cells was only 78.6% with the [35S]methionine label and 96% pure with the [14C]glucosamine. This method could provide a means for the isolation of native gD for structural and immunological studies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030510
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  • 29
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    Thin layer chromatography of dansyl and dinitrophenyl derivatives of amino acids. A review (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 233-240 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives of amino acids have found continual application in protein sequencing since Sanger used them for the first time for the sequencing of insulin. Dansyl derivatives of amino acids have been widely used in protein sequencing because of their fluorescent nature. The success of protein sequencing largely depends upon correct identification of such derivatives. The choice for the method of identification is related to cost, the availability of instrumentation and to the sensitivity needed for the analysis. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is simple and has several advantages over other chromatographic methods. Therefore the literature after 1972 is reviewed for TLC analysis of dansyl- and DNP-amino acids, the two important amino acid derivatives required for identifying protein sequences. Additionally, the literature on the TLC resolution of enantiomeric mixtures of dansyl amino acids is reviewed. Application of various adsorbents, composition of solvent systems and other experimental conditions together with successful resolution data have been discussed. TLC provides a direct and inexpensive method for the resolution of enantiomers, and is fast becoming a sensitive instrumentalized quantitative analytical technique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030602
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  • 30
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    Simultaneous determination of some organophosphorus pesticides by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 272-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An HPLC method for the simultaneous detection of six organophosphorus pesticides (Dimethoate, Ethion, Malathion, Phorate, Phosalone and Parathion) on a Zorbex ODS column using methanol + water (80: 20) as solvent is described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 31
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    High performance liquid chromatography of biological polyamines using immobilized enzyme as post-column reactor followed by electrochemical detection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A novel analytical method for biological polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) was developed. Polyamines were separated by ion-pair reversed phase chromatography using a polymer-based octadecyl bonded column. A polyamine oxidase immobilized column worked effectively as a post-column reactor to convert polyamines to hydrogen peroxide which was eventually detected by electrochemical oxidation on platinum electrode. This method required neither tedious derivatization nor gradient elution, permitting us to perform simple and rapid analysis of polyamines. The detection limits were 0.3, 0.6, and 4 pmol injected for putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively with a linear range of two to three orders of magnitude. Chromatograms obtained with samples from human urine and rat brain homogenates demonstrated the high sensitivity and selectivity of the method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030502
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  • 32
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    High performance ion exchange chromatography of human plasma lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Highly purified monomeric human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), completely free of apolipoprotein D, has been chromatographed on a MonoQ HR 5/5 anion exchanger. LCAT eluted as symmetrical peaks after 12.8 min and 14.8 min at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0, respectively, using a linear NaCl gradient. The corresponding concentrations of NaCI effecting desorption of LCAT from the anion exchanger were 125 mM and 175 mM. At both pH values human serum albumin eluted earlier and was well separated from the enzyme. Rechromatography of LCAT in the eluates from these experiments at acid pH, on high performance gel filtration, demonstrated absence of aggregation. The nonspecific adsorption during anion exchange chromatography at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0 was negligible, as demonstrated by a linear relationship between injected amounts of LCAT and recorded peak areas for a 2-20 μg protein range. Zone immunoelectrophoresis assay indicated unaltered immunoreactivity of the eluted LCAT.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030612
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  • 33
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    Reversed phase HPLC of different membrane-bound variant surface glycoprotein preparations from Trypanosoma brucei brucei (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chromatographic behaviour of the membrane-attached variant surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei AnTat 1.1 A preparations were studied by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Among the different preparation procedures used, only the trifluoroacetic acid extraction gave a mfVSG preparation which was eluted from the RP-HPLC column. As well as for the soluble variant surface glycoprotein (sVSG) it was found that different mfVSG forms were eluted at different organic solvent concentrations from the RP-HPLC column. In addition, in preliminary studies, we have attempted to characterize the factors responsible for the trypanosome surface coat assembly. Using chromatographic techniques (RP-HPLC and thin layer chromatography), the results suggest a close relationship between the content of lipid-containing species and the heterogeneity of mfVSG preparation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030203
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  • 34
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030101
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  • 35
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. ii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030214
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030312
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  • 37
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    Quantification of midodrine and its active metabolite in plasma using a high performance liquid chromatography column switching technique (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An automated column-switching HPLC system is described for the simultaneous determination of midodrine, an alpha-adrenergic stimulating drug, and its active metabolite, ST-1059. Serum or plasma (850 μ L) is directly injected onto a RP 18 (30 μm particle size) pre-column (9 × 4 mm ID) which acts as an on-line liquid-solid extractor and analyte enrichment system. The injection is followed by washing steps. The fraction containing the analytes is transferred onto an analytical RP18 column via step gradient elution where the final analysis is performed. Fluorescence detection is used (λex 290 nm and λem 322 nm), and method detection limits of 0.8 ng/mL plasma were reached. These were sufficiently low to determine the plasma concentration-time profiles for both compounds following oral administration of 2.5 mg and 5 mg midodrine hydrochloride. The assay in serum or plasma was linear in the range of 1 to 15 ng analyte/mL, the recovery was 〉95%, and the reproducibility was sufficient. The assay was rugged and was maintained by routinely changing the home-made, dry packed pre-column every 20th serum injection.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030403
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  • 38
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    High performance liquid chromatographic determination of fluvoxamine in human plasma (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 177-179 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method has been developed for the separation and measurement of fluvoxamine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. The method uses metapramine as an internal standard and provides a limit of detection of about 1.5 ng/mL for fluvoxamine. At a concentration of 25 ng/mL, fluvoxamine could be measured within a coefficient of variation of ±5.82 of the mean and at 100 ng/mL within a CV of ±2.78 of the mean. The method has been applied to the analysis of plasma from patients undergoing fluvoxamine therapy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030408
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    ‘In situ’ Edman degradation of protein(s) blotted to immobilon membranes suitable for unblocking reversible chemical modification and elimination of coomassie blue in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisWe dedicate this paper to Professor G. Biserte, Director of IRCL, deceased suddenly in December 1988. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conditions for unblocking reversible chemical modifications such as maleylation or citraconylation ‘in situ’ at the N-terminus of proteins after transfer of proteins to immobilon membranes from SDS-PAGE are described. Demaleylation or decitraconylation occurred at 55°C in 70% formic acid (pH 1.50) during 60 min. During the unblocking reaction, Coomassie blue dye was completely removed, resulting in superior high performance liquid chromatographic separation of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acid (PTH-AA) after Edman degradation (automatic gas phase sequencer). The protein fixed on the matrix after demaleylation and removal of Coomassie blue was not degraded. The possible cleavage at the aspartyl-prolyl peptide bonds was considered, but no side reaction was observed. Furthermore, the incubation time in 70% formic acid at 55°C could be reduced to 10 min in the absence of maleylation of the starting material, and this was suitable for the removal of Coomassie blue and the quantification of phenylthiolhydantoin-amino acids (PTH-AAs) by HPLC. The yield from the starting protein through SDS-PAGE, blotting, and Edman degradation to quantitative analysis of PTH-aminoacid(s) by HLPC was established.
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    Brian A. Bidlingmeyer (ed.). Preparative liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography Library 38. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987. ISBN 0-444-42832-1. 341 pp. £60.00 (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030411
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  • 41
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030501
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  • 42
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    Analysis of drug in tissue homogenates by high performance liquid chromatography with direct injection and column switching (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 192-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An HPLC method with direct sample injections and column switching was investigated for the analysis of drugs in tissue homogenates. The appropriate precolumn packings and analytical column packings were surveyed in order to obtain quantitative recovery. The use of a large bore end-fitting filter for the precolumn avoided the interference due to minute tissue particles. A minicolumn was used to trap the analyte or clean up the sample. The method was applicable to hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs in liver, kidney or heart tissues, and has been extensively used in the determination of drugs in centrifugal cell fractions such as the nucleus, mitochondria and microsome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030503
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    Determination of estriol and creatinine in urine by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A quantitative method for the determination of estriol (E3) and creatinine (C) in random urine by high performance liquid chromatography is described. The mobile phase was a mixed solution of methanol and phosphate buffer (0.025 M, pH 6.5) and the detection wavelength was at 205 nm. The method was simple, rapid and accurate. The OCV for E3 and C using this method were 1.7 - 3.4% and 2.2 - 2.5%, respectively. The RCV for E3 and C were 6.2 - 7.0% and 4.5 - 6.9%, respectively. The recoveries were 87 - 104% for E3 and 98 - 103% for C, respectively. The method has been used for clinical determinations.
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  • 44
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    Application of high performance liquid chromatography combined with diode-array detection for analysis of proteins and peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different strategies for HPLC separation, including molecular sieving, ion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction as well as reversed phase chromatography, were used to study molecular components in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The separations were followed by photodiode-array UV detection, which is a recently developed technique allowing a direct and rapid discrimination between peptides and proteins differing in their content of aromatic amino acids. By the various HPLC techniques in conjunction with diode-array detection it was possible to identify and characterize several protein and peptide components present in CSF. The procedure also allowed quantitative analysis of CSF proteins using minute amounts of the fluid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Unconjugated methoxylated catecholamine metabolites in human saliva. Quantitation methodology and comparison with plasma levels (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A newly developed method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of the unconjugated levels of the catecholamine metabolites vanilmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was modified and applied to studies of human saliva. The assay had a mean coefficient of variation under 3% for each of the metabolites. Levels of plasma VMA, MHPG and HVA were measured in 28 normal subjects and compared to their saliva levels, obtained before and after stimulation by mastication. Significant correlations were found between plasma and saliva MHPG and HVA, but there was no correlation between plasma and saliva VMA. Salivary MHPG and HVA can be reproducibly assayed and may be useful tools for indications of changes in central and peripheral catecholamine metabolism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030509
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  • 46
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    Analysis of leukotrienes by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry after conversion to dinitrobenzoate derivatives (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive liquid chromatography method has been developed using electrochemistry for the determination of leukotrienes in biological fluids. Biological specimens are treated with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in acetonitrile which undergoes rapid reaction with hydroxyl groups of non-peptidic leukotrienes in the presence of pyridine and with amino groups of peptidic leukotrienes in the presence of potassium tetraborate buffer. The resulting dinitroben-zoate derivatives of leukotrienes are highly electroactive, suitable for reduction or oxidation at moderate potentials by an electrochemical detector. In reductive mode at -0.7 V or oxidative mode at + 1.15 V potentials, the lower limits of detection for leukotriene derivatives were approximately 8±3 pg and 70 ± 16 pg respectively, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 to 1. This method was applied to the detection of leukotrienes in plasma, nasal and bronchial fluids of patients with asthma.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030103
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  • 47
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    Compositional analysis of the three main gangliosides from adult human myometrium by a rapid capillary gas chromatographic method (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new capillary GC method is described for the compositional analysis of the three main gangliosides isolated from adult human myometrium. The sample was subjected to methanolysis, acetylation and trimethylsilylation which allows all the constituents to be analyzed simultaneously. The predominant ganglioside was found to be GD3, with GM3 and GT1b the next most abundant.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030107
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  • 48
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    Determination of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol in human fat biopsies from marihuana users by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for analysis of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ1-THC) in human fat samples is described. The fat sample, obtained from heavy marihuana users 1 week before and 4 weeks after smoking, is homogenized in hexane + 2-propanol, centrifuged, and the supernatant mixed with Lipidex 5000. The solvent is evaporated and the dried gel is packed in a glass column. Δ1 -THC is eluted from the column with methanol + water + acetic acid, diluted with water and the eluent is passed through a bed of Octadecylsilanebonded silica. After washing and drying, the retained Δ1-THC is eluted with hexane, derivatized with N-methyl-N-(t-butyl-dimethysilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and finally purified by HPLC on an Octadecyl SI 100 column in methanol. The amount of Δ1-THC is determined by GC/MS, using selected ion monitoring, and a deuterated internal standard. The recovery of Δ1-THC is about 80%, and the concentration of Δ1-THC in the fat samples analysed ranged between 0.4 and 193 ng/g wet tissue.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030109
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  • 49
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    High-performance liquid chromatography/chemiluminescence determination of biological thiols with n-[4-(6-dimethylamino-2-benzofuranyl)phenyl]maleimide (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection of biological thiols combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. SH groups of the thiol compounds including glutathione (GSH), cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine, and D-penicillamine were labelled with N-[4-(6-dimethylamino-2-benzofuranyl)phenyl]maleimide (DBPM), a specific fluorogenic reagent for SH group. The labelling reaction was carried out at 60°C for 30 min and at pH 8.5 and a sample of the resulting reaction mixture was subjected to HPLC. Five kinds of labelled thiols were separated within 12 min on ODS-80 column (150 × 4.6mm ID; 5 μm) and detected in the ranges from 500 fmol to 2 pmol/100 μL (cysteamine and N-acetylcysteine), to 3 pmol/100 μL (cysteine) and to 5 pmol/100 μL (GSH and D-penicillamine). The lower detection limits were from 7 fmol (cysteamine) to 113 fmol (GSH) per 100 μL (S/N = 2). The method was applied to the determination of thiols in a rat liver. The amounts of glutathione and cysteine were 1.23±0.15 μmol/g (n = 5) and 0.15±0.04 μmol/g (n = 5), respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030110
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030201
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  • 51
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    Determination of catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 64-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid assay employing HPLC with electrochemical detection for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in red blood cells is described. Enzyme activity is determined from erythrocyte lysates using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as methyl donor and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as substrate. The 3-O- and 4-O-methylated reaction products are measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Human erythrocyte soluble form of COMT had Km values of 6.1 μM and 26.0 μM for S-adenosyl-L-methionine and dihydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. The mean O-methylation ratio for the soluble form of COMT was 5.3. An O-methylation ratio of 15.5 was estimated in the membrane fraction of an erythrocyte pool from three samples. The activities of soluble COMT in erythrocytes of some animal species are also reported. The procedure is easily automated, and a large number of samples can be processed during one working day.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030205
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  • 52
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    HPLC separation and characterization of chlorin derivatives with intact ring V from acid degradation products of silkworm excrement crude chlorophyll mixture (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 72-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A reversed-phase HPLC system with 88% methanol in 1 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.35 as the mobile phase on an ODS column was used to analyse pheophorbides a, a', b, b' and pyropheophorbides a and b. Pyropheophorbides a and b were found in samples obtained from silkworm excrement but not from spinach leaves though the preparation methods used were the same. This difference suggests that chlorophylls undergo metabolism in the body of silkworm to give pyrochlorophyll derivatives.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030207
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  • 53
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    Rapid purification of detergent-solubilized bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 82-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the enzyme controlling the rate of adipose tissue lipolysis and also possibly involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis, has been purified from bovine omental adipose tissue. Partially detergent-solubilized, delipidated and purified HSL was obtained through step-elution at conventional DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, followed by concentration on hydroxylapatite. High performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC) on phenylsilica then resulted in an increase of HSL protein purity from 2% to more than 70%. Final purification of the enzyme to apparent homogeneity (〉95% protein purity), concentration and removal of most of the detergent was obtained by high performance cation exchange chromatography on Mono S. At least 0.5 mg of highly stable HSL was obtained from 5 kg of bovine omental fat within four working days. The purified lipase had a lower specific activity than previously reported for the corresponding rat enzyme but the preparations have proved very useful for enzyme structure studies and as an antigen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030210
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030311
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  • 55
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    Thin layer chromatography of peptides and proteins: A review (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030302
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  • 56
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    Rapid assay of β-galactosidase and sialyltransferase by lectin affinity high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detectionThis study was entrusted to the Hohen Oil Company Ltd, by the Science and Technology Agency (STA) using the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled asialotransferrin and pyridyl aminated oligosaccharides were prepared from asialotransferrin and human milk using affinity chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. These substances were incubated with galactosidase or sialyltransferase and then examined by lectin affinity HPLC. The elution patterns changed according to the period of incubation and amount of enzyme. This analytical method using lectin affinity HPLC with fluorescence labelled glycoprotein or oligosaccharides as the substrates has great value for detecting these enzyme under the same chromatographic conditions. In addition, differences were noted in the activity of β-galactosidase toward oligosaccharides having the Gal β(1 → 3)GlcNAc or Gal β(1 → 4)GlcNAc structure at reducing termini.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030304
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  • 57
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    Lactoferrin from human breast milk and from neutrophil granulocytes. Comparative studies of isolation, quantitation, characterization and iron binding properties (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The isolation and properties of lactoferrin from human breast milk and from neutrophilic granulocytes were investigated. Human breast milk lactoferrin was purified by means of heparin-sepharose or Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography. Quantitative recovery using these two methods was comparable but Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography allowed for isolation of a more homogenous protein. Lactoferrin could only be isolated from human neutrophilic granulocytes by sequential use of antibody affinity followed by non-specific affinity chromatography. Both breast milk lactoferrin and granulocyte lactoferrin were separated into apo and iron-rich species by SDS polyacrylamide gel chromatography. Iron binding is accompanied by a conformational change in tertiary structure associated with more rapid electrophoretic migration. The isoelectric point of both human breast milk lactoferrin and human granulocyte lactoferrin is 5.5 - 6.2. Both types of lactoferrin have similar iron binding properties with release of iron from the one binding site occurring at pH 5.2 - 6.0 while the other binding site holds on to iron down to pH 3.6 - 3.2. Despite the high affinity for iron the percentage saturation of native lactoferrin is low, that for breast milk lactoferrin averaging 12 - 25% and that for granulocyte lactoferrin 〈 10%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030307
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  • 58
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    Evidence for the overestimation of molecular masses of proteins after chemical modification and chemical crosslinks on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)This work is the partial fulfilment of the Exchange programs between French Medical Research Council (French INSERM) and Academia Sinica (University of Nanjing). Grants No. CS-RN-739, HN-CP-1.045, and CS-RN-842 during the years of 1984, 1986, 1987 and 1989 for the tenure of four 3 months trips to China by Dr Kia-Ki Han.This work is the partial fulfilment of the short visit of Prof. De-Xu Zhu to Lille, France during the month of September 1988 via French Association Recherche sur le Cancer's Channel (ARC Grant No. 6.715 to Dr Kia-Ki Han). (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human trypsin inhibitor (home prepared), lactalbumin, trypsinogen, carbonic anhydrase, and bovine serum albumin were submitted to succinylation and their molecular masses were determined by SDS-PAGE according to the method of Weber and Osborn (1969 J. Biol. Chem. 244, 4406) before and after chemical modification. High estimates of their molecular masses were obtained. The monomer and dimer of arrowhead inhibitor proteinase-B (Chinese vegetable legume) obtained after chemical crosslink(s) were also submitted to SDS-PAGE and their apparent molecular masses were also determined and compared to the native arrowhead inhibitor proteinase-B. Abnormally high estimates of their molecular masses were obtained. Our results agree with those in the literature.
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  • 59
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030301
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  • 60
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    Determination of urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid by an automated HPLC method (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 114-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A HPLC method for the quantitative determination of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine is described. The method is based on ion-pair chromatography, reversed phase (RP) column material and specific fluorimetric detection at 300 nm and 355 nm. Sample preparation and gradient elution were avoided by using a column-switching technique. The sensitivity of the assay was excellent for clinical routine analysis, with a detection limit of 0.2 mg/L 5-HIAA. No endogenous or exogenous interference problems arose. Intra- and interassay precision was good, with observed coefficients of variation of 1.5 to 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Recoveries were 93 to 98%. The system described can be used for clinical diagnosis and therapy follow-up of carcinoid tumors. It has been running for over a year without disturbances and with a minimum of technical attendance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030305
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  • 61
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    Purification of rat liver soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The soluble form of catechol-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6.) from rat liver was purified to homogeneity by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the final pool was 270 U/mg protein. The purification was 1180-fold and recovery of the enzyme activity was 15%. During this rapid and gentle purification there were no problems with loss of activity, and the estimated half life of the final purified enzyme pool was 5.5 days at +4°C. The only additive used was phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride in the homogenizing buffer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030308
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  • 62
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    High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of time-dependent changes in urinary excretion of indoleamines following tryptophan administration (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analytical conditions of prepurification extraction and HPLC separation were optimized for determination of urinary serotonin and tryptamine. Under optimal conditions, serotonin, tryptamine and an internal standard were extracted with 15% v/v n-propanol in diethyl ether from urine samples alkalized with a phosphate buffer (0.75 mol/L, pH 10.0), and then they were re-extracted into an HCI solution (0.1 mol/L). Purified indoleamines were simultaneously separated by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with native fluorescence detection. Urinary serotonin and tryptamine were selectively determined within about 45 min per sample for the whole procedure. Analytical recovery, reproducibility and detection sensitivity were satisfactory for pursuing time-dependent changes in indoleamine levels. Urinary excretion profiles of serotonin and tryptamine in subjects dosed with L-tryptophan were successfully analyzed by our method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030404
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  • 63
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030601
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    Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of glycopeptides (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A practical procedure for isolating and purifying glycopeptides is described, viz. enzymatic hydrolysis - gel permeation chromatography - ion exchange chromatography - reversed phase HPLC. Using this procedure 28 glycopeptides from hen ovalbumin have been isolated some of which hitherto have not been identified. Water was a suitable mobile phase for preparing pure glycopeptides, and control of column temperature was important for good separations and reproducible retention times. Structural confirmation was by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030603
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  • 65
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    A rapid method for isolation of human hemoglobin benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide derived adducts using high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 266-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described to isolate rapidly human hemoglobin-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adducts. A combination of 300 Å pore size C4 reversed phase HPLC to effect separation of adducted protein from native protein, and μ-bore C18 reversed phase HPLC to isolate and partially characterize proteolytic peptide adducts (by UV), was used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030608
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  • 66
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    Quantitative determination of itazigrel in rodent diet by reversed-phase HPLC and evaluation of its stability at 20°C (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple, accurate and precise procedure for the quantitation of itazigrel (a potent lipophilic inhibitor of collagen and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation being studied for its effects on peripheral vascular disease) from granulated rodent diet is presented. The drug was extracted from rodent diet using methanol + water (80:20) following dissolution of the diet in water. Samples of the supernatant were injected into the HPLC and the eluent was monitored with a fluorescent detector (λex = 320 and λem = 430) to achieve analytical specificity. Interday coefficients of variation of the calibration curve slope were ±6% on standards between 0 and 1000 μg/g. Potency and homogeneity of the drug spiked diet prepared over a 1 year interval at 70,200 and 600 μg/g was 99.3 ± 2.5%, 100 ± 1.8%, and 101 ± 1.9% of label, respectively. Samples prepared for chromatography were stable for 24 h at 20°C, and drug in diet was stable for 102 days when protected from light and stored at 20°C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030409
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  • 67
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030412
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    A high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical assay for glutamatergic neurotransmitters in the rat brain (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The release and content of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate in rat striatum were determined by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry. This determination was based on precolumn off-line derivatization of the amino acids with o-phthaldialdehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol (OPT/2-MCE), and the adducts formed were separated under isocratic conditions and oxidized on a glassy carbon electrode at moderate potential (+0.6 V). The standard and the extracted glutamate when derivatized with OPT/2-MCE produced similar electrochemical and chromatographic characteristics. The detection limit of glutamate was 0.5 pmol. Depolarization induced by the high potassium medium (40 mmol/L) enhanced the release of glutamate and aspartate from superfused rat striatum, whereas the efflux of glutamine remained unchanged. Perfusion (for 60 - 70 min) removed 50 - 80% of the free amino acid content of striatal tissue. The method described here is useful in neurochemical investigations of the brain amino acid neurotransmitters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030410
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    High performance liquid chromatography determination of cyanide in urine by pre-column fluorescence derivatization (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for the determination of cyanide in human urine has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of cyanide with 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde and taurine to give a fluorescent product for reversed-phase HPLC separation and fluorometric detection. After centrifugation followed by dilution of urine samples, the specimens could be analysed directly by this method. The recovery of cyanide added to urine at concentration levels of 50 - 1000 pmol/mL was 85 - 96%. The detection limit of cyanide was 30 pmol/mL in urine. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine from smokers and nonsmokers. The mean concentrations of cyanide were found to be 215 pmol/mL for the former and 84 pmol/mL for the latter.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030507
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  • 70
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030512
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  • 71
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    Solid phase extraction for an improved assay of physostigmine in biological fluids (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 226-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple, selective and very sensitive assay is described for the quantification of physostigmine in blood, plasma and urine. The most appropriate solid phase column was selected after a systematic investigation of nine types of phase. The conditions for solid phase extraction were optimized using [3H]physostigmine so that the overall recoveries were 〉90%. Physostigmine was retained on alkaline treated cyanopropyl columns and eluted into the minimum volume of methanol, obviating the need for an evaporation step. Extracted samples were quantified by HPLC with a three electrode coulometric detection system. The limit of detection was 50 pg/mL for a 0.5 mL plasma sample. The precision (CV) for 0.5 mL plasma samples containing 50 pg was 8.1%. Application of the method to plasma, blood and urine samples is presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030511
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  • 72
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    Identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from hamster meibomian glands using picolinyl and nicotinate derivatives (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Meibomian secretions from the hamster were hydrolysed with base and examined as TMS, [2H9]TMS, methyl ester/TMS, picolinyl ester/TMS and nicotinate/TMS derivatives by capillary GC/MS. Over 90 compounds, representing over 89% of the hydrolysed fraction, were identified. Fatty acids with chain lengths from 10 to 32 carbon atoms were found, the most common of these were in the C15 to C18 and in the C25 to C30 regions. Chain types were predominantly iso or anteiso branched, mono-unsaturated (C16 and C18) and straight. Fatty alcohols were mainly from the iso or anteiso series and tended to have longer chain lengths; the major alcohols had anteiso-25 and 27 and iso-26-chains. In these respects the secretions were similar to those reported earlier from other species, although fewer mono-unsaturated compounds with longer chains (C20 to C30 region) were found than in the rat and human. The steroid fraction was characterized by a larger number of compounds than normally present in secretions of this type. The major compound was cholesterol, in common with that in all other examined species except the rabbit.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030605
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  • 73
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    High resolution chromatography of ribonucleosides and its application to RNA analysisAbbreviations used. ψ, pseudouridine; D, 5,6-dihydrouridine; m3C, 3-methylcytidine; m1A, 1-methyladenosine; m5C, 5-methylcytidine; m7G, 7-methylguanosine; Cm, 2′-O-methylcytidine; I, inosine; rT, ribothymidine; Um, 2′-O-methyluridine; m1I, 1-methylinosine; m1G, 1-methylguanosine; m2G, 2-N-methylguanosine; m22G, 2-N,N-dimethylguanosine; m6A, 6-N-methyladenosine; Am, 2′-O-methyladenosine; Gm, 2′-O-methylguanosine; Y, a-amino-b-hydroxy-4,9-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-1-H-imidazole-1,2-a-purine-7-butylic acid; pG, guanosine 5′-phosphate; Gp, guanosine 3′-phosphate; pGp, guanosine 3′,5′-diphosphate. In abbreviations for oligonucleotides, phosphates between nucleosides are excluded, e.g., AGCUp is ApGpCpUp. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and precise method was developed for the separation of nucleosides including modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides. Nineteen kinds of nucleosides were completely separated by HPLC using an ODS column (TSK-gel ODS 80TM) and aqueous mobile phases. The RNA molecule was digested by base restrictive RNase (RNase A, RNase T1) and the digests were separated chromatographically into each oligonucleotide. The nucleoside composition of an oligonucleotide was then determined by this analytical system. It is thus possible to fit the oligonucleotide in the original RNA molecule by using modified bases as markers. The reaction site of quinacrine mustard for tRNAPhe (from yeast) could be determined by this analytical system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030604
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  • 74
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    Simultaneous analysis of furosemide and bumetanide in horse plasma using high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 262-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of furosemide and bumetanide in horse plasma. The C8 (3 μm) reversed phase column (4.8 × 150 mm) provided clear separation of furosemide and bumetanide with other components present in the horse plasma. The detection limit for both the drugs was 10 ng/mL. Both drugs were stable in plasma (at natural or acidic pH) for up to 24 h. The method is sufficiently sensitive to detect furosemide levels in plasma obtained from horses receiving a therapeutic dose of furosemide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030607
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  • 75
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    Multicomponent determinations by a membrane-discriminated gas phase analyzer and successive regression in the fiduciary region (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Gas phase flow injection analysis ; Membrane-differentiated analysis ; Multicomponent determinations ; Successive linear regression ; Successive regression in fiduciary region ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A membrane-discriminated gas phase analyzer is proposed for multicomponent determinations. Nitrogen gas flows countercurrent through outer and inner channels in a tube-in-tube arrangement. The only communication between the two channels occurs through a 500 μm aperture covered by a porous PTFE membrane. A mixture of organic compounds (up to four components) is injected into the inner channel by a heated backflushed injector and the sample components diffusing into the outer channel are monitored by a flame ionization detector (FID). A calibration set, consisting of pure components, binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures (a total of 64 samples), provides the known data base: temporal profiles of the FID output as a function of sample composition. Although the overall response behavior is not a linearly additive function of individual analyte concentrations, the use of successive inverse multiple linear regression (while continually altering the choice of the calibration samples considered for the forward regression, on the basis of the most recent values of the predicted unknown sample composition) is shown to yield analytical results for unknown samples that are in good agreement with their true values.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030408
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 609-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030409
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  • 77
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    Measurement of mevalonate in human plasma and urine by multiple selected ion monitoring (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 174-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma levels and urinary excretion of mevalonate were reported to be correlated with cholesterol biosynthesis. Evaluation of mevalonate concentration in plasma and urine represents therefore a non-invasive method for studying the modifications of cholesterol synthesis. A method is described here by wich mevalonate in plasma and urine is determined by the selected ion monitoring technique after extraction as mevalonolactone and conversion into the trimethylsilyl ether. Linear responses were obtained in the evaluation of mevalonate added to plasma in the 10-100 ng/ml (r 〉 0.995) and to urine in the 50-1000 ng/ml concentration ranges, respectively. Identity of mevalonate in plasma and urine was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180305
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  • 78
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    Fast atom bombardment of metal-pyochelin complexes: Metastable analysis at constant B/E of zinc-pyochelinMention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry was used to characterize the pyochelin complexes of iron and zinc. Ferripyochelin readily forms the [M + H]+ and [2M + H]+ ions in a glycerol matrix. The molecular ion was 2.5 fold more abundant when acetic acid was present. Iron was shown to be present in the iron-pyochelin complex as the ferric ion by wet chemical methods. Differentiation between ferric and ferrous ions by FAB was not successful owing to the FAB reducing environment. Ferric ions were reduced by FAB to ferrous ions in the following model salts - ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and ferric sulfate - when dissolved in either glycerol, thioglycerol or the magic bullet matrix. Ferric and ferrous chloride salts gave virtually identical spectra with a glycerol/acetic acid matrix. Zinc-pyochelin readily forms the [M + H]+ and [2M + H]+ ions, but only when acetic acid was present in the glycerol matrix. The FAB mass spectrum of zinc-pyochelin exhibited various fragmentations which can be used in structural analysis. Linked-scan at constant B/E and accurate mass data were used to characterize the fragmentations of the zinc-pyochelin complex. Metastable analysis allowed the fragmentation pathway of zinc-pyochelin to be determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180307
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  • 79
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    Electron impact mass spectrometry of BHT and its alteration products (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact (EI) mass spectra of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and certain of its alteration products are described in detail. Accurate mass measurements confirm the elemental compositions of important fragment ions in the EI spectra. Collisionally activated mass spectra are also used to study fragmentation and suggest common ion structures. The reference spectra provide the basis for identifying various alteration products of BHT by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) without the necessity of isolating individual components. Application of GC/MS is made to three studies: (i) pyrolysis of hydroperoxy-BHT as a potential pathway to alteration products in food; (ii) GC/MS pyrolysis of hydroperoxy-BHT as a model study; and (iii) alteration of BHT in ethanol/water as a food-simulating solvent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180310
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  • 80
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    Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the D-aldohexoses and some deoxyaldohexoses (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The MI and CA spectra of selected positive and negative ions generated by fast atom bombardment (FAB) of the stereoisomeric aldohexoses can be used to differentiate among these isomers, without prior derivatization or addition of other substances. The main fragmentation routes were traced and compared to those of some 2- and 6-deoxyaldohexoses, which appeared to be suitable model compounds. In both positive and negative ion FAB mass spectrometry, the OH group at the C-2 position plays an important role in the fragmentation reactions of the pseudomolecular [M + glycerol + H]+ and [M - H]- ions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180603
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  • 81
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    Rapid identification of calbindin-D28k cyanogen bromide peptide fragments by plasma desorption mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chicken intestinal calbindin-D28k is an intracellular protein which is believed to have a fundamental role in vitamin D-mediated transport of calcium. A mapping approach based on 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PD mapping) was used to screen the DNA-deduced sequence of calbindin-D28k for sequence changes and posttranslational modifications. In the PD mapping experiment, purified calbindin-D28k was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the resulting peptides were subjected to PD mass spectrometric analysis either as a mixture or as high-performance liquid chromatography isolated fractions. The DNA-derived primary structure of calbindin-D28k was confirmed by rapid PD mass spectral identification of the CNBr peptide fragments, and the nature of the N-terminal blocking group was readily determined to be an acetyl group. The relatively non-destructive nature of the PD mass spectrometric analysis allowed the mapping of the N-terminal peptide through an additional in situ V8 protease enzymatic reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180605
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    Rapid determination of sequence variations in actinidin isolated from Actinidia chinensis (var. Hayward) using fast atom bombardment mapping mass spectrometry and gas phase microsequencing (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 424-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A current limitation in the use of fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric mapping of peptide mixtures, derived from enzymic digestion of proteins, is that most of the hydrophilic peptides are not observed. However, it has been demonstrated from previous work that esterification of the peptide mixture results in the detection of almost all peptides in FAB mass spectrometry. This strategy of FAB mapping was applied to the protein actinidin, isolated from an Italian variety of Actinidia chinensis. Two of the 12 tryptic peptides in FAB mass spectrometry did not exhibit molecular ions predicted from the known sequence of actinidin isolated from the New Zealand variety of A. chinensis. The two peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography, subjected to Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion and sequenced by gas-phase microsequencing. Nine changes in amino acid composition were detected using the rapid and powerful combination of FAB mass spectrometric mapping and gas-phase microsequencing.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180611
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    Studies on anabolic steroids II - gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric characterization of oxandrolone urinary metabolites in manFor Part I see Ref. 1. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 429-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism of 17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one (oxandrolone) in man has been investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. After oral administration of a 10 mg dose to man, five metabolites were detected in the free fraction of the urinary samples. Oxandrolone, the major compound excreted in urine, was detected within 72 h after administration. During this period 35.8 and 8.4% of the administered dose was excreted as unchanged oxandrolone and 17-epioxandrolone, respectively. In addition, minute amounts of 16α- and 16β- hydroxyoxandrolone and a δ-hydroxy acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the lactone group of oxandrolone were detected in the urine samples 8-60 h after administration. Furthermore, the susceptibility of oxandrolone to hydrolysis was investigated under several pH conditions. Extraction and fractionation of steroidal metabolites was achieved by using C18 and silica Sep Pak™ chromatography. The mass spectra of the metabolites are presented and major fragmentation pathways discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180612
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  • 84
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    Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric characterization of precursors on the sesterterpene pathway for steroid biosynthesis (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 572-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An increasing amount of evidence is accumulating to support the proposal that steroidogenesis can occur by a sesterterpene pathway as well as the cholesterol pathway. Key intermediates on the sesterterpene pathway are 23,24-dinor-5-cholen-3β-ol (guneribol) and some of its metabolites, e.g. 23,24-dinor-4-cholen-3-one (guneribone). It has been reported that these intermediates are biosynthesized and converted to steroid hormones by a range of endocrine tissues in vitro. Monitoring the pentafluorobenzyloxime derivatives by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry in the electron capture mode provided evidence for the presence of guneribone in extracts of bovine testicular and human adrenal tumour tissue. Complementary evidence was obtained from gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric data generated on a triple-quadrupole instrument by monitoring daughter ions (in the multiple ion detection, MID mode) of the molecular anion of derivatized guneribone in both standards and tissue extracts. The present findings that sesterterpene pathway intermediates are present as endogenous compounds in tissue extracts, together with the previously reported radiochemical data, give further support to the sesterterpene pathway hypothesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180811
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    Determination of cyclic butylboronate esters of some 1,2- and 2,3-diols in plasma by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 592-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analytical procedure is described to determine glycols in plasma as cyclic butyl boronate esters. The method, involving a pre-deproteinization step, required only 0.25 ml of plasma and a short time (20 min) to react with the derivatizing agent (butyl boronic acid). The gas chromatographic separation on a CP Sil 8 CB silica capillary column coupled to a mass detector assured a complete identification of the compounds. The analytical recoveries (〉95%) with low coefficient of variation (4-11%) assured the feasibility of the method over a concentration range from 5 to 1000 μg ml-1 for each glycol. The lower detection limits, namely 1-5 μg ml-1, confirmed the sensitivity of the method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180814
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    Isotope labelling of lipids using the Favorsky rearrangement (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 603-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of tetradeuterated 10-methylundecanoic acid, dideuterated tetracos-2-enoic acid, (1-14C)pristanic acid and (1-14C)tetracos-2-enoic acid using the Favorsky rearrangement are described. They will be used for studies of long-chain fatty acid metabolism in patients. The positions of isotope labelling were determined by mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180816
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  • 87
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    Structure analysis of modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 617-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is used to verify the sequence of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing a single modified nucleotide. Both the position in the sequence and the molecular weight of the modified nucleotide can be determined from the 3′ and 5′-phosphate sequence ions which are prominent in the mass spectrum.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180818
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    A comparison of positive ion and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectral data for some sulphonyl hydrazones and derivatives (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 620-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of sulphonyl hydrazones and derivatives have been synthesized and tested for biological activity as pesticides during the crop protection research programme at the Hatfield Polytechnic. A recent comparative ionization study of some of these compounds using electron impact (EI), fast atom bombardment (FAB) and various chemical ionization methods showed FAB mass spectrometry to be the optimum technique to use in terms of molecular weight information obtained. This study compares the FAB mass spectral data in positive and negative ion mode using an alternating positive and negative ion detection system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180819
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  • 89
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    Rapid structural analysis of the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of SK&F 95448 by the combined use of thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 637-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interface has had a major impact on the direct analysis of the metabolic fate of xenobiotics in complex biological media. This paper outlines the rapidity and power of the LC/MS approach, and shows how detailed structural information can be obtained without recourse to individual compound isolation. This provides a great saving in time and effort. The additional specificity of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is highlighted in identifying the sites of metabolic transformation. The ability to handle biological samples with little or no clean-up using wide high-performance liquid chromatographic gradients is a key feature of the success of this methodology.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180822
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  • 90
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    Phytochemical studies on the essential oils of species belonging to the Achillea genus by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several populations of Achillea species were collected from Hungarian localities. The characteristic composition cf the essential oils of almost 220 populations were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main component of Achillea asplenifolia, A. setacea and A. collina oils is chamazulene, with a molecular mass of 184. The composition of some A. setacea is different: instead of chamazulene it contains a significant amount of farnesene. Oils of A. distans, A. crithmifolia, A. nobilis, A. pannonica and A. ochroleuca contain some different and specific compounds instead of chamazulene. During the analysis of many essential oils, we found some very interesting differences within species originating from another geographical area.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180821
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  • 91
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    Quantification of urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid using deuterated 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid as internal standard (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deficiency of biotin at the tissue level can be assessed indirectly by measuring the urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. This paper describes the application of an improved method of quantifying urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid using unlabeled and uniformly deuterated 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. These compounds were synthesized by a modification of the lithioacetic acid method for generation of beta-hydroxy acids. Elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric data demonstrated that the compounds are greater than 95% pure. Mass spectrometry confirmed the identity of the unlabeled compound, demonstrated that the deuterated compound is uniformly labeled, and offered insight into the pattern of mass fragmentation. The method for determination of the concentration of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in rat urine uses gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric quantification of the di-trimethylsilyl derivative with the deuterated compound as the internal standard. Results provide evidence that this method is more accurate than a previously published method that did not utilize the unlabeled and deuterated standards.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180903
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  • 92
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    Metabolic dissimilarity between (9,12,12-2H)cortisol and natural cortisol in vivo. Can deuterated cortisol be used for the measurement of the urinary cortisol production rate? (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 662-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism of deutrated cortisol (9,12,12,-2H)cortisol, (2H3-F) was compared to that of radioactive cortisol (3H2-F) and natural cortisol, when these three compounds were administered simultaneously to an adrenalectomized piglet. The relative isotope dilution of tritium was determined from the specific activities of the main urinary neutral cortisol metabolites, tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and tetrahydrocortisol (THF), normalized to that of the cortisol mixture administered. To obtain a comparison of the isotope dilution of deuterium in the metabolites THE and THF to that in the cortisol mixture, the three steroids were converted to the common oxidation product 11-oxo-aetiocholanolone, and deivatized to the methoxime-tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl ether. The relative 2H-isotope dilution then was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the specific activity of THE in the cumulative urine collections was similar to that of the cortisol mixture administered; the two-day value was, however, less. The specific activity of THF was slightly but significantly smaller than 1 (∼0.9) at all times. The relative 2H-isotope dilution in THE was slightly but significantly larger than one (∼1.1) at all times, whereas that in the THF was larger than 1.0 at 9 and 32 h or equal to 1.0 at 20 and 47 h of urine collection. When comparing the metabolism of the two tracer cortisol species the quotient of the 3H- and the 2H-isotope dilutions in THE and THF was smaller than 1.0. It can be concluded that (2H3)cortisol may be used for the determination of the cortisol production rate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180905
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  • 93
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    Direct analysis of different classes of surfactants in raw materials and in finished detergent formulations by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 673-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characterization of the components of a surfactant mixture is a challenge, since we are dealing with substances inherently difficult to purify or separate by any available chromatographic methods. The results of the present work provide evidence that with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry it is possible to identify the single constituents of the different clases of tensides - non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric - directly in the mixture and in detergent formulations (shampoos). The method, which is based on unambiguous molecular weight determination of the single components, allows the definition of the exact distribution of oligomers in the surfactant mixture, and distinction of subtle variations in the detergent composition in finished formulations. The results obtained indicate that this technique is a powerful analytical tool which can be used as a rapid screen test for quality control.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180907
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  • 94
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    Biotransformation of aliphatic formamides: Metabolites of (±)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl) formamide in ratsPresented in part at the 35th ASMS Meeting, Denver, Colorado, May 1987. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 690-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The in vivo biliary and urinary metabolites of (±)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl) formamide (1) from male Wistar rats have been characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In urine, non-conjugated metabolites included 1,1-diphenyl-3-butanone (4) and 3-methylamino-1,1, diphenylbutane (7). β-Glucuronidase liberated 4, 1,1-diphenyl-3-butanol (5), 1,1-diphenyl-3-butanone oxime (6), N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1-methyl-3, 3-diphenylpropyl) formamide (3), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone (11), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone oxime (12), N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (8), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone (16), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanol (17), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone oxime (18), N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (14) and N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (13). Most of the carbinolamide (3) decomposed in the gas chromatograph inlet to N-(1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl) formamide (2) unless stabilized as a trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative. In bile, compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 16 were present as non-conjugated metabolites. β-Glucuronidase also liberated N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (9), and all of the previously listed compounds except 7. Trimethylsilylation of the conjugated bile fraction revealed the presence of an additional two compunds: N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (10) and N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (15). A stable carbinolamide metabolite standard was synthesized and the mass spectral fragmentations of its TMS derivative studied by tandem mass spectroscopy. This is the first report on stable carbinolamide metabolites of high-molecular-weight formamides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180908
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  • 95
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    Parent ion spectroscopy in the identification of advanced glycation products (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 713-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Advanced glycation products have been investigated by parent ion spectroscopy, employing B2/E = constant linked scans of furoyl ions obtained from hydrolysed glycated albumin and polylysine mixtures, without any extraction procedures. Using such an instrumental approach, together with exact mass measurements and collision spectroscopy, the identification of 2-(2-furoyl)-4-hydroxyl-1H-imidazole and 2-(2-furoyl)-4-carboxy-1H-imidazole among the advanced glycation products has been achieved.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180911
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  • 96
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    Identification of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from human cerumen by the use of picolinyl and nicotinate esters (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 719-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human cerumen was hydrolysed with base and the constituents were examined as trimethylsilyl (TMS), methyl ester/TMS, picolinyl/TMS and nicotinate/TMS derivatives by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A sample was also reacted with osmium tetroxide for double bond location. The major constituents were cholesterol, squalene and several series of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols. These latter compounds had chain lengths of 12-26 carbon atoms and were predominantly either straight-chain saturated or straight-chain unsaturated compounds. Saturated branched-chain acids with methyl groups predominantly on even-numbered carbon atoms were present but were less abundant. Unsaturated, branched-chain acids were also present. The major unsaturated acids contained unsaturation at the delta-6-position or were derived from these acids by chain elongation. The compounds were similar to those found in vernix caseosa. The mass spectra of picolinyl esters were, for the first time, shown to be capable of determining both the position of unsaturation and methyl branching in the same molecule.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180912
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  • 97
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    Tandem mass spectrometry of leucine enkephalin and physalaemin using a hybrid instrument (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 727-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Daughter ion mass spectral data of [M + H]+ ions of leucine enkephalin and physalaemin, which were formed by fast atom bombardment, were obtained using an instrument of EBQQ configuration. In the case of leucine enkephalin, experiments were carried out in which the collision energy was varied and the collision gas pressure kept constant and vice versa. The results show that conditions can be established under which seuqence-relevant ions above m/z 200 are formed, as well as under which mainly immonium and acylium type ions are generated. Of possible interest for characterization of unknown peptides, when using hybrid instruments, are the mid-chain cleavage ions, which, at a constant argon gas pressure of 5 × 10-6 mbat, were found to maximize at around 30 eV collision energy. Daughter ion mass spectral data are also presented for [M + H]+ ions of physalaemin (mol. wt 1264). Compared to data obtained for physalaemin on multisector instruments, our results indicate that the formation of mid-chain cleavage ions is clearly enhanced.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180914
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  • 98
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    Characterization of virus infected cell cultures by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 757-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The supernatants of Vero cell cultures after infection with a herpes simplex virus or a poliomyelitis virus as well as a blank were analysed by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Py/DCI MS). Informative pyrogrammes were obtained and used for characterization of viral proteins by applying pattern recognition methods. Differentiation of viral proteins was evaluated by analysing ‘blind’ samples. Herpes viruses could be classified correctly but the observed differences between the blank and the polio virus supernatants were too small for reliable classification of the polio viruses. Purification of the samples seems to be a prerequisite for further studies. The potential value of Py/DCI MS as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic method for viral meningoencephalitis is stressed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180919
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  • 99
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    Fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of a complex mixture of lipo-oligopeptides from Nocardia rubra cell wallskeletonPart of the results in this paper have been presented at the 36th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, USA, p. 1285 (1988). (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 761-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental variables in fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry based on low-energy collision-induced dissociation have been systematically invetigated in order to optimize parameters for analysis of synthetic lipo-oligopeptides. The parameters studied were matrix, ion polarity, collision gas, collision gas pressure and collision energy. The optimal parameters recommended in this study have been applied to the N-terminal amino acid seuquence determination of lipopeptide obtained from Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. Daughter and parent ion experiments with negative ion fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry have proven to be very useful for structure elucidation of a complex mixture of lipo-oligopeptides.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180920
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  • 100
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    The determination of atmospheric bis (chloromethyl) ether by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 775-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The technique of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is applied to the analysis of bis(chloromethyl) ether in laboratory and production environments. A selected reaction monitoring method is shown to yield superior sensitivity and selectivity to previous methods. A detection limit of ∼1 ppt is established even for chemically complex atmospheres which have proved intractable by previous techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180922
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