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  • 1990-1994  (10.278)
  • 1890-1899  (195)
  • 1880-1889  (50)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (10.523)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calmyonemin: A 23 kDa analogue of algal centrin occurring in contractile myonemes of Eudiplodinium maggii (ciliate) (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): calcium-binding proteins ; myonemes ; centrin ; contractility ; ciliates ; protozoa ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Myonemes are bundles of thin filaments (3-6 nm in diameter) which mediate calcium-induced contraction of the whole or only parts of the cell body in a number of protists. In Eudiplodinium maggii, a rumen ciliate which lacks a uniform ciliation of the cell body, myonemes converge toward the bases of apical ciliary zones that can be retracted under stress conditions, entailing immobilization of the cell. An mAB (A69) has been produced that identifies a calciumbinding protein by immunoblot, immunoprecipitation experiments and specifically labels the myonemes in immunoelectron microscopy. Solubility properties, apparent molecular weight (23 kDa) and isoelectric point (4.9) of the myonemal protein, are similar to the values reported for the calcium-modulated contractile protein centrin. Western-blot analysis indicates that the 23 kDa protein crossreacts antigenically with anti-centrin antibodies. In addition, the 23 kDa protein displays calcium-induced changes in both electrophoretic and chromatographic behaviour, and contains calcium-binding domains that conform to the EF-hand structure, as known for centrin. Based on these observations, we conclude that a calcium-binding protein with major similarities to centrin occurs in the myonemes of E. maggii. We postulate that this protein plays an essential role in myonememediated retraction of the ciliature. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270208
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural and geometrical constraints on the outer dynein arm in situ (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 299-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubule motors ; dynein ; cilia ; axoneme ; computer modeling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: This study considers the relationship between two structural forms of the 22S dynein arm of Tetrahymena thermophila: the bouquet and the compact arm. The compact arm differs from the bouquet and from other proposed forms (e.g., the “toadstool”) in that the globular domains are situated transversely across the interdoublet gap with one globular subunit, the head, proximal to the adjacent doublet microtubule. The other models place all three globular domains proximal to the neighboring doublet microtubule. When sliding of an isolated axoneme is induced, at least 57% of total attached arms on exposed doublets are in the compact form within dimensions of 24 × 24 × 12 nm, and only about 2% of the arms are bouquets. Toadstools are incompatible with the images seen. Bouquets are not found in regions of the doublet protected by a neighboring doublet. When axonemes with exposed doublets are treated with 0.5 M KCl for 30 min, the compct arms and the dynein heavy (H)-chains disappear, while isolated bouquets and dynein H-chains appear in the medium, suggesting that the compact arms give rise to the bouquets as they are solubilized. The bouquet is the predominant form of isolated 22S dynein molecules, which are found in two apparently enantiomorphic forms, within dimensions 45 × 39 × 13 nm; bouquets attached to doublets have dimensions similar to those of isolated bouquets. Computer modeling indicates that in an intact standard-diameter axoneme, these dimensions are incompatible with the interdoublet volume available for an arm; the bouquet therefore represents an unfolded compact arm. A plausible sequence of changes can be modeled to illustrate the conversion of an attached compact arm to an attached and then free bouquet. The toadstool is probably an artifact that arises after unfolding. Consistent with the conformational difference, H-chains of attached compact arms differ from those of isolated bouquets in their susceptibility to limited proteolysis. These results suggest that the compact arm, rather than the unfolded bouquet or the toadstool, is the functional form of the outer arm in the intact axoneme. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270403
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of tau and other proteins of isolated marginal bands (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 350-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubules ; MAPs ; cytoskeleton ; tau ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: To determine which proteins were associated with and intrinsic to the marginal band (MB) of microtubules (MTs), we studied protein components of MBs isolated from nucleated erythrocytes by differential detergent solubilization of the membrane skeleton (MS). MBs isolated from dogfish erythrocytes contained major proteins in the tubulin Mr range. A high molecular weight protein of ∼290 kD that bound antibody to syncolin and to heat-stable brain MAPs was present in the whole cytoskeleton. However, most of it was solubilized by the MB isolation medium, together with the MS. Dogfish erythrocyte cytoskeletons and isolated MBs were examined with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against mammalian brain tau and chicken erythrocyte tau. As shown by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, these antibodies bound to proteins in the 50 to 67 kD range, located along the length of isolated MBs. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed isolated MB proteins of pI ∼6.8 in the same molecular weight range, as well as α- and β-tubulin with pI ∼5.4. Subtilisin or high-salt treatment of isolated MBs resulted in unbundling of MTs, indicating involvement of MAPs. MBs isolated from chicken erythrocyte cytoskeletons also contained tau as shown by antimammalian brain tau immunofluorescence. Both chicken and dogfish isolated MBs also bound phalloidin, but the binding was usually discontinuous and, for any given MB, matched the pattern of anti-syncolin binding. Both syncolin and F-actin were part of the MS remnant remaining after MT disassembly, supporting their assignment to a specialized MS region at the MB/MS interface. In contrast, tau protein appears to be intrinsic to the MB, where it may have an MT stabilizing and bundling function. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270407
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280101
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences in the effect of Ca2+ on isolated microtubules from cod and cow brain (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): cytoskeleton ; paracrystal ; coiled ribbons ; microtubule-associated proteins ; assembly ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Isolated microtubules from cod and cow brains were compared with respect to their response to calcium ions. The effect of Ca2+ on cod microtubules was found to be temperature dependent. In contrast to cow microtubules, cod microtubules assembled at 18°C. At this temperature the assembly was inhibited by Ca2+ concentrations of 2 mM and higher. This was also found for cow microtubules at 37°C. However, at 30°C there was no effect of 2 mM Ca2+ of the amount of assembly or disassembly of cod microtubules consisting of only tubulin or of tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The morphology was affected though, since some coiled ribbons formed from tubulin and MAPs. The calcium-binding calmodulin did not alter the effect of calcium on cod microtubules markedly. At higher Ca2+ concentrations (〉4 mM), coiled ribbons were formed from cod tubulin and MAPs, but mainly amorphous aggregates and very few coiled ribbons were formed from cod tubulin alone, indicating that the Ca2+ effect is modulated by cod MAPs. The modulatory effect of cod MAPs was however not species specific, since both cod and cow MAPs had the same effect on cod microtubules, in spite of a different protein composition. A MAP-dependent effect of Ca2+ was also found for cow microtubule proteins. The assembly of pure cow tubulin, as well as that of cow tubulin and MAPs, was inhibited by 2 mM Ca2+. In the presence of 10 and 20 mM Ca2+, pure cow tubulin formed amorphous aggregates, rings, and even paracrystals, while the assembly of cow tubulin and MAPs was inhibited. Our results suggest therefore that the effect of Ca2+ can be moderated by MAPs, but depends on intrinsic properties of the different tubulins. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280106
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural and biochemical properties of kinesin heavy chain associated with rat brain mitochondria (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): kinesin ; brain mitochondria ; motility ; membrane-associated ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Kinesin, a mechanochemical enzyme that translocates membranous organelles, was initially identified and purified from soluble extracts from vertebrate brains. However, immunocytochemical and morphological approaches have demonstrated that kinesin could be associated to intracellular membranous organelles. We used an antibody raised against the head portion of the Drosophila kinesin heavy chain to reveal the presence of this protein in membranous organelles from rat brain. By using differential centrifugation and immunoblotting we observed a 116 kDa protein that crossreacts with this antibody in microsomes, synaptic vesicles, and mitochondria. This protein could be extracted from mitochondria with low salt concentrations or ATP. The 116 kDa solubilized protein has been identified as conventional kinesin based on limited sequence analysis. We also show that a polyclonal antibody raised against mitochondria-associated kinesin recognizes soluble bovine brain kinesin. The soluble and mitochondrial membrane-associated kinesins show a different isoform pattern. These results are consistent with the idea that kinesin exists as multiple isoforms that might be differentially distributed within the cell. In addition digitonin fractionation of mitochondria combined with KI extraction revealed that kinesin is a peripheral protein, preferentially located in a cholesterol-free outer membrane domain; this domain has the features of contact points between the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes. The significance of these observations on the functional regulation of the mitochondria-associated kinesin is discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280108
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intact alpha-actinin molecules are needed for both the assembly of actin into the tails and the locomotion of Listeria monocytogenes inside infected cells (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Listeria ; actin ; alpha-actinin ; vinculin ; talin ; filopodia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: After the infectious bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, is phagocytosed by a host cell, it leaves the lysosome and recruits the host cell's cytoskeletal proteins to assemble a stationary tail composed primarily of actin filaments cross-linked with alpha-actinin. The continual recruitment of contractile proteins to the interface between the bacterium and the tail accompanies the propulsion of the bacterium ahead of the elongating tail. When a bacterium contacts the host cell membrane, it pushes out the membrane into an undulating tubular structure or filopodium that envelops the bacterium at the tip with the tail of cytoskeletal proteins behind it. Previous work has demonstrated that alpha-actinin can be cleaved into two proteolytic fragments whose microinjection into cells interferes with stress fiber integrity. Microinjection of the 53 kD alpha-actinin fragment into cells infected with Listeria monocytogenes, induces the loss of tails from bacteria and causes the bacteria to become stationary. Infected cells that possess filopodia when injected with the 53 kD fragment lose their filopodia. These results indicate that intact alpha-actinin molecules play an important role in the intracellular motility of Listeria, presumably by stabilizing the actin fibers in the stationary tails that are required for the bacteria to move forward. Fluorescently labeled vinculin associated with the tails when it was injected into infected cells. Talin antibody staining indicated that this protein, also, is present in the tails. These observations suggest that the tails share properties of attachment plaques normally present in the host cells. This model would explain the ability of the bacterium (1) to move within the cytoplasm and (2) to push out the surface of the cell to form a filopodium. The attachment plaque proteins, alpha-actinin, talin, and vinculin, may bind and stabilize the actin filaments as they polymerize behind the bacteria and additionally could also enable the tails to bind to the cell membrane in the filopodia. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280202
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clustered acetylcholine receptors have two levels of organization in Xenopus muscle cells (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 179-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): acetylcholine receptor ; deep-etch replication ; sarcolemma ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We studied the organization of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters by shearing cultured Xenopus muscle cells with a stream of buffer, and preparing rotary replicas of the exposed cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemma. AChR clusters contained numerous particles that protruded from the sarcolemma and formed an irregular array composed of discrete aggregates. AChR were located within these particle aggregates, as shown by comparison of the replicas to labeling by fluorescent α-bungarotoxin, and by immunogold cytochemistry with antibodies specific for the receptor. The aggregates were cross-linked by a dense network of 7 nm filaments that replicated with the banded pattern characteristic of actin microfilaments. The organization of receptors into the small aggregates was independent of the organization of these aggregates into clusters, as alkaline extraction removed the microfilament network and disrupted the irregular array of particle aggregates, but did not disperse individual receptors from the aggregates. We conclude that two levels of interactions organize AChR clusters in Xenopus muscle cells: short-range interactions that assemble individual AChR into small aggregates, and long-range interactions, perhaps mediated by actin microfilaments, that anchor the aggregates into larger clusters. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280209
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fluorescence studies of spectrin and its subunits (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 29 (1994), S. 72-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): spectrin ; intrinsic fluorescence ; spectrin elasticity ; fluorescence quenching ; spectrin α chain ; spectrin β chain ; membrane skeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: To better understand the solution structure of spectrin, the environments of its tryptophan residues have been examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectra and the extent of quenching by several quenching agents have been determined for intact spectrin and its α and β subunits. The arsenal of quenchers used in the study represented both hydrophilic and hydrophobic species including anionic, cationic and neutral compounds. Effects on spectrin fluorescence of ethanol and ionic strength, which extend and/or rigidify spectrin, and of glycerol, which is commonly used in electron microscopy of the protein, have also been assessed in the presence and absence of quenchers. Most of the tryptophans of spectrin are either internally quenched or are sequestered, hindering the approach of hydrophilic quenching agents. Both the spectral shape and the extent of quenching by acrylamide indicate that some tryptophans of the β subunit are slightly more exposed in the isolated chain than in the dimer. Similar effects on spectra and on quenching of the intact dimer and of the isolated β chain are seen when the ionic strength is reduced. Ethanol and glycerol reduce spectrin tryptophan accessibility to 2-p-toluidinyl napthalene-6-sulfonic acid (TNS). It therefore appears that low ionic strength, α-β association and neutral solute (or lowered dielectric constant) all induce a similar, but modest conformational change in the domain structure. The extent of TNS binding is not increased by lowering the ionic strength, suggesting that the expansion and/or stiffening of the molecule in low electrolyte solutions does not involve exposure of significant numbers of hydrophobic sites. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970290107
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of 6-dimethylaminopurine on the length of the cell cycle and on the state of phosphorylation of putative intermediate filament proteins in sea urchin embryos (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 29 (1994), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): intermediate filaments ; phosphorylation ; sea urchin embryos ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The effects of 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) on the length of the cell cycle and on the state of phosphorylation of a putative intermediate filament protein, p117, have been studied in sea urchin embryos. Embryos were transferred into sea water containing 600 μM 6-DMAP at 0.5, 2 or 5 min after insemination, and incubated for 30 or 90 min. The effects of 6-DMAP on cell cycle length were studied by determining the time required for completion of mitosis upon return of the embryos in normal sea water. In all instances, except for the embryos transferred 0.5 min after insemination (AI) and incubated for 30 min, the duration of the M phase was shortened compared to controls, being faster in the embryos incubated for 90 minutes compared to the 30 min incubation period. However, embryos transferred 0.5 min AI have a longer M-phase than those transferred 2 minutes or later after fertilization, suggesting that between 0.5 and 2 min after fertilization, critical phosphorylating events occur which affect the commitment of the cells to enter M-phase.To study the pattern of p117 phosphorylation during the cell cycle, the eggs were transferred 2 minutes after fertilization in presence of 600 μM 6-DMAP and with 200 μCi/ml of 32P-orthophosphate. Analyses of 32P-labelled proteins after exposure of SDS-PAGE gels and their corresponding blots suggested that phosphorylation of p117 greatly increases at the time of pronuclear fusion, and then declines slightly at prophase-metaphase. This decrease is markedly enhanced when the cells are treated with 6-DMAP during metaphase in order to induce a premature breakdown of the mitotic apparatus. A causal link is suggested between the level of phosphorylation of p117 and its state of assembly. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970290205
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulation of the ATP-dependent interaction between actin and myosin by a myosin-binding fragment of smooth muscle caldesmon (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 29 (1994), S. 250-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): binding of caldesmon to myosin ; actin-activated ATPase activity of myosin ; actin-myosin interaction with in vitro motility assay ; myosin-binding domain of caldesmon ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We reported previously that smooth muscle caldesmon stimulates the ATP-de-pendent interaction between actin and phosphorylated smooth muscle myosin, as monitored by ATPase measurment and in vitro motility assay. Furthermore, this effect changes from stimulatory to inhibitory with increasing concentrations of caldesmon [Ishikawa et al., 1991: J. Biol. Chem. 266:21784-21790]. The N-terminal (myosin-binding) fragment and the C-terminal (actin-binding) fragment were purified from digests of caldesmon. The effects of the myosin-binding fragment and the actin-binding fragment on the interaction were stimulatory and inhibitory, respectively, indicating that stimulatory and inhibitory domains are localized in the myosin-binding domain and actin-binding domain of caldesmon, respectively. The effect of the myosin-binding fragment on the interaction was exclusively stimulatory when the interaction was challenged by caldesmon, both at lower and higher concentrations. However, the actin-binding fragment had no effect on the interaction at lower concentrations and inhibited the interaction at higher concentrations. Thus, the stimulatory effect of caldesmon that is observed at lower concentrations can be explained by the hypothesis that the stimulatory effect of the myosin-binding domain predominates over the inhibitory effect of the actin-binding domain when the concentration of caldesmon is low. With uncleaved caldesmon, we also emphasized the role of the myosin-binding domain in the stimulation as follows; the stimulatory effect of caldesmon became obscured when binding of caldesmon to myosin was competed by the exogenous caldesmon-binding fragment of myosin. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970290308
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel 130-kDa rat liver myosin-1 will translocate actin filaments (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): myosin-1 ; motility ; F-actin ; liver ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We have recently purified and characterized from rat liver, polypeptides of 110-kDa and 130-kDa which possess several characteristics of myosin-1 [Coluccio and Conaty: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 24:189-199, 1993]. What roles these myosin-1 molecules play in hepatocytes is not yet defined. One hypothesis is that they are involved in either intracellular transport or locomotion. As a first step in establishing their function, we have investigated whether these molecules are capable of supporting motility in vitro. Our results clearly demonstrate that the isolated 130-kDa-calmodulin complex will translocate filaments at a rate of 0.03-0.05 μ/sec; motility is inhibited in free calcium ion concentrations above 0.1 μM. This inhibition is reversed with the addition of exogenous calmodulin. These results provide supporting evidence of a motile role for the 130-kDa-calmodulin complex in vivo. This is the first demonstration that in higher eukaryotes, myosin-1 from a tissue other than intestine will support motility. Partial peptide sequence analysis indicates that the 130-kDa polypeptide resembles the recently described myr 1 [Ruppert et al.: J. Cell Biol. 120:1393-1403, 1993] or MM1α [Sherr et al.: J. Cell Biol. 1405-1416, 1993] gene product. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270105
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microtubules with altered assembly kinetics have a decreased rate of kinesin-based transport (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubule transport ; microtubules ; 2,5-hexanedione ; glutaraldehyde ; kinesin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Microtubules treated with the γ-diketone 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) have altered assembly behavior characterized by precocious nucleation and rapid elongation. By measuring the rate of microtubule transport, we have examined the potential functional significance of this 2,5-HD-induced microtubule modification. 2,5-HD-treated microtubules were transported at only 70% of the rate of control microtubules in a simple kinesin-based motility assay on glass coverslips using video and computer enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy. Since 2,5-HD is capable of forming both pyrrole adducts and crosslinks with tubulin, the contributions of pyrrole formation and crosslinking to slowed microtubule transport were determined. 3-Acetyl-2,5-hexanedione (AcHD), a pyrrole forming, non-crosslinking congener of 2,5-HD which does not alter microtubule assembly, did not produce slowed microtubule transport as occurs with 2,5-HD. However, glutaraldehyde, a pyrrole-independent crosslinking agent which alters microtubule assembly in the same way as 2,5-HD, slowed microtubule transport. These results indicate that a 2,5-HD-induced microtubule modification, possibly a crosslink-related conformational change, produces both an alteration in the kinetics of assembly and an alteration in the microtubule-motor interaction. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270109
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wheater's functional histology-a text and colour atlas by H.G. Burkitt, B. Young, and J.W. Heath, 3rd edition, 416 pp. Edinburgh: Churchill livingston; 1993. (Distributed in the United States of America by churchill livingston, inc.). £27.50 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 52-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070110
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incisional/ventral herniorrhaphy employing bilateral reversed anterior rectus abdominis sheath (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): ventral hernia ; reversed sheath ; rectus abdominus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Repair of a symptomatic incisional/ventral hernia that is not amenable to simple primary closure is problematic. Therapeutic options include: (1) fascial reapproximation after unilateral/bilateral horizontal parasagittal relaxing incisions (obliquus externusand transversus abdominis) with or without pre-operative pneumoperitoneum; (2) bridging a fascial defect with autologous devascularized (lata femoris, anterior rectus abdominissheath) or vascularized (abdominal wall fascia, tensor fasciae latae, myofascial, or myofascial/cutaneous rotational flaps) tissue; or (3) insertion of prosthetic/synthetic material (polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polygalactin). In the presence of abdominal infection or contaminated operative wounds use of autologous tissue is preferred, because of the risks of infection and gastroenterocolonic fistulization.Since 1985 the authors have observed excellent results with use of a bilateral reversed anterior rectus abdominissheath technique of incisional/ventral herniorrhaphy. Although the parasagittal incision parallel to the linea semilunarisand mobilization medially undoubtedly caused partial devascularization (interruption of segmental and intermuscular arteriovenous arcades, respectively), the sheath coapted in the midline maintained its integrity as evaluated clinically and radiographically. This implies that the Sheath is relatively hypometabolic, that collateral circulation is maintained and/or develops, and/or sustenance is obtained by contiguity with peritoneal secretions and subcutaneous tissue.Twenty-three patients (13 males, 10 females, age range 19-79 years) with large symptomatic mid-abdominal hernias of 8-16 months duration were so treated. Each of these patients had required multiple (three to seven) exploratory celiotomies for traumatic, infectious, inflammatory., or neoplastic entities. To date all patients have healed per primumwithout recurrence. Only one patient, who had previously received pelvic irradiation, manifested eventration. This qualitative analysis suggests that this technique has validity for patients requiring incisional/ventral herniorrhaphy with an otherwise intact rectus abdominismuscle and sheath. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070104
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  • 116
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    Digitale Medien
    Tortuosity in the cervical part of the vertebral artery (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 26-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): arterial tortuosity ; vertebral artery ; vertebral angiograms ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Some standard anatomical descriptions of the cervical part of the vertebral artery mention little of its tortuosities. This study investigated the vertebral artery and its course using vertebral angiograms (37 sides) and preserved human cadaver injection studies (47 sides). In the Townes' projection of the former, the artery was seen consistently to pass laterally at the level of cervical vertebra 2 (C2), then to curve medially and then laterally as it climbed to enter the C1 foramen transversarium (F. T.). Analysis of dissection material and lateral angiograms revealed a tight posterior loop in the artery between C1 and C2. A “tortuosity variable” was calculated and was found to be positively correlated with age, but no relationship was found between tortuosity and the side of the body or the sex of the patient.Analysis of radiographs of injected cadaver heads showed the posterior loop between C1 and C2 in 96% of cases; the region with the greatest variability in pathway was the C1/ C2 region, but tortuosity was also seen at a more caudal level in some cases.As the tortuosity between C1 and C2 was also seen in young subjects (7 years old and older), reasons for its presence other than atherosclerosis are discussed. It is proposed that it may provide slack in the artery that is taken up on turning the head in order to avoid compromise to the cerebral circulation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070106
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Human dissection and attitudes of preclinical students to death and bereavement (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 42-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): dissection ; education ; death ; bereavement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Two questionnaires were used to gather information about preclinical education concerning death and bereavement. One was mailed to Heads of Anatomy Departments of 26 UK medical schools. The other was distributed to 220 first- and 210 second-year preclinical students in Cambridge. Among curricular organizers (77% response rate), the motivation for giving such education was primarily to improve knowledge about dissection, and only secondarily and infrequently to prepare students for clinical practice or to address their attitudes or feelings. In contrast, the primary concern of students (response rate 54%) was preparation for encounters with death in clinical practice (61-85%), lesser concerns being to address their own fears and feelings (30-40%) or knowledge about the dissecting room, cadavers, etc. (23-37%). Students were also asked about their reactions to dissection in order to determine whether the dissecting room might provide an opportunity for teaching about death. Most (66%) admitted experiencing moderate to extreme apprehension in advance of dissection. Apprehension was associated, on starting dissection, with very strong reactions, which in some cases interfered with learning. Some (27%) dealt with this by depersonalization. The only previous experiences that showed a significant association with the occurrence during dissection of interfering and/or non-task-related thoughts and feelings were (i) for both men and women the occurrence and quality of handling of death experience(s) at school, and (ii) for a group of male students the experience of the death of more than one close non-family friend. A strategy for effective use of the dissecting room in studies on death is outlined. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070108
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  • 118
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    Digitale Medien
    Presented at the Summer Scientific Meetings of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, July 16, 1993, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070111
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomy of splenogastric vessels in patients with schistosomal portal hypertension (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 80-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): spleen ; vasa brevia ; short gastric vessels ; subtotal splenectomy ; portal hypertension ; schistosomiasis ; variceal hemorrhage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The literature describes the short gastric vessels as branches of the splenic pedicle. However, in our surgical practice, we verified the maintenance of splenic vitality and function even after dividing the splenic artery and vein. In order to understand this phenomenon, we studied the architecture of the splenogastric vessels during subtotal or total splenectomies performed to treat esophageal and gastric variceal bleedings due to portal hypertension. We observed that these vessels were independent of the splenic pedicle and their number ranged between zero and 13. These findings are important in different surgical procedures and should be better investigated in order to understand the splenic vessels. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070205
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of bequeathed and unclaimed bodies in the dissecting room (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): bequests ; dissection ; organ donations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The bodies used in dissecting rooms have either been unclaimed or bequeathed. Although bequeathed bodies constitute the major source of bodies in many countries today, this is not a universal situation. The use of unclaimed bodies for dissection is traced historically from its origins in grave robbing and murder, and against the background of the thesis that it involves exploitation of the poor and the lack of informed consent. The ethical significance of the treatment of cadavers is considered in terms of the intrinsic and instrumental value ascribed to cadavers. The use of unclaimed bodies is assessed in relation to the ethical principles underpinning organ donation, including respect for the autonomy of the deceased, and the interests of family members, as well as reference to altruism as a basis of donations and the possible redemptive aspects of organ donations. It is argued that the use of unclaimed bodies does not correspond to any procedure we use today in the realm of organ donation. It is concluded that the use of unclaimed bodies is never to be the procedure of choice, since taking a body even for good purposes is ethically inferior to giving a body for the same purposes. Nevertheless, what is done with dead bodies for good reasons is not the most important of ethical matters, and a balance has to be attained between these ethical considerations and the potential benefits accruing to society. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070209
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The surgeon as a teacher of anatomy (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Anatomy teaching ; surgeon-anatomists ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070308
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Abstracts presented at the Winter Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, December 20, 1993, York, United Kingdom (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 162-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070309
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 108-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070210
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regional lymph drainage routes from the diaphragm in the rat (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): diaphragmatic lymphatics ; lymphatic absorption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Absorption from the peritoneal cavity by lymphatics of the diaphragm is of considerable surgical importance. The pattern of lymphatic drainage from the diaphragm of the rat, used as an experimental model, was studied following intraperitoneal injection of diluted India ink. Peritoneal absorption of ink was remarkably rapid. Within 1 minute, subperitoneal lymphatic lacunae filled with ink. The lacunae ran radially between muscular fibers of the diaphragm and were confined only to the muscular part of the diaphragm. The regional lymph drainage from the diaphragm was predominantly to the mediastinal lymph nodes (parathymic and posterior mediastinal nodes) by way of the retrosternal and intercosto-paravertebral lymph trunks, and also to retroperitoneal lymph nodes (cisternal and renal nodes) by the retroperitoneal lymphatic trunks. These data indicate that the cranial drainage of lymph from the peritoneal cavity, mainly by way of the retrosternal lymphatic trunks, predominates over the caudal drainage route and thoracic duct; the intercosto-paravertebral, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal lymphatic channels are only secondary pathways. Knowledge of these lymphatic routes may prove valuable clinically in peritoneal dialysis and in the prediction of the spread of the animal's own cells (e.g., lymphocytes and macrophages), of tumor cells and of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070403
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coexistent diaphragmatic herniation and eventration: Embryologic rationale for therapeutic interventions (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): diaphragm ; herniation ; eventration ; hiatus hernia ; phrenic nerve ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Diaphragmatic herniation and eventration are distinct entities that may be congenital or acquired and rarely occur simultaneously. Safe patient care requires differentiation of the two processes. We present an adult patient with coexistent diaphragmatic herniation and eventration to demonstrate the embryologic basis of the two conditions, elucidate the diagnosis, and discuss safe therapeutic intervention. Herniation indicates a structural defect in an otherwise normal diaphragm. Eventration applies to defective muscular content or innervation in a structurally intact diaphragm. Normal diaphragmatic structure and development may be understood as the sum of four component parts: septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal membranes, dorsal mesentery, and striated muscle masses. A failure of myoblast migration and, therefore, neural innervation on the right can produce ipsilateral eventration and a hiatus hernia. During the course of laparotomy for an unrelated process such as acute calculous cholecystitis, hernia repair should be avoided so as to avoid injury to the normal contralateral phrenic nerve, the posterior branch of which being particularly vulnerable. By depriving the patient of innervation to the only functional hemidiaphragm, contralateral neural injury can result inacute respiratory paralysis and patient mortality. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070306
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric comparison of computed tomography to magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the lumbar intervertebral foramina (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): spinal anatomy ; spinal morphometry ; cadaveric imaging phantom ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the ability of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as techniques to determine linear morphometric measurements of several parameters of the right and left lumbar intervertebral foramina (IVFs). Specifically, the greatest superior-to-inferior diameter and anterior-to-posterior diameter of the lumbar IVFs were measured in a cadaveric imaging phantom. The phantom was first measured directly with vernier calipers and then embedded in gelatin to simulate soft tissue. It was then scanned with two types of protocols each for CT and MRI. The scanned images were transferred directly from the imaging units to optical disks, which were then read using an optical disk drive. The measurements taken directly from the phantom were then taken from the scans using a Macintosh II computer interfaced with the optical disk drive. The results showed that both sagittally reformatted CT images and sagittal MRI images were clinically and statistically reliable and valid methods for linear evaluation of the IVF in the sagittal plane. However, measurements made from the MRI scans were found to be more accurate than those made from the CT scans. The results of this study should help increase understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of both imaging modalities in the sagittal evaluation of the lumbar IVFs. The results may also help with the future evaluation of the IVF in the condition known as nerve root canal stenosis. This study also indicates that a normal morphometric database from the MRI scans of normal human subjects should be developed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070402
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070410
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the ultrastructure of the cremasteric muscle-scrotal interface in normal and cryptorchid rats following division of the neonatal genitofemoral nerve (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): gubernaculum ; scrotum ; testicular descent ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The gubernaculum, innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, plays an important role in inguinoscrotal testicular descent. Cremaster muscle develops within the gubernaculum, and it has been demonstrated that an intact nerve is essential for gubernacular migration and scrotal pouch formation. In this electron microscopy study, we investigated the relationship between the gubernaculum, cremaster muscle, and the developing scrotum in normal rats and rats rendered cryptorchid by genitofemoral nerve division.In 12 neonatal rats, the genitofemural nerve was divided unilaterally. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18 days (n = 2 for each group), and sagittal sections through the cremaster muscle-scrotal interface evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. These were compared to non-operated control animals sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18 days (n = 2 for each group). We observed the following changes in the cremaster muscle of the operated group compared to unoperated controls: (1) an increase in the number of immature muscle fibers; (2) variable muscle fiber size; (3) disorganization of internal structures; and (4) vacuolization within the muscle fibers. There were no demonstrable ultrastructural interface or scrotal ligament differences between the operated and unoperated specimens.This study suggests that architecturally normal early gubernacular and cremaster muscle growth is dependent on an intact genitofemoral nerve. The poor scrotal growth seen without genitofemoral nerve input may be due to attachment of the scrotal ligament in an ectopic location in combination with abnormal cremaster muscle development. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070502
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Right ventricular protection with coronary sinus retrograde cardioplegia (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): open heart surgery ; venous collateralization ; myocardial protection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Fifteen consecutive patients having open heart surgery using retrograde cardioplegia were studied to demonstrate that important venous collateralization exists between the coronary sinus (CS) and its left ventricular branches and the right ventricle (RV). The venous collateralization makes possible RV myocardial protection during retrograde cardioplegia. Right ventricular venous drainage principally occurs via anterior cardiac veins, which drain into the right atrium, and thebesian veins, which drain into both the RV and the atrium, generally without connection to the CS. Retrograde cardioplegia used during open heart surgery should, therefore, give inadequate myocardial protection to the RV. Two RV temperature probes used as markers for RV perfusion were monitored continuously during cardiac arrest. Systemic temperature while on cardiopulmonary bypass was 25°C, and the retrograde perfusate solution temperature was 4°C. Coronary sinus pressure during the bypass procedure was maintained between 20 torr and 50 torr. Mean temperatures at the two probe sites were 16.1°C and 14.5°C. We conclude that a complex network of venous collaterals between the coronary sinus and left ventricle and the right ventricle allow excellent myocardial protection during retrograde cardioplegia. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070505
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A dorsal plate in the joints of the toes: Patella or meniscus? (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): interphalangeal ; metatarsophalangeal ; joint ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Deep to the extensor expansion of the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the toes, there exists a structure of dense irregular connective tissue that corresponds to the opposite volar plate. This plate is a constant finding, is meniscoid, and challenges previous descriptions of the anatomy and function of these joints. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070506
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Primary health care as a guideline for preclinical anatomy teaching (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 297-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): education ; anatomy ; family practices ; primary health care ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This article, based upon a survey distributed to general practitioners in Switzerland, is part of a comprehensive work directed toward the development of a medical curriculum based on the specific requirements of primary health care. Analysis shows that it is possible to make a reduction in the amount of anatomy taught without endangering the basic knowledge necessary for clinical practice. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070510
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editor-in-chief's note (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 300-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070511
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of small group case-based exercises in human gross anatomy: A method for introducing active learning in a traditional course format (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): small groups ; case studies ; gross anatomy ; active learning ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: As part of the curricular change at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, we focused on active learning and greater integration of basic and clinical sciences. With these objectives in mind, this report describes the use of small-group, case-based exercises in our gross anatomy course and provides one example of integrating such activities into a traditional course. In addition to formal lectures and laboratory dissection, students meet approximately every fourth class period in small groups to discuss a clinical case which focuses on the relevant anatomy taught at that time. Two first-year students lead each small group; one fourth-year student facilitator also attends to provide clinical correlations, answer questions, and reinforce the anatomy. Formative feedback suggests students enthusiastically endorse the self-directed active learning; they feel these exercises offer both a valuable approach to learning and an opportunity to practice presentation and leadership skills. First-year students enjoy the interaction with fourth-year facilitators and the fourth-year students appreciate the opportunity to review basic science material. Our data suggest that students learn to “think” about the anatomy, and we hope learn to use their understanding and knowledge base in a practical fashion. Moreover, these case-based exercises can fit nicely into a variety of curricular formats, especially where problem-based tutorials may not be feasible or desirable. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070608
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  • 134
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    Digitale Medien
    An educational method to bridge a gap between histology and gross anatomy in learning microvascular structure (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): anatomical education ; vascular structure ; macroscope ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The combined method injecting silicon rubber into vessels and magnifying them on a TV monitor with a video macroscope can demonstrate three-dimensional vascular structure of organs. This study compared it with a corrosion casting method observing renal glomeruli, and implied that as it is easy to prepare samples, magnifying 200 times on the TV monitor and operating the machine, students can treat it in the dissection course and in a limited schedule. It leads students to be interested in histology as well as gross anatomy, and is helpful for them to perceive human structures. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070609
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Myenteric plexus of the upper part of the human esophagus: A quantitative study (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): upper human esophagus ; myenteric plexus ; neuron density ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The myenteric plexus of the upper 12 cm of the human esophagus was studied quantitatively in five necropsy esophagi using whole-mount preparations in which the neurons were stained by a modified Giemsa method. The numerical densities of ganglia and neurons that first appear just below the caudal edge of the cricopharyngeus muscle increase progressively along the oral aboral axis of the esophagus. In the proximal third of the upper esophagus, the plexus contains 10-34 ganglia/cm and 223-1,306 neurons/cm2. The ganglia in this segment are relatively small, containing 17-55 neurons. In the middle third there are 7-35 ganglia/cm2 and 298-1,991 neurons/cm2. The ganglia contain 30-64 neurons. In the distal third of the upper esophagus, the plexus contains 11-46 ganglia/cm2 and 468-1,955 neurons/cm2. The ganglia contain 33-65 neurons. The total number of neurons in this upper part of the esophagus was calculated to be approximately 225-250,000. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070605
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The left renal vein: A major collateral system (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 352-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): experimental ; venous occlusion ; collateral flow ; radiological investigation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This study investigated the collateral flow emanating from and around the renal veins in the adult. Experimental venous occlusion was performed along several venous pathways under the influence of the renal veins. Radiological techniques were used to investigate renal venous collateral flow. The importance and contribution of these collaterals are discussed with reference to their diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. The left renal vein is a major venous collateral pathway, whereas the right renal vein contributes little. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070607
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070101
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A reappraisal of the blood supply of the pectoralis minor muscle (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): pectoral blood supply ; pectoral nerves ; free muscle transplant ; facial paralysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Recently the pectoralis minor muscle has been introduced as a free muscle transplant for facial reanimation in peripheral facial paralysis. However, reports on the vascular supply of this muscle are incomplete or contradictory. Therefore the pectoral region was examined in 57 human cadavers. A complex pattern of variations in the arterial supply was found: it was, however, systematically arranged and limited to a small part of the arterial tree. A topographical classification was made, based on the dominant muscle artery, to provide a useful orientation during reconstructive surgery. Related to the origin of this dominant artery, three main patterns are distinguished. In the most frequent pattern a major role is played by an artery not mentioned in Nomina Anatomica (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989). This artery usually arises directly from the axillary artery, accompanies the medial pectoral nerve, and supplies the major lateral part of the muscle from its deep surface. For topographical reasons we propose the name “lateral pectoral artery.” The classification, presented in this study, may provide a better insight for the reconstructive surgeon working in this area. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070102
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Results of questionnaire on teching imaging anatomy (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 50-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070109
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomy of the valve of the coronary sinus (thebesian valve) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 10-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): valve of the coronary sinus (Thebesian valve) ; right atrium ; ostium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The valve of the coronary sinus was studied in 50 hearts from dissection room cadavers. It varied from a flap that covered up to 70% of the ostium of the coronary sinus, to a few small strands of tissue. In 3 cases no valve was present. In most cases (35 out of 50), the valve covered 〈50% of the ostium of the coronary sinus, so it is unlikely to play an important role in preventing reflux into the coronary sinus. Microscopically, the valve was found to contain layers of myocardium, most of which disappeared in the less well formed valves, but some myocardium was persistent even in the most rudimentary valves studied. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070103
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology of superficial cells of buccal mucosa is unlikely to be useful in monitoring radiotherapy (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 34-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): oral squames ; microplicae ; microvilli ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In this study scanning electron microscopy is used to document the surface features of superficial cells of buccal mucosa and to evaluate the usefulness of examination of oral swabs in monitoring radiotherapy in the mouth. Biopsy samples of buccal mucosa from 5 patients and oral swabs from 8 volunteers and 7 patients were examined.The surfaces of the buccal epithelial cells in healthy subjects were found to have a variable morphology. Cells nearer the surface showed a pattern of parallel microplicae or microvilli, while less mature cells showed more complex patterns such as irregular microplicae, microplicae forming a maze-like pattern or a mixture of microplicae and microvilli. Adjacent celis frequently exhibited different patterns, and superficial and deep surfaces of the same cell consistently had different appearances. In particular, all the appearances described by Robertson et al.: J. Submicrosc. Cytol., 19:515-521, 1987, following radiotherapy were noted in the normal subjects in the present study.The findings emphasize the need for caution in attributing particular cell-surface patterns to the effect of specific doses of radiation and suggest that scanning electron microscopy of oral swabs is unlikely to be useful in monitoring the progress of radiotherapy. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070107
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anomalous tibialis posterior muscle as an etiologic factor of hallux valgus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): anomalous tibialis posterior tendon ; hallux valgus ; adductor hallucis muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The role of an anomalous tibialis posterior (TP) tendon in the etiology of hallux valgus (HV) deformity was investigated in four stages: clinical, anatomical, neurological, and operative. In the clinical stage, the patients were instructed to planter flex and invert the foot to contract the TP tendon. Attempts to correct the deformity passively were not possible and resulted in, moderate pain in all patients (197 feet). When the foot was in dorsiflexion and everted (TP tendon was relaxed) the deformity was easily corrected without any pain in 196 feet (99.5%). In the second stage (anatomical), 10 cadavers (20 feet) with HV deformity and 10 cadavers (20 feet) without any foot deformity were dissected. An abnormal expansion of TP tendon into the oblique part of adductor hallucis was found consistently in all HV feet. The tendinous expansion was absent in all normal feet studied. Also when traction was applied to TP tendon, an increase in the metatarsophalangeal (MP) angle of the big toe was observed in all HV feet, but not in the control group. In the third group (neurological), faradic stimulation was applied to the TP muscle in 7 patients with HV deformity and 7 without deformity. The MP angle was increased in HV patients, but no change was observed in the control group. In the fourth stage, 11 patients (18 feet) surgically operated for HV deformity by proximal metatarsal osteotomy and excision of the band anchoring TP tendon to the oblique part of adductor hallucis. The results were excellent in 10 patients (17 feet) even after a minimum 2.5 year follow-up. Also, in two patients who were operated by different procedures with poor results, the TP tendon was lengthened by Z-plasty and they were completely pain free.Our data show the dynamic role of anomalous expansions of the TP tendon into the oblique part of adductor hallucis muscle in HV patients. We suggest this expansion be excised in addition to other operative procedures selected for the surgical treatment of HV patients. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070105
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070201
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in tibial torsion (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 76-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): African ; black ; torsion ; rotation ; leg ; limb ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A skeletal collection from the African country of Sudan was examined to determine if torsion of the tibia in an African population varies from established norms for European, Asian, and American populations. A large variation in tibial torsion was observed. There was a distinct limb asymmetry with more torsion on the right than left. No association of tibial torsion with gender was identified. A small but appreciable increase in average torsion (7°) was identified when this population was compared with previously reported populations. This study documents a variation in tibial torsion not appreciated in earlier studies. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070204
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in femoral anteversion (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 72-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): African ; anteversion ; black ; femur ; torsion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Variation in femoral anteversion in an adult African skeletal population is examined in this study. Variation is measured in reference to population, gender, and side of the extremity (right vs. left). This study demonstrates greater average anteversion (19°) and a significant right-left variation (21 vs. 17) when compared to previously reported Caucasian and Oriental populations. The increased anteversion complements previous reports documenting morphologic differences between populations in length and width of the femur. This study documents a variation in femoral anteversion not appreciated in earlier studies that may be clinically useful in the assessment and correction of “abnormal” anteversion. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070203
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical anatomy of the chiasma tendlinum (camper) in the fingers (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): hand ; tendon ; flexor digitorum superficialis tendon ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Sixty human hands from adult cadavers were used to study the chiasma tendinum (Camper) of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon in the finger. Two hundred forty fingers were microdissected and examined morphometrically. The formation of the chiasma tendinum could be divided into nine types. The most common type shows that the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon divides into four bundles, the two inner of which cross each other. The length and width of the chiasma tendinum in the middle finger is the longest and widest, while in the little finger it is the shortest and narrowest. The relationship of the chiasma tendinum and the long vinculum of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon was also observed in the present study. In the most common type the long vinculum lies distal to the chiasma lying between the two terminal tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis. The authors suggest three functions for the chiasma tendinum: (1) it provides a pathway for the flexor digitorum profundus tendon; (2) it increases the stability and balance of the proximal interphalangeal joint; and (3) it prevents hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070202
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070401
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070212
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 112-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070211
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vivo location of the human vermiform appendix (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): anatomy ; appendix ; appendicitis ; retrocecal ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The anatomic position of the appendiceal tip is cited in many surgical and anatomical texts as being fixed in the retrocecal position in as many as two-thirds of cases studied. The reference most often quoted to support this observation is Wakeley (1933), but this frequency did not correspond to the clinical experience of the surgical staff at the authors' institution. Accordingly, a prospective survey of the in vivo location of the vermiform appendix was undertaken over a 6-month period. The results demonstrated that the retrocecal position was indeed the most common location, but occurred in only 33% of instances. This observation may encourage greater utilization of laparoscopic appendectomy, since it suggests that retroperitoneal dissection will not be necessary to locate the appendiceal tip in the majority of cases. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070305
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Observations on detailed histology of the internal thoracic artery and their relevance to its comparatively low incidence of atheroma (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): media ; artery ; atherosclerosis ; bypass graft ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The internal thoracic artery (ita) is of value as a coronary artery bypass graft. It is much less prone to develop atheroma than coronary arteries and much less prone to develop graft occlusive disease than the alternative saphenous vein graft, but the reasons for its comparative resistance to atheroma are unclear. We have sought to define the detailed structure of the artery along its length and have shown that the media of the artery changes from an elastic structure in its proximal part to a muscular one in its distal part. The internal elastic lamina has a well-defined structure at all levels, in contrast to the external elastic lamina which becomes well defined only in its distal part. The significant difference in the structure of the media of the ita, compared to that described for the coronary arteries, may be relevant to the observed difference in atheroma between this artery and the similarly sized epicardial coronary arteries. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070406
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Teaching anatomy in the middle east: Opportunities and challenges at a new medical school (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 152-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): anatomy teaching ; new approaches ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The challenges and opportunities for teaching anatomy in the new medical college of Sultan Qaboos University (S. Q. U.) in the Middle East are described.With appropriate emphasis the subject is presented at all stages in the B. Sc. (basic medical sciences) and M. D. (clinical) programs. At the pre-clinical stage much of the subject is integrated with the other preclinical sciences in “systems” courses. Because of its continual emphasis throughout both degree programs and because of special coursesincluding introduction to anatomical skills with emphasis on developing practical skills and a log-book evaluation of skills towards the end of the preclillical course together with clinical problem-solving exercises, anatomy has preserved its identity.The limited availability of cadavers has been turned to advantage enabling radiological, surface, and living anatomy to be emphasized in practicals which also include examination of anatomical models and plastinated and prosected specimens. The practicals are highly structured, students rotating through a series of stations of activities ensuring that they examine all the available material and perform required tasks.The preclinical courses are assessed by a variety of in-course and end-of-course integrated examinations. The assessments used have been validated and it is hoped to report them separately. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070307
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Human dissection for the health sciences, by John H. Langdon. 336 pp., 141 illus. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1994. $28.95 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 166-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070310
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Typology of the subclavian and axillary lymphatics (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 204-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): gross anatomy ; human ; subclavian lymphatics ; axillary lymphatics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Detailed dissections were performed bilaterally on 90 human adult cadavers to obtain more accurate data on the course and origin of the subclavian lymphatics and especially of the subclavian lymphatic trunk. We classified these into four types from the morphology. Type A (46.1 %): The subclavian lymphatics were located along the medial edge of the subclavian vein edge close to the lateral thoracic wall. In this type, the subclavian lymphatics consisted of the subclavian node chain, interconnecting vessels, and short lymph trunks. Type B (20.0%): A large connecting vessel ran along the lateral edge of the subclavian vein or on the subclavian artery, with the result that the trunk was located away from the thoracic wall. In the Type B configuration, the vessels originated from the nodes near the origin of the thoracoacromial artery. Type C (21.7%): The Type B large collecting vessel was observed with the Type A subclavian lymphatics. Type D (12.2%): Lymph vessels were too fine to be found and dissected in the subclavian lymphatics. These observations provide critical information for an unproved clinical examination and lymphatic resection of breast cancer. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070405
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Venous architecture in a duplex renal system with crossed fused ectopia: A case report (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): venography ; renal venous anatomy ; congenital renal abnormality ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This report presents the renal venous architecture in a case of a duplex kidney with crossed fused ectopia. The renal venous anatomy as defined by venography and resin cast preparation is described. The internal venous flow pattern was demonstrated to be non-lobar and non-segmental. Renal vein valves were not observed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070408
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Positions available (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 231-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070411
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biomechanical study of human meniscal models (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): knee joint ; meniscus ; three-dimensional photoelastic model ; isochromate ; stress analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This experimental study was undertaken to identify the surface and internal stress distribution and load transmission in menisci under different loading states using a three-dimensional photoelastic method. These studies were carried out in four series of loading tests on models of menisci. Our observations showed that the stresses of the medial and lateral menisci were concentrated at the central strip of the menisci and that the magnitude of stresses on the superior surfaces of the menisci were greater than that on the inferior surfaces. The load bearing capacity of the lateral menisces where greater than that of the medial one. The results also showed that a complex apparatus, composed of the menisci and other associated structures surrounding the knee joint, plays an important role in the course of force transmission. In addition, the cause of meniscal splitting and the experimental method are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070503
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meetings (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 303-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070512
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomical considerations on arytenoid cartilage dislocation (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 324-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): cricoarytenoid joint ; articulating surface ; ligament ; muscle ; endotracheal intubation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The cricoarytenoid joints of 12 human adult male and female larynges were studied with regard to the anatomical reasons for arytenoid cartilage dislocation. The specimens were impregnated with curable polymers as a whole and then cut into 600-800 μm sections along different planes. The articulating surface at the upper border of the cricoid lamina revealed a striking extension backward and occasionally even slightly distalward. This may allow the arytenoid cartilage to glide in a posterior direction until it partially looses its contact to the cricoid facet. In physiologic conditions, the arytenoid position is balanced along a sagittal plane between the posterior cricoarytenoid ligament dorsally and the thyroarytenoid muscle ventrally. If one of these structures is damaged, i.e., by medical disease or trauma, the arytenoid cartilage may be pushed easily in the opposite direction. Arytenoid dislocation mainly in a posterior direction is described in literature as a possible complication of endotracheal intubation. Preparatory pharmacological muscle relaxation leads to paralysis of the thyroarytenoid muscle and its ventrally directed traction on the arytenoid cartilage. As the shape of the articulating surfaces, especially the peculiarities of the cricoid facet, even facilitates a dorsally directed movement of the Arytenoid cartilage, it may be easily displaced in a posterior direction during the procedure of endotracheal intubation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070604
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Status of gross anatomy in the U.S. and Canada: Dilemma for the 21st century (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 275-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): academic review ; curriculum ; student-directed curricula ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: As a component of a recent academic review, the Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences faculty at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas, developed a questionnaire designed to compare the curricula, direction, and challenges of their department with the approximately 140 anatomy departments in the U. S. and Canada. The response was overwhelming in that over 80% of the schools returned a completed questionnaire. One of the areas of interest revealed by this survey was a growing concern over significant changes in both medical school curricula and the future of anatomy departments. Most departments still used traditional lectures to present course material and the majority of the scheduled contact hours were in the dissection laboratory; however, other teaching formats, such as case studies and small group discussions, accounted for significantly more of the teaching effort. Nearly 20% of the schools were making major modifications in their teaching methods. The general trend was to include more integrated, problem-based learning and computer-assisted teaching while reducing overall content, didactic lectures, and rote memorization. The role and need for traditionally trained gross anatomists in medical education appeared to be diminishing as curricular reform moved toward more student-directed, faculty-facilitated programs. Concurrently, the recruitment and career development of gross anatomy faculty appeared to be influenced more by funding status than by academic training or teaching experience, as most departmental chairman were willing to hire non-anatomists and “train” them to assume an often reduced teaching load in gross anatomy courses. In addition, fewer graduate students were being trained in classical gross anatomy, a trend that better suited the emerging student-directed medical school curricula. The reduction in classically trained anatomists also appeared to reflect the widespread practice whereby anatomy faculty were rewarded far more for research than for teaching. Although the continued inclusion of gross anatomy in medical education appeared to be assured, its traditional mode of presentation and academic prominence will likely change by the turn of the century. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070509
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070601
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomical variations of the coronary perfusion as a basis of myocardial vulnerability to coronary artery occlusion (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): myocardium ; transcoronary ablation ; anterior interventricular artery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical explanation for the greater or lesser vulnerabilities of the left ventricular segments in the event of occlusion of each of the main coronary arteries. To this end, we analyzed the arterial perfusion of 1,080 left ventricular segments from 90 human hearts obtained at autopsy. Post-mortem angiography, dissection, and constriction of an arterial map using the classification of Selvester et al. (1982) were applied. By careful monitoring of the arterial perfusion of each segment we conclude that (1) obstruction of the anterior interventricular artery (AIV) especially affects the superomesial, superoapical, and anteroapical segments; (2) obstruction of the circumflex artery (CX) especially affects the posterobasal and posteromesial segments; and (3) obstruction of the right coronary artery (RC) especially affects the inferobasal and inferomesial segments. Vulnerability of the myocardially segments decreases in those segments which have collateral supply, i.e., those which are only relatively dependent upon a particular coronary artery. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070603
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meetings (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 380-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070615
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gross anatomy in the practice of medicine, by Frank J. Slaby, Susan K. McCune, and Rbert W. Summers. 669 pp., 490 illus. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1994. $49.50 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 375-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070613
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small group preclinical instruction: Methods within the traditional gross anatomy laboratory (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 370-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070610
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 377-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070614
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Positions available (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 382-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070616
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Review questions for gross anatomy and embryology, by T.R. Gest, W.E. Burkel, and N.A. Waanders. 401 pp. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group Inc., 1993. $21.95 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 374-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070612
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070112
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for a relationship between head shape and prevalence of middle ear effusion in children (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): brachycephaly ; tympanometry ; Eustachian tube ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To determine if there is an association between head shape type (brachycephaly, mesocephaly, and dolichocephaly) and prevalence of middle ear effusions, we performed tympanometry and head measurements on 203 children who were enrolling in kindergarten and who were 4 or 5 years old. Maximum head length and head breadth were measured using anthropometric spreading calipers, and the cephalic index (CI) was calculated for each child (head width/head length × 100). Children with a CI 〉 1 standard deviation (SD) from the mean were classified as brachycephalic, those with a CI 〈 1 SD as dolichocephalic, and the remainder as mesocephalic.The overall distribution of flat tympanograms (indicative of middle ear effusions) by head shape type was unlikely to have occurred by chance (X2(2) = 6.2; P 〈 0.05). Brachycephalic children had a significantly greater prevalence (39%) of flat tympanograms, than did mesocephalic children (19%; P = 0. 015). There was a trend toward more dolichocephalic children having effusions (29%) than mesocephalic children (19%), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.24). Neither race nor sex affected the relationship between brachycephaly and middle ear effusions. Brachycephaly is a physical finding associated with flat tympanograms and, therefore, middle ear effusions in preschool children. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070206
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Leprosy as a clinical correlation of anatomy (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): leprosy ; Schwann cells ; phalanges ; palate ; anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Leprosy is a chronic mycobacterial infection of superficial tissues which occurs in part because of a select immune incoripetence in certain individuals. The major debilitating effects of the disease are the result of neurological deficits secondary to infiltration of Schwann cells by M. leprae and resorption of phalanges and bone near the palate. An understanding of the manifestations of the disease is based upon anatomical principles. We illustrate some of these in several clinical correlations. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070304
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomy of the lesser occipital nerve in relation to cervicogenic headache (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): headache ; C2 ventral ramus ; superior cervical ganglion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In all papers published up to now it is stated or surmised that in cervicogenic headache, described by Sjaastad and collaborators (Cephalalgia, 3(4):240-256, 1983), the painful stimulus is carried mainly or exclusively by the greater occipital nerve. As a contribution to the study in this modality of headache, the authors made 16 dissection in eight cadavers looking for the anatomical relations of the lesser occipital nerve. The results showed that the head and face pain originating from the ventral ramus of the second cervical nerve (C2) can be explained in three different ways: (1) through anatomical regional peculiarities which make it vulnerable to mechanisms of compression and stretching; (2) through the relationship between C2 ventral ramus, the superior cervical ganglion, and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve; (3) through clinical evidence related to painful sensibility.The authors emphasize the possible role of the lesser occipital nerve on the genesis of cervicogenic headache. It is expected that the conclusions reached will be of help to clinical studies of headache. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070207
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070301
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Item analysis as a basis for weighting examination questions (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Weighting questions ; tests ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Not all tost questions are of equal importance and, therefore, should not be weighted equally. To determine weight, a method has been used in which the weight of each question is based on what the class as a whole learned from what was presented in lectures, laboratories, and assigned reading material. Multiple choice written tests are machine-graded and the percentage of students correctly answering each question is used as the weighting factor. Important basic material that is emphasized in lecture or that can readily be recognized by the students as important will be weighted high if most students learn it. Questions about small details that are not stressed will be weighted low if few students learn that detail. However, questions on poorly taught material will be weighted low if the students do riot learn it, even if material is important. Students who just memorize detail but do not understand what is important will not gain from this method. Since the methods weights the question based on what the class as a whole learned, the students think it is fair. Students are more willing to learn when they believe trey are being treated fairly. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070208
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fascias of the male external genitalia and perineum (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): urinary extravasation ; proposed terminology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The fascias of the male external genitalia and perineum serve as surgical landmarks and are considered to act as initial barriers to urinary extravasation; thus they are of fundamental importance to the urologist and anatomist. There is little agreement, however, about the naming and function of these fascias because they have been defined inconsistently. The extensive use of eponyms for the fascias adds even further confusion to the proper nomenclature. Our findings, based upon dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), show that except for the single layer of dartos (smooth muscle) in the scrotum, there are two distinct layers of fascia in the penis and perineum that are continuous with each other and the anterior wall fascias. To minimize confusion, we conclude that the fascial layrs around the penis be termed the superficial and deep penile fascias, and those to which they are continuous in the perineum be termed the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia (the fibrous stratum that traverses the superficial fascia) and the deep perineal fascia. Their presumed role in limiting urinary extravasation is based upon relatively few well-detailed report and currently remains poorly understood. However, this may be improved upon in the future through combined application of clinical findings and MRI to individual cases of urinary extravasation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070302
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Untreated uveal melanoma and its metastatic spread: A case report (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): cranial ; MRI ; melanocyte ; ocular ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A patient with suspected uveal melanoma died 18 months after refusing all treatment. Since this disease rarely goes untreated, its undeterred spread is of clinical interest. At the request of the patient's family and physician, we set out to verify the type, location, and extent of the tumor, and the cause of death. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient's head, followed by dissection and microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary uveal melanoma. There were large masses in the frontal part of the cranium which apparently had metastasized from the primary uveal tumor via vascular or lymphatic pathways since there were no direct extensions of the primary tumor beyond the orbital musculotendinous cuff. Metastases found in the liver, kidney, and vertebrae, is the absence of cervical, thoracic, and abdominal lymph node involvement, indicated the likelihood of hematogenous spread although small subpleural metastases were found in the lung. The cause of death appeared to be acute myocardial infarction due to obstruction of both coronary arteries and was unrelated to the malignancy.Although MRI has been proposed as an important tool for diagnosing uveal melanoma, our findings indicate the need for caution. Misleading signal intensities resulting from variable pigmentation in these tumors impair diagnosis. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070303
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 171-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070312
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dr. Xian-Hua Gao (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 167-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070311
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of mesothelial stomata in the rat (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): serous membranes ; peritoneal stomata ; diaphragmatic absorption ; diaphragmatic lymphatics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In 15 rats the morphology and distribution of stomata and mesothelial cells of the diaphragm and of different serosal areas were studied by light and electron microscopy. Cell surface patterns, identified by SEM, varied according to location. Mesothelial cells of the diaphragmatic peritoneum were either cuboidal or flattened. Stomata were found only among cuboidal cells and were consistently and exclusively observed on the muscular part of the diaphragm, predominantly on the peritoneal surface. Stomata appeared oval or rounded, 4-10 μm in diameter. When India ink was introduced into the peritoneal cavity as a tracer, carbon particles were rapidly removed through stomata into the subjacent lymphatic lacunae of the diaphragm. Mesothelium overlying the diaphragm differed morphologically from that over the remaining peritoneal and pleural cavities. Mesothelium of the latter formed a continuous sheet of flattened cells whose surfaces were studded with numerous microvilli. Stomata were absent. It is suggested that stomata are exclusive to the diaphragm and may serve as the main drainage channels for fluid and particles from the peritoneal cavity. This has important clinical implications. Thus stomata could represent a liability by providing a route for the escape of tumor cells and pathogens from the peritoneal cavity. However, they may represent an asset by providing an accessible route for blood transfusion and for peritoneal dialysis in treating chronic renal failure. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070404
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vascular anomalies of first and second unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta: A case study (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): angiology ; cardiovascular (arterial) system ; anatomical anomaly ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A description is given of anomalies in the first two unpaired midline branches of the abdominal aorta. The celiac trunk was unusually long. It gave a small branch which passed to the left crus of the diaphragm. This branch also gave the left superior suprarenal artery. The main trunk of the celiac trunk ended in a T-shaped bifurcation; one limb of the T was the right gastric artery and the other gave off the hepatic artery proper and continued as the gastrorduodenal and pancreatico-duodenal system, as usual. No left gastric artery was found. Of special note is the particularly rare anomalous origin of the splenic artery from the superior mesenteric artery. The vessels involved in this anomalous system were measured. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070407
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Operative anatomy, by Carol Scott-Connor and David L. Dawson. 694 pp. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1993. $99.00 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 226-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070409
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070501
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arterial supply of the latissimus dorsi muscle: A comparative study in human, sheep, dog, and pig (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): latissimus dorsi muscle ; arterial supply ; cardiomyoplasty ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The latissimus dorsi muscle (LD) has been the subject of numerous studies, especially because of its variety of possible applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery.The clinical use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and cardiomyoplasty has raised completely new questions in recent years. It was the aim of our study to find an optimal model for animal experiments for this cardiosurgical method, in which the LD is completely removed from its origin and transferred into the thorax. For this purpose, we compared the LD's arterial supply in animals used in experimental surgery, the sheep, dog, and pig, with the LD's supply in human.For studying the arteries of the LD macroscopically and by X-ray, we used an injection solution of latex and barium sulfate. After injection of the solution the vascularization was photographically documented. Subsequently, the muscle was detached from the neurovascular pedicle and prepared for radiological examination of the arterial vascularization.The planimetric computer-assisted identification of the various areas supplied by arterial branches was based on these radiograms. In order to also assess the weight of the supplied parts, the muscles were gravimetrically analyzed.The study showed that the blood supply in pig is very similar to that of man. This species, therefore, would be best suited for experimental cardiomyoplasty. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070504
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Real minimal diameter of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebral pedicles (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): pedicles ; morphometry ; thoracolumbar ; spine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Transpedicular screw fixation is a widely used method in vertebral surgery, but it suffers from complications due to mismatches between the screw and pedicle. Therefore, information on the real minimal diameter of pedicle is needed for the development of instrumentation techniques and implantable devices. A total of 4,212 measurements from 1,404 pedicles of 702 human vertebrae were made from thoracic (T11, T12) to lumbar (L1-L5). We found that there was a real minimal diameter which was different from the vertical and transverse diameters of pedicles. This is the smallest diameter which cannot be definitely determined by the imaging methods currently in use, such as anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, and computed tomography; direct measurements excepted. Based on these results, we suggest that neither vertical nor transverse diameter gives accurate measurements of minimal diameter. However, minimal diameter size may be estimated using the ratio of vertical or transverse diameter to minimal diameter reported in this study for each level. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070508
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Special variations of the lateral ligament the human TMJ (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): temporomandibular joint ; temporomandibular ligament ; external lateral ligament ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Opinions about the presence of a bandlike structure or a ligament in the lateral part of the temporomandibular joint capsule are divergent. In an attempt to find a definition for this structure, the capsules of 20 post mortem human specimens were examined both anatomically and histologically. The density of collagen tissue was investigated in detail with the aim to establish characteristics by which a structure can be classified objectively as a ligament.While there is still some uncertainty about its masticatory function, the lateral (temporomandibular) ligament influences and limits the border movements of the mandible. The macroscopic investigations showed that 70% (14) of the temporomandibular joints exhibited an obvious ligament. In the rest of the cases (6) only a thin, indistinct structure could be observed. In those with macroscopically obvious ligaments, 35.7% (5) were characterized by sharp borders forming a cord-like structure.The histological observations did not confirm in all cases the findings of the macroscopic investigations. Only 57% of the macroscopically identified ligaments could be classified as such histologically. They were formed of thick, closely packed, parallel collagenous bundles with a regular pattern.This study confirms the variable existence of a lateral ligament in the human TMJ. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070507
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomy of membranous ventricular septum in the human heart (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): human heart ; membranous ventricular septum (MVS) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: One of the most common congenital abnormalities of the human heart is a defect in the development of the membranous part of the ventricular septum which, in this study, is designated the MVS. The WS is a thin fibrous membrane, about 1 cm long, which extends upward and to the right from the muscular ventricular septum to the adjacent part of the aortic fibrous annulus that also gives attachment to the right posterior (noncoronary) and anterior (right coronary) aortic valve cusps. It is of considerable clinical importance that there lies between the muscular ventricular septum and the MVS the atrioventricular (AV) bundle of the cardiac conduction system. The MVS has an irregular quadrangular form and has right and left surfaces. This study is based on macroscopic and histological sections of more than 30 normal and abnormal hearts. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070602
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytoarchitecture of diabetic myopathy during the pathogenesis of the disease: Fast versus slow muscle (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): diabetic neuropathy ; C57 BL/KsJ dbm mouse ; extensor digitorum longus ; soleus ; denervation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Diabetic patients exhibit varying degrees of peripheral neuropathy. One of the sequelae of the neuropathy is muscle weakness in the lower limbs, described either as diabetic amyotrophy if the weakness affects the proximal musculature, or motor neuropathy if it affects the distal musculature. The weakness is thought to be related to metabolic disturbances of the disease and changes in the peripheral nerve. In animal models of diabetes, degeneration of myofibers and imyoneural junctions has been noted in both fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL), and slow (soleus, SOL) muscles. However, observations of changes in skeletal muscle during the pathogenesis of the disease have not been made in either human or animal models of diabetes. It is the purpose of this study to compare the time course in the pathogenesis of diabetic myopathy in these two different types of muscles. Soleus and EDL muscles from 6, 14, and 24+-week-old C57BL/KsJ-db/db and db/+ female mice (N = 12/group) were fixed in situ, processed using standard electron microscopic procedures, and analyzed under the electron microscope. Although both muscles exhibited signs of degeneration, disruption of the mitochondria, and excessive lipid stores, the initial onset and the extent of the myopathy were delayed in soleus. In addition, fewer myofibers in the soleus muscle exhibited signs of denervation and reinnervation. Therefore, diabetic myopathy is progressive during the pathogenesis of the disease but SOL appears to be more resistant to progression of the disease. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070606
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical gross anatomy: A guide for dissection study and review, by G.L. Colborn and J.E. Skandalakis. 581 pp. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group Inc., 1993. $29.95 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 7 (1994), S. 373-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980070611
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nuclear dynamics of parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 20 and 40 hours and activated with combined ethanol and cycloheximide treatment (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Aging oocytes ; Pronuclei ; Cattle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Bovine oocytes matured in vitro (IVM) for 20 hr vs. 40 hr were treated for activation with 7% ethanol in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline for 5 min followed by incubation in M199 + 7.5% fetal calf serum containing cycloheximide (10 μg/ml). TreatedIVM oocytes and the controls (no ethanol and cycloheximide exposures) were fixed after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 20 hr of incubation and stained 24 hr later with 1% acetoorcein to examine nuclear events. Different stages of nuclear development of the activated oocytes were identified on the basis of nuclear and chromosomal morphology. Pronuclear development was classified into four stages (PN I, II, III, and IV) according to pronuclear progression in chromatin decondensation, nucleoplasm appearance, and nuclear size. The results demonstrated that the combined activation treatment effectively drove the IVM oocytes, both young (20 hr) and aging (40 hr), out of metaphase arrest. The activation rates for young oocytes examined immediately after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 20 hr of incubation with cycloheximide were, respectively, 7%, 24%, 77%, 96%, 92%, 97%, 98%, 93%, and 98%. For aging oocytes (40 hr) the corresponding activation values at the same time intervals were 6%, 84%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 98%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those for the corresponding controls. The activated aging oocytes achieved peak activation response more rapidly than did young oocytes. In addition, nuclear events in aging oocytes proceeded faster than those in young ones. Spontaneous activation rates of the aging oocytes were also higher (6-57%) than those of the young ones (0-14%). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370109
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Translational activity of mouse protamine 1 messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in the reticulocyte and wheat germ cell-free translation systems (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 12-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatids ; Translational regulation ; mRNPs ; Translational initiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Protamine 1 mRNAs are inactivated by a block to the initiation of translation in early spermatids and are translationally active in late spermatids in mice. To determine whether translation of protamine 1 mRNAs is inhibited by a protein repressor, the translational activity of ribonucleoprotein particles and deproteinized RNAs were compared in the reticulocyte and wheat germ cell-free translation lysates. To isolate RNPs, cytoplasmic extracts of total testes were fractionated by large-pore gel filtration chromatography. Ribonucleoprotein particles in the excluded fractions stimulated synthesis of radiolabeled translation products for protamine 1 about twofold less effectively than deproteinized RNAs in the reticulocyte lysate, but were inactive in the wheat germ lysate. The ability of translationally repressed protamine 1 ribonucleoprotein particles to form initiation complexes with 80S ribosomes in the reticulocyte lysate was also measured. Protamine 1 ribonucleoprotein particles isolated by gel filtration and in unfractionated cytoplasmic extracts of early spermatids were nearly as active in forming initiation complexes as deproteinized mRNAs. The isolation of ribonucleoprotein particles in buffers of varying ionic strength, protease inhibitors, and several other variables had no major effect on the ability of protamine 1 ribonucleoprotein particles to form initiation complexes in the reticulocyte lysate. These results can be explained by artifacts in the isolation or assay of ribonucleoprotein particles or by postulating that protamine 1 mRNAs are inactivated by a mechanism that does not involve protein repressors, such as sequestration. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370103
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro-cultured bovine granulosa and oviductal cells secrete sperm motility-maintaining factor(s) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 54-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Cattle ; Cumulus oophorus ; Folicular fluid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Since bovine cumulus oophorous and oviductual cell cultures are known to support and maintain frozen-thawed bovine sperm viability and motility for extended time periods, we investigated whether granulosa cell (GC)- and oviductual cell (OC)-conditioned media have similar effects. GC and OC were cultured for 3 days in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. At that time, the supernatant was discarded from GC and the monolayers were covered with Sp-TALP medium containing 6 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, while the OC were recovered by centrifugation and transferred to culture bottles containing Sp-TALP. Two days later, GC-conditioned and OC-conditioned Sp-TALP were recovered and dialyzed, and their retentates were lyophilized. Bovine follicular fluid (BFF) was also dialyzed, and its retentate was lyophilized. When sperm were incubated in GC- or OC-conditioned media, motility remained above 62% and 42% at 6 hr and 30 hr, respectively, and motility was higher than that of the control both at 6 hr (39%; P 〈 0.001) and at 30 hr (9%; P 〈 0.0001). Similarly, when sperm were incubated in the lyophilized retentates of GC- and OC-conditioned media and in BFF at a dose of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/ml, the motility rates were higher both at 6 hr (P 〈 0.05) and at 30 hr (P 〈 0.01) compared to the control. The increase in motility was dose dependent; a 1.0 mg/ml dose improved (P 〈 0.05) motility compared to a 0.1 mg mg/ml dose. Heat treatment of the retentates of GC, OC, and BFF at 55°C for 30 min did not destroy their ability to support and maintain motility. However, heating at 100°C for 5 min destroyed their ability to support motility. Molecular sieving of retentates on Sephancryl S-300 yielded fractions that were highly effective (P 〈 0.01) in enhancing and maintaining motility compared to the other fractions. In conclusion, GC and OC secrete nondialyzable, heat-labile factor(s), which support and maintain sperm viability and motility for up to 30 hr. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370108
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatin condensation in hamster sperm: A flow cytometric investigation (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatin condensation ; DNA packaging ; Spermatozoa ; Hamster ; Acridine orange ; Flow cytometry ; Bromobimane ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In this study we have used acridine orange staining, as described by Evenson (1990), to follow changes in DNA packaging as they occur in hamster spermatozoa which have left the testis and are undergoing maturation in the epididymis. Measurement of the green and red fluorescent intensities of hamster sperm nuclei by flow cytometry demonstrated a decrease in acridine orange binding to DNA as sperm made their way from proximal corpus epididymis to the vas deferens. Using sperm from the cauda epididymis of the mature hamster as the standard, a method was developed for estimating the % of cells in a given sample that have matured with regard to DNA packaging. Staining with bromobimane was used to determine the extent of sulfhydryl oxidation in the nuclei. It was seen that sulfhydryl oxidation occurred mainly in the cauda epididymis whereas another process in chromatin condensation occurred earlier, during sperm passage through the caput epididymis. This earlier process could be mimicked by incubating sperm nuclei with alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that it consists of removal of phosphate in protamine. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370113
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contractile proteins and nonerythroid spectrin in oogenesis of Xenopus laevis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Oocyte growth ; Oocyte maturation ; Egg ; Actin ; Myosin ; Spectrin ; Animal-vegetal polarity ; Cortex ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The distribution of contractile proteins, actin and myosin, and an actin-binding protein, spectrin, was studied in oogenesis of Xenopus laevis. These proteins are present in oocytes already at the previtellogenic stages, which are characterized by their diffuse distribution. The localization of proteins changed with the beginning of vitellogenesis. At all vitellogenic stages, including the fully grown oocyte, animal-vegetal differences were noted in localization of actin and myosin: in the animal hemisphere they appear as fibrillar-like structures, while in the vegetal one they are localized around the yolk platelets. By the end of the oocyte's growth, a cortical gradient appeared: predominant localization of actin and myosin in the cortical area. As the oocyte maturation proceeded, the distribution of actin and myosin again became diffuse and nonuniform, so that a cortical gradient appears. At the beginning of vitellogenesis spectrin is distributed as a network all over the ooplasm, while in the fully grown oocyte it is localized mostly in teh subcortical area of the animal hemisphere and, as individual inclusions, in other regions of the oocyte. No spectrin is found by the end of maturation. Actin, myosin, and spectrin are also present in the oocyte's nuclei. Changes in the distribution of contractile proteins and spectrin during oocyte maturation are discussed with respect to the development of cortical contractility, as well as to the changes in spatial distribution of yolk platelets and regional sensitivity of the maturing oocyte to cytochalasin B. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370114
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of a cell surface glycoprotein associated with maturation of rat spermatozoa (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 110-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Sperm ; Glycoprotein ; GPI ; Maturation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The principal galactose oxidase/NaB[3H]4-labeled membrane protein of rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa was isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The protein is released from the membrane by the action of phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C, and thereby its properties are transformed from those of a protein anchored to the hydrophobic membrane to those of a hydrophilic solution protein. Because it is the only membrane-associated protein released by the enzyme which did not absorb to a propylaspartate resin, a simple, single step purification procedure was devised.Although the amino terminus of the protein is blocked to Edman degradation, the majority of the protein structure was determined from a series of tryptic peptides and from limited acid hydrolysis. Approximately 65% of the protein mass is carbohydrate which is primarily attached through O-glycosidic bonds to the 18 threonines. The molecular weight of the glycoprotein was estimated to be 16,600, considerably smaller than the Mr = 26,000 to 37,000 previously determined by gel electrophoresis. The anomalous electrophoretic behavior is undoubtedly due to the large percentage of carbohydrate. The distribution of carbohydrate on the protein side chains suggests the protein may form a positively charged, specialized scaffolding for the presentation of the carbohydrate moieties. Because the appearance of the ability to label the protein with galactose oxidase is correlated with sperm maturation in the epididymis, the glycoprotein structures may be an important componetn in the fertilization process. The combination of linkage by glycosylphosphatidylinositol and low molecular weight mucin-like structure indicates this may be a member of a new class of membrane proteins. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370115
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370201
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ten years plant molecular biology, edited by Robert Schilperoort and Leon Dure, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL, 1992, 199 pp, $65 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 120-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370120
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between sperm nucleus remodelling and cell cycle progression of fragments of mouse parthenogenotes (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 146-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Fertilization ; Sperm Remodelling ; Oocyte Fragments ; Cybrids ; Mouse ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Nucleate and anucleate fragments of parthenogenetically activated mouse oocytes, as well as cybrids obtained by fusion of anucleate fragments (cytoplasts) of maturing and activated matured oocytes were fertilized at different time after activation. Remodelling of the sperm nucleus was studied by electron microscopy at 1.5 and 3 h after fertilization and, in addition, at 14 h in cybrids. Results show that (1) the nuclear envelope of the sperm nucleus can break down when the insemination takes place after the end of M-phase, but the capacity of the parthenote cytoplasm to remodel the sperm nucleus is restricted in time. (2) Male chromatin can decondense within the old, unbroken nuclear envelope, but in such cases formation of a male pronucleus, one of the two nuclei of zygote possessing inactive nucleoli, is never observed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370205
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Major human epididymis-specific gene product, HE3, is the first representative of a novel gene family (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 130-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Human Epididymis ; HE genes ; Gene family ; Pseudogene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Differential screening of a human epididymal cDNA library led to the isolation and characterization of a major epididymis-specific cDNA clone family, referred to as HE3. More detailed sequence and PCR analysis identified two different but homologous gene transcripts, HE3α and HE3β. The former represents an mRNA of ca. 1 kb, encoding a putative small secretory polypeptide of 14903 MW. The HE3β transcript was only found as incomplete 3′ fragments. Analysis of human genomic DNA by Southern blotting suggested the presence in the human genome of at least three independent HE3-related genes. Isolation of genomic clones for the HE3α gene showed this to contain a single intron of 1.4 kb in the 5′ noncoding region. Although genomic clones corresponding to HE3β could not be found, a third highly homologous gene, HE3γ, was identified as a potential pseudogene. Neither nucleotide nor encoded amino acid sequences of the HE3 gene family are related to any other known sequence in the central databases, and thus represents a novel human gene family, with at least three nonallelic members. Northern hybridization analysis showed that HE3 gene products are specifically expressed in the human epididymis, and not in any other tissue examined. Furthermore, except for the pig, no other nonprimate species has been identified to express homologous sequences in the epididymis. RNase protection assays showed that both the HE3α and HE3β, but not the HE3γ genes, are expressed in the human epididymis. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370203
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor is expressed during testicular morphogenesis and in germ cells at specific stages of spermatogenesis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Neurotrophin receptors ; Testis development ; Spermatogenesis ; Male germ cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for neuronal development and differentiation. Recent reports have shown that its low-affinity receptor (LNGFR) is expressed and developmentally regulated in a broad range of embryonic and adult tissues outside the nervous system, although the functions of the receptor in such tissues remain unknown. Recently, NGF and LNGFR have been detected in adult mouse, rat, and human testis.The results of the present work demonstrate that LNGFR is expressed much before the onset of spermatogenesis in both mouse and rat testis. In situ hybridization shows that the mRNA for LNGFR is expressed in the peritubular cells of the embryonic mouse testis. Immunohistochemical analysis of the rat testis shows LNGFR-expressing cells to be scattered in the intertubular compartment in the embryonic testis, and to become organized in a cellular layer that surrounds myoid cells of the seminiferous tubules during postnatal development. Furthermore, in peripuberal and adult mouse and rat testis we have identified the expression of an abundant and shorter mRNA of 3.2 kb that cross hybridizes to the low-affinity NGF receptor transcript (3.7 kb). This shorter mRNA species, which appears at the beginning of spermatogenesis in the adult, has been identified by in situ hybridization and by Northern blot with RNA isolated from homogeneous populations of meiotic germ cells to be expressed by pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Our results suggest a complex developmental role for LNGFR during testicular morphogenesis and identify the expression, at specific stages of spermatogenesis, of a new germ cell - specific transcript homologous to the receptor RNA. © 1994 Wiiey-Liss, inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370206
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunolocalization of proacrosin/acrosin in rabbit sperm during acrosome reaction and in spermatozoa recovered from the perivitelline space (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Acrosin ; Acrosome reaction ; Rabbit sperm ; Perivitelline spermatozoa ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The participation of acrosin in mammalian sperm penetration through the zona pellucida has been amply debated. In this paper we report the immunolocalization - by silver enhanced immunogold technique using ACRO-8C10 monoclonal antibody to human acrosin - of proacrosin/acrosin on ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa incubated in vitro in a capacitating medium and on spermatozoa recovered from the perivitelline space. After incubation in a capacitating medium, four different patterns were observed: (1) no labeling on acrosome intact spermatozoa; (2) labeling on the rim of the head; (3) labeling on the whole acrosome area; and (4) no labeling on acrosome reacted spermatozoa. At the start of incubation, spermatozoa with pattern 1 were the most abundant, whereas at the end of the 32 h incubation period, patterns 2 and 3 were the most frequent. On the other hand, 625 perivitelline spermatozoa were recovered from 17 fertilized rabbit eggs, of which 26% were labeled with the anti-acrosin monoclonal antibody ACRO-8C10 in two different areas: (1) only on the equatorial region; and (2) only on the postacrosomal area. These results are consistent with the idea that proacrosin/acrosin remains associated to the acrosome reacted spermatozoa for long periods of time, and that proacrosin/acrosin associated to perivitelline spermatozoa could be responsible for the second penetration of fresh rabbit eggs by perivitelline spermatozoa. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370213
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