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  • 1980-1984  (3,160)
  • 1980  (3,160)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,926)
  • Engineering  (233)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 244-258 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of stainless cast alloys under combined mechanical and corrosive attackIn media with 3000 mg B/1 (as boric acid, H3BO3) and varying chloride contents down to 1 mg Cl-/1 13%-Cr-steels show pitting. Under constant load cracks appear simultaneously. As can be expected, 17%-Cr-steels are more resistant and duplex ferritic austenitic steels exhibit no corrosion cracking in 3% NaCl-solution even after 10 000 hrs. Generally, corrosion resistance improves with increasing contents of ferrite forming elements. Corrosion cracks are interpreted in termes of anodic stress corrosion cracking. Notch impact bending tests with hydrogen charged specimens show that deformability is reduced.
    Notes: 13%-Cr-Stähle zeigen in Lösungen mit 3000 mg B/1 (als Borsäure, H3BO3) und unterschiedlichen Chloridgehalten Lochkorrosion bis herab zu Konzentrationen von 1 mg Cl-/1. Bei mechanischer Zugbeanspruchung treten gleichzeitig Risse auf. 17%-Cr-Stähle sind erwartungsgemäß beständiger und ferritisch-austenitische Stähle zeigen in 3% NaCl-Lösung auch im 10 000 h-Versuch keine Korrosionsrisse. Generell steigt die Beständigkeit mit zunehmendem Anteil an ferritbildenden Elementen. Die Korrosionsrisse werden als anodische Spannungsrißkorrosion interpretiert. Kerbschlagbiegeversuche mit wasserstoffbeladenen Proben ergeben eine Abnahme des Verformungsvermögens.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 269-274 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dimensionierung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffes unter Thermoschock im Hinblick auf GrenzflächenrisseDer Einfluß des Mischungsgrades von Faser und Matrix auf das Thermoschockverhalten von Glasfaser- und SiC-Faser-Aluminium-Verbundstoffen wurde berechnet. Der Mischungsgrad, der die höchste Rißausbreitungskraft für einen Grenzflächenriß zwischen Faser und Matrix liefert und damit am gefährlichsten ist, wurde theoretisch bestimmt.
    Notes: The influence of the variation of the fibre radius on the thermo-shock resistance has been calculated analytically. A glass fibre and a Sic-fibre embedded in an aluminium matrix are compared. The radius yielding maximal crack extension forces for an interface crack between the fibre and the matrix has been calculated theoretically.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 293-303 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of Stress Intensity Factor KI by means of Photoelastic TechniqueA survey is given of the methods applied for determining stress intensity factor KI by means of photo-elasticity. In this connection the scope of validity and the accuracy of these methods are discussed.
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über die Methoden zur spannungsoptischen Ermittlung des Spannungsintensitätsfaktors KI gegeben. Hierbei werden Gültigkeitsbereich und Genauigkeit dieser Methoden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A70 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Levelling Processes on the Mechanical Behaviour of Spring AlloysLevelling processes - that means straightening of wire or level rolling of strip - have an impairing effect on the Rp0,2 and Rp0,1 proof strength of cold worked spring alloys and on the hysteresis behaviour of flat springs respectively. SEM and TEM investigations indicate that recovery is initiated by levelling processes and is intensified by a subsequent age hardening treatment. This may lead to a modification of age hardening behaviour and effectivity for those alloys which show different age hardening mechanisms in the cold worked and recovered state respectively.The detrimental influence of level rolling on the hysteresis behaviour is found to be due to an increased subgrain size after age hardening treatment.The results show that improvement of geometry by levelling processes is only possible at the cost of decreased spring properties.
    Notes: Das Richten kaltverformter Federlegierungen in Draht- und Bandform führt zu einer Beeinträchtigung der makroskopischen Dehngrenzen dieser Werkstoffe bzw. des Hystereseverhaltens von Blattfedern. Durch Untersuchungen im REM und TEM wird nachgewiesen, daß beim Richten eine Erholung ausgelöst und während einer anschließenden Aushärtungsbehandlung verstärkt wird. Bei Legierungen mit unterschiedlichem Aushärtungsmechanismus in kaltverformtem und erholtem Zustand kann daraus eine Änderung des Aushärtverhaltens und der Aushärteffektivität resultieren.Als Ursache eines negativen Einflusses des Richtens auf das Hystereseverhalten wird eine Zunahme der Subkorngröße nach Aushärtung gerichteter Proben festgestellt.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß mit einer Verbesserung der Geometrie durch Richten eine Verschlechterung der Federeigenschaften in Kauf genommen werden muß.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A78 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 374-378 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Yield Criterion for Thermoplastics Part I: Anisotropic Yield CriterionStarting form the theory of the plastic potential, a yield criterion is proposed for solids that are both anisotropic and hydrostatic pressure dependent in regard to macroscopic yield behaviour. A Bauschingertensor is introduced in order to describe the mechanical behaviour of materials in which the uniaxial yield strength depends on the sign of stress. Theoretical yield curves are discussed on the basis of orthotropic behaviour and are compared with experimental results. If the solid is plastically isotropic the anisotropic cofficients described by tensors of rank two and four may be taken as a linear combination of a isotropic tensor of order two. The corresponding isotropic yield condition is succesfully applied to the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the shear, compressive, and tensile yield strength of thermoplastics.In the first part of this paper the anisotropic yield behaviour is investigated.
    Notes: Ausgehend von der Theorie des plastischen Potentials ist eine Fließbedingung für anisotrope Polymerwerkstoffe, deren Fließverhalten vom hydrostatischen Druck abhängt, angegeben. Ein „Bauschinger-Tensor“ wird zur Beschreibung einachsiger, vom Vorzeichen der Beanspruchung abhängiger Fließgrenzen eingeführt. Theoretische Fließkurven sind für den orthotropen Fall untersucht und mit experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Für einen plastisch isotropen Werkstoff können die durch Tensoren zweiter und vierter Stufe dargestellten Anisotropiekoeffizienten als Linearkombination eines isotropen Tensors zweiter Stufe angegeben werden. Die entsprechende isotrope Fließbedingung wird zur Beschreibung des Einflusses des hydrostatischen Drucks auf Schub-, Druck- und Zugfließgrenzen von Thermoplasten angewendet.Im Teil I dieser Arbeit ist das anisotrope Fließverhalten untersucht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A84 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 400-411 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Theoretic-numerical Stress Analysis and Failure Assessment of Pressure VesselsAn extensive research program has been conducted to technically evaluate the burst behaviour of model vessels with nozzles as a function of the dimensions and material toughness. As a supplement of this program, the stresses in the vicinity of the nozzle under internal pressure were analysed using the Finite Element Method. The ratio of the wall thickness of the vessel and nozzle were varied. By applying different failure hypotheses, the trend of the experimental burst pressure with temperature could be established.
    Notes: Zur Ergänzung eines umfangreichen Forschungsprogramms, dessen Ziel war, sicherheitstechnisch das Berstverhalten von Modellbehältern mit Stutzen in Abhängigkeit von deren Dimensionierung und der Zähigkeit der benutzten Werkstoffe auszuwerten, wurden die unter Innendruck auftretenden lokalen Beanspruchungen im Stutzenbereich mit Hilfe der Methode der Finiten Elemente analysiert. Hierbei wurde das Verhältnis der Wanddicken von Klöpperboden und Stutzen variiert. Durch Anwendung verschiedener Versagenshypothesen konnte der experimentell ermittelte Verlauf des Berstdrucks über der Temperatur in der Tendenz bestätigt werden.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 111
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A82 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Meßanordnung zur Aufstellung von Kontaktkorrosions-Tabellen - Werkstoffkombinationen in Meer- und BrackwasserDer Einsatz von Konstruktionen und Apparaten in Mischbauweise wirft die oft schwierige Frage auf, welche Werkstoffe sich ohne Gefahr einer Kontaktkorrosion miteinander kombinieren lassen.Mit der in Zukunft zu erwartenden ansteigenden Verwendung von Meer- und Brackwasser als Kühlmittel für industrielle Zwecke ist die Kenntnis über das korrosionschemische Verhalten von Werkstoffkombinationen gerade in diesen Medien von Interesse.Es wurde eine automatisch arbeitende Meßeinrichtung entwickelt, welche die Erfassung der freien Korrosionspotentiale der einzelnen Werkstoffe, des Mischpotentials der kurzgeschlossenen Werkstoffkombinationen und des fließenden Elementstromes in einer größeren Zahl von Meßzellen gestattet.Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse, insbesondere die Elementstromdichte, erlauben gegenüber den bisher vielfach angewendeten praktischen Spannungsreihen eine wesentlich verbesserte Aussage über die Größe der zu erwartenden Kontaktkorrosionsionsrate.Die mit dieser Meßeinrichtung gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden in einer neuen Art dargestellt und in sogenannten Kontaktkorrosions-Tabellen für eine Vielzahl von Werkstoffkombinationen zusammengefaßt.
    Notes: For better estimates of the galvanic corrosion hazard a method is described which allows measurement and recording of the individual potentials, the mixed corrosion potential and the element current of conductively jointed metal couples in electrolytes.The data acquired from numerous couples of materials can be compiled into galvanic corrosion tables for different aggressive media which represent the galvanic corrosion behaviour in a considerably improved, more quantitative form than the previously used potentials listed in the “practical” electromotive series.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 113
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A87 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of Fracture Mechanics for the Improvement of the Life Time of Forming DiesAn investigation was undertaken to determine the life times of dies when these life times are determined by crack propagation from such stress raisers as notches. Notched DCB specimens were used to investigate the processes of crack initiation and propagation in the high temperature steel X 40 CrMo V 51 at 500°C. The results showed that the life times depend both on the heat treatment of the material and also on the length of hold time at temperature. Hold times during the forming process should be minimized in order to avoid fast creep crack propagation.
    Notes: Die Lebensdauer von Werkzeugen in der Umformtechnik wird in vielen Fällen durch die Entstehung von Rissen begrenzt, die in Gebieten mit hohen Spannungen wie Kerben auftreten. Zur Bestimmung der Lebensdauer wurden an gekerbten Proben aus dem Warmarbeitsstahl X 40CrMo V 51 bei 500°C Rißeinleitung und Rißfortschritt untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß die Lebensdauer einerseits von der Wärmebehandlung des Gesenkwerkstoffes, andererseits von der Haltezeit beim Umformen abhängt. Die Haltezeiten sollten so kurz wie möglich sein, um schnelles Kriechrißwachstum zu vermeiden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 446-450 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Relationship between Piston Ring Fracture and Piston Ring Flank Wear AccelerationIn wear measuring experiments on diesel engines a relationship between the fracture of the first piston ring and the wear acceleration of the ring flank of the same piston ring was found.A special series of the experiments was designed to clarify this connexion. The results from both the initial experiments and the extra series of experiments are described.
    Notes: Es wurde eine Korrelation zwischen dem Bruch des 1. Kompressionsringes eines Dieselmotors und der Ringflanken-Verschleißbeschleunigung des Kolbenringes gefunden. Es werden die Versuchsergebnisse geschildert, die die ersten Hinweise lieferten sowie die Ergebnisse einer Versuchsserie zur Absicherung der gefundenen Korrelation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 117
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A95 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 118
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A23 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture Behaviour of SteelsCrack formation during production or by monotonic, cyclic, chemical and thermal loading during service. Stable and unstable crack propagation. Clivage, dimple, intercristalline and fatigue fracture. Influence of temperature, loading conditions and microstructure on the transition from tough to brittle fracture behaviour.
    Notes: Rißbildung während der Fertigung oder durch monotone, schwingende, chemische und thermische Beanspruchung im Betrieb. Stabile und instabile Rißausbreitung. Spaltbruch, Wabenbruch, interkristalliner Bruch und Schwingungsbruch. Einfluß von Temperatur, Beanspruchungsart und Gefüge auf den Übergang vom zähen zum spröden Bruchverhalten.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 122
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Beitrag zur Eigenschaftskennzeichnung von HochtemperaturlötverbindungenDie durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum Festigkeitsverhalten geben Aufschluß über die Versagensstadien während des Belastungsvorganges. Neben metallographischen und fraktographischen Untersuchungen werden begleitende Schallemissionsmessungen zur Deutung herangezogen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse an den gelöteten Verbindungen - Ni Cr 20 Ti Al/BNi-5 - zeigen, daß anhand der aufgeschlüsselten Schallsignale eine Bewertung der Qualität der Verbindung nach einer kurzen Belastungsperiode bereits möglich ist. Zudem werden Hinweise gegeben, den bisher notwendigen Prüfaufwand durch Einsatz der Schallemissionsanalyse erheblich zu reduzieren.
    Notes: Investigations performed to study the strength behaviour supply informations about the failure pattern under loading. Beside metallographic and fractographic investigations acoustic emission measurements are used for interpretation. The results obtained for brazed joints - Ni Cr 20 Ti Al/BNi-5- show by means of the analyzed acoustic signals the possibility to evaluate the quality of a joint after a short loading period. Furthermore, hints were given to reduce the testing expenditure being necessary until now by the application of the acoustic emission analysis remarkably.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 123
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A39 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 124
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 309-311 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der Fasereigenschaften auf das Verhalten eines Grenzflächenrisses in der Einheitszelle und deren Repräsentativität für den realen VerbundwerkstoffDer Einfluß der elastischen Fasereigenschaften auf die Form der Rißcharakteristiken wurde für einen Grenzflächenriß zwischen Faser und Matrix in der Einheitszelle eines Verbundwerkstoffes untersucht.Die Repräsentativität der Einheitszelle für den gesamten Verbund konnte mit dem Verfahren der „finiten Elemente“ nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: The influence of the elastic properties of the fibre on the profile of crack characteristics has been studied for an interface crack between the fibre and the matrix in the unit cell of a composite.The representativity of the unit cell for the whole composite has been proofed by using the method of finite elements.Die Arbeit entstand im Fachbereich 10 der Gesamthochschule Paderborn.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 125
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 342-342 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 126
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. A76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 127
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980), S. 367-373 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Directional Solidifaction a Manufacturing Process for Anisotropic Materials with high Quality MicrostructuresDuring the last few years, directional solidification has become a practical route to the production of materials with special properties. In this paper, some of these anisotropic cast products are presented. The effects of growth conditions on the microstructure are explained. A detailed description of a gradient furnace suitable for directional solidification, is given, allowing the potential user to understand the relations which exist between furnace design, the solidification conditions, and the quality of the microstructure.
    Notes: Seit einigen Jahren hat die gerichtete Erstarrung in der Industrie als Verfahren zur Herstellung von Werkstoffen mit speziellen Eigenschaften einen festen Platz eingenommen. In diesem Artikel werden gerichtet erstarrte Gußprodukte vorgestellt, und die Bedeutung der Erstarrungsbedingungen für das Erstarrungsgefüge wird erläutert. Mit der Beschreibung eines selbstgebauten Gradientenofens soll dem eventuellen Benützer die Möglichkeit geboten werden, den Zusammenhang zwischen Ofenkonstruktion, Erstarrungsprozeß und Gefügequalität zu verstehen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 128
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 11 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 129
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of hydroxyl modifiers on the properties of Diels-Alder adducts-terpene hydrocarbons with maleic anhydride - was studied. The mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of the composition of Epidian 5 epoxy resin hardened with an adduct modified by ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, or hexanetriol are described.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 130
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 41-49 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Helium gas plasma treatment of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) yields much lower peel strength than oxidative treatment using chromic acid and oxygen gas plasma. The practical adhesion, the bondability retention, and the bond durability of oxidatively treated LDPE sheets, bonded with epoxy adhesives, have been compared with those of partially hydrolyzed LDPE-methyl acrylate surface grafts. The oxidized surfaces easily lose the bondability by light rubbing with tissue paper, solvent extraction, heat aging, and artifical weathering, whereas the grafted surfaces retain the bondability. The bondability loss is due to removal of the oxidized layer, and the bondability retention is due to retention of the surface homopolymer layer. Conventional antioxidants stabilize the grafted but not the oxidized surfaces against thermal oxidative degradation. The grafted LDPE joints have much higher bond durability in humid environments than those of the oxidized LDPE joints. The dry and wet peel strengths of oxidized LDPE joints are greatly improved by application of primers consisting of a base epoxy resin and organic solvents. An adhesion mechanism involving penetration of epoxy adhesives into the oxidized layers and subsequent reinforcement of the layers by curing of the penetrated epoxy is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 131
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glow discharge initiation of in situ polymerization of acrylic acid and other vinyl monomers incorporated in PET films was investigatigated. The influence of glow discharge conditions such as the gas used, plasma power, discharge current, and plasma treatment time on polymerization yield was determined. Though glow discharge effects are limited to the film surface, in situ polymerization of the vinyl monomers took place and the vinyl polymer could be found all through the film cross section. At short plasma treatment time only surface modification took place, while at longer treatment time bulk modification occurred, too. Good polymerization yields were obtained. Gel effect behavior was observed. Mechanical properties of the modified PET film were not changed, while the contact angle with water improved when polar vinyl monomers were used.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 132
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetic and thermodynamic constants of the hydrolytic polymerization of ∂-caprolactam were determined by least-squares curve fitting. The calculations were carried out using observed kinetic data such as concentration of ∂-caprolactam ([CL]), endgroup ([EG]), and ∂-aminocaproic acid ([ACA]) and time derivatives of each concentration (rates) ∂[CL]/∂t, ∂[EG]/∂t, and ∂[ACA]/∂t. The sets of the converged constants are obtained for the initial water concentrations of 0.42, 0.82, and 1.18 mole/kg. An averaged set of the constants applicable for this range of the initial composition was also evaluated. The compatibility between observed and calculated concentration and rate curves was improved by the use of the newly developed sets of the constants. The mechanism of the polycondensation reaction is also discussed, based on the rate and kinetic constants obtained by this work.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 133
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 139-147 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low-density polyethylene was blended in various proportions with an ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene copolymer having an ethylene/propylene mole ratio of 4.5 and a low level of crystallinity. The DSC melting peak of polyethylene was decreased, the unit cell was expanded, and the spherulitic development was disturbed. The temperature of a dynamic mechanical loss peak varied smoothly with composition between the Tg of the copolymer and the β-relaxation of the polyethylene, but the glass temperature of the copolymer measured by DSC was unchanged. These effects were all diminished when the ethylene/propylene ratio of the copolymer was reduced. Blends with highdensity polyethylene showed little depression of the melting point or change in crystal structure and much less effect on the dynamic mechanical behavior. However, the behavior of copolymers of ethylene with low levels of vinyl acetate or methyl methacrylate was similar to that of low-density polyethylene. Therefore, the ability to cocrystallize is an important factor for limiting the tendency of nonpolar polymers to separate, thereby facilitating the preparation of blends with desirable combinations of properties.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly-1H,1H-pentadecafuorooctyl methacrylate is a barrier compound used to prevent silicone oil from creeping to relay contacts. It is essentially a methyl methacrylate polymer with a fluorocarbon side chain substituted for one of the methyl hydrogens. It is applied by dipping the part into a solution, with Freon TF as the solvent and the fluorocarbon polymer as the solute. This work considers the spatial distribution of the resulting film of barrier compound when it is deposited in this manner. The specific variables considered are concentration and withdrawal velocity. The samples were withdrawn from the solution with velocity perpendicular to the surface, and we show that the macrosopic uniformity and thickness of the film is dependent on this velocity. There exists a critical velocity (dependent on concentration) above which the film is nonuniform and below which the film is macroscopically uniform. Below the critical velocity, the thickness varies with velocity with approximately a v2/3 dependence. The critical velocity is about 13 mm/sec for a concentration of 0.2%. For macroscopically uniform films, a microscopic nonunitormity exists with a coverage of about 1/4 for an average film thickness of 90 Å.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 135
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and derivative thermal gravimetric analysis were utilized to characterize the thermal interactions between cellulose, 1-6, anhydro β-D-glucopyranoside, and D-glucose and model phosphate and phosphoramide flame retardants. The phosphoramides induced higher char yields than the phosphates during the pyrolysis of the mixtures of carbohydrates and organophosphorus compounds. Exothermic reactions attributed to phosphorylation and char formation were observed with each of the phosphoramide/carbohydrate mixtures and were absent with the phosphates. The individual phosphorus compounds studied showed similar thermal behavior with each of the carbohydrates indicating that the mode of interaction for these mixtures was similar. Isothermal gravimetric analysis of the organophosphorus/carbohydrate mixtures was used to measure the rate of decomposition weight loss from isothermal conditions. This weight loss was used as an indication of rate of fuel formation. The kinetics observed for these measurements indicated that the phosphoramide mixtures underwent a rapid weight loss to a final char with an effective Eact of about 55 kcal/mol while the phosphate mixtures exhibited effective Eact′s for decomposition lower than those observed for the pure carbohydrates. Mixtures of glucose with selcted arylphosphoramide esters were pyrolysed in order to determine the effect of lability of the leaving group on char formation. Gas chromatographic analysis of the pyrolysis products indicated that phenol was the favored leaving group in comparison with aniline units, but char promotion appeared to be dependent on the number of P-N bonds present in the original phosphoramide. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis indicated that chemically similar chars were obtained from the different organophosphorus/carbohydrate combinations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 136
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fibers of poly(1,4-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) have been prepared by dry jet-wet spinning sulfuric acid solutions of the polymer. Polymer was prepared by polymerizing terephthalic acid and hydrazine dihydrochloride in 30% fuming sulfuric acid and directly spinning the resulting solution. Dry jet-wet spinning allows greater flexibility in conditions than does wet spinning in that spinneret temperature and coagulation bath temperature are independent of one another. Therefore, coagulation may be at temperatures well below those needed at the spinneret to maintain a flowing, extrudable solution. Another common advantage of dry jet-wet spinning is application of draw to the extruded fiber before coagulation, but in this system, drawing the fiber before coagulation was shown to be a disadvantage. Fiber properties were maximized by spinning with a spinneret temperature of 58-73°C into a coagulation bath at 3-4°C and with an air gap of 1/4 in. Water as a coagulation medium allowed operation at speeds up to 40 m/min, while with 50% sulfuric acid less than half that speed was reached. Application of draw ratios of 3/1 on the coagulated but still swollen fiber combined with high-temperature treatments at low draw ratios (1.05/l) gave maximum fiber properties-tenacity 6 g/denier, elongation 20-25%, and modulus 200-240 g/denier.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 627-633 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of temperature (100°C) and heating time (up to 384 hr) on the physicochemical properties of high molecular weight (M̄p ≅ 4 × 106) partly hydrolyzed (τ ≅ 31%) polyacrylamide (HPAM-25) solutions with initial pH values near 4 and 7, respectively, is reported. Potentiometric and spectroscopy data indicate that upon heating the solutions for 16 days the extent of hydrolysis is increased up to around 90%. The viscosity behavior, especially in the presence of bivalent salt (CaCl2), can be explained by taking such an increase in hydrolysis into consideration. From light scattering data, it is shown that the conformational changes are not correlated with molecular weight degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 653-663 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Samples of general-purpose polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) were melt blended in a special mixer-extruder over the complete range of compositions from 100% polystyrene to 100% poly(methyl methacrylate). The blends were characterized for their melt rheological characteristics in a melt elasticity tester which measured their stress-strain behavior and strain recovery characteristics as a function of time. In addition, the blends were processed through a laboratory fiber spinning apparatus wherein the spinline tension was measured. Large maxima in the amount of recoverable strain, in the time for the strain recovery to finish, and in the melt tension were observed at a weight percent composition of 40% polystyrene and 60% poly(methyl methacrylate). The melt stress-strain curves showed double yield points at certain compositions. The results are discussed in terms of a model consisting of two interpenetrating continuous phases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 139
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 703-710 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new model is given to account for the pyroelectric effect in poly(vindylidene fluoride). Hopping of trapped charge carriers over the potential barrier and the existence of a trapped charge gradient are assumed. Exponential dependence of pyroelectric current gives an activation energy of the order of 0.65 eV and is explained on the basis of new theory. Pyroelectric current of 10-9 to 10-10 A has been found in solvent-cast PVDF films.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 140
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 717-729 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Diffusion of organic solvents into glassy polymers often results in a phase transformation of the hard, solid polymer into a swollen, rubbery material. During the sorption, internal stresses exist in the swollen and glassy parts of the polymer and are thought to contribute significantly to the “anomalous” diffusion observed in many penetrant-polymer systems. In this investigation, isothermal sorption data for the methanol-poly(methyl methacrylate) system have been obtained on plates ranging in thickness from 1/32 to ¼ in. The results show features characteristic of both a strain-dependent diffusion coefficient and of a stress gradient contribution to the mass flux. An attempt to reproduce these results by combining a strain-dependent diffusion coefficient model with a stress-induced contribution to the flux is presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 783-794 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto a soluble wool keratin derivative was studied with the reduced and carboxymethylated low-sulfur protein fraction from wool. Copolymerization was carried out under a variety of conditions with a redox system of (NH4)2S2O8-Na2SO3 in 60% (w/w) aqueous ZnCl2 solution at 10°C. Monomer conversions higher than 90% were obtained by the stepwise addition of initiator. The graft products were successfully separated into grafted copolymer and homopolyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fractional precipitation or solvent extraction with DMF. Grafted PAN were isolated by acid hydrolysis of the keratin backbone. Characterization of grafted and homo-PAN was carried out by IR spectroscopy, amino acid endgroup analysis, and viscometry. On the basis of the results, effects of polymerization conditions on grafting parameters were discussed. Membranes were prepared from 60% aqueous ZnCl2 solution by using ice-cold water as the regenerating medium. All the membranes formed from the graft products were transparent. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface consisted of rather spherical keratin domains regularly distributed in the PAN matrix. Selective hydrolysis of the keratin domains allowed a new type of porous PAN membrane to be obtained, with the inner walls of the pores being charged with amino acid residues attached to PAN chains as the endgroup.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 142
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 635-640 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The lateral order factor of four Indian varieties of silk, viz., Mulberry, Tasar, Eri, and Muga, were determined by electron diffraction technique and compared with that determined by x-ray diffraction. The profiles of the 002 and 201 reflections in Mulberry were better resolved by the electron diffraction technique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 143
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 665-682 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The network segment density (γg) by solvent-swollen compression modulus of gum stocks and of stocks containing nonreinforcing fillers was calculated to be 6.6093 × 10-9h0Sf/φBd2 in mmole/m3 of gel at 25°C, where h0 is the height of the unswollen sample in cm, S is the slope of the height versus applied weight curve in g per mil (0.001 in.), φB is the volume fraction of binder, d is the diameter of the initial sample in cm, and f is a factor equal to (1- φs/φB)1/3/(1- φS)2/3, where φS is the volume fraction of extract. The volume fraction of crosslinked polymer containing nonreinforcing fillers at equilibrium in a solvent (V2) was determined for the cases where the filler is insoluble and partially adheres to the binder, where the filler is partially solube and there is no binder-filler adhesion, and where the filler is completely soluble in the swelling solvent. The relations were tested and found to hold for polyester-polyurethane stocks containing plasticizer and soluble and insoluble fillers. Log V2 fell on single straight-line curves with respect to log γg for gum stocks and filled stocks both when V2 was measured in solvents which dissolved none or dissolved part of the fillers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 144
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 855-867 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Random block copolymers of tetramethylene terephthalate and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) were prepared by melt polycondensation. Five different molecular weights of PTHF were used in the polymerizations with up to 30% by weight incorporation. The copolymers so obtained were characterized in terms of their molecular weight by means of endgroup analysis and solution viscometry. Compositions were established by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical methods. Melting and glass transition temperatures are discussed in terms of the structural differences, particularly the effect of polyether composition and block size on chain flexibility.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 145
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 921-932 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four Indian varieties of silk viz., Mulberry, Tasar, Eri, and Muga, have been investigated by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The hydrolysis for Mulberry was carried out using 6N HCI at 40°C, whereas the other wild varieties of silk were hydrolyzed partially using 8N HCI at 40°C. The x-ray order factor, IR crystallinity index, and crystallite size have been determined for control, 48-hr hydrolysates, and (48 + 48)-hr hydrolysates. The lateral order improvement need not be associated with selective dissolution of amorphous region. This was further varified by short duration hydrolysis. A sort of recrystallization process could be attributed to order improvement. The results are discussed to understand the fine structure of the crystalline region of the fibroin.
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  • 146
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1039-1048 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resorcinol has been generated in situ by high levels of sulfitation of the tannin extract of the black wattle tree (Acacia mearnsii, formely mollissima). Consequently, weather and boil-proof tannin-based cold-setting adhesives for wood, satisfying the requirements of international standards, have been prepared and optimized by halving the amount of resorcinol chemical added to the tannin. Sulfitation afforded also considerable improvement of the “drying out” time characteristics of these adhesives.
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  • 147
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 879-886 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The values of the permeability coefficient P (cm2/sec) and the diffusion coefficient D (cm2/sec), of oxygen in some water-soluble polymers at various values of relative humidity were determined. The amount of oxygen initially present in the polymer membranes was calculated. The effect of sample preparation and the film thickness on the transport parameters was investigated. The results confirm the possible effect of thickness on the rate of transport of oxygen in water-soluble polymers.
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  • 148
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1105-1116 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxygen permeation studies on polyurethane (PU)/polyepoxide (EP) interpenetrating polymer networks show that the increased crosslinking density owing to additional permanent chain entanglement (resulting from interpenetration) can decrease the coefficients of permeation, diffusion, and oxygen solubility. At 20% PU, at which the crosslinking density is maximum, these coefficients retain minimum values, while the tensile strength retains a maximum value.
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  • 149
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 951-953 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 150
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 967-970 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 151
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1381-1390 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cold-drawn and hot-drawn samples of poly(ethylene terephthalate) were studied by means of measurements of shrinkage stress, birefringence and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The values of shrinkage stress were comparable for both types of sample, implying that the deformation of a molecular network is important for both cold drawing and hot drawing. The DSC results indicate that substantial crystallization occurs in hot drawing for other than the lowest draw ratios, and this crystallization gives rise to an additional peak in the shrinkage stress measurements. In addition to temperature, strain rate is also an important variable, and changes in strain rate caused significant changes in both hot-drawn and cold-drawn samples.
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  • 152
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1407-1417 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Discoloration such as zinc burning was observed in aged poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounded with synergetic soaps. This discoloration was caused by excessive formation of cool color-producing π complexes formed between double bonds in polyene chain and zinc chloride or cadmium chloride produced from the corresponding metal soap. The appearance of excessive color of the π complexes was reduced by adding some masking agents into PVC admixed with synergetic soaps. In the present study differences in masking effects results by adding solid or an aqueous solution of aminopoly-carboxylates such as glycine, ethylenediaminetetraacetates, and nitrilotriacetates to PVC stabilized with zinc stearate/calcium stearate synergetic soap. The mechanism of synergetic effect between nitrogen-containing agents and synergetic soaps upon the stabilization of PVC is also investigated by colorimetry. The aqueous solution of aminopolycarboxylates exhibits a greater masking effect than the solid. The masking effect of aminopolycarboxylates depends on the ease with which they are fnely dispersed into PVC. Colorimetry indicated that the masking effect of aminopolycarboxylates and other nitrogen-containing agents depends on forming the colorless complex compound with the excessive cool color-producing metal chlorides.
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  • 153
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1601-1618 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of a number of chemically nonreacting organic on shrinkage and stress-strain properties of preoriented semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments have been studied. The changes in shrinkage and mechanical properties are found to be highly dependent on time and temperature, as well as on tension applied on the yarn during the treatment. The changes brought about by the solvents at lower temperatures (i.e., below 100°C) are either comparable with or more than those produced by thermal treatments in air or silicone oil above 200°C. The possibility of using slovent treatment for setting polyester for dimensional stability at low temperature as an alternative to the normal dry-heat-setting method has been discussed.
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  • 154
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1419-1425 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A specific functional group that could interact with ions was introduced in a synthetic membrane to achieve an active transport of ions. One way to synthesize the active transport membrane was to introduce a functional group which has a tautomerism upon pH changes in an aqueous solution. A polymer having pendent N-hydroxyethyl amide groups was synthesized to form a membrane, and the membrane was fixed in a cell as a partition film, in which one side of the solution was adjusted to be acidic and the other side basic. It was then possible to transport chlorine ion through the membrane owing to the carrier functions caused by tautomerism of the N-hydroxyethyl amide group from the acidic to the basic sides. The transport of the chlorine ion was not dependent on diffusion control.
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  • 155
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1443-1453 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Injection- and compression-molded poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) samples were aged at 40 to 90°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Dynamic mechanical measurements show that aging restricts molecular mobility in the glassy poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) matrix of ABS. The α, or glass transition, of the matrix is affected only by aging at higher temperatures such as 90°C. On the other hand, the β transition is suppressed to some extent by aging at all temperatures from 40 to 90°C parallels the loss of tensile elongation previously reported. These results indicate that the effects of aging on the glassy phase are unique for different aging temperatures. Therefore, a simple time temperature superposition may not exist for the effects of physical aging on ABS.
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  • 156
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1479-1489 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto silk fibers was investigated in aqueous solution using the Mn(IV)-oxalic acid redox system. The copolymerization reaction was carried out under a variety of conditions such as different monomer, initiator, oxalic acid, acid concentrations, and temperatures. The graft yield increases with increasing initiator concentration up to 5 × 10-2M, and with further increase of the initiator concentration it decreases. The graft yield also increases with increasing sulfuric acid concentration up to 15 × 10-2M, and decreases thereafter. The rate of grafting also increases with increase in oxalic acid concentration up to 1.5 × 10-2M and 84.592 × 10-2M, respectively, and thereafter the rate of grafting shows down. The effect of temperature, solvents, and salts on graft yield has also been investigated and a plausible rate expression has been derived.
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  • 157
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1509-1513 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1523-1531 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chlorinated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) was prepared by introducing chlorine gas into a CCI4 suspension of PVF2 at reflux temperature. Polymer crystallinity and softening point decrease, while solubility and adhesion increase with the degree of chlorination. In contrast to PVF2, the chlorinated polymer is soluble in low-boiling common organic solvents, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Chlorinated PVF2 is resistant to dehydrochlorination and is thermally more stable than PVF, chlorinated PVF, PVC, or chlorinated PVC. Chlorinated PVF2 coatings on wood, prepared by solution casting at room temperature, show outstanding weathering resistance.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 159
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1549-1558 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal analysis was used to show that blends of poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene succinate) (PCDS) with polycarbonate (PC) are completely miscible in the amorphous phase. Blends of PC with poly(ethylene orthophthalate) (PEOP) were found to have a miscibility gap in the midconcentration range and are thus not miscible in all proportions. Similarly, a commercial copolyester formed from ethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid is partially miscible with PC. These observations are discussed in terms of the structural features of the three polyesters.
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  • 160
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1755-1774 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The permeabilities and diffusivities of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and isobutane in commercially available poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (TFE) and poly(fluoroethylene-propylene) (FEP) Teflon have been measured in a Pasternak-type permeation cell. Experiments were carried out at upstream hydrocarbon partial pressures up to 50 torr (1000-60,000 ppm gas phase concentration) and temperatures from 40 to 195°C with films of 0.0508 and 0.127 mm thickness using nitrogen as carrier gas on the upstream and downstream sides of the membrane. The transient and steady-state permeation data are described well by a combination of Henry's law and Fick's law with a concentration-independent diffusion coefficient. Linear Arrhenius plots of both permeabilities and diffusivities were obtained. Linear correlations were found both between the activation energy for diffusion and the square of the gas molecule diameter, and between the logarithm of solubility at 90°C and the penetrant boiling point. Separation factors for binary mixtures of hydrocarbons were measured for TFE at 140°C and found to be similar to those predicted by individual permeabilities in most cases. Measurements with mixed gases were not made for FEP Teflon, but selectivities of FEP are expected to be similarly well described by the ratios of the pure gas permeabilities at the low partial pressures studied. The effect of annealing FEP Teflon for 24 hr at 200°C was found to produce an average of 20-30% reduction in solubility as well as a 9% increase in the activation energy for diffusion compared to as-received films. These effects are believed to be due to increased crystallinity in the sample upon annealing.
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  • 161
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1789-1792 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1799-1806 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1825-1831 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method is developed to estimate the composition of a powder mixture using breadths of over-lapping x-ray diffraction (XRD) lines. The application of the method is illustrated for analyzing blends of cotton and jute.
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  • 164
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1839-1859 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The pyrolysis of organic waste polymers to produce fuels and chemicals is of interest to augment petroleum-based processes. The wide variety of pyrolysis products of low yield and the uncertain role that heat transfer rate plays in determining these have been deterrents to utilization in the past. A possible approach to increased selectivity for products is to heat them rapidly and homogeneously with the aim of narrowing the product distribution. A very rapid means of homogeneous heat transfer throughout the substrate is microwave heating. A laboratory study has been done to determine what effect high-intensity microwave energy has on the thermal degradative pathways of cellulose. The product distribution found when cellulose is pyrolyzed in the absence of a microwave discharge is similar to that found in conventional furnace pyrolysis. The major products are levoglucosan (27%), carbon dioxide (2-5%), water, and charred residue. However, the total heat-up and reaction times for even large pellets are reduced to less than 2-3 min when high-intensity microwave irradiation is employed. Effects of pressure and microwave power are reported. Low external gas temperature also prevents secondary reactions.
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  • 165
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1861-1866 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile strength and ultimate strain of polypropylene fibers were measured by the creep fracture method at various temperatures. The tensile strength against time-to-break curves at various temperatures, which were plotted on log-log scales, were superposed by shifting the curves along the logarithmic time-to-break axis, and the composite curve of the tensile strength as a function of a reduced time to break was obtained. On the other hand, to construct the composite curve of ultimate strain from the ultimate strain against time-to-break curves at various temperatures, shifting the curves along the logarithmic ultimate strain axis was required in combination with shifting along the logarithmic time-to-break axis. The temperature dependence of the shift factor aT followed an equation of the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) form. The volume fraction of free volume at the glass transition temperature and the coefficient of thermal volume expansion, which were calculated from the WLF coefficients determined for the polypropylene fibers, are almost the same as those known as “universal values” for amorphous polymers.
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  • 166
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1931-1942 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Processes aimed at forming high-performance fiber morphologies from rigid, semirigid, and flexible polymers have been analyzed. Routes that rely at least partially on the favorable thermodynamic consequences of conformational rigidity imparted by intramolecular and polymer-solvent interactions are shown to offer much greater promise than those that rely entirely on externally applied deformation.
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  • 167
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1943-1950 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: On the basis of standards of identification of substances in the additive system of polyethylene has been performed. Different methods for separation such as adsorption thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography with chemically bounded phases, and gas chromatography have been used. The fir al identification has been made with mass spectrometry. The substances have been extracted from polyethylene with hexane and chloroform.
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  • 168
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1969-1989 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of a novel asymmetric membrane cast from a homogeneous mixture of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and cellulose acetate is described. The two polymers were found to be compatible in the presence of Lewis acids, yielding hydrophilic homogeneous alloys when properly prepared. Asymmetric membranes were cast from a six-component dope mixture containing chloroform, methanol, acetone, and formamide. The as-cast solution, when coagulated in water at ambient temperature, yields a highly plasticized anisotropic matrix which solidifies into a glassy state as the chloroform slowly diffuses into the water. The membranes, following this stage, exhibit a semipermeable dense skin that produces high fluxes and salt rejections when tested in a high-pressure reverse osmosis mode (no annealing is required). The anisotropic morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy studies which revealed a dense skin resting on a highly porous, open-celled foamlike structure. This structure does not collapse upon drying and retains its original wet dimensions. Brief attempts to quaternize the matrix are also reported.
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  • 169
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1723-1735 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effect of sorbed water on dielectric and mechanical properties is studied for three kinds of polyion complex (PIC) membranes formed from equal moles of polyanion [poly(sodium 4-vinylbenze-sulfonate)] and three polycations of different structural isomerisms [poly(4-vinylphenethyltriethylammonium bromide), poly(3-vinylphenethyltriethylammonium bromide), and random copolymer of these monomers]. Sorption isotherms and swelling characteristics indicate that PIC of parapolycation includes more water microphases than PIC of meta-polycatio. Complex dielectric constants of three PICs with varied water contents are measured at frequencies from 10 Hz to 100 kHz and the relaxation is analyzed in terms of the heterogeneous structure. Stress-elongation relationships of PICs equilibrated with water and aqueous NaBr indicate that yield and break stresses are higher for PIC of meta-polycation than that of para-polycation and decrease with increasing NaBr concentration above 0.1M.
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  • 170
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1775-1780 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Operation of an improved design of a vapor pressure osmometer for polyolefins at 140°C is described. Reproducibility of ±10% of the measured number-average molecular weight (Mn) was obtained with a maximum Mn of about 45,000-50,000. Results are reported for some standard and commercial, linear and branched polyethylenes and for commercial polypropylenes.
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  • 171
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1785-1788 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 172
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1813-1813 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 173
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1875-1882 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The chemical structure of polyurethane modified by BHET is correlated with its mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Evaluation of this amorphous elastomer by means of stress-strain tests and transition temperature measurements reveals that incorporation of the BHET structure into the soft polyester segment affects the domain structure and, in turn, the entire mechanical behavior of polyurethane. It is also shown that polyurethane has a wide range of Tg and secondary transition temperature by varying the ratio of BHET to EG as well as the ratio of TDI to polyester polyol.
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  • 174
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1961-1968 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene, and a styrene/acrylic terpolymer have been cast from solutions of varying thermodynamic quality and the film properties studied by inverse gas chromatography and by critical surface tension measurements. Surface properties of the non-polar polystyrene were independent of solvent medium, but significant variations in these properties were observed in the case of PMMA and the terpolymer. Solvent balance also appeared to affect the bulk properties of the latter films, as judged by the penetration rates of interacting liquids. The observations indicate the feasibility of controlling film properties of the solid by the appropriate selection of solution media; a time-dependent variation in solid properties is to be expected, however, as the film structure attains an equilibrium state.
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  • 175
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2007-2017 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Europium(III) chelates of dibenzoylmethane (DBM) (1) and β-diketone-containing polymers, i.e., poly(p-benzoylacetylstyrene) (2) and poly(aryl β-diketone) (3), were prepared. In the polymer 2 the β-diketone moiety is attached to the phenyl ring, and for polymer 3 the β-diketone group is incorporated in the linear chain. The chelate structures were confirmed by measuring IR spectra, TGA, and DTA. The fluorescence emission intensity was measured on fine powder samples. For the composite samples of Eu(DBM)4 in polystyrene, the fluorescence intensity was found to increase linearly with increasing Eu content. However, for Eu coordination polymers, the intensity reached a maximum at Eu3+ content as small as 1 wt % and remained constant on further increasing the Eu3+ content. When the fluorescence intensities of Eu complexes were compared under the same conditions, namely, 1 wt % Eu, at which Eu-2 and Eu-3 show nearly maximum intensity, the order was found to be Eu-1 〉 Eu-2 〉 Eu-3. These phenomena were accounted for by the differences in the coordination number of the Eu complexes.
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  • 176
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2105-2107 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fibrillar size of native cellulose was studied in detail by electron microscopic and x-ray techniques. Samples included natural fibers of cotton and ramie as well as algal and bacterial celluloses. Results indicated smaller sizes for cotton and ramie than was previously reported in the literature and a possible difference in fibrillar sizes among celluloses.
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  • 177
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2331-2338 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The distribution of polyenes which results from the chemical dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) has been studied in dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents. A higher percentage of longer polyenes is formed in DCM than in THF. On the addition of trifluoroacetic acid to DCM solutions of the polyenes, new species are formed with strong absorptions in the region 500-800 nm. The absorptions are probably due to polyenylic ions formed by protonation of the polyenes, and the interrelated changes in their intensities can be explained by the migration of short polyene sequences along the polymer chain with the formation of longer sequences. The species are extremely photosensitive and are bleached in a few seconds with light from a medium-pressure mercury lamp. The relevance of these experiments to the effect of HCl on the polyene distribution and on the rate of photocrosslinking is discussed.
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  • 178
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2373-2392 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of butadiene with nickel (II) stearate-Et2AlCl catalyst has been studied in a batch reactor. The rate of polymerization is first order with respect to monomer and increases with the addition of water. In this system, no appreciable termination reaction has been found and the chain transfer to monomer dictates the molecular weight distribution of the polymer products. Molecular weight increases with conversion and water content. The cis-1,4 content was found to be a function of the extent of polymerization.
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2417-2426 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photosensitized reactions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (DCM) solutions of polyene sequences introduced into poly(vinyl chloride) molecules by chemical degradation have been investigated. The distribution of polyenes produced following further thermal degradation in DCM were shifted toward longer sequences than were observed for the same reaction in THF. Benzophenone-sensitized bleaching of the polyene absorption in aerated THF solutions was characterized by induction periods, but the presence of oxygen had little effect on the same reaction in DCM. The bleaching process seems to involve reaction of the polyenes with the tetrahydrofuranyl radical formed by abstraction of the α-hydrogen from THF by triplet benzophenone. No induction periods were observed for benzoin-sensitized reactions, but the rate of reaction was faster in DCM than in THF. The differences are discussed in terms of the difference in reactivity of the alkyl and alkoxy radicals.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 180
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 181
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chromated lead, tin, and lead/tin alloy surfaces have been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) and ion microanalyzer (IMA). Also the locus of failure in dry conditions of these metal joints bonded with an ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer has been estimated from analysis of the fractured surfaces by ESCA, IMA, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cathodically chromated tin and lead/tin surfaces are almost completely covered with a corrosion-protective chromium oxide film, although immersion-chromated tin and lead/tin surfaces have considerable amounts of tin and lead oxides. In chromated tin joints having a chromate film of less than 100Å, bond failure occurs cohesively in the EAA copolymer. On the other hand, chromated tin joints having a chromate film of more than 100Å give the failure mainly at the chromate film-tin oxide interface and partly in the tin oxide.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 182
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2531-2538 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The subject of this study was urethane elastomers synthetized from oligo (ethylene adipate) and diphenyl-methane-4,4′-di-isocyanate extended by means of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diamine-diphenyl-methane with 1,4-butylene glycol. It has been demonstrated, with the aid of the method used by Weisfeld and co-workers that the changes in the NCO:OH molar relation from 2.75 to 5 at the prepolymer synthesis stage are the cause of an increase in the total crosslinking density as well as those derived from the primary and secondary valence crosslinks. The application of diamine as a chain extender, in comparsion with glycol, causes an increase of the crosslinking densities under investigation. The observed changes in the crosslinking stage of the elastomers obtained have been explained on the basis of the segment structure of the normal chains. The apparent differences in the crosslinking density by primary valence crosslinks, as determined chemically and by the method of Weisfeld et al., have been explained on the basis of IR measurements of the changes in the hydrogen bonding contents as functions of temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 183
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three grades of poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) were aged up to three years at 100, 75, 50, and 11% relative humidity and temperatures of 66-93°C. The decrease in mechanical properties, caused by hydrolysis, occurs rapidly at the higher temperatures and relative humidities and progressively slows as the temperature and/or humidity are decreased. Equations for making life-cycle predictions at any combination of temperature and humidity were derived from Arrhenius plots. If a 50% loss in tensile strength constitutes failure, then the PBT examined should be expected to last only three to four years at 50°C and 100% relative humidity. Reducing the humidity level to 50% extends the useful life at this temperature to 10-20 years. Predictions based on the tensile strength half-life should not be used where toughness or impact properties are important because PBT embrittles long before the tensile strength half-life is reached.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 184
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2649-2652 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 185
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2657-2657 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 186
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2699-2710 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Moisture-cured polyurethanes were prepared by reacting toluene diisocyanate and sebacic acid-based hydroxy esters such as ethylene glycol sebacate, propylene glycol sebacate, diethylene glycol sebacate, and polyester polyols such as poly(ethylene glycol sebacate), poly(propylene glycol sebacate), poly(diethylene glycol sebacate), and poly(butane diol sebacate). The effect of molecular weight of the esters on film properties and the catalytic effect of 3-5% triethylamine, triethanolamine, and 2-diethylaminoethanol on curing of such films were investigated. Polyurethanes were also prepared using a blend of poly(butane diol carbonate) polyol with polyester polyols. Best polyurethane compositions were obtained when sebacic acid-based polyester polyols were blended with poly(butane diol carbonate) polyol in the ratio of 3:2. These polyurethanes show good tensile strength (120-215 kg/cm2) and elongation (340-460%) properties, having high melting points (247-268°C) and good resistance to solvents and chemicals. Moreover, they are colorless and transparent.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 187
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2747-2754 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Carboxylic acids with weak acidities showed large catalytic activity. For instance, for chlorine-substituted acetic acid the activity increased with decreasing chlorine content. For benzoic acid derivatives, electron acceptor substituents, such as NO2, CI, and OH, lowered the catalytic activity, while electron donor substituents such as alkyl and alkoxy groups increased it. Detailed study on the cure rate of polyureaurethane, with 2-methyl benzoic acid as a catalyst, showed that pot life (PL) and the minimum demolding time (DT) had a correlation with the catalyst amount [X] represented by the following equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PL}^{ - 1} \left( {or{\rm DT}^{ - 1} } \right) = A + B\left[ {\rm X} \right] $$\end{document} where A and B are constants. Further, use of appropriate amounts of the catalyst enhanced tensile strength at break for polyureaurethane.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 188
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2789-2793 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic stress intensity factors KD were measured by the caustic method and crack propagation velocity Ċ by the velocity gauge techniques for PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)] during dynamic crack propagation at various strain rates \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \rm \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} . No definite applied strain rate effects on the dynamic stress intensity factor were observed for applied strain rates ranging from 8.33 × 10-4 to 30/sec; however, the test results do show crack propagation velocity dependency in KD ∼ Ċ relations. The high local strain rate region may be realized at the running crack tip even under the quasi-static loading case of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \rm \dot \varepsilon $\end{document}= 8.33 × 10-4/sec, since all the crack propagation velocities obtained were greater than 50 m/sec even up to 450 m/sec.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 189
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2845-2855 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The computational method of a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient D(C) of dyes in fibers has been presented. This method is based on concentration profiles determined with the microphotometric technique and the numerical solution of Fick's second law of diffusion for the cylindrical system. Exploiting the grid method and data of experimental concentration profiles, diffusion coefficients of disperse dye Synthene Scarlet P3GL in the anionically modified polyester fiber have been calculated. The results have been compared with those obtained by the Boltzmann-Matano method. It was stated that (1) in the investigated polymer-dye system the relation between D and C is of the form D(C) = D0 exp(δC); (2) the allowance for the cylindrical symmetry of the fiber leads to the lower values D(C) in the total concentration range than those obtained by the Boltzmann-Matano method; and (3) values of D0 calculated with both methods are coincident.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 190
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2829-2843 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The swelling of cellulose gel is considered to be caused by an osmotic pressure differential resulting from a difference in concentration of mobile ions between the interior of the gel and the exterior solution. The fundamental feature within the gel, bringing about the unequal distribution, is the presence of ionizing acidic groups attached to the macromolecular network. Using the Donnan theory to describe the distribution of ions, it is shown that the experimentally observed decreases in swelling brought about by extremes of pH and by salt addition may be explained in a semiquantitative way. The swelling behavior of superabsorbent gels appears to be almost completely governed by the proposed mechanism. For conventional wood pulps, the mechanism describes the smaller variations in swelling caused by pH and salt addition. For these gels, electrolytic effects are only responsible for a fraction of the total swelling - the remainder being associated with the macromolecular network itself. The unequal distribution of hydrogen ions between a gel and an exterior solution is described briefly, along with the effect that this has on the potentiometric titration of the gel.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2891-2907 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several homologous families of random copolyamides containing aromatic rigid elements and aliphatic or aralkyl flexible elements were prepared and characterized. Lyotropic liquid crystallinity was observed in all such polymers where over 50% of the aromatic residues belonged to rigid elements whose axial ratio surpassed a critical value of 5〈 x 〈6. The point where 5〈 x 〈6 is reached depends on the nature of the flexible comonomers. The higher their basicity or flexibility, the higher the concentration of rigid monomers in the copolymer at the point of 5〈 x 〈6. In concentrated ternary systems of polymer 1/polymer 2/solvent, a single anisotropic phase containing both polymers can be obtained when each polymer can form an anisotropic solution in the solvent. When either polymer is too flexible to form an anisotropic solution by itself, it will then separate from the ternary system into an isotropic phase, leaving the more rigid polymer in the coexisting anisotropic solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 192
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copoly(vinyl alcohol-styrenesulfonic acid) resin was prepared by a two-step polymerization, consisting of a suspension polymerization of styrene containing divinylbenzene using tetraethylthiuram disulfide as an initiator and a subsequent block copolymerization of vinyl acetate to the crosslinked polystyrene obtained, followed by sulfonation and saponification. Some reaction conditions in the polymerization of styrene were investigated to obtain copolymer containing more vinyl alcohol units. The catalytic activity of the copolymer on the hydrolysis of dextrin was investigated and found to be increased with increasing amount of vinyl alcohol units and with a lowering degree of crosslinking of the copolymer. The maximum acceleration of rate obtained in the presence of the copolymer was about six times that in the presence of Amberlite 120B. Catalytic activity of the copolymer on hydrolysis of sucrose and methyl acetate were also investigated and found to be comparable each other and lower than that for dextrin. The difference between the activities for dextrin and for sucrose and methyl acetate increased with an increasing amount of vinyl alcohol units in the copolymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 193
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Homogeneous graft copolymerization of styrene onto cellulose was carried out using a SO2-DEA-DMSO cellulose solvent reaction medium and γ-ray mutual irradiation. The yield of grafted side chain polymer and the homopolymer in this reaction system proved to be polysulfone, a styrene-sulfur dioxide copolymer in which the number of sulfur atoms per polymer chain is 3-3.5. Several characterizations of the graft product were attempted. The graft products were extracted with boiling benzene for 24 hr to remove homopolymer, and then the cellulose backbones were hydrolyzed. After hydrolysis, the polysulfone residues were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into two components, i.e., attendant homopolysulfone and the true side chain polysulfone having some sugar residues at one of the polymer chain ends. The weight fraction of these components for each graft product was determined by a TLC scanner. The molecular weight of the side chain polysulfone remained constant and significantly lower than that of the homopolysulfone throughout the reaction period. By assuming that no scission of cellulose chains occurred throughout the graft reaction, the number of branches per starting cellulose molecule was assessed to be surprisingly large, ranging from 2.4 to 10.6 at a total dose of 1-8 mR of irradiation. It was also found that percent grafting increased with irradiation time because of an increase in the number of branches per cellulose chain. Furthermore, we succeeded in separating the graft product into ungrafted cellulose and the true graft copolymer containing a small amount of attendant hompolysulfone.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2961-2968 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Viscosities of γ-Fe2O3 dispersions in epoxy resin, phenol resin, and polyvinyl butyral solutions are measured at shear rate D from 19.2 to 384 sec-1. Volume fraction of γ-Fe2O3 in these dispersions ranges from about 0.002 to 0.03. The concentration dependence of relative viscosity η/ηs is closely represented by the Mooney equation. From this equation, intrinsic viscosity [η] of suspensions is found to decrease from 46.1 at D = 19.2sec-1 to 14 at D = 384 sec-1 for epoxy resin solution. The high [η] value indicates the existence of flocs containing immobilized liquid. By increasing the shear rate, the average floc size is reduced to point where at an infinite shear rate, only small clusters or possibly particles remain. Of the three polymers, the lowest [η] value is obtained in the dispersion of the phenol resin solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 195
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2985-2992 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Constants for the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relation can be established in principle from GPC measurements on broad distribution polymers. The method requires use of two samples with different intrinsic viscosities or a single polymer for which [η] and Mn Mw are known. The [η]-Mw combination is not reliable because Mv and Mw are often very similar in magnitude. The [η]Mn method is likewise not recommended because of the influence of skewing and axial dispersion effects on the GPC measurement of Mn. The simplest and safest way to use GPC data to estimate the MHS constants involves the measurement of GPC chromatograms of two polymer samples with different intrinsic viscosities. The method is not confined to the solvent used as the GPC eluant. The MHS constants derived from GPC appear to reflect the molecular weight range of the calibration samples and may not be as widely applicable as those from the more tedious classical methods which employ a series of fractionated samples.
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  • 196
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 15 (1980), S. 29-53 
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 197
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 15 (1980), S. 207-253 
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 198
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 15 (1980), S. 375-469 
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
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  • 199
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 15 (1980), S. 327-373 
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 200
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    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 15 (1980), S. 1-27 
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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