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  • 1990-1994  (3,320)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1905-1909
  • Engineering  (3,320)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm for evaluation of friction in general contact-impact interfaces is described. The algorithm is based on an explicit finite-element method. Coulomb's friction law is assumed. The defence node algorithm is used such that the sticking condition can be imposed with the Lagrange multiplier method even in explicit dynamic analysis. The algorithm is supposed to be applicable in general situations, including large deformations of the contact-impact bodies and large relative sliding between the contact-impact boundaries. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
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  • 102
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 275-277 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A generalization of the r(1-m)/m strain singularity of higher-order isoparametric elements is presented. It is shown that, by variable placement of the side nodes between their original and singular positions, the point of singularity sensed by the element can be controlled. The transition elements have a strain singularity outside their domain. The singular and non-singular elements are elements are special cases of the general mapping. The transition elements, together with the singular isoparametric elements, can be used for solving crack problems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 105
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 279-290 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the design of members with flaws, it is necessary to keep the stress intensity factor K of any sharp crack below the fracture toughness Kcr of the materials. Stress-intensity factor equations for the more common basic specimen geometries and various loading conditions are available in the literature. The application of these equations to complex structures involves geometric problems such as the identification of the outline of each member and the sizing of the equivalent specimen for each flaw. The paper gives a response to such difficulties.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 106
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, yet storage-effective ‘linear’ programming code is given. The assumption of non-negative variables is bypassed without increasing the size of the problem. Furthermore, the objective is allowed to be summed over not just linear, but also concave, functions. A specific truss topology optimization example is shown.
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  • 107
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We propose in this paper a nine-point, fourth-order difference method for the numerical solution of the quasilinear Poisson equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Au_{zz} + \frac{1}{r}u_r + Bu_{rr} = f\left({r,z,u,u_r,u_z} \right) $$\end{document} with appropriate boundary conditions. The method is based on five evaluations of f. The numerical results of four problems obtained using this method are listed. The results demonstrate the fourth-order accuracy of the method.
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  • 108
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Singularly perturbed second-order elliptic equations with boundary layers are considered. These may be considered as model problems for the advection of some quantity such as heat or a pollutant in a flow field or as linear approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow. Numerical methods composed of central-difference operators on special piece-wise-uniform meshes are constructed for the above problems. Numerical results are obtained which show that these methods give approximate solutions with error estimates that are independent of the singular perturbation parameter. An open theoretical problem is posed.
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  • 109
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 313-320 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper we present a superconvergent patch recovery technique for obtaining higher-order-accurate finite-element solutions and thus a postprocessed type of L2 norm error estimate. Two modifications make our procedure different from the one proposed by Zienkiewicz and Zhu (1992), in which higher-order-accurate derivatives of the finite-element solution at nodes are determined. Firstly, the recovery process is made for element, not for nodes. An ‘element patch’, which represents the union of an element under consideration and the surrounding elements, is introduced. Secondly, the local error estimate is calculated directly from the improved solution for this element. Numerical tests on both 1D and 2D model problems show that this method can provide an asymptotically exact a posteriori L2 norm error estimate if the used element possesses superconvergent points for the solutions.
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  • 110
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 321-331 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new approach to developing serendipity quadrilateral infinite elements is presented. Using these elements universal matrices for quasiharmonic equation are developed. For a particular member of the family these matrices are independent of the size and shape of the element. Using these matrices the element stiffness matrix can be generated in a simpler manner by taking into account the size and shape of the element.
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  • 111
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new global secant relaxation (GSR)-method-based improvement procedure is used to improve the overall convergency performance of the modified Newton-Raphson iteration in carrying out the solution of discrete systems resulting from the finite-element discretization of a certain class of structural problems involving non-linear deformation behaviour.
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  • 112
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 339-353 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Theoretical and experimental analysis of free-surface electrohydrodynamic flow is fragmented and incomplete. Simulation studies of this phenomenon are further limited by the inherent complexities in the modelling process. In this note a mathematical model is developed to analyse free-surface electrohydrodynamic flow in two dimensions, and preliminary results of the simulation are described. The configurations examined include electrified conducting surfaces, the dielectrophoretic forces, and a conducting jet. The simulation is compared with analytical results in the first two investigations and is shown to be quite accurate. In the last simulation it is demonstrated that in the initial formation of a conducting jet, a 10 per cent increase in applied voltage results in about a 10 per cent increase in fluid velocity.
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  • 113
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 355-357 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 114
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 359-360 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 115
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 116
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 361-371 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dual reciprocity boundary element method, first proposed by Nardini and Brebbia (1982, 1985), is a powerful technique for solving elliptic partial differential equations. Adopting this approach, a singular volume integral, which needs to be evaluated with a traditional boundary element method, can be converted into a boundary integral. However, when the governing equation is of a certain type, this conversion fails due to the singularities being introduced inside the physical domain and on the boundary arising by differentiating distance functions. We avoid these artificially created singularities by constructing a transformation which leads to improved numerical results.
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  • 117
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 373-384 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper demonstrates an approach to generate three-dimensional boundary-fitted computational meshes efficiently. One basic idea underlying the present study is that often similar geometries have to be meshed, and therefore an efficient mesh-adaption method, which allows adaptation of the topological mesh to the specific geometry, would be more efficient than generating all new meshes. On the other hand the mesh generation for Cartesian topologies has been shown to be a very simple task. It can be executed by connecting and removing brick elements to a basic cube. In connection with a so-called ‘Macro Command Language’, a high degree of automation can be reached when adapting topologically defined meshes to a surface. Furthermore, a high mesh quality has proved to be the key to good simulation results. During the mesh generation it is important to provide the possibility of modifiying the mesh quality and also the mesh density at any time of the meshing process. Using this generation method the meshing time is reduced - e.g. a computational mesh for a two-valve cylinder head can be generated within a few hours.
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  • 118
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 393-401 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present numerical experiments made to investigate the behaviour of the Newmark time-stepping scheme applied to non-linear dynamic systems. Our attention is focused on the instability and chaos in the Newmark scheme when it is applied to the equation ü + P(u) = 0, representing a non-linear elastic spring. Some unusual modes of behaviour, which are of substantial interest, have been observed. In the first case, a stable but chaotic solution is found. In the second case, while a stable solution is obtained with a certain time step, an unstable solution is found by decreasing the time step. In the third case, instability is triggered by neglecting the initial acceleration. A simple modification of the Newmark scheme is proposed which keeps the energy constant for the equation ü + P(u) = 0 and thereby guarantees unconditional stability. Numerical examples in support of such an energy-conserving scheme are presented.
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  • 119
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 385-392 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical problem which features prominently in the implementation of the boundary-element method (BEM) for the solution of heat-conduction problems arises from double-valued heat fluxes at boundary corners. This problem is readily dealt with by explicitly treating nodal heat fluxes as double-valued prior to assembly of the nodal equations. This formulation is very flexible as it also permits imposing discontinuous thermal conditions at any boundary node. However, at corner nodes where temperature only is prescribed, the scheme leads to two unknowns, while only one nodal BEM equation is available there. An additional equation which closely follows the previous work of Walker and Fenner is derived for these nodes, and this provides sufficient information to resolve the upstream and downstream values of the heat flux at the temperature node. The additional equation is general, is free of heuristic constraints, and is applicable through the wide range of acute, shallow, obtuse and re-entrant angles encountered in practice. Numerical examples are used to compare the present method with the Walker and Fenner approach and with analytical solutions. Results indicate both improved accuracy and generality, thus validating the present method.
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  • 120
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 403-412 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An adaptive refinement/derefinement algorithm of nested meshes is presented. Some definitions are introduced. The main properties of the derefinement algorithm are remarked upon and its efficiency is shown through two numerical examples: a time-dependent convection-diffusion problems with dominant convection and a quasistationary problem.
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  • 121
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 425-426 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 122
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 123
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 413-420 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Fracture in heterogeous solids can be simulated with finite elements. We compare simulations of mechanical breakdown using meshes based on two types of geometrical elements: quadrilaterals and hexagons. The different co-ordination of the meshes leads to important differences in the load-carrying geometry close to failure. Hexagonal elements give a better representation of failure in brittle solids, whereas quadrilateral elements have a resemblance to fibrous solids.
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  • 124
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 421-423 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A note on the effects of a weak discontinuity in the forcing function g(x) of a singular, integral equation of the first kind and the resulting strong discontinuity that can appear in the solution f(x) is presented.
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  • 125
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 427-435 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a new method for the numerical solution of transient linear heat conduction problems. In the proposed method, the transient linear heat conduction equation is first integrated with respect to time over subsequent intervals. Then the resulting set of elliptic equations is discretized in space according to a finite-element procedure. The method is unconditionally stable. At the end of the paper, the effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed through some numerical examples.
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  • 126
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 453-460 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In finite-element analysis of transient heat conduction, oscillatory results are quite common. Several criteria for eliminating oscillation which permit choice of time step length and/or element mesh and type are sensibly derived and proved with a different methodology from those of previous work. Numerical examples are presented to show their validity and usefulness.
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  • 127
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 437-451 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper a computation code based on the finite-element method for temperature evolutions in composite elements with internal cavities is presented. It is suitable for the analysis of various thermal problems encountered in mechanical and civil engineering such as fire risk assessment. It is based on a plane isoparametric triangular element with six nodes allowing the modelling of curved boundaries. In order to analyse composite steel-concrete elements and to take into account the non-linearities coming from the temperature-dependent material properties and from the boundary conditions, an implicit integration scheme is used. Another advantage of the program is the possibility of describing internal cavities with convection and radiation exchanges. In order to show the capacity of the program two examples are presented. Comparisons have been made with experimental and other numerical results, exhibiting very good agreement.
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  • 128
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 461-468 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A speculation is presented to explain in physical terms the biblical story in which the withdrawal and return of the sea saved the Hebrews but drowned the army of Pharaoh. The explosion of the volcano on the island of Thira (Santorini) is speculated to be connected with this biblical story.To support our proposition concerning depression and flooding waves, we have made a numerical calculation with a highly accurate computer code and provided an outline of the PLIM method (piecewise linear interpolation method) used. This calculation is numerically very challenging because the volcano is located far from the shore and hence detailed discretization is not practical. In addition, we show that if a less accurate numerical method is used, the whole phenomenon is lost because of numerical errors.Our simple approach provides a withdrawal and return of the water to the shore that is sufficiently large, but the duration of this occurence is only a few minutes. The opportunity for a much longer duration as a consequence of other phenomena has not been excluded, however.
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  • 129
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 497-499 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 130
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 469-480 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical modelling of geometrically evolving domains, such as multistep construction, accretion and excavation, has always been of great interest to geotechnical engineers. Stress, strain and pore-pressure changes depend on hydromechanical properties and the loading process. Several techniques are proposed in the literature for numerical simulation of excavation or backfilling processes. These are mostly based on a natural methodology that consists in dividing the problem into several time steps, each coinciding with the addition or removal of one layer which is then modelled by means of several elements. Unfortunately, as in these methods the evolving parameters and their relative influence are not explicit, it is not possible to determine their accuracy. A more rigorous approach lies in the geometrical transformation of the studied domain, depending on the time variable for a reference domain in which the conservation equations are verified. The application of this methodology implies a great number of calculations. By using limited development techniques of the Jacobian of transformations it is possible to reduce the volume of computations. Such a technique results in approximations which can be evaluated.
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  • 131
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 481-487 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Chan and Elman (1989) have recently shown that heuristic Fourier analysis can be used to determine approximate convergence rates of iterative methods. Here we present a simple procedure and useful relations that facilitate the practical application of this method. The procedure is based on the fact that the mesh spacing h is typically small, so that attention may be restricted to the asymptotic behaviour of the convergence rate R for small h. We accordingly derive simple expressions for the first few coefficients in a Taylor series expansion of R in powers of h. These coefficients are expressed in terms of derivatives with respect to h of the complex Fourier growth factor ξ rather than its modulus |ξ|. The required derivatives can then be obtained by implicit differentiation without explicitly solving for ξ, which further simplifies the analysis. The overall procedure is illustrated by applying it to the Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and successive overrelaxation methods, for which we obtain results asymptotically equivalent to those of Chan and Elman. We also analyse the effect of second-order Richardson acceleration on the Jacobi method, for which we obtain an asymptotic convergence rate in precise agreement with classical analysis.
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  • 132
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 489-496 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The possibility of improving heat transfer rates by the imposition of a wavy boundary led to this extension of direct simulation of heat transfer in turbulent flow in a channel. This part of the paper shows how a pattern of micro-riblets on the surface and parallel to the flow is incorporated into the solution of the Navier-Stokes and temperature equations. The channel is two-dimensional with walls at different but uniform temperatures, and the fluid properties are constant. The presence of the patterns presents a considerable computational problem that can be largely overcome by the use of a discrete Green function technique. The method is illustrated by making short-time calculations of the velocity and temperature fields for a Prandtl number of 0.72, a Reynolds number based on channel half-width and bulk velocity of 2800, and a sinusoidal pattern with a height of 5 wall units.
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  • 133
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 134
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 511-521 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the present study a hybrid boundary-element and finite-element method is developed for the non-linear analysis of two-dimensional elastic media with inclusions, and it is utilized in defining the micro-mechanical stress field in composite materials. The linear elastic, isotropic and homogeneous matrix is treated with the BEM, while the non-linear elastic and orthotropic inclusions (fibres) are treated with the FEM.
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  • 135
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 501-510 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite-element solution for elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of spherical bodies undergoing elastic deformation is presented. The Galerkin finite-element approach is employed and the domain under investigation is discretized using isoparametric quadrilateral elements. Isothermal conditions are assumed and the generation of the pressure is assumed to be governed by the Reynolds equation. The viscosity and the density of the oil are assumed to be functions of the pressure. It is assumed that the underlying surface deforms elastically under the hydrodynamic pressure distribution. The accuracy of the technique is illustrated in particular examples.
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  • 136
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 523-530 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient algorithm is developed for the formation of a minimal cycle basis of a graph. This method reduces the number of cycles to be considered as candidates for being the elements of a minimal basis and makes practical use of the Greedy algorithm feasible. A comparison is made between the existing methods and the present algorithm. A counter-example is presented for Kaveh's algorithm from planar graphs.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 531-543 
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    Notes: A self-adaptive method for the solution of elliptic and parabolic problems defined over 3D general multiconnected regions by generalized finite-difference formulae, with boundary approximation by means of polyhedra, is proposed. Different approaches to space refinements are studied and implemented. Numerical examples are given.
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  • 138
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 545-554 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper the experimental results considering the effects of temperature on the elastic modulus and creep of concrete are introduced into the mathematical models of the three-dimensional finite-element method to improve the calculation of creep stresses in mass concrete structures. The finite-element implementation of the exponential algorithm for concrete creep at variable temperatures is studied. The numerical solution procedure for thermal creep stresses in mass concrete structures with temperature effects is presented and a three-dimensional finite-element program is developed.
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  • 139
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 555-563 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The standard bilinear displacement field of the plane linear elastic rectangular 4-node quadrilateral element is enhanced by incompatible modes. The resulting gradient operators are separated into constant and linear parts corresponding to underintegration and stabilization of the element stiffness matrix. Minimization of potential energy is used to generate exact analytical expressions for the hourglass stabilization of the rectangle. The stabilized element is shown to coincide with the element obtained by the mixed assumed strain method.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 577-579 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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  • 141
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 580-582 
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  • 142
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 565-576 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The nodal stresses in a finite element may be calculated in two ways: (a) directly at the nodes; (b) by bilinear extrapolation from the stresses at the 2 × 2 Gauss points. In both cases the von Mises stress is computed from the averaged nodal stresses. In areas of stress concentration, when the mesh is not adequately refined, there is a significant difference between the maximum von Mises stresses when methods (a) and (b) are used. By means of numerical examples it is shown that method (a) is superior to (b). Using both stress values an empirical formula, based on numerous FEM results, is presented for improving the accuracy of the maximum von Mises stress. The error reduction is considerable. Only plane stress problems with 8-node quadrilateral isoparametric elements are considered.
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  • 143
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
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  • 144
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 583-589 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The stochastic boundary-element method (SBEM) is developed in this paper for 3D elastic problems and reliability analysis of structural components. The integral equations of BEM are derived partially by random variables, and the integral equations of SBEM are established. Considering the applied loads and the limitation of material strength to be a Gauss distribution, the numerical results in this paper show good agreement with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical solutions.
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  • 145
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 591-597 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Most commonly used second-order-accurate, dissipative time integration algorithms for structural dynamics possess a spurious root. For an algorithm to be accurate, it has been suggested that the spurious root must be small and ideally be zero in the low-frequency limit. In the paper we show that good accuracy can be achieved even if the spurious root does not tend towards zero in the low-frequency limit. This permits more flexibility in the design of time integration algorithms. As an example, we present an algorithm that has greater accuracy than several other dissipative algorithms even though for all frequencies its spurious root is non-zero. We also show that the degraded performance of the Bazzi-ρ algorithm is not due to its non-zero spurious root.
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  • 146
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 599-610 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A variational formulation for a Timoshenko beam element is derived by the separation of the deformation mode into the bending deflection and shear deflection. Shear deflection is projected into bending deflection and the projection matrix is constructed by using the equilibrium equation and the relation of force and displacement. The exact stiffness matrix of the Timoshenko beam element can be obtained by the present method. Examples are solved in order to show the effectiveness of the beam element in comparison with other elements.
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  • 147
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 611-622 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents finite difference schemes of order two for stiff initial-value problems, with a small parameter ε multiplying the first derivative. The schemes are a modified form of the classical trapezoidal rule. They are both optimal and uniform with respect to the small parameter ε, that is, the solution of the difference schemes satisfies error estimates of the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left|{u\left({t_i} \right) - u_i} \right| \le C\ min \left({h^2,\varepsilon} \right) $$\end{document} Where C is independent of i, h and ε. Here h is the mesh size and ti in any mesh point. The schemes presented in this paper are different from the scheme of order two avaiable in the literature. Finally, numerical experiments are presented.
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  • 148
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 623-632 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The geometric non-linear behaviour of thin axisymmetric circular plates on an elastic foundation is studied in the paper by using a boundary integral equation approach. A plate analogue procedure is suggested to simplify the solution. With such simplification, the foundation reaction can be arbitrary functions of plate deflection, rotation and curvatures. The boundary integral equation of thin plates and the fundamental solution of a biharmonic equation are employed for both bending and plane stress analysis. A number of numerical examples are given in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 649-660 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new fourth-order locally one-dimensional (LOD) finite difference scheme based upon the Noye-Hayman method for one-dimensional diffusion is used to solve a two-dimensional time-dependent diffusion equation with an integral condition replacing one boundary condition. Numerical testing shows this gives better results than a locally one-dimensional scheme based on the classical forward-time centred-space (FTCS) method for one-dimensional diffusion except when the diffusion number is 1/6 and the methods are identical. Results from some numerical experiments are presented.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 633-648 
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    Notes: With special attention towards the applicability to parallel computation or vectorization, a new and effective explicit computational approach for linear complementary formulations involving a conjugate gradient based projection methodology is proposed in this study for contact problems with Coulomb friction. The overall objectives are focused towards providing an explicit methodology of computation for the complete contact problem with friction. In this regard, the primary idea for solving the linear complementary formulations stems from an established search direction which is projected to a feasible region determined by the non-negative constraint condition; this direction is then applied to the Fletcher-Reeves conjugate gradient method resulting in a powerful explicit methodology which possesses high accuracy, excellent convergence characteristics, fast computational speed and is relatively simple to implement for contact problems involving Coulomb friction. Numerical test cases are also included to demonstrate the proposed methodology for contact problems with friction.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 667-667 
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 668-670 
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 661-665 
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    Notes: An essential feature of the transient dynamic kernels for any time domain boundary integral equation is that they decay towards the static kernels for large time increments. The purpose of the paper is to show that the kernels of Mansur and Brebbia (1982), which are expressed in the form of generalized mathematical functions, do exhibit the correct decay property in contradiction to the claims of Israil and Banerjee (1990). Mansur and Brebbia express the fundamental solution wave discontinuity in terms of the generalized functions H(t) and δ(t), the Heaviside and Dirac delta functions, but do not explicitly demonstrate the required long time behaviour. In the 1990 paper the temporal discontinuity of the kernels is expressed by conventional functions in two time regimes and is shown to possess the correct long time behaviour, while it is claimed that the kernels in the 1982 paper do not. It is shown here that, assuming either constant or linear variation in time, usage of the generalized functions in the fundamental solution does yield the static fundamental solution for large time steps, as expected.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 671-672 
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  • 156
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 711-716 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We derive explicit expressions of shape functions for the 8-node serendipity element with bilinear element geometry, which is modified so that it can represent any quadratic fields in Cartesian co-ordinates. The modification is similar to the one by MacNeal and Harder, but is slightly different and based on our own idea. We also show that the usual 6-node triangular element can be obtained by applying the node degeneration technique to this modified element.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 673-681 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Timoshenko beam elements have been the subject of numerous publications. The difficulty was that of arriving at a superconvergent element with four degrees of freedom, as is the case for the Bernuli-Euler classical beam element. Two different approaches are presented here for the derivation of the shape functions. The first is based on the flexibility matrix, where utilizing the unit load method, including the term that accounts for the shear deformations in the virtual work expression, the stiffness matrix is derived. Then, a second method is presented to derive the exact shape functions, directly from the differential equations of the Timoshenko beam theory. The resulting shape functions are the same in both methods.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 683-697 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence of stress maxima, computed directly from finite element solutions, is investigated with respect to a family of exact solutions characterized by varying degrees of smoothness. The performances of h- and p-extensions and the product and trunk spaces are evaluated and documented with respect to a family of benchmark problems. In uniform p-extensions a characteristic pattern in the convergence of stress maxima was observed. There does not appear to be a clear-cut advantage of the product space over the trunk space in this respect. The much faster convergence of stress maxima in the case of p-extensions, as compared with h-extensions, is evident from the results.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 699-709 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Enhanced 8-node three-dimensional solid and 4-node shell elements are proposed in the paper. Improvement of the response of the 3-D solid is achieved through additional strains corresponding to generalized displacements incompatible between elements. In the case of the 4-node shell, the membrane behaviour is improved through addition of incompatible membrane strains.Some linear and geometrically non-linear examples demonstrate significant improvements of the elements. Results are compared with solutions obtained with the standard, displacement-based elements and with results available in the literature.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 717-730 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Factorization procedures for the efficient solution of large sparse linear finite difference systems have been introduced recently. In these procedures the large sparse symmetric coefficient matrix of a certain structure is factorized exactly, yielding a direct solution method. Furthermore, approximate factorization procedures yeild implicit preconditioning iterative methods for the finite difference solution. The numerical implementation of these algorithms is presented and Fortran subroutines for the efficient solution of the resulting sparse symmetric linear system of algebraic equations are given.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 731-734 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: It is well known that the finite element discretization with a distributed mass matrix gives overstimates of the natural frequencies of a system. The note shows that these do not necessarily become progressively worse as the frequency increases.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 751-758 
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    Notes: Semi-discretization methods with iterated corrections are considered for solving the heat equation with boundary conditions containing integrals over the interior of the interval. The given problem is transformed into an ordinary differential system of equations, when we substitute the spatial derivative by finite differences. Such a system is then solved with an implicit integrator together with a quadrature method for the boundary integrals and, for each time step, the numerical scheme - implicit integrator and quadrature method - is repeated iteratively in order to achieve a given accuracy. The extra work we need with the iterated corrections enables us to take care of the interrelation of the solution u(x, t) at the interior and at the boundary points and also to start the numerical process with rough approximations of u(0, t) and u(1, t).An improvement of the results is achieved when we estimate the local spatial truncation error and make the injection of that estimation into the ordinary differential system. Numerical experiments are presented.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 735-742 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique is presented whereby numerical calculations of vibration modes can be improved. The paper looks at the classical two-dimensional wave equation using finite difference approximations. Analysis of the numerical dispersion of the approximations is used to develop a correction method. In general the numerical dispersion is dependent upon both the frequency and the direction of a wave, but if a 9-point formula is used the directional dependence is much reduced. This enables correction factors to be obtained using only the frequency of a vibration mode. The method was tested on the vibration of a square membrane and of an L-shaped region; in both cases a marked improvement in accuracy was obtained, at very little computational cost.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 743-749 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This is a study about one of the core questions in the GMRES(k) method regarding the obtaining of vector yk for the least-squares problem, argminy |Hky - β(n)e1|2 (see Saad and Schultz1). We propose a simple but efficient approach to the resolution of this problem and a low cost computation of the residual and the residual norm, including both in a complete and detailed FGMRES(k) algorithm. The whole algorithm of minimization only involves two backward substitutions with triangular matrices and a dot product. The residual and the residual norm are computed, making use of results in the least-squares problem.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 759-760 
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 761-762 
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 773-783 
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    Notes: The paper describes a method for generating triangulations of two-dimensional domains. Firstly, a description is given of a reliable algorithm that creates a constrained Delaunay triangulation for a multiply-connected planer domain, without performing any explicit visibility computations. Then, several techniques to improve an existing triangulation are discussed. It turned out that a new variant of mesh relaxation was most effective in improving an existing triangulation. Several examples are included to illustrate the method's overall behaviour.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 785-790 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Second- and fourth-order-accurate spatial discretization methods give rise to discretization errors which are large than the corresponding subgrid terms in large eddy simulation of compressible shear layers in 2D, if the ratio between the filter width and the grid spacing is close to one. Even if an exact representation for the subgrid-scale contributions is assumed, large eddy simulation is accurate only if this ratio is sufficiently larger than one. In that regime fourth-order methods are more accurate than second-order methods. An analysis of the data obtained from two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of compressible shear layers substantiates these assertions.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 763-771 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The paper considers the solution of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation by the finite element method (FEM). The problem is set in a variational formulation suitable for the FEM. Some theoretical aspects related to applying the method are discussed. Discretization of the problem is carried out and questions of convergence and order of the method are also addressed. A numerical example is given to verify the validity of the approach.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 791-797 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: We present in this paper a nine-point, fourth-order difference scheme for the numerical solution of the quasilinear Poisson equation in polar co-ordinates, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Au_{rr} + \frac{1}{r}u_r + \frac{1}{{r^2 }}u_{\theta \theta } = f\left({r,\theta,u,u_{r,} u_\theta} \right) $$\end{document} with appropriate boundary conditions. A separate difference scheme of order four valid at r = 0 has also been obtained. The method is based on five evaluations of the function f. The numerical results of two problems obtained using this scheme are listed. The numerical results demonstrate the fourth-order accuracy of the scheme.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 809-814 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: The paper presents a probabilistic boundary element method for analysis of structural responses to static loading, when the shape parameters of structures are considered as random variables. We can use this method to evaluate the mean values and standard deviations of the responses, and estimate the stochastic errors of structural character resulting from manufacturing errors.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 815-825 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper we address the problem of 2D adaptive quadrilateral mesh generation by using the variational principles. We first find the variational integral which generates the known grid system of curve-by-curve error equidistributions. We then use the same intergral to generate a new adaptive grid system which is superior to the known system in that the new system produces smoother meshes. Moreover, the new integral may be combined linearly with existing smoothness control integrals to yield more robust adaptive grid systems. Numerical results and comparisons are reported.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 799-808 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The diffraction of waves due to the presence of submerged objects in the ocean environment is solved by a relatively novel approach involving the direct boundary integration method (DBIM). Firstly, the method is tested for the case of a submerged circular cylinder and compared with the conventional boundary element method (BEM) results. The agreement between the results using this method and the BEM is good. Further, the DBIM has been applied to the case of a submerged horizontal plate for which the horizontal and vertical force coefficients are computed and compared with a semi-analytical solution using the matched eigenfunction expansion method (EFEM). It is found that the computed results using DBIM are in good agreement with those of EFEM and BEM. Further, the DBIM is found to be computationally more efficient than the BEM for the water wave diffraction problems presented in this paper.
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  • 175
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 837-844 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A scheme is presented that automatically determines the magnitude of the time step in quasistatic boundary value problems discretized via some customary method (finite elements, finite differences). The basic idea stems from the path-following techniques widely employed in purely static analyses in the sense that the incremental displacements, measured in some suitable norm, are constrained to a prefixed value. Examples of trusses composed of a viscoelastic material are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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  • 176
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 827-835 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The generalized integral transform technique is used to reduce eigenvalue problems described by partial differential equations to algebraic ones, that can be solved by existing codes for matrix eigensystem analysis. The method is illustrated for the operators that correspond to heat and mass diffusion, but can be employed in different fields. Three examples demonstrate the potential of the method.
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  • 177
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 857-858 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 178
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 859-860 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 179
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 180
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 845-856 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Use of upwind finite element methods was so far confined to forced convection problems. The present work is devoted to the application of false diffusion techniques to phenomena involving natural convection. A range of Rayleigh numbers in which the discretization by the conventional Galerkin scheme fails is considered. A false diffusion method similar to the Streamline upwind technique has been employed to avoid cross-wind diffusion. The upwind parameter is changed continually until a true solution is obtained. The present scheme provides convenient means for obtaining gradually improved guesses from which a more accurate solution can be obtained using the conventional Galerkin method. The criterion for the determination of a true solution is established, and hot-wall Nusselt number values are documented in tabular form.
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  • 181
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 869-878 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An approach is presented for the formulation of the unilateral contact constraint in the presence of contact surface discontinuities. Such discontinuities may be due to physical corners on the surfaces of contacting bodies, or may be introduced by a discretization process (e.g. finite elements). It is asserted that a strong analogy exists between this problem and the one describing inelastic evolution in the presence of a discontinuous yield surface. This analogy is exploited to produce an effective treatment of the frictionless corner problem, complete with an effective augmented Lagrangian implementation for accurate constraint enforcement.
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  • 182
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 861-867 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper deals with a B-type strain projection method with specific reference to axisymmetric incompressible solids. Essentially the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline{\overline {\rm{B}}} $\end{document} (B double bar) method, which is reported in the present study, is based on Hughes' B-bar approach utilizing modified shape functions to represent the radial displacement and geometry. As a consequence of adopting these procedures the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline{\overline {\rm{B}}} $\end{document} method results in an exact satisfaction of incompressibility constraints. The rationale of the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline{\overline {\rm{B}}} $\end{document} method leads to the modified mean-dilatation approach for the case of an axisymmetric incompressible problem. It is interesting to note in the present work that the explicit influence of enhanced hoop strain is eliminated from the discrete divergence condition.
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  • 183
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 879-893 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interface finite element for non-linear analysis of frictionless contact problems is presented. A constitutive equation relates stresses in the interface layer to the deformation gradient with respect to an imaginary reference configuration where the layer thickness is constant and finite. The equation of equilibrium is written in the same configuration, while the boundary conditions involve stresses related to an actual reference configuration used in the formulation for the contacting bodies. Finite element discretization is introduced for the layer in order to calculate the unknown field of displacements. Computational examples demonstrate properties of the contact element and its range of applicability in the analysis of large deformation contact problems including relative sliding of curved surfaces.
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  • 184
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 895-906 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents boundary integral equation to two-dimensional elasticity with the stress component σijtitj as one of the boundary values, where ti are direction cosines of the tangent on the boundary. This form of BEM has an advantage in that the stress component σijtitj on the boundary can be calculated directly from the numerical solution. The present formulation for planar problems uses two kernels, one of which is logarithmic singular and the other is 1/r singular. The effectiveness of the approach is also discussed through some test examples.
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  • 185
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 907-911 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite difference scheme is derived to solve for the probability density that a moving point, whose velocity is continually pertubed by Gaussian white noise, reaches a given target within a given time period. The numerical scheme is applied to the problem of finding the probability that two moving spheres collide.
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  • 186
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A sixth-order and a ninth-order method are developed for the numerical solution of special non-linear third-order boundary value problems y‴ = ø(x,y), a〈 x 〈 b, y(a) = A1, y″(a) = B2 and y(b) = A2. The method arise from a four-point recurrence relation. Convergence analysis of the sixth-order method is discussed. The methods are tested on a problem. Modification to these methods are obtained for problems with boundary conditions of the form y(a) = A1, y'(a) = B1 and y(b) = A2.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 927-931 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical viscosities of finite-difference schemes are usually obtained from truncation-error analyses based on Taylor series expansions. Here we observe that numerical viscosities can also be obtained very simply and directly from the growth factor ξ in a conventional Fourier stability analysis. A general formula is derived for the numerical viscosity in terms of the first and second derivatives of ξ with respect to the wavenumber k, evaluated at k = 0. A single Fourier analysis therefore suffices to determine both stability limits and numerical viscosities.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 913-926 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Based on the concept of the Laplacian matrix of a graph, this paper presents the SGPD (spectral graph pseudoperipheral and pseudodiameter) algorithm for finding a pseudoperipheral vertex or the end-points of a pseudodiameter in a graph. This algorithm is compared with the ones by Grimes et al. (1990), George and Liu (1979), and Gibbs et al. (1976). Numerical results from a collection of benchmark test problems show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, it is shown that this algorithm can be efficiently used in conjunction with heuristic algorithms for ordering sparse matrix equations. Such heuristic algorithms, of course, must be the ones which use the pseudoperipheral vertex or pseudodiameter concepts.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 933-941 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element program is developed as a tool to analyse shells of revolution with local non-linearities. In reality, shells of revolution often exhibit local deviations, like a cut-out, a junction and/or an imperfection. The stress concentration around a local deviation may produce plasticity and/or geometric non-linearities in the surrounding region. The analytical model consists of three different types of elements: rotational, transitional and general. The rotational shell elements are used in the region where the shell is axisymmetrical and linear, while the two-dimensional general shell elements are deployed in the deviation region where non-linearities may occur. Transitional shell elements connect the two distinctively different types of elements to achieve displacement field continuities. The solution using the local-global system with appropriate condensation and a predicted stress incremental procedure is suggested. It is shown that the technique is a very attractive alternative to the entirely general element style analysis for axisymetric shell structures with local deviations.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 949-953 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 955-956 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 957-959 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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  • 194
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 961-970 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: New developments of describing the theoretical basis towards an effective virtual-pulse (VIP) time integral methodology are proposed for general non-linear transient heat transfer problems. Primarily to validate the proposed methodology of computation, simple numerical test cases are provided and comparisons are also drawn with the implicit second-order-accurate Crank-Nicolson method. For the models tested, the proposed method has comparable or improved accuracy and stability characteristics. The VIP methodology introduced here for tackling non-linear thermal problems offers attractive features and is a viable alternative to traditional time-stepping practices. Efforts are underway to demonstrate the practical applicability to multi-dimensional thermal analysis.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 983-992 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper describes an optimized computational implementation of a basic ‘building block’ for non-linear structural dynamic analysis programs: the combination of the modified Newton-Raphson iterative technique with an implicit time integration operator (in this case a member of the Newmark family), working in an incremental--iterative formulation for the equations of motion. The objective of this implementation is to attain improved computational efficiency, regarding both CPU time and memory requirements. The basic formulation and derivation are presented, along with the implementation details; the positive aspects related to the computational optimization are highlighted.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 1005-1012 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mixed variational principle is presented for the geometrically linear micropolar continuum. Then a suitable discretization and its implementation are discussed, resulting in an improved element behaviour for micropolar localization analysis. The intriguing element performance is demonstrated for the case of localization within a compression problem.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 971-981 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element models based on discrete-layer theories are presented for the coupled-field analysis of laminated plates containing piezoelectric layers. The three displacements and the electrostatic potential are treated as unknowns in this formulation, which allows for piece-wise approximations of the variables through the thickness of each layer. Two specific models are demonstrated in which the transverse displacement is either variable or constant, and the in-plane displacements and potential take piece-wise linear approximations through the thickness. The models are applied to example problems with applied surface tractions and specified surface potentials. Good agreement is found with exact solutions.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 993-1003 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: On the basis of simple one-dimensional finite element analyses, comparison in simulations of uniaxial tension using explicit dynamic and implicit static tonnulations has been made. Results show that for materials having a Hollomon-type constitutive law with power-law strain rate sensitivity, the explicit dynamic method can be employed for the quasistatic simulations of tensile tests only below the critical test velocities or critical normalized material densities. These critical values are determined numerically as a function of material parameters.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 1013-1020 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new type of B3-spline interpolation is presented. This new formulation allows the user to introduce interior point and line supports in much the same way as in a conventional finite element formulation. The bandedness and efficiency of the standard B3-spline interpolation are retained. The new formulation can be incorporated into existing B3-spline formulations with very little effort. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the new approach.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 1045-1046 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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