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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La récidive de l'hyperparathyroïdisme après parathyroïdectomie (APTX) totale complétée par une auto-transplantation a déjà été rapportée; cependant aucune donnée à propos de l'intervalle de temps séparant la greffe de la récidive et à propos de la morphologie de la récidive n'a été fournie. Seul un cas d'hyperparathyroïdisme primitif après APTX a été bien analysé. Les auteurs ont pratiqué 42 auto-transplantations pour des malades présentant un hyperparathyroïdisme dû à une insuffisance rénale chronique. Le parenchyme parathyroïdien implanté a présenté une hyperplasie typique des cellules principales. Au cours de 4–33 mois, 6 sujets ont vu s'installer une récidive d'hyperparathyroïdisme (HPT) avec des niveaux sériques de iPTH plus élevés au niveau du sang veineux prélevé au niveau du bras siège de la greffe. Ces greffes durent être supprimées. Bien que seulement 20–40 mg de tissu parathyroïdien ait été implanté, le poids des greffons excisés variait de 0,9 à 3,1 grammes. Ces greffons furent examinés au microscope classique et au microscope électronique. La taille et le contenu en DNA des nucléi furent déterminés. Dans tous les cas, une prolifération invasive des cellules parathyroïdiennes au niveau du tissu conjonctif et des muscles fut constatée, et dans 2 cas des aspects mitotiques semblables à ceux caractérisant les néoformations malignes de la parathyroïde furent décelés. De ces constatations cliniques et morphologiques les auteurs tirent les conclusions suivantes: 1. Le traitement chirurgical de l'hyperparathyroïdisme d'origine rénale par parathyroïdectomie complétée par une auto-transplantation peut aboutir à une prolifération rapide du fragment de tissu parathyroïdien greifé. 2. En raison de ce caractère prolifératif, il existe un risque possible d'essaimage de tissu parathyroïdien auto-greffé. 3. L'ablation du greffon peut être difficile et conduire à des interventions chirurgicales répétées et considérables. 4. Devant ce phénomène dont le processus n'est pas parfaitement compris, il convient de préférer la parathyroïdectomie subtotale à la parathyroïdectomie totale avec auto-transplantation pour traiter l'hyperparathyroïdisme rénal.
    Abstract: Resumen La recurrencia del hiperparatiroidismo después de paratiroidectomía total y autotransplante ha sido informada previamente; sin embargo no se han suministrado datos relativos al lapso entre el transplante y la recaída, ni a la morfología. Sólo un caso con hiperparatiroidismo primario con autotransplante ha sido analizado en detalle. Hemos realizado el autotransplante en 42 patientes con hiperparatiroidismo debido a falla renal crónica. El tejido paratiroideo implantado exhibió típica hiperplasia de células principales. En el transcurso de 4 a 33 meses seis pacientes desarrollaron hiperparatiroidismo recurrente con demostración de altos niveles de hormona paratiroidea inmunoreactiva (iPTH) en la sangre venosa del brazo portador del transplante, y los transplantes tuvieron que ser removidos. En cuatro casos fue necesario realizar una segunda y hasta una tercera intervención operatoria antes de lograr la normalización de los niveles de iPTH. Aun cuando sólo se implantaron entre 20 y 40 mg de tejido paratiroideo, los transplantes resecados llegaron a pesar entre 0,9 y 3,1 gramos. Los transplantes removidos fueron examinados mediante microscopía de luz y electrónica, y el tamaño y contenido de DNA del núcleo fueron determinados. En la totalidad de los casos, el material explantado exhibió un definido patrón de crecimiento invasivo hacia los tejidos conectivos y músculos vecinos y en 2 casos se demostraron figuras mitósicas, un hallazgo que simula a una neoplasia maligna de la paratiroides. Con base en nuestras observaciones clínicas y morfológicas hemos formulado las siguientes conclusiones: 1. El tratamiento quirúrgico del hiperparatiroidismo renal por medio de la paratiroidectomía total y autotransplante, inesperadamente puede resultar en un crecimiento muy acelerado del tejido transplantado. 2. Debido al crecimiento invasivo, existe el peligro de una extensión incontrolada del tejido paratiroideo. 3. La remoción del transplante puede resultar difícil y puede necesitar cirugía extensa y repetida. 4. Antes de que este fenómeno pueda ser mejor comprendido, nos abstenemos de recomendar la paratiroidectomía total con autotransplante como alternativa a la paratiroidectomía subtotal en el tratamiento quirúrgico del hiperparatiroidismo renal.
    Notes: Abstract Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) following total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation (APTX) has been reported before. However, no data about the time interval between grafting and relapse and about morphology were given. Only 1 case of primary hyperparathyroidism with APTX has been extensively analyzed. We have performed autotransplantation in 42 patients with HPT due to chronic renal failure. Implanted parathyroid tissue showed typical chief cell hyperplasia. Within 4–33 months, 6 patients developed recurrent HPT with serum iPTH levels being highest in venous blood of the grafted arm. Grafts had to be removed. Although only 20–40 mg of parathyroid tissue had been implanted, removed grafts weighed from 0.9 to 3.1 g. Explanted grafts were examined by light and electron microscopy. The size and DNA content of nuclei were determined. In all cases the explanted material showed a distinct invasive growth into the adjacent connective tissue and muscles and in 2 cases mitotic figures were demonstrated, a finding resembling malignant neoplasia of the parathyroid. From our clinical and morphological observations we draw the following conclusions: 1. Surgical treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism by PTX + Auto-TX unforeseeably may result in very accelerated growth of grafted tissue. 2. Because of invasive growth there exists the risk of uncontrolled spread of parathyroid tissue. 3. Graft removal may turn out to be difficult and possibly necessitate repeated and extensive surgery. 4. Before the observed phenomenon is totally understood, we no longer recommend PTX + Auto-TX as an alternative to subtotal PTX in the surgical treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 840-842 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 914-919 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Erythropoietin ; Hypertension ; Erythropoietin ; Hypertonie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeit von rekombinantem humanem Erythropoietin (rhEpo) bei der Korrektur der Anämie des terminal niereninsuffizienten dialysepflichtigen Patienten ist in mehreren Studien belegt. Eine deutliche Verbesserung der physischen Leistungsfähigkeit konnte durch ergometrische Untersuchungen dokumentiert werden. Neben seltenen Shunt-Thrombosen ist die einzige relevante unerwünschte Wirkung von rhEpo die Entwicklung oder Aggravierung einer Hypertonie bei etwa 30% der behandelten Patienten. Bei ca. 2% der Patienten kam es zur hypertensiven Enzephalopathie mit zentralnervöser Symptomatik. Als Ursache für diese Hypertonie-Entwicklung ist ein Anstieg des peripheren Widerstands anzunehmen. Belege dafür sind Messungen des regionalen Blutflusses mit Plethysmographie vor und nach Anämie-Korrektur mit rhEpo. Ursache für den Widerstandsanstieg wiederum dürfte eine Zunahme der Vollblutviskosität und eine Abnahme der peripheren hypoxiebedingten Vasodilatation sein. Zur Prävention der hypertensiven Komplikationen bei rhEpo-Therapie werden eine langsame Hämatokrit-Korrektur über 12–16 Wochen und eine Begrenzung des Ziel-Hämatokrits auf 30–35 Vol. % bei strikter Blutdruck- und Volumenkontrolle empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) has been demonstrated in several studies to be effective in correcting the anemia of regular dialysis patients. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of the physical work capacity shown by exercise testing. The main side effect of rhEpo treatment has been the development or aggravation of hypertension in approximately 30% of the treated patients. In 2% hypertensive encephalopathy and convulsions occured. Data obtained by measurements of regional blood flow indicate the peripheral resistance did increase probably due to rise of blood viscosity and reversal of preexisting hypoxic vasodilatation. To avoid hypertensive complications anemia should be corrected slowly over a period of 12–16 weeks. Target hematocrit should not exceed 30–35 vol. %. Blood pressure and volume status should be monitored closely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. S120 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Kidney ; Antihypertensive drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antihypertensive therapy influences kidney function by different mechanisms depending on the mode of action of the drug used. The GFR is improved by calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors, unaffected by vasodilators, α-blockers and centrally acting sympatholytics and impaired by β-blockers. The same is true for renal blood flow and is due to changes of renal vascular resistance. Renal sodium excretion is impaired mostly by vasodilators, by α-blockers, sympatholytics and β-blockers; in contrast, calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors acutely induce natriuresis. The RAAS is stimulated by vasodilators, unaffected by α-blockers and sympatholytics and suppressed by β-blockers. Plasma catecholamines are stimulated by vasodilators and suppressed by centrally acting sympatholytics and unaffected by the others. Induction of acute renal functional impairment is reported for ACE inhibitors under conditions of compromised renal perfusion pressure such as in renal artery stenosis. These data from the literature reviewed are supported by our own experimental data on sodium balance under different drugs and micropuncture data in experimental renal artery stenosis. To achieve effective antihypertensive treatment with a low profile of side effects, careful monitoring of renal function seems to be mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 259-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0090-6980
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 6 (1988), S. 66-69 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Decision making in renal transplantation is largely based on considerations concerning risk factors in the treatment of end-stage renal disease. The attempt to identify minimize individual risks has proven to be a key to success in renal transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Hypoxia ; Ischemia ; Acute phase proteins ; Cardiac arrest ; Infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Inflammation and hypoxia are frequently associated, but their interaction is poorly understood. In vitro studies have shown that hypoxia stimulates the genes of acute phase proteins (APP) and cytokines known to induce APP. We decided to determine kinetics and potential determinants of an acute phase response after cardiac arrest and to assess whether isolated moderate hypoxia can induce APP in humans in vivo. Design: Prospective, observational study in patients and human experiment. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. Patients and participants: 22 patients after primarily successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 7 healthy volunteers. Interventions: None in patients; exposure of volunteers to simulated altitude (460 torr/6 h). Results: Following CPR, type-1 APP (C-reactive protein, α1-acidglycoprotein, serum amyloid A) and type-2 APP (haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin) increased consistently within 1–2 days and the ’negative' APP transferrin was downregulated. This APP response occurred irrespective of the cause of arrest, the estimated time of anoxia, clinical course or patient outcome and was not different in patients with and without infectious complications. Exposure of healthy volunteers to less severe but more prolonged hypoxia did not induce APP, although a time dependent increase of serum erythropoietin (EPO) was measurable under these conditions, indicating the activation of oxygen dependent gene expression. Conclusions: (i) A marked acute phase response occurs regularly after cardiac arrest, but within the complexity of this situation the severity of hypoxia is not a predominant determinant of this response. (ii) Despite in vitro evidence for similarities in the oxygen dependent regulation of APP and EPO production, the oxygen sensitivity of these proteins in vivo is different. (iii) Measurements of APP are not revealing regarding infectious complications in the early phase after CPR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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