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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using portable equipment: a multicenter study (1997)
    Springer
    Der Urologe 36 (1997), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy • Complications • Mobile unit lithotripsy ; Schlüsselwörter Extrakorporale Stoßwellenlithotripsie • Komplikationen • Transportable ESWL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Transportable Lithotripsiegeräte werden in zunehmendem Maße in urologischen Kliniken zur Harnsteinbehandlung eingesetzt, wenn kein festinstallierter Lithotriptor vorhanden ist bzw. eine solche Anschaffung als unrentabel angesehen wird. In der vorliegenden Studie wird überprüft, inwieweit die Komplikationsrate bei diskontinuierlicher Anwendung der ESWL mit transportablen Lithotripsiesystemen von den bekannten Komplikationsdichten aus etablierten Zentren verschieden ist. An bis zu 54 Kliniken wurde die Komplikationsrate bei diskontinuierlicher Anwendung transportabler Lithotripsiesysteme von 1993–1995 bei insgesamt 12 901 Therapien erfaßt. Schwerwiegende Komplikationen ergaben sich in insgesamt 85 Fällen (0,66 %). Die Mehrzahl davon (n = 64) waren intra- oder perirenale Hämatome; 3mal mußte nephrektomiert werden. Die Mortalität lag bei 0 %. Für die einzelnen Komplikationen lassen sich aus diesen Fallzahlen Wahrscheinlichkeiten ihres Auftretens berechnen. Insgesamt zeigt die Untersuchung, daß die ESWL mit mobilen Systemen mit der gleichen geringen Komplikationsrate angewendet werden kann, wie sie von etablierten Steinzentren bekannt ist.
    Notes: Summary An increasing number of urological departments are taking advantage of portable lithotripsy units if a system is not available in their clinic or purchase does not seem feasible; however, infrequent application of ESWL in such a setting should not increase the rate of complications. From 1993 to 1995, up to 54 urological departments using mobile lithotripsy units collected data concerning all major complications. A total of 12 901 treatments were performed which led to 85 major complications (0.66 %). Of them 64 were intrarenal or perirenal hematomas. There was no fatal complication. In three patients nephrectomy had to be performed subsequently. The probability of complications can be calculated according to these data. Overall, less frequent application of ESWL does not yield higher complication rates than those at ESWL centers where larger numbers of treatments are performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001200050092
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinduced Electron-Transfer in Porphyrin-quinone Cyclophanes, 15.Part 14: Ref. Distance Dependence of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer: Syntheses and Structures of Naphthalene-Spacered Porphyrin-Quinone Cyclophanes (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 2321-2336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Photoinduced electron-transfer, distance dependence ; Naphthalene-spacered porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Synthesis, conformations, structural analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses, conformational and structural analyses of porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes 2 with naphthalene-spacers are presented and the findings are compared with data for previously investigated analogous benzene-spacered compounds 1. In combination with data for the biphenylene- and anthracene-spacered porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes 3 and 4, to be published in following papers, the results reported herein allow some appraisal to be made of the distance dependences of photoinduced electron-transfer from porphyrin to quinone units.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719971121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, 51. [3](N,N′)-1,8;4,5-Naphthalenetetracarboxdiimido- [3](2,7)Pyrenophane and Its [4,4]Cyclophane Homologue (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 1551-1556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Intramolecular electron donor-acceptor interactions ; [3.3]- and [4.4]Cyclophanes of pyrene and 1,4;5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide ; Charge transfer ; Through-space interactions ; UV/Vis spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron donor-acceptor cyclophanes 1 and 2, consisting of pyrene as the donor component and 1,8;4,5-naphthalenete-tracarboxdiimide as the acceptor component fixed by methylene chains in parallel face-to-face orientations, have been synthesized. The structures, based on an X-ray analysis of 1 and on spectroscopic properties, are discussed with reference to intramolecular charge-transfer interactions and are compared to those of the related excimer models [3.3]- and [4.4]pyrenophanes 3 and 4.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970735
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, 45 Syntheses of [2.2]-, [3.3]-, and [4.4]Paracyclophanes with 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene Units as Electron Acceptors (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die [2.2]Paracyclophane 1-4, die Tetracyanbenzol(TCNB)-Einheiten gegenüber von verschiedenen Elektron-Donor-Komponenten enthalten, wurden über die entsprechend substituierten Dithia[3.3]paracyclophane 8, 10, 12, und 14. synthetisiert. Für die Pyrolyse der davon abgeleiteten Disulfone 9, 11, 13 und 15 mußte wegen der sehr niedrigen Flüchtigkeit dieser Verbindungen eine Modifikation der konventionellen Pyrolyse-Methode benutzt werden. - Die Synthesen der [3.3]Paracyclophane 16-18 über die Dithia[4.4]paracyclophane 19, 21 und 23 und die entsprechenden Disulfone 20, 22 und 24 und werden beschrieben. Die [4.4]Paracyclophane 32 und 33 wurden aus den betreffenden Dithia[5.5]paracyclophanen 34 und 36 durch Pyrolyse der disulfone 35 und 37 dargestellt. - Als Cyclisierungskomponenten für die Synthese der erwähnten Dithiaparacyclophane wurden verschiedene neue 1,4-Bis(mercaptoalkyl)benzole mit Elektron-Donor-substituenten sowie das TCNB-Derivat 5 dargestellt.
    Notes: [2.2]Paracyclophanes 1-4 containing tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) units opposite to different electron donor components have been synthesized via the corresponding substituted dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes 8, 10, 12, and 14. For the pyrolysis of the disulfones 9, 11, 13, and 15 derived therefrom, due to the very low volatility of these compounds, a modification of the conventional pyrolysis method had to be used. - The syntheses of [3.3]paracyclophanes 16-18 via the dithia[4.4]paracyclophanes 19, 21, and 23 and the corresponding disulfones 20, 22, and 24 are described. [4.4]Paracyclophanes 32 and 33 were prepared from the respective dithia[5.5]paracyclophanes 34 and 36 by pyrolysis of the disulfones 35 and 37. - As cyclisation components for the synthesis of the mentioned dithiaparacyclophanes several new 1,4-bis(mercaptoalkyl)benzenes with electron-donating substituents were prepared as was the TCNB derivative 5.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200414
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Strukturanalyse eines stabilen 9,10-Anthrachinodimethans (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Starting from 1,4,5,8-tetrachloroanthraquinone by reaction with methyllithium and subsequent elimination 1,4,5,8-tetrachloro-9,10-anthraquinodimethane (1) was obtained. The special stability of this quinodimethane is ascribed to the sterical situation which is discussed on the basis of an X-ray structural analysis of 1.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 1,4,5,8-Tetrachloranthrachinon wurde durch Umsetzung mit Methyllithium und anschließende Eliminierung 1,4,5,8-Tetrachlor-9,10-anthrachinodimethan (1) erhalten. Die besondere Stabilität dieses Chinodimethans wird auf die sterischen Verhältnisse zurückgeführt, die aufgrund der Röntgen-Strukturanalyse von 1 diskutiert werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron donor-acceptor compounds, 44 synthesis, molecular structure, and electron-donor properties of pseudogem-5,8,14,17-Tetrakis(dimethylamino)[3.3]paracyclophane (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Titelverbindung 1, die aus zwei N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamin(TMPD)-Einheiten in einem [3.3]Paracyclophan-System besteht, wurde ausgehend von 2 über 3-10 und 13 synthetisiert. Die Molekülstruktur von 1 wird aufgrund einer Röntgen-Strukturanalyse diskutiert. über Elektron-Donor-Eigen-schaften von 1 wird berichtet.
    Notes: The title compound 1 consisting of two N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) units in a [3.3]paracyclophane system has been synthesized starting from 2 via 3-10 and 13. The molecular structure of 1 is discussed on the basis of an X-ray structure analysis. Electron-donor properties of 1 are reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    9,12,22,25-Tetramethoxy[7.7]paracyclophan-4,17-dion:Synthese und Molekülstruktur (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Starting from 1,4-bis-(3-iodopropyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (3) via the reaction to the corresponding bis(1,3-dithian-2-yl) compound 4 and its double alkylation by 3 the 22-membered ring system of 5 was obtained from which 9,12,22,25-tetramethoxy[7.7]paracyclophane-4,17-dione (1) was prepared. The molecular structure of 1 is discussed on the basis of an X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 1,4-Bis(3-iodpropyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzol (3) wurde über die Reaktion zu der entsprechenden Bis(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-Verbindung 4 und deren erneute doppelte alkylierung durch 3 das 22-gliedrige Ringsystem von 5 aufgebaut, aus dem 9,12,22,25-Tetramethoxy[7.7]paracyclophan-4,17-dion (1) erhalten wurde. Die Molekülstruktur von 1 wird auf der Grundlage einer Röntgen-Strukturanalyse diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, 46 Molecular Structures and Charge-Transfer Absorptions of [2.2]-, [3.3]-, and [4.4] Paracyclophanes with Tetracyanobenzene as Acceptor Unit (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Molekülstrukturen der Elektron-Donor-Acceptor-[2.2]- und -[3.3]Paracyclophane 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 und 11 werden im Hinblick auf sterische und elektronische Effekte auf der Grundlage von Röntgen-Strukturanalysen diskutiert. Die Charge-Transfer-Absorptionen von 1-9 wurden bestimmt; sie werden in Beziehung zur Variation der Elektron-Donor-Stärke und des Donor-Acceptor-Abstands behandelt.
    Notes: Based on X-ray analyses the molecular structures of the electron donor-acceptor [2.2]- and [3.3]paracyclophanes 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 11 are discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects. The charge-transfer absorptions of 1-9 were measured and are dealt with in correlation to the variation of the strength of the electron donors and of the donor-acceptor distances in the series 1-9.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quino[7,8-h]quinoline, a New Type of “Proton Sponge”New “Proton Sponges,” Part 4. - Part 3: [1c]. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 460-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: So far, “proton sponges” have been defined as bis(dialkylamino)arenes whose dialkylamino groups are in close spatial proximity.[1] The unusual basicity of these compounds is ascribed to the destabilizing overlap of the lone electron pairs on the nitrogen atoms, to the formation of especially strong hydrogen bonds in the monoprotonated diamines, and to the hydrophobic shielding of these hydrogen bonds. In order to differentiate and assess the relative importance of these factors, we were interested in quino[7,8-h]quinoline 1, whose nitrogen atoms exhibit a mutual orientation similar to that in 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene 2 (“proton sponge”). In contrast to 2, however, 1 lacks the hydrophobic shielding of the hydrogen bonds of its monoprotonated derivative. This shielding is considered to be responsible for the low rates of proton transfer, which make the “proton sponges” reported so far unsuitable as auxiliary bases in chemical reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198704601
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chino[7,8-h]chinolin, ein „Protonenschwamm“ neuen TypsNeue „Protonenschwamm“-Verbindungen, 4. Mitteilung. - 3. Mitteilung: [1c]. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 99 (1987), S. 460-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19870990512
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