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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Guttural Pouch is not Present in the White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum); Morphology of the Eustachian Tube and Nasopharynx (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nasopharynx and eustachian tube (auditory tube) were morphologically examined in the white rhinoceros. The narrow nasopharynx cavity was enlarged dorsoventrally. The most lateral part of both sides sharply rises in a dorsal direction and the volume is estimated at 173 cc. The eustachian tube is 145 mm in length from the auditory bulla to the nasopharynx. The hyaline cartilage is well-developed in the middle region of the eustachian tube wall. The results demonstrated that the white rhinoceros does not have a guttural pouch. We suggest that the occurrence of the guttural pouch may not be dependent on the phylogenetic status of perissodactyls such as horse, donkey and tapir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00202.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Gastroprokinetic Agent TKS159: 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrrolidinyl]-2-methoxybenzamide (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1527-1529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270198003722
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft X-ray Beamline Specialized for Actinides and Radioactive Materials Equipped with a Variably Polarizing Undulator (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597010273
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of adenosine A2 receptors enhances high K+-evoked taurine release from rat hippocampus: A microdialysis study (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Adenosine ; Taurine ; Hippocampus ; Microdialysis ; Spreading depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to examine which type of adenosine receptors was involved in enhancement of high K+-evoked taurine release fromin vivo rat hippocampus using microdialysis. Perfusion with 0.5 or 5.0 mM adenosine enhanced high K+-evoked taurine release. Perfusion with 2μM R(−)-N6-2-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, did not modulate taurine release. Perfusion with 1μM 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, increased taurine release. On the other hand, perfusion with 20μM 2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5′-N-ethyl-carboxamideadenosine (CGS21680), a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, enhanced taurine release, while perfusion with 1 mM 3,7-dimethyl-propagylxanthine (DMPX), an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist, did not affect taurine release. These results demonstrate that adenosine enhances high K+-evoked taurine release via activation of adenosine A2A receptors from both neurons and glial cells ofin vivo rat hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345279
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of SHP2, a protein-tyrosine phosphatase with SRC homology-2 domains, in various types of renal tumour (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma ; SHP2 ; Protein tyrosine phosphatase ; Renal oncocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  SHP2, a widely distributed protein-tyrosine phosphatase with src homology-2 (SH2) domains, is highly expressed in the brain and may play a role in synaptic communications or cellular proliferation. In this study, we examined SHP2 protein expression in 110 renal cell tumours of various histological subtypes, including clear, granular, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct, and sarcomatoid-type renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and oncocytoma. SHP2 was expressed predominantly in normal distal tubules and collecting ducts, and positivity in various types of renal tumours was as follows: clear cell RCC, 0% (0/77 cases); granular, 7.7% (1/13); papillary, 50% (3/6); sarcomatoid, 0% (0/1); chromophobe, 85.7% (6/7); collecting duct carcinoma, 0% (0/2); oncocytoma, 100% (4/4). Clear and granular-type RCCs showed a very low but positive expression of SHP2. Chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma showed the highest rates and strongest intensities of SHP2 protein on immunostaining. SHP2 may serve as a powerful marker in detecting rare tumours. Estimates of its expression may be useful in histological diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050257
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Present Status and Performance of SPring-8 Front Ends (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 1195-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: SPring-8 front ends have a novel structure which makes it easy to rearrange them and exchange the components. The structure has a common support for all the components except X-ray beam-position monitors and lead collimators. The alignment of the common support as well as the components was carried out with an accuracy of 0.25 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions. Replaceable pumping systems have also been placed on the common support and have achieved a vacuum of 2 × 10−8 Pa at the upstream part of the front ends without synchrotron radiation. During the commissioning with synchrotron radiation, the pumping systems displayed good pumping-down characteristics. Commissioning has been successfully performed for four standard in-vacuum X-ray undulators and three bending-magnet-beamline front ends up to July 1997. Measurements of temperature rise show that absorber, pre-slits and XY slits can handle the anticipated maximum heat load at a ring current of 100 mA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598002088
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) in afferent and glomerular endothelial cells is involved in glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetic nephropathy (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1426-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Nitric oxide (NO) ; endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) ; diabetic nephropathy ; afferent arterioles ; glomerular hyperfiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is reported in the diabetic kidney and considered to be involved in glomerular hyperfiltration. The precise mechanism of NO production in the diabetic kidney is, however, not known. In this report, we compare the localization of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) isoform expression in the kidney tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and 5/6 nephrectomized rats and clarify the pivotal role of ecNOS for the glomerular hyperfiltration in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. In diabetic rats, the diameters of afferent arterioles, the glomerular volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary NO2/NO3 were increased after the induction of diabetes. Efferent arterioles were, however, not altered. Insulin or L-NAME treatment returned the diameters of afferent arterioles, glomerular volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary NO2/NO3 to normal. The expression of ecNOS in afferent arterioles and glomeruli of diabetic rats increased during the early stages of the disease, but was not altered in efferent arterioles. Treatment with either insulin or L-NAME decreased ecNOS expression in afferent arterioles and in glomeruli. In contrast, the ecNOS expression was upregulated in both afferent and efferent arterioles and in the glomeruli of 5/6 nephrectomized rats, where the dilatation of afferent and efferent arterioles and glomerular enlargement were observed. Treatment with L-NAME ameliorated the ecNOS expression and dilatation of arterioles. We conclude that enhanced NO synthesis by ecNOS in afferent arterioles and glomerular endothelial cells in response to the hyperglycaemic state could cause preferential dilatation of afferent arterioles, which ultimately induces glomerular enlargement and glomerular hyperfiltration. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1426–1434]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051088
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between the development of hepato-renal toxicity and cadmium accumulation in rats given minimum to large amounts of cadmium chloride in the long-term: preliminary study (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 72 (1998), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words CdCl2 ; Chronic toxicity ; Body burden ; of Cd ; Renal toxicity ; Liver toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We wished to clarify the relationship between the sensitivity to induce hepato-renal toxicity and the level of cadmium (Cd) in the organs of rats exposed to minimum to large amounts of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). For this purpose, groups of female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, each consisting of 24 animals, were fed diet containing CdCl2 at concentrations of 0, 8, 40, 200, and 600 ppm for 2, 4, and 8 months from 5 weeks of age. All surviving rats given 600 ppm Cd were killed at 4␣months because of deterioration of their general condition. Animals of this group showed anemia and decreased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, in addition to reduction of cancellous bone in their femurs. Hepatotoxicity was observed after 2 months in the groups treated with 200 ppm. By 4 months, the rats in the 600 ppm group had developed periportal liver cell necrosis. Renal toxicity characterized by degeneration of proximal tubular epithelia was apparent in the groups treated with 200 ppm from 2 months, becoming more prominent in the high-dose rats at 4 months. Hepatic accumulation of Cd increased linearly with the duration of treatment. In contrast, the concentration of Cd in the renal cortex of rats treated with 600 ppm reached a plateau level of ∼250 μg/g within the first 2 months. The renal concentration of Cd in the 200 ppm group when renal toxic lesions were first detected at 2 months ranged from 104 to 244 μg/g. No renal lesions were observed in the 40 ppm group after 8 months, despite the presence of 91–183 μg/g of Cd in the kidneys. The results thus suggest that renal toxicity would not be induced by treatment with minimum amounts of CdCl2 for periods longer than 8 months, although accumulation of Cd might gradually progress. A further 2-year feeding study of CdCl2 and Cd-polluted rice is now in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050541
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical study of the photochemical reductive elimination and thermal oxidative addition of molecular hydrogen from and to the Ir-complex (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 99 (1998), S. 210-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Key words: Iridium complexes ; Photochemical reductive elimination of H2 ; Thermal oxidative addition of H2 ; Symmetry adapted cluster (SAC)/SAC-configuration interaction method ; Excited states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. The electronic mechanisms of the cyclic processes of photochemical reductive elimination of H2 from [IrClH2(PH3)3] and thermal oxidative addition of H2 to [IrCl(PH3)3] are investigated theoretically. The geometries of the ground and excited states are optimized using the Hartree-Fock and single excitation configuration interaction methods, respectively, and higher level calculations for the ground and excited states are carried out by the symmetry adapted cluster (SAC)/SAC–configuration interaction method. The present calculation shows that the reductive elimination of H2 from [IrClH2(PH3)3] dose not occur thermally but photochemically through diabatic conversion from the lowest A′ excited state to the ground state (A′), while the oxidative addition of H2 to [IrCl(PH3)3] easily proceeds thermally. The lowest 1A′ excited state involves the nature of the Ir-H2 antibonding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002140050327
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesangial cell activation in the collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Type III collagen ; Myofibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy is a new disease entity of unknown pathogenesis, which is characterized by the deposition of type III collagen within the mesangial matrix. We have investigated a case in which many mesangial cells in the type III collagen-deposited glomeruli were α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) positive and showed an increase of subplasmalemmal filaments, indicating the activation and myofibroblastic transformation. It is suggested that the activated mesangial cells may synthesize the type III collagen deposited in the subendothelial space and mesangial matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050234
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