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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magneto-optical Kerr effect enhancement in layered CoMn/Si structures (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6788-6790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For sputtered Co57Mn43/Si film samples with different ferromagnetic thickness, the spectra of the complex magneto-optical polar Kerr rotation and optical constants were ex-situ measured. For 5 nm-thick Co57Mn43 film, the Kerr rotation around 4.3 eV was enhanced by a factor of about 10 times with lower loss of the signal intensity as compared to the thick film. Numerical calculations show that the enhancement effect is attributed to an interplay between optical properties of Co57Mn43 and substrate Si that has a strong interband transition (E2) near 4.3 eV. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372842
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of ECR ion sources in China (invited) : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 646-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recent development of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources in China is reviewed. Emphasis is put on high charge state ECR ion sources which have been mainly developed in China by Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). Presently two ECR ion sources built by IMP for highly charged ion beams are put into operation for cyclotrons and atomic physics research. The development of high charge state ECR ion sources at IMP has progressed with a new magnetic field configuration, better condition for extraction of highly charged ions, high mirror magnetic field, large plasma volume, and special techniques to provide extra cold electrons. These techniques greatly enhance the production of highly charged ions from IMP ECR ion sources. So far more than 185 eμA of Ar11+ and 50 eμA of Xe26+ were produced by the IMP ECR ion sources. The metallic ion beam production was tested and the first beam 40Ca11+ was provided to the cyclotrons at IMP. The beam intensity of 40Ca11+ could reach 130 eμA. The next part of this article will report the latest progress of 2.45 GHz ECR ion sources in China. A 2.45 GHz compact permanent magnet proton ion source was designed and constructed by IMP. A new microwave feeding system is applied on this ion source. The ion source is able to deliver 90 mA of mixed ion beam (H1++H2++H3+) after preliminary commissioning. The article also mentions a small 2.45 GHz ECR ion source which was built by Sichuan University and used for industry applications. The dependence of plasma density and electron temperature on radio frequency power, neutral gas pressure, and different microwave windows was measured by a Langmuir probe on this ion source. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150337
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shocks associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz-resistive instability (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2842-2848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, a new type of shock associated with magnetic reconnection processes has been explored using a compressible magnetohydrodynamics simulation method. The simulations have shown that, when there are strong field-aligned shear flows at the two sides of a current sheet, the coupling mode between Kelvin–Helmholtz and resistive instabilities will appear; further, reflected shocks and incident shocks can be produced at both sides of the boundary layer. Both the reflected shocks and incident shocks are fast shocks, through which the magnetic field strength, density, and temperature all increase sharply, while the plasma velocity decreases steeply. It is expected that some inhomogeneous structures can be formed at plasma boundary layer regions due to the existence of fast field-aligned shear flow driven shocks. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874133
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drift mobility of semiconductive La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films measured using the traveling wave method (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 580-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conductivity and the drift mobility of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films deposited on fused silica substrates at 650 °C by pulsed-laser deposition have been measured by using the traveling-wave method. At room temperature, La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films with semiconductivity have a hole density of 1×1021 cm−3, and drift mobility of 0.01 cm2/V s. The films underwent a paraferromagnetic transition around 240 K. The hopping process and tunneling effect of small polarons may be responsible for the conductive behavior above the Curie temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125823
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for ferroelectric border traps near the SrBi2Ta2O9/Si interface through capacitance–voltage measurement (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 564-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor (MFS) structure has been developed by depositing SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films directly on n-type (100) Si by pulsed laser deposition. In the MFS structure, evidence for ferroelectric border traps in the SBT film has been obtained by high-frequency capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement. When the ramp rate of voltage is higher than 200 mV/s, typical ferroelectric C–V hysteresis loops with the counterclockwise direction are obtained in C–V plots. When the ramp rate is lower than 80 mV/s, the ferroelectric hysteresis loops are replaced by the trap-induced ones with the clockwise direction. This pronounced change results from the fact that more and more border traps in SBT can communicate with the underlying Si. The border-trap density at the ramp rate of 10 mV/s is as high as 1.8×1012 cm−2. Moreover, the width of the hysteresis loops changes linearly with the logarithmic decrease in ramp rate, which is consistent with the ferroelectric border traps communicating with Si by tunneling or a thermally activated process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.127045
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric properties of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 thin films (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3112-3114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi-based layered ferroelectric thin films of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 (SBTi) were prepared by pulsed-laser deposition. The c-axis-oriented SBTi films were grown on SrRuO3 seeded Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates while polycrystalline SBTi films were grown on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates. The measurements of ferroelectricity revealed that the direction of spontaneous polarization was not along the c axis since the polarization of c-axis-oriented films was much less than that of randomly oriented films. There was no significant degradation of switchable charge at least up to 1011 cycles for the randomly oriented films, suggesting that, even with Ti which was widely accepted to contribute to the fatigue of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, SBTi showed superior fatigue characteristics. The randomly oriented films also showed excellent retention characteristics after 105 s. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126540
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and positional assessments of TMJ components and lateral pterygoid muscle in relation to symptoms and occlusion of patients with temporomandibular disorders (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Disc displacement is accepted as one of major findings in temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, the associations of disc positions with morphological and positional changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components and lateral pterygoid (LP), TMD clinical symptoms, and occlusion have rarely been discussed quantitatively. In this study, the morphological and positional changes of TMJ components and LP were assessed by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tomography of the TMJ in 41 TMD and nine control (CN) subjects. Disc positions in TMD subjects were divided into normal position (NP) and anterior displacement with and without reduction (ADR+ and ADR−, respectively). From MRI scans and tomograms, the morphological and positional changes of TMJ components and LP were measured and compared among CN, NP, ADR+ and ADR− groups. Correlations between these measurements and the scored clinical symptoms and occlusal factors were analysed in TMD subjects. The results indicated that: (1) TMJ osseous structures and LP showed no significant difference among CN and the three TMD groups, except for a posterior seat of condyle and shorter/steeper condylar movement during jaw opening; (2) disc length and inclination were significantly shorter and steeper, respectively, in ADR+ and ADR−; (3) disc positions were not specified by clinical symptoms and occlusal factors, except for the dominant TMJ sounds in ADR+; (4) an uncoordinated movement of the condyle/disc complex was found in ADR+ and/or ADR−; (5) TMJ osseous structures and the disc were weakly associated with clinical symptoms and occlusal factors. However, the LP showed negative associations with palpable pain for both the TMJ and jaw muscles and the static occlusal factors. These findings suggest that TMJ internal derangements are more related to the positional changes or spatial relationships of TMJ components but less to the individual morphologies of TMJ osseous structures, disc and LP, as well as specific clinical symptoms and occlusal factors, which might be in disagreement with a large body of previous statements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00622.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic Source Characteristics of Nine Strong Earthquakes from 1988 to 1990 and Earthquake Activity since 1970 in the Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Zone of China (2000)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 1423-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet), seismic source, rupture, earthquake activity, single-link cluster.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Qinghai and Xizang (Tibet) are situated in a very active seismic zone. From 1988 to 1990, nine strong earthquakes (M 〉 5.9) occurred in these provinces. A method of analyzing seismic waveforms using apparent source time functions (aSTF) and apparent time differences (aTD) is adopted to derive rupture characteristics for the strong earthquakes. Combining the source characteristics with aftershock data, regional tectonics and geology, this paper examines the migration of strong earthquakes. The Qinghai earthquakes in this study were found to have strong reverse-slip faulting, which is different from the strike-slip focal mechanisms of past earthquakes in the region. The steepness of compressional axes of Sichuan earthquakes is related to the local complicated tectonics. Finally, the single-link cluster (SLC) method is used to analyze the spatial-temporal behavior of the all strong earthquakes that occurred in the region since 1970. The SLC analysis suggests that the patterns of earthquake activity can be identified well and that continental earthquakes occur seemingly with basic regularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001127
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materials Creating the narrowest carbon nanotubes (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 384-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The properties of carbon nanotubes depend on their diameter and on the two integers (m,n) that describe their roll-up vector. The smallest nanotube reported previously had a diameter of 0.7 nm, the same as that of a C60 structure, although nanotubes with a diameter of 0.4 nm have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000290
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 1053-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Carbonate rock weathering ; Soil CO2 ; Atmospheric CO2 sink
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract To accurately predict future CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which is crucial in predicting global climate change, the sources and sinks of the atmospheric CO2 and their change over time must be determined. In this paper, some typical cases are examined using published and unpublished data. Firstly, the sensitivity of carbonate rock weathering (including the effects by both dissolution and reprecipitation of carbonate) to the change of soil CO2 and runoff will be discussed, and then the net amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere in the carbonate rock areas of mainland China and the world will be determined by the hydrochem-discharge and carbonate-rock-tablet methods, to obtain an estimate of the contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink. These contributions are about 0.018 billion metric tons of carbon/a and 0.11 billion metric tons of carbon/a for China and the world, respectively. Further, by the DBL (Diffusion Boundary Layer)-model calculation, the potential CO2 sink by carbonate rock dissolution is estimated to be 0.41 billion metric tons of carbon/a for the world. Therefore, the potential CO2 source by carbonate reprecipitation is 0.3 billion metric tons of carbon/a.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900072
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