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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic fluctuations in the Current Sustained Torus IV at Nagoya University (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2449-2455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed experimental investigation of plasma fluctuation and its modification due to radial electric field effects, both its shear and curvature, has been carried out on the Current Sustained Torus IV at Nagoya University [Takamura et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. 74, 38 (1998)] through measurement with an array of Langmuir probes. The observed statistical dispersion relation indicates a drift-wave-type turbulence. An examination of the radial electric field shear and curvature effects on the fluctuations as well as comparisons to theoretical predictions are presented. The decorrelation of turbulence is found to be influenced by the radial electric field shear in our experiment. A modification of the poloidal correlation length and the two-poloidal-point coherency due to the radial electric field has also been identified. Nonlinear analysis of quadratic mode coupling indicates that the radial electric field can affect the fluctuation amplitudes by modifying the coupling between different spectral components of the fluctuations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874084
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency dependence of tokamak plasma response to the externally applied rotating helical field (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3288-3300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency dependence of the tokamak plasma response to the externally applied rotating helical field was investigated by measuring the radial profile of the perturbation field with small magnetic probes which were inserted in the plasma. The experimental results are discussed, directly comparing with the generally accepted linear theory, and taking into account the E×B drift and diamagnetic effect of the plasma. It was found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simple linear analysis based on the single helicity approximation in a cylindrical geometry, except for the ergodic region, which comes from the overlapping of several sideband components of the perturbation. It is also found that the radial component of the perturbation field is still amplified inside the resonance surface (r〈rs), even when a partial shielding takes place at r(approximate)rs. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874194
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of Co–P powders produced by chemical reduction (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 7209-7212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co–P powders were produced by chemical reduction. The powders had a spherical shape with an average diameter of about 1 μm. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed that the powders were amorphous. The amorphous powders showed higher saturation magnetization than the crystalline counterparts. Heat treatment of the powders above the crystallization temperature resulted in the formation of fcc Co, hcp Co, and Co2P phases. The saturation magnetization of the annealed powders monotonically decreased as the annealing temperature increased. On the other hand, the coercivity of the annealed powders rapidly increased with increasing annealing temperature. The powders annealed at 600 °C had a saturation magnetization of 100 emu/g with a coercivity of 500 Oe. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1327290
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-Interferon enhances expression of CD14/MyD88 and subsequent responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human gingival fibroblasts (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  CD14, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88 have been shown to mediate responsiveness in host cells to lipopolysaccharide. We investigated here the regulatory effects of inflammatory cytokines on the expression of membrane CD14 (mCD14), TLR4 and MyD88, and on subsequent responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human gingival fibroblasts.Materials and methods:  Following treatment with either interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or γ-interferon (IFN-γ), expression of mCD14/TLR4 and MyD88 was determined by flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. After pretreatment with IFN-γ, cells were pre-incubated with either anti-CD14 antibody MY4 or anti-TLR4 antibody HTA125 and subsequently treated with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. Then, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and IκBα was examined by western blotting, and production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 was measured by their respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.Results:  IFN-γ stimulated expression of mCD14, whereas -1β and TNF-α did not. Expression of MyD88 but not TLR4 was also enhanced by IFN-γ. The lipopolysaccharide activated MAP kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, and IκBα and stimulated production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. The lipopolysaccharide-stimulated interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production was markedly inhibited by MY4 or HTA125. Pretreatment with IFN-γ augmented the following activation of MAP kinases and IκBα and production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in response to the lipopolysaccharide.Conclusions:  These results suggest that the augmentation by IFN-γ of the responsiveness to A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide, such as activation of MAP kinases and IκBα and terminal cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts, may be partially mediated by up-regulation of CD14 and MyD88 expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00749.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcutaneous and continuous administration of lipopolysaccharide increases serum levels of triglyceride and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in rats (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  Previous studies have suggested an association between chronic infection and cardiovascular disease, and combined infection/inflammation is frequently related with hypertriglyceridemia, which may be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. In fact, experimental transient or intermittent administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to cause hypertriglyceridemia. We investigated the effects of subcutaneous and continuous administration of LPS in rats, which was considered to mimic chronic infection such as periodontal disease, on the serum levels of lipids [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA)] and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], all of which are thought to be etiological factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Methods:  Ten fasted Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with LPS (500 µg/100 g of body weight) (LPS-injected rats; n = 5) or saline (saline-injected rats; n = 5) as a model of transient infection. Further, mini-osmotic pumps containing the same concentration of LPS (LPS-implanted rats; n = 5) or saline (saline-implanted rats; n = 5) were subcutaneously implanted into an additional 10 rats as a model of chronic infection. After the injection or implantation, time-dependent changes in serum levels of TG, TC, FFA, TNF-α, MCP-1 and LPS were determined.Results:  LPS was detected in serum until 24 h in LPS-injected rats and until day 5 in LPS-implanted rats. Serum TG levels significantly increased from 6 to 24 h in LPS-injected rats and from day 5 to 14 in LPS-implanted rats. In both LPS-injected and LPS-implanted rats, serum FFA levels increased only slightly, whereas serum TC levels did not appreciably change. Both types of LPS administration increased serum TNF-α levels transiently and MCP-1 levels continuously.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that chronic infection such as periodontal disease induces hypertriglyceridemia and increases serum MCP-1 levels in a manner that increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00716.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Different authors have postulated both toxic and protective effects for nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of active inflammation. Aim: To examine the role of NO, especially that produced by the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), by investigating the effects of NOS inhibitors and NO donors on inflammation in experimental acute colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced in rats by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). White blood cell counts and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactants in the portal blood were determined, as were histological changes in the colonic mucosa. We then evaluated the effects of NG-nitro- l-arginine methyl ester ( l-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG) and an NO donor on DSS-induced changes in these inflammatory parameters. Results and Conclusions: Inhibition of NO production by either l-NAME or AG worsened DSS-induced inflammation, suggesting a protective role for NO in acute colitis. On the other hand, a NO donor also exaggerated DSS-induced inflammatory parameters, suggesting that acute colitis may be aggravated by either too much or too little NO. These results suggest that medical treatment of ulcerative colitis must aim for maintenance of appropriate NO levels in the intestinal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.014s1026.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in mesothelial cells in peritonitis caused by perforated ulcers – an immunohistochemical study in humans (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Increasing evidence suggests that mesothelial cells contribute to the control of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity by secreting prostaglandins. A study has shown that cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 knockout mice die partly as a result of peritonitis. Aim: To investigate the expression and location of COX in peritonitis associated with peptic ulcer perforation. Methods: Gastric and duodenal tissues were collected intraoperatively from nine and four patients, respectively, and immunohistochemical staining for COX-1 and COX-2 was performed. Results: Histologically, all patients had severe peritonitis around the perforation sites, into which many inflammatory cells and fibroblasts had infiltrated, and reactive mesothelial cells exhibited hyperplastic change. The COX-1 protein was not detected, whereas COX-2 was abundant in reactive mesothelial cells near the perforation site and disappeared away from the site. Macrophages and fibroblasts around the perforation site also revealed immunostaining for COX-2. Conclusions: Our results showed that COX-2 protein is induced in mesothelial cells, as well as in macrophages and fibroblasts, in inflamed peritoneal tissues associated with peptic ulcer perforation, suggesting involvement of COX-2 in tissue repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.014s1058.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of rigor mortis is earlier in red muscle than in white muscle (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 113 (2000), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Rigor mortis ; Muscle fiber types ; Liquid paraffin ; Temperature ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Rigor mortis is thought to be related to falling ATP levels in muscles postmortem. We measured rigor mortis as tension determined isometrically in three rat leg muscles in liquid paraffin kept at 37 °C or 25 °C – two red muscles, red gastrocnemius (RG) and soleus (SO) and one white muscle, white gastrocnemius (WG). Onset, half and full rigor mortis occurred earlier in RG and SO than in WG both at 37 °C and at 25 °C even though RG and WG were portions of the same muscle. This suggests that rigor mortis directly reflects the postmortem intramuscular ATP level, which decreases more rapidly in red muscle than in white muscle after death. Rigor mortis was more retarded at 25 °C than at 37 °C in each type of muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004149900100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Grain Size and Microstructure on Appearance of Low Temperature Superplasticity in Al-Mg Alloy (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 447-448 (Feb. 2004), p. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/08/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.447-448.435.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase Behavior of La〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉MnO〈sub〉3-1.5x〈/sub〉 with Trivalent Manganese Ion (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 449-452 (Mar. 2004), p. 741-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Defect perovskite, La〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉MnO〈sub〉3-1.5x〈/sub〉 (x=0.00-0.10), was synthesized by conventional ceramic method and phase transition was measured by X-ray diffractometry, electrical conductivity, thermal diffusivity and thermal analysis. La〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉MnO〈sub〉3-1.5x〈/sub〉 (x=0.00-0.09) have single orthorhombic phase corresponding to GdFeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 type perovskite structure at room temperature, while have rhombohedral structural at high temperature. The transition temperatures observed from electric conductivity, DSC, thermal diffusivity were mostly in agreement and they slightly decrease with increasing x
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/08/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.449-452.741.pdf
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