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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Reference points ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Celloidin-embedded specimens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For three-dimensional computer graphic reconstruction of histological sections, it is important to determine reference points. We have developed a machine that makes reference points in a celloidin block for this purpose by drilling holes straight into the block. A sliding microtome is placed under the machine, which consists of a worktable, a stand, and a motor-driven unit. The celloidin block is sectioned on a microtome to determine a plane for serial sectioning. Several holes are then drilled in the block vertical to the plane selected. Serially sectioned specimens are next stained with hematoxylin and eosin and are mounted in the usual manner. Threedimensional reconstructions of the specimens were next done using a PC-9801 computer and CosmoZone-S software. As an example, the reconstruction of a guinea pig stapes is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 943-949 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nanometer-sized spherical hematite single crystals were prepared by heating the precipitate which was synthesized from Fe(OH)(CH3COO)2 and NaOH in alkaline ethanol-water solutions without the deliberate addition of surfactants or adsorbing ligands. Hematite nanocrystals (5–10 nm in diameter) and ferrihydrite (〈5 nm) were obtained from the mixture of H2O/EtOH (Rs) = 100 ml/100 ml as a initial medium, whereas goethite, hematite (20–40 nm), and ferrihydrite were precipitated at Rs = 200/0. Adsorbing ligands such as acetoxy groups and ethanol on particles retarded the hematite growth and goethite formation. TEM observation of the particles prepared at Rs = 100/100 with heat treatment at 400°C for 2 hours showed them consisting of single spherical hematite crystals 22 nm in mean diameter with narrow size distribution. Various individual effects were investigated for their contributions to crystal structure and size of precipitates; they included NaOH to Fe(OH)(CH3COO)2 ratio, solvent, dropping rate of alkaline solution, and aging time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 137 (1989), S. 421-429 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract As a new fact, the neutron emission from the d-d nuclear fusion reaction in a SiO2−D2 system has been confirmed as well as that in the Ti−D2 system. By using a liquid scintillation detector, the neutron emissions from 8 sample materials consisted of SiO2, in which a small amount of deuterium was adsorbed chemically on the surface layer, were measured in the range of temperature between liquid nitrogen temperature and 400 °C. As a result, it was demonstrated that the neutron-emission reactions take place predominantly on the surface layer of sample material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 137 (1989), S. 411-420 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Neutron emission from the d-d nuclear fusion reaction, D/d,n/3He, in and on titanium metals /titanium sponge and the mixture of titanium powder/ trapped deuterium at about 1 atm has been ascertained by using a high resolution liquid scintillation detector. The neutron emissions from 11 samples which were provided under wide varieties of conditions were measured by temperature change in the range of liquid nitrogen temperature to 350 °C. As a result, it was proved that the neutron emission observed can be divided into two types, such as cooling and heating, by the evolved conditions. Moreover, by estimating the neutron emission efficiencies of samples, it was suggested that the neutron emission reactions are closely related to the deuterium trapped in the surface of titanium metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 38 (2000), S. 251-258 
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: Anabaena variabilis ; cyanobacteria ; fluorescence microscope photographs ; orientation ; polarized spectra ; polyvinyl alcohol film ; purple bacteria ; radiation scattering ; Rhodospirillum rubrum ; Synechococcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodospirillum rubrum, Synechococcus and Anabaena variabilis) as well as their fragments embedded in isotropic and anisotropic polymer film were investigated. The orientation of photosynthetic pigments inside these organisms was compared, on the basis of the polarised absorption and fluorescence spectra, with the macroscopic orientation of investigated objects seen under microscope. The anisotropy of fluorescence was much higher than anisotropy of absorption. It showed strong influence of the photoselection by polarised radiation on the various bacterial chromophores exhibiting different orientations in the cells and various yields of fluorescence. The dimensions of cells were investigated on the basis of their photographs and by the scattering of the monochromatic radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: biliproteins ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; polyvinyl alcohol films ; transition moment orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photoacoustic spectra (PAS) were obtained for the cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Anacystis nidulans) cells embedded in isotropic and stretched polyvinyl alcohol films. The polarized radiation with the electric vector changing in 30° intervals with respect to given direction in a sample plane was used. Two cyanobacterium strains, one with very low biliprotein content, second with normal amount of biliproteins were investigated. The polarized absorption and fluorescence spectra were also measured. Conclusions were drawn about the thermal deactivation occurring in differently oriented pools of chromophores and about mutual orientation of their transition moments. Thermal deactivation in carotenoids (Cars) of both strains was different. The ratio of Car thermal deactivation to the thermal deactivation of chlorophyll (Chl) was higher in cyanobacteria with lower content of biliproteins than in the strain with normal amount of these complexes. Hence biliproteins can play the role in excitation energy transfer from Cars to Chls. For complex biological samples, polarized PAS can be a more sensitive method to investigate the directions of the absorption transition moments than the widely used polarized absorption spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 1407-1418 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of counterions on the solution properties of two types of ionomers, one based on sulfonated polystyrene and the other based on styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer, was studied by viscosity and light scattering measurements. It was found that the order of counterion binding of ionomers in a polar solvent and the order of aggregation of ionomers in a low-polarity solvent were the same for the same ionomer system. However, the order for the sulfonated ionomer was Li 〈 Na 〈 K 〈 Cs, whereas that for the carboxylated ionomer was the opposite. This can be explained by a difference in desolvation during anion-cation interaction and by considering site-binding in a polar solvent and the association of ion pairs in a low-polarity solvent. These findings for ionomer systems are parallel to the association behavior of small ions in water, cation affinity in crosslinked resins, and counterion binding of polyelectrolytes in water.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 1043-1056 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structure of soluble polyelectrolyte complexes composed of heparin (Hep) and partially aminoacetalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAA) in aqueous solution was investigated by light scattering. The pH was fixed at 3.2 while the ionic strength and mixing ratio were varied. At high ionic strength (0.5), polyelectrolyte complexes were not formed owing to the screening effect of simple salts on polyion charges. At low ionic strength (0.005), polyelectrolyte complexes formed were stable and dispersed when either the polycation or the polyanion was in great excess, whereas the complexes became unstable and coagulated when the concentrations of polycation and polyanion approached each other. At intermediate ionic strength (0.1), when PVAA was in excess, complex formation was similar to that at low ionic strength (0.005); but with an excess of Hep, polyelectrolyte complexes with similar structure (i.e., roughly spherical with average diameters about 2,700 Å) were formed over a wide range of mixing ratio. This observation is of interest in connection with the physiological activity of Hep in vivo.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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