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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics of the 2A1 state of Z-hexatriene in gas phase (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 2205-2211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As in longer polyenes, the strong 1A1→1B2 band in the UV spectrum of 1,3Z,5-hexatriene (Z-hexatriene) has a weak precursor, the 1A1→2A1 transition. It was measured in this work by a conventional spectrometer. Whereas the wave number of the 0–0 transition is by 5400 cm−1 lower than that of the 1B2 origin, the vibrational contour indicates that the vertical transitions of thetwo bands nearly coincide. From the fast decay of the rotational anisotropy in the time-resolved measurements we conclude that this band is perpendicularly polarized. We measured the lifetime of the 2A1 state after pumping it directly by 250 fs pulses and probing the excited molecules by ionizing it by delayed pulses. The lifetimes decreased from several ps to 730 fs, when the excess energy was increased from near 0 to 4000 cm−1 and more. From the temperature dependence we infer a barrier of about 170 cm−1 (2 kJ/mol). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474080
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene studied by time-resolved intense-field ionization (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 9386-9389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We found that hydrogen ion formation due to multielectron dissociative ionization by an intense-laser field is much less efficient with 1,3-cyclohexadiene than with its isomer 1,3Z,5-hexatriene (Z-HT). Moreover by suppressing the ionization barrier an intense-laser field ejects electrons most efficiently from molecular states of low ionization potential. After pumping 1,3-cyclohexadiene at 267 nm to its 1B2 state we probe the system by intense-laser field ionization with delayed 800 nm pulses. Monitoring of the parent ion C6H8+, of the main fragment C6H7+ and of H+ allows us to follow the motion from the 1B2 surface to the dark 2A1 state and from there towards the 2A1/1A1 conical intersection to the ground-state surface of the product. The measured 1B2 and 2A1 lifetimes are 43±3 and 77±7 fs, respectively, and the primary photoproduct cZc-HT is produced within 200 fs. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474009
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a symmetric multivalent molecule containing four carbohydrate substituents (1995)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Dendrimers ; Spacer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von den Allyl- und Pent-4-enyl-β-D-glucopyranosiden4–7 können dieD-Glucosederivate8–15 dargestellt werden, welche am anomeren Zentrum unterschiedlich lange Spacereinheiten mit verschiedenen Endgruppen besitzen. Bei Reaktion von vier Äquivalenten des Caesiumsalzes von Propan-4-carboxy-1-yl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosid15 mit Pentaerythrityltetrabromid entsteht das tetravalente Molekül16.
    Notes: Summary Starting with allyl- and pent-4-enyl-β-D-glucopyranosides4–7, differentD-Glucose units (8–15) containing alkyl spacers of variable lenght and with different end groups can be prepared. Reaction of four equivalents of the caesium salt derived from propan-4-carboxy-1-yl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside15 with pentaerythrityltetrabromide yields the tetravalent molecule16.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00811012
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indium mediated allylation in carbohydrate chemistry: A convenient synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (DAH) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (kamusol) (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 1045-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid ; 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (Kamusol) ; Indium mediated allylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine kurzer und ökonomischer Syntheseweg für 3-Desoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonsäure (4) und 3-Desoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (Kamusol,8) wurde entwickelt. Im Schlüsselschritt der Synthesesequenz wurde die indiumunterstützte Allylierung vonD-Erythrose in wäßrigen Reaktionsmedien angewendet. Das mittels dieser Methode auf sieben Kohlenstoffatome verlängerte Kohlenhydrat-Grundgerüst konnte einfach in die Titelverbindungen übergeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary A short and economical synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (4) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (kamusol,8) has been developed. In the key step of the reaction sequence, the indium mediated allylation ofD-erythrose in an aqueous solvent system was utilized generating a seven carbon backbone which was further transformed into the title compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807577
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  • 5
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    Socratic Moderation and Self-Knowledge (1983)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of the history of philosophy. 21:3 (1983:July) 339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-5053
    Topics: Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:b151-1983-021-03-000004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid receptors and sensitivity in leukemias (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 42 (1981), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren ; Sensitivität ; Leukämie ; Glucocorticoid receptors ; Sensitivity ; Leukemias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In an attempt to investigate the utility of glucocorticoid receptor determination to predict clinical responsiveness in human leukemias we have studied glucocorticoid receptors in the leukemic cells from 46 patients and in the lymphocytes from 18 normal donors. In the normal lymphocytes there were 3,875 (Median) specific binding sites per cell. The blasts from 17 patients with ANLL had on average higher levels of binding sites per cell (Median = 7,250, range: 0 to 15,295) than the other leukemias. Of the 15 patients with CLL, six had received glucocorticoid treatment for 3 to 5 years. Their lymphocytes had lower number of receptors (Median = 2,000) than the other cases which were newly diagnosed (Median = 4,500). Four patients had ALL/AUL, three patients had blast crisis as terminal phase of CML, and seven had leukemic Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (Median = 3,500 sites/cell). In 24 patients we have also studied the in vitro sensitivity of the leukemic cells to dexamethasone. There was no marked correlation between glucocorticoid receptor levels and in vitro sensitivity. An attempt to correlate receptor levels with clinical responsiveness demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor determination might be of value in patients with lymphoid malignancies but probably not in patients with other leukemias.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Prüfung der Frage, ob eine positive Korrelation zwischen dem Steroid-Rezeptorgehalt von Leukämiezellen und dem Erfolg einer Steroid-Therapie besteht, haben wir Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren bei Leukämien und Lymphomen untersucht. Die Bestimmung erfolgte nach Baxter und Tomkins. Untersucht wurden 46 Patienten mit Leukämien und 18 Kontrollpersonen. Normale Lymphozyten haben durchschnittlich 3875 spezifische Bindungsstellen pro Zelle. Die Anzahl der Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren in den Blasten von 17 Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie zeigten starke Schwankungen (Bereich 0 bis 15295 Rezeptoren pro Zelle). Sechs von 15 Patienten mit chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie wurden seit Jahren mit Glucocorticoiden behandelt und sprachen zur Zeit der Steroid-Rezeptor-Bestimmung auf diese Therapie nicht mehr an. Die Anzahl der Steroid-Bindungsstellen der Lymphozyten dieser Patienten erwies sich im Mittel als niedriger (2000 je Zelle) als bei den unbehandelten Patienten (4500 je Zelle). Bei 24 Patienten haben wir auch die In-Vitro-Sensitivität der Leukämiezellen gegenüber Dexamethason untersucht. Es konnte keine eindeutige Korrelation zwischen Rezeptorengehalt und In-Vitro-Sensitivität festgestellt werden. Weitere Analysen mit klinischen Daten weisen darauf hin, da\ die Bestimmung von Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren für die Planung und Durchführung einer Therapie bei den lymphatischen Leukämien Bedeutung erlangen kann, jedoch wahrscheinlich nicht bei den myeloischen Leukämien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026388
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The delivery of genetic counseling services in Europe (1980)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 56 (1980), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oranizational forms and the current status of genetic counseling within the health care system of 15 European countries were evaluated by questionnaire and at a symposium, with individuals present from Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. In spite of wide differences between these countries, certain similarities with respect to the delivery of genetic counseling services could be observed: (i) most genetic counseling is done within university institutions or closely linked to it; (ii) governmental support of genetic counseling is developing slowly, and genetic counseling is usually not yet fully integrated into the health care system; (iii) there is lack of qualified personnel; (iv) no guide lines for formal education have been developed, but a postgraduate training period of no less than four years is considered a minimum; (v) without appropriate support, genetic counseling is a burden for research in human genetics; yet, a strict separation of genetic counseling and research activities is not recommended; (vi) on the average, a team providing genetic counseling for about 1–2 million people should consist of 3–4 physicians, 5–10 technicians, 2–3 secretaries, and other supportive personnel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281565
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The “Cat Eye syndrome”: Dicentric small marker chromosome probably derived from a No. 22 (Tetrasomy 22pter→q11) associated with a characteristic phenotype (1981)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 57 (1981), S. 148-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients with the so-called Cat Eye syndrome are reported including a more detailed description of the original cases reported by Schnid and Fraccaro. All cases had, in addition to a normal karyotype, a small extra G-like chromosome which appeared to be an isochromosome for the juxtacentromeric region (pter→q11) of an acrocentric chromosome. None were mosaics. Clinical findings and further cytogenetic studies in a few cases suggest that these markers probably derive from a No. 22 chromosome. Characteristic features of the Cat Eye syndrome in these 11 patients and those reviewed from the literature are: ocular coloboma which may involve the iris, choroid and/or optic nerve, preauricular skin tags and/or pits which are probably the most consistent feature, congenital heart defect, anal atresia with a fistula, renal malformations such as unilateral absence, unilateral or bilateral hypoplasia, and cystic dysplasia, and antimongoloid position of eyes. Intelligence is usually low-normal, although moderate retardation is also seen. There is great variability in the clinical findings ranging from near normal to lethal malformations. Less frequent, but also characteristic findings are: microphthalmia, microtia with atresia of the external auditory canal, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary atresia and malrotation of the gut. Direct transmission of the marker from one generation to the other was observed in both sexes. In those families, there was considerable variability in the clinical findings between affected family members. Theses cases show that there is a bias of ascertainment for patients who have the more striking malformation, especially those with ocular coloboma and anal atresia, a combination which appears to be present in only a minority of cases. Many mildly affected patients probably remain undetected. It is proposed that the term Cat Eye syndrome should be applied only to cases with trisomy or tetrasomy of not more than 22pter→q11 and without additional duplication or deletion of another autosomal segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282012
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incomplete trisomy 22 (1981)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 56 (1981), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A syndrome due to 3:1 meiotic segregation of balanced 11/22 translocation is defined from nine personally observed patients and 22 cases from the literature with apparently the same aberration. Frequent findings include a characteristic face with deepset eyes, flat nose, prominent upper lip, receding mandible and preauricular pits or tags, male genital hypoplasia, anal atresia or other anomalies of the anus, cleft palate, and congenital heart defect. Less frequent are severe reduction of the auricles, an additional pair of ribs, and hypoplasia of the diaphragm. Perinatal mortality is high. Growth is usually and psychomotor development is invariably and severely delayed. Balanced 11/22 translocations are apparently disproportionally frequent; as the balanced rearrangement is not easy to detect, it is important to be aware of it at the family investigation of cases with extra chromosomes similar to a No.22 or 22q-.The unbalanced products are most probably trisomic for both a segment of 22 (22q-) and a distal segment of 11q; the exact determination of the breakpoints is not possible at present due to the similar banding characteristics of the two segments involved in the translocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274675
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the Editors (1982)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 62 (1982), S. 180-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282312
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