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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1603-1605 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have observed a significant persistent photoconductivity effect in narrow InGaAs/InP quantum wells grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. This effect enables a detailed study of transport parameters as a function of the electron density. In this way, the interface roughness scattering can be separated from the strongly density dependent Coulomb scattering. For different preparation conditions, we find a strong correlation between the amount of interface roughness scattering and structural data of the interface. The ratio of quantum to classical scattering times remains (very-much-less-than)1 even in the case when Coulomb scattering is not the predominant scattering mechanism. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 412-414 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Morphological and physical properties of Al0.48In0.52As/Ga 0.47In0.53As heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy, lattice relaxed on GaAs substrates and lattice matched on InP substrates, are presented. Both a quaternary linear and step graded lattice relaxed buffer concept is implemented to accomodate the lattice mismatch between the GaAs substrate and the Al0.48In0.52As/Ga 0.47In0.53As layer sequence. The surface morphology and the transport properties of Al0.48In0.52As/Ga0.47In0.53As high electron mobility transistor structures were studied by atomic force microscopy and Hall effect measurements, respectively. Optical properties were investigated by low temperature photoluminescence experiments on quantum well structures. The linear graded buffer approach was found to result in superior heterostructure properties due to the two dimensional growth mode during the whole growth process resulting in the typical cross hatched surface morphology. In contrast, the use of step graded buffer layers resulted in three dimensional layer growth and inferior layer quality. However, by increasing the number of steps, i.e., reducing the change in the lattice constant for each step and thus approaching a linear grading, two dimensional growth is recovered. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 583-586 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Uncatalyzed gallic acid oscillating system has been investigated in a continuously fed stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In the [Bromate]0–[Bromide]0 concentration space, a region has been located where a bistability is observed between an oscillatory branch and a flow branch. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of bistability in an uncatalyzed bromate oscillator. Some observations have been explained in terms of the skeleton mechanism proposed in the past. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 6372-6373 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rehabilitation of locomotion in spinal cord (s.c.) injured patients is unsatisfactory. Here we report the effects of a novel ‘Laufband (LB; treadmill) therapy’ based on ‘rules of spinal locomotion’ derived from lower vertebrates. Eighty-nine incompletely paralysed (44 chronic and 45 acute) para- and tetraplegics underwent this therapy, then were compared with 64 patients (24 chronic and 40 acute) treated conventionally. The programme consisted of daily upright walking on a motor driven LB initially with body weight support (BWS) provided by a harness and assisted limb movements by the therapists when necessary. Forty-four chronic patients with different degrees of paralysis undertook the programme for 3-20 weeks (median = 10.5), 0.5–18 years after S.C. damage. At the onset of LB therapy 33/44 patients were wheelchair-bound (no standing and/or walking without help by others) compared with 25 at completion of LB therapy, i.e. 76% had learned to walk independently, 7 patients with help. Only 1 subject did not improve. It was striking that voluntary muscle activity in the resting position was still low in several patients who had gained walking capability. Eleven patients who could already walk before LB therapy improved in speed and endurance. Of the 44 patients, six were capable of staircase walking before LB therapy compared with 34 afterwards. In order to validate the apparent superiority of LB therapy two types of comparisons were performed. In a ‘temporal’ control 12 spastic paretic patients, still wheelchair-bound after the period of postacute conventional therapy, performed LB immediately thereafter. After completion of LB therapy nine of these patients had learned to walk without help from others. In another control, two groups of chronic patients, matched in type of injury, time after injury (1 or more years) and history of previous rehabilitation (one or several periods of conventional therapy), were compared. One group underwent LB therapy (n= 29), the other conventional therapy (n= 24) for similar periods of time. From 18 wheelchair-bound patients, 14 became independent walkers after LB, but only 1/14 after conventional therapy. From 45 acute patients 92% (33/36) of those wheelchair-bound at the onset of LB therapy became independent, but only 50% (12/24) after conventional therapy (n= 40). It is noteworthy that voluntary muscle activity at rest was similar in both groups. The presumed underlying mechanisms are discussed in the light of the absence of any apparent effects in seven functionally completely paralysed paraplegic persons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Increasing evidence suggests involvement of integrins and CD44 isoforms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, contributing to uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation, neovascularization, and invasion of inflammatory cells. We have analyzed immunohistochemically in situ expression of integrins (CD29, CDw49b, CDw49c, CDw49e, CDw49f) and CD44 isoforms (CD44 standard, CD44 var/v6, CD44 v10) on frozen sections of normal and psoriatic skin (nonlesional skin, lesional skin before and along with topical calcitriol treatment). We did not observe visual changes of immunoreactivity in normal as compared to nonlesional psoriatic skin, while the staining pattern of CDw49c, CDw49f, and CD29 was severely altered in untreated lesional psoriatic skin. Most markedly, CDw49c, CDw49f, and CD29 were focally upregulated in suprapapillar epidermal compartments of lesional psoriatic skin, a staining pattern that is in accordance with the phenomenon that was described by Pinkus as ‘squirting papilla’. Additionally, an increased proportion of inflammatory and endothelial cells revealed immunoreactivity for CD44(std.) in untreated lesional psoriatic as compared to nonlesional psoriatic or normal skin. After 8 weeks of topical calcitriol treatment (15 μg/g ointment), the staining pattern for CDw49c, CDw49f and CD29 was markedly changed in epidermis of lesional psoriatic skin, reverting to the staining pattern characteristic for the nonlesional psoriatic or normal human skin, although epidermal expression of CDw49f was still upregulated and CDw49e-, CDw49f-, CD29-, and CD44(std.)- immunoreactive inflammatory and endothelial cells were still to be found in the dermal compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy and tolerance of short-term immunotherapy (STI) by seven preseasonal injections of tree-pollen allergens (ALK7 FrUhbltihermischung®) was investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study with 111 rhinoconjunctivitis patients. Nasal and bronchial symptoms simultaneously analyzed, and nasal symptoms as a single end point, but not the overall score of nasal, bronchial, and conjunctival symptoms, showed a significantly lower increase with STI during birch-pollen exposure (both P= 0.033, n= 105, Mann-Whitney U-test). However, a selective analysis with patients from centers with high recruitment figures (nS10 patients, n=29 STI, n=32 placebo) showed a significantly lower increase of nasal, bronchial, and overall symptom score (STI 11.0 vs placebo 18.0, P=0.001, U-test). STI had equidirected effects on conjunctival, nasal, and bronchial symptoms analyzed as multiple end points, although conjunctival symptoms were not significantly different as a single end point. The seasonal increase in drug use was reduced by 62% in the STI group compared with placebo (P=0.032, Mest), Specific IgG4 increased only after STI (P〈0,001); IgE was not significantly different. Eosinophil cationic protein remained unchanged with STI, but significantly increased with placebo in the pollen season (P=Qm3). STI was well tolerated. In conclusion, STI was shown to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of patients with tree-pollen rhinoconjunctivitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 10 (1996), S. 319-325 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Opioide ; Verschreibung ; Betäubungsmittelrecht ; Tumorschmerzen ; Hindernisse ; Key words Opioids ; Prescription ; Controlled drug legislation ; Cancer pain ; Impediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract According to WHO guidelines, morphine is the first choice for the treatment of chronic cancer pain, preferably as a controlled-release preparation administered orally. The WHO classifies the quality of pain management of a particular country by its morphine consumption for medical reasons. For this article, data from clinical and market research were collected. In Germany, the amount of morphine prescribed is low, both in the total quantity of morphine prescribed and related to the individual patient treated. Also the number of patients receiving opioid perscriptions is low. In a longitudinal evaluation of general practitioners' prescription practices, only 0.1 % out of 1,218,436 patients were given a controlled opioid prescription. Only 0.04 % of more than 16 million prescriptions were opioid prescriptions. Only 1.2 % of 47,252 cancer patients received a strong opioid. The reasons for this low use of opioids are to be found in the special regulations for controlled drugs, specified by German narcotic drug legislation. The report also focuses on physicians' subjective viewpoints and prejudices. When strong opioids are only rarely prescribed, a general practitioner then has difficulties in assessing pain and possible side effects and treatment evaluation. Clinical research, too, is hampered by special regulations concerning controlled opioid administration.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Morphin ist Mittel der Wahl nach den WHO-Richtlinien zur Schmerztherapie bei chronischen Tumorschmerzen, am besten in oral retardierten Zubereitungen. Die WHO bewertet den medizinischen Morphinverbrauch als Maßstab für die Qualität der Schmerztherapie eines Landes. Für diesen Aufsatz wurden Daten aus klinischer Forschung und Marktforschung zusammengetragen. In Deutschland wird wenig Morphin verschrieben sowohl bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des verschriebenen Morphins als auch bezogen auf den einzelnen Patienten. Starke Opioide werden insgesamt selten verschrieben, in einer Längsschnittuntersuchung aus 330 Praxen erhielten nur 0,1 % von 1.218.436 Patienten ein Betäubungsmittelrezept. Nur 0,04 % von über 16 Millionen Verordnungen betrafen Opioide. Nur 1,2 % von 47.252 Tumorpatienten erhielten ein starkes Opioid. Gründe liegen unter anderem in den speziellen Vorschriften des Betäubungsmittelrechts. Aber auch die Bewertung durch Ärzte ist von Vorurteilen geprägt. Die Seltenheit der Verordnung bewirkt dann eine Unsicherheit in der weiteren Schmerztherapie und der Therapiekontrolle. Auch die klinische Forschung wird durch die bestehenden Betäubungsmittelvorschriften verzögert und behindert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 347-355 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key word Hemophilic arthropathy • Acute synovitis • Chronic synovitis • Radiosynoviorthesis • Orthosis ; Schlüsselwörter Hämophile Arthropathie • Akute Synovitis • Chronische Synovitis • Radiosynoviorthese • Orthesen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer Hämophilie A oder B treten Muskelblutungen und Gelenkeinblutungen spontan oder als Folge eines Traumas vor allem am Knie, Ellbogen und Sprunggelenk auf. Durch die Resorption des freien Blutes entwickelt sich immer eine reaktive Synovitis, wobei es durch die Synovialishyperplasie zu erneuten Einblutungen kommen kann. Langfristig führen die Veränderungen über eine chronische Synovitis und Knorpelschädigungen zur hämophilen Arthropathie mit völliger Gelenkzerstörung. Im Hämophiliezentrum Frankfurt wurden seit 1981 158 erwachsene Patienten im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Sprechstunde regelmäßig betreut. Zudem erfolgt seit 17 Jahren die konsiliarische orthopädische Versorgung von insgesamt 61 hämophilen Kindern aus der Universitätsklinik Frankfurt am Main. Die Inzidenz von Gelenkblutungen kann durch eine konsequente Prophylaxe mit Faktorenkonzentraten vermindert werden. Kleinere Gelenkeinblutungen können unter Faktorensubstitution durch kurzfristige Entlastung, Eisanwendungen und durch physikalisch abschwellende Maßnahmen konservativ beherrscht werden. Größere Gelenkeinblutungen sollten zur Reduktion der akuten Synovitis punktiert werden. Durch physikalische, physiotherapeutische Gelenktechniken bzw. Weichteiltechniken und medikamentöse Maßnahmen gilt es, die akute, stark schmerzhafte Synovitis zu kontrollieren. Angestrebt wird eine suffiziente muskuläre Gelenkführung sowie eine Verbesserung der Koordination und Propriozeption. Die chronische Synovitis ist relativ schmerzarm und spricht schlechter auf konservative Maßnahmen an. Lokale Eisanwendungen, systemische und lokale antiphlogistische Medikamente unterstützen die physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen. Fersenkissen, elastische und semirigide Bandagen verhindern erneute Einblutungen durch eine Dämpfung und Reduzierung synovialer Einklemmungen. Bei therapieresistenter chronischer Synovitis kann alternativ zur Synovektomie die Radiosynoviorthese durchgeführt werden, die in Frankfurt bisher an 12 Gelenken mit guter Wirksamkeit eingesetzt wurde. Bei fortgeschrittener Arthropathie stehen physiotherapeutisch eher Gelenktechniken im Vordergrund. Orthopädische Hilfsmittel (z. B. Unterarmgehstützen) oder orthopädische Schuhzurichtungen (z. B. rückversetzte Absatzrolle) können die Gehfähigkeit deutlich verbessern.
    Notes: Summary Intraarticular bleeding and muscle bleeding occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma in hemophilia A or B. The most common sites for hemarthrosis are the knees joints, elbows and ankles joints. Resorption of intraarticular blood induces reactive hemophilic synovitis. Hyperplasia of the synovium can be followed by recurrent bleedings. These early reactions can change to a chronic synovitis and cause cartilage damage, finally resulting in a complete destruction of the joint. Since 1981 158 adults and 61 children with a hemophilia A or B were treated at the Center for hemophilic disorders Frankfurt in an interdisciplinary approach. Consequent prophylactic treatment with factor substitution can prevent the incidence of severe hemarthrosis. Minor joint bleedings are treated by adequate factor substitution, temporarily non-weight bearing of the extremity, application of ice-packs and physical therapy. More severe joint hemorrhages should be aspirated in order to reduce the acute synovitis. This is followed by a consequent physical therapy (joint and soft tissue techniques) and anti-inflammatory drugs. The goal is a sufficient muscular balance of the joint, the improvement of the coordination, and the proprioception. The chronic synovitis is less painful and poorly responses to conservative interventions. Local ice application, sytemic and local anti-inflammatory treatment support the physical therapy. Soft heel shock absorber, elastic and semi-rigid bandages prevent recurrent bleeding episodes by shock absorption and decrease of synovial impingement. Synovectomy is indicated in cases of chronic persistent synovitis. Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO), which is an alternative in certain cases, has been performed with great success in 12 cases in our hospital. In advanced arthropathy joint mobilization should be the emphasis of the physical therapy. Bandages, crutches and ortopaedic shoe devices improve the walking capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 37 (1998), S. 162-166 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Prostate cancer ; Palliation ; Radionuclides ; Schlüsselwörter Prostatakarzinom ; Palliation ; Radionuklidtherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Prostatakarzinom ist die suffiziente Therapie schmerzhafter Knochenmetastasen primäres, interdisziplinäres Behandlungsziel. Vorrangig erscheint die Erhaltung der Lebensqualität, nicht die Lebensverlängerung. Neben einer oralen Schmerzmedikation und lokalen Schmerzbestrahlung bieten systemische Radionuklidtherapien hilfreiche, risikoarme nuklearmedizinische Therapiealternativen in der Palliation schmerzhafter, multilokulärer osteoplastischer Knochenmetastasen. In Abhängigkeit vom gewählten Radiopharmazeutikum werden Ansprechraten und Schmerzreduktion in 65–80 % beschrieben. Die Dauer der Schmerzlinderung liegt im Mittel bei 6–12 Wochen. Während dieser Zeit kann die nebenwirkungsreiche, morphinhaltige Schmerzmedikation deutlich reduziert und in einigen Fällen ganz abgesetzt werden, was wiederum die Lebensqualität verbessert. Nach Abklingen der geringgradigen Myelodepression kann die Radionuklidtherapie wiederholt werden. Nachteilig bleibt allein der zweitägige stationäre Aufenthalt aufgrund geltender Strahlenschutzverordnung.
    Notes: Summary For patients with advanced prostate cancer efficient therapy of painfull bony lesions is the primary goal of interdisciplinary treatment strategies. Preservation of quality of life appears to be the main aim rather than prolongation of life. Apart from oral pain relief and local irradiation systemic treatment with radionuclides offers low-risk radiotherapeutic strategies for the palliation of painful, multifocal osteoplastic bone metastases. Depending on the radiopharmaceutical substance chosen response and reduction of pain are described in 65–80 %. The duration of pain relief lasts between 6–12 weeks. During this time the morphine based medication can be reduced and in some cases withdrawn which positively effects quality of life. After improvement of myelosuppression treatment with radionuclides can be repeated. Patients have to be hospitalized for two days because of protection from radiation procedures.
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