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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in normal pregnancies, pre-eclampsia and hydatidiform mole (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine the behaviour of the major inhibitors of fibrinolysis (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by either pre-eclampsia or hydatidiform mole.Design Prospective study.Setting Antenatal Clinic and Maternity Hospital.Subjects Eleven women with established pre-eclampsia and eleven women, matched by age, parity, and duration of pregnancy who were undergoing uncomplicated pregnancy. Two women having surgery for hydatidiform mole.Main outcome measure Plasma levels of PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigens determined by sensitive specific ELISA. Functional identification of PAI-2 by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis with overlay zymography.Results In pre-eclampsia PAI-2 antigen was significantly lower than in normal pregnancy (105.3 ± 34.9 versues 187.1 ± 67.9 ng/ml; P〈0.001). In contrast PAI-1 antigen was significantly higher in pre-eclampsia than in normal pregnancy (170.7 ± 71.2 versus 113.8 ± 35.6 ng/ml; P〈0.05). In consequence the ratio of PAI-1/PAI-2 increased markedly in pre-eclampsia (2.5 versus 0.6). No PAI-2 was detected in plasma of women with hydatidiform moles.Conclusions PAI-2 levels fell significantly in pre-eclampsia probably as a result of decreased placental mass or function. The raised PAI-1 level in pre-eclampsia may reflect a response to hypertension or renal damage that is not specific to pregnancy or may reflect altered placental function. The use of the ratio of PAI-1/PAI-2 assists in separating normal from abnormal pregnancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb12982.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein binding of digitoxin, valproate and phenytoin in sera from diabetics (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 577-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Protein binding ; Diabetes mellitus ; Digitoxin ; insulin dependent ; valproate ; phenytoin ; glycated albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronic hyperglycaemia results in glycation of serum albumin and might affect the binding of drugs. The aim of the present study was to compare, using an equilibrium dialysis method, the protein binding of therapeutic concentrations digitoxin, valproate and phenytoin in sera from 70 insulin-dependent diabetics and 25 controls. Drug concentrations were measured by fluorescence immunopolarisation. Glycated albumin was measured by laser nephelometry after affinity chromatography. In sera from diabetics, protein binding of digitoxin (88.8 versus 89.9%) was unchanged; the protein binding of valproate (75.2 versus 80.7%) and phenytoin (67.9 versus 75.3%) was significantly decreased, but with no correlation with the concentration of glycated albumin. We conclude that the difference in protein binding between diabetic and control sera is due to glucose-independent modification of albumin in diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of magnesium-aluminium hydroxide on the absorption of theophylline given as a pH-dependent sustained release preparation (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; Antacids ; Asthma ; slow-release formulations ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antacids can modify the pharmacokinetic parameters of sustained-release preparations of theophylline by changing the gastric pH. Though this has been studied with various theophylline/antacid combinations, the specific preparations investigated here have not previously been tested. The objective of the study was to assess any change in the availability of theophylline from a sustained-release preparation (SR), induced by the coadministration with an antacid. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized crossover trial in the Pneumology Departments of three general hospitals. Fifteen patients were studied. They all had stable asthma treated with theophylline and no major organ failure or gastro-intestinal lesions requiring the use of antacids. The antacide (aluminium hydroxide 800 mg and magnesium hydroxide 800 mg), or placebo, tid, was added to a stable regimen of theophylline SR bid, for 4 days, in crossover fashion. Plasma theophylline concentrations were measured before and 1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,16 and 24 h after the morning dose of Armophylline on the fourth day of each treatment period; the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to Cmax (tmax) were noted, and the area under the 24-h time-concentration curve (AUC0–24) and mean plasma concentration (Cmean) were computed. Peak expiratory flows on the same day, before and 3, 6 and 12 h after the morning dose of Armophylline were also measured. There was no change in any of the parameters studied. The addition of the antacide to theophylline, each given according to standard clinical practice, did not modify the pharmacokinetics of the latter. This result probably can not be generalized to all pairs of sustained-release theophylline-antacid preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315286
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low molecular weight heparin decreases plasma aldosterone in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Primary hyperaldosteronism ; plasma aldosterone ; low molecular weight heparin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four patients with primary hyperaldosteronism were treated with nadroparin 4100 or 6150 antiXa IU daily for 4 days. Plasma and urine sodium and potassium, and plasma aldosterone and renin were monitored before, during and after the study. After four days of treatment, and for the following two days, plasma aldosterone was decreased (by a mean of 49% on Day 6), and urinary Na/K was increased (3.7-fold). The direction of the changes was reversed on Day 8. The study has confirmed the effect of low molecular weight heparin on aldosterone, and makes it unlikely that it is related to inhibition of angiotensin II stimulation in these patients, as renin could not be detected in their plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740668
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of atenolol kinetics when hypothyroidism is corrected (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atenolol ; Hypothyroidism ; Drug absorption ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single oral dose of atenolol 100 mg was given to 7 hypothyroid patients (4 F, 3 M), before and after correction of hypothyroidism, mean delay 3.5 months (2 to 6.5 months). There was no change in the elimination parameters of atenolol, but the maximal plasma atenolol concentration was increased (1.66 to 7.37 mg·l−1) as was the AUC (14.9 to 52.1 mg·l−1·h) when the hypothyroidism had been treated. Only one patient differed: he had had a supra-selective vagotomy, and had similar curves before and after treatment of the hypothyroidism, both being similar to the plasma concentration curves found in the other patients after correction of the hypothyroidism. The results suggest an increase in the bioavailability of atenolol when hypothyroidism is corrected. The findings in the patient with vagotomy suggest that the decreased bioavailability during hypothyroidism might be related to changes in intestinal pH. Further studies are needed of the impact of hypothyroidism on gastric and pancreatic or biliary function and its consequences for drug absorption, and drug pharmacokinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265982
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The small RNA-viruses of insects (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 72 (1982), S. 229-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01315220
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The proteins expressed by different isolates ofDrosophila C virus (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 74 (1982), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolates ofDrosophila C virus (DCV) fromDrosophila flies obtained in geographically different regions were adapted to growth inDrosophila tissue culture cells. The viruses, purified from tissue culture cells, were shown to be serologically related to one of the isolates (“O” from Ouarzazate, morocco). Analysis of the structural proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated differences between the isolates. Labelling intracellular proteins of infectedDrosophila melanogaster cells with35S-methionine at 28° C demonstrated the presence of the virus structural proteins and their immediate precursors. Raising the temperature to 37° C both before and during the pulse period inhibited the processing of the high molecular weight proteins and resulted in a greater “shut-off” of host cell proteins than viral induced proteins. This allowed the precursor proteins to be compared as well as the structural proteins of the different strains. It was possible to clearly distinguish differences between the isolates on the basis of the induced proteins, although limited proteolysis of corresponding proteins showed marked similarities. Hence it is possible to distinguish between different isolates of the “same” small RNA-virus of insects from geographically different regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320779
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intracellular proteins induced by cricket paralysis virus inDrosophila cells: The effect of protease inhibitors and amino acid analogues (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 70 (1981), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Treatment of Cricket paralysis virus infectedDrosophila cells with iodoacetamide before radiolabelling with35S-methionine results in the appearance of two high molecular weight polypeptides of ≃200,000 molecular weight, not apparent in untreated infected cells (17). To attempt to differentiate between the effects of iodoacetamide being attributable to either alteration of initial polyprotein or inhibition of the protease (either cellular or viral) the effects of a spectrum of protease inhibitors were examined. These included aprotinin, leupeptin, pepstatin, elevated zinc concentration, phenyl methyl sulphonyl-fluoride, N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK). TLCK and TPCK both inhibited the cleavage of proteins which demonstrates an inhibition of the protease activity. The introduction of amino acid analogues into the infected cells before pulsing also results in the appearance of higher molecular weight proteins. This could be attributed to alternation of the polyprotein making it nonsusceptible to digestion with pre-existing cellular protease or newly synthesized viral protease. The possibility that the presence of the amino acid analogues results in alteration of a viral coded protease cannot be eliminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320788
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro translation of cricket paralysis virus RNA (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 67 (1981), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cricket paralysis virus RNA acted as a messenger in a translation system and directed incorporation of35S-methionine into protein. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the proteins demonstrated the presence of proteins of comparable molecular weight to the viral structural proteins and also potential high molecular weight precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of Cricket paralysis virus induced polypeptides inDrosophila cells: Production of high molecular weight polypeptides by treatment with iodoacetamide (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Infection ofDrosophila cells with Cricket paralysis virus in the presence of Actinomycin D results in virtual complete inhibition of host cell protein synthesis by four hours post-infection. Using35S-methionine or14C-amino acids to pulse infected cells three major classes of viral induced proteins can be detected, (A) high molecular weight precursor proteins, (B) viral structural proteins and (C) low molecular weight cleavage products. The large number of high molecular weight proteins found in the infected cells suggests that a multiple cleavage cascade mechanism is partially utilized to produce virus structural proteins. In infected cells, even with short pulses, the largest viral induced protein obtained has a molecular weight of 144,000. However with pretreatment of the infected cells with iodoacetamide before pulsing, two further proteins are obtained with molecular weights of 205,000 and 190,000. Other changes occur in viral protein precursors in the presence of iodoacetamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01315161
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