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  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • AIDS  (5)
  • Human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF)  (2)
  • Endoscopy  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) ; C-peptide ; Naloxone ; Opioid receptor blockade ; Type 2 diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF, 2 µg/kg body weight) during simultaneous application of the opioid antagonist naloxone (1.6 mg i.v. bolus, followed by an infusion at a rate of 1.2 mg/h) produced a significant increase in plasma C-peptide levels of six male Type 2 diabetic patients which even exceeded the postprandial values. This stimulatory effect of hCRF/naloxone on plasma C-peptide was less pronounced in six healthy men. hCRF alone did not provoke any reaction of plasma C-peptide in either group. The possibility of a paracrine, CRF-dependent mechanism in pancreatic islets which somehow involves inhibitory opioid receptors is preferentially discussed. Such a mechanism may underlie the stimulatory action of hCRF/naloxone on B cells and would explain the absent reaction of peripheral venous plasma C-peptide to hCRF alone as well as the amplifying effect of simultaneous opioid receptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Opportunistic infections ; Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis ; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ; Toxoplasma encephalitis ; CMV infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 40-year old homosexual AIDS patient recovering from a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed a Cryptococcus neoformans infection with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) which could be treated successfully with amphotericin B and flucytosine. After a symptomfree interval of 4 1/2 months, a new acute fatal disease of the CNS did not reveal a cryptococcosis relapse but a necrotizing Toxoplasma encephalitis, a cytomegalovirus infection and striking cultural findings of Staphylococcus aureus in all organs examined. Neither by culture nor by histology Cr. neoformans could be detected in the CNS or in the other organs examined. The temporal course of the Cr. neoformans infection and its specific diagnosis are commented. It is demonstrated that (during or after successful therapy of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) a specific cultural examination of specimens from the respiratory tract for Cr. neoformans is needed, in order to recognize a Cr. neoformans infection in its primary stage, i. e. before hematogenous dissemination of Cr. neoformans leading to the secondary stage of the infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Diarrhea, treatment ; Somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have observed two patients with AIDS suffering from severe watery diarrhea refractory to conventional medical treatment. In the first patient the reason for the diarrhea could not be revealed in spite of extensive investigations; however, the clinical picture suggested cryptosporidia infection. In the second patient cytomegalovirus could be shown in colonic biopsy specimens. After failure of several attempts of symptomatic, antibiotic, and antiviral therapy, the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 was administered to the patients subcutaneously in a dose between 2 × 50 µg and 3 × 100 µg/day. This treatment resulted in a prompt reduction of stool volume and bowel motions. Somatostatin may be a useful addition to the symptomatic treatment of refractory diarrhea in AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 453-457 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) ; ACTH ; Cortisol ; Naloxone ; Opioid receptor blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF; 2 µg/kg body weight) to six normal male subjects produced a significant rise in plasma ACTH, followed by an increase in circulating cortisol. Simultaneous treatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone (1.6 mg i.v. bolus, followed by an infusion at a rate of 1.2 mg/h) significantly potentiated the hCRF-induced rise in ACTH and enhanced the cortisol response to hCRF. It is suggested that naloxone acts by antagonizing an inhibitory ultra-short-loop feedback effect of coreleased β-endorphin on pituitary corticotrophs, thereby amplifying the net effect of hCRF, i.e., the release of ACTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; ANP ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Gut ; Biopsies ; Endoscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human gastrointestinal tract, important for body salt and water balance, was investigated by endoscopic biopsy for the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Using immunohistochemistry, ANP-immunoreactive cells were identified in the lamina epithelialis mucosae of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon, and rectum. The findings indicate that ANP plays a role in intestinal salt and water regulation in man. ANP measurements in tissue specimens reached by endoscopic biopsy may be of major interest for future investigations on (patho-)physiological and pharmacological aspects of ANP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: HTLV-III antibodies ; AIDS ; lymphadenopathy syndrome ; homosexuals at risk of AIDS ; ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a first seroepidemiological study on the prevalence of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus HTLV-III in West Germany, sera of 26 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 33 patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) or AIDS related complex (ARC), and 113 homosexual men at risk of AIDS were screened for IgG antibodies to HTLV-III by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22 out of 26 AIDS-patients (84.6%), 24 out of 33 LAS-patients (72.7%), and 44 out of 113 healthy homosexual men with increased risk of AIDS (38.9%) were found positive for antibodies to HTLV-III. Heterosexual controls including healthy laboratory workers and medical personnel with contact to AIDS patients did not show antibodies to HTLV-III. The HTLV-III antibodies analyzed predominantly recognize a protein of molecular weight 41,000 (p 41).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: HTLV-III infection ; AIDS ; Hemophilia ; Polytransfused patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) was determined in a total of 140 hemophiliacs and 36 polytransfused patients from three medical centers by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmatory tests. 58 hemophiliacs (41.4%) were seropositive. In all instances where the origin of the coagulation factors given to these patients could be determined, blood products came from the United States. In addition, 2 of 36 polytransfused patients, mostly with acute leukemias, who were transfused with blood products from local donors were positive for HTLV-III antibodies. No HTLV-III antibodies were detected in 237 blood donors selected in part from the donor pool of the polytransfused patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Myelin basic protein ; AIDS ; HIV encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The major pathological abnormalities of HIV encephalopathy are infiltrates of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, microglial nodules and demyelination. Elevated myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provide a marker for central nervous system demyelination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of CSF MBP as a useful and early marker for HIV encephalopathy. The CSF of 40 consecutive patients with HIV infection of various clinical stages was investigated, including 13 patients with clinical signs of HIV encephalopathy. CSF MBP was elevated in 2 patients (5.0 and 5.3 ng/ml), both of whom had moderate to severe HIV encephalopathy. The course of the disease was rapid in both patients. In the remaining 38 patients, CSF MBP levels were marginally elevated (n=12) or normal (n=26). Our results suggest that CSF MBP is not a sensitive marker for the diagnosis and evaluation of HIV encephalopathy, but may be an indicator of prognosis for the course of the disease. There were only few findings of elevated CSF MBP levels in patients with HIV encephalopathy in the current study, and this may be because the disorder progressed slowly in most patients. It is possible that CSF MBP levels in HIV encephalopathy may only be elevated with acute clinical deterioration but are normal in slowly progressive forms of demyelination, as seen in multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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