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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The impact of cimetidine, ranitidine and placebo on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, given either as a single dose (100 mg) or for 7 days (100 mg b.d.), has been evaluated in two separate studies. The doses used were 800 mg cimetidine daily and 300 mg ranitidine daily. The subjects were all young, healthy volunteers. In the single dose study, cimetidine produced a marked increase in the peak plasma concentration of metoprolol and in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve; ranitidine had less effect, though the area under the curve was significantly greater than placebo. In the chronic dosing study, the area under the curve for metoprolol was also significantly higher on cimetidine (1796 ng h/ml; P 〈 0.001) whereas the area under the curve on ranitidine (1258 ng h/ml) was comparable to that on placebo (1183 ng h/ml). Despite these drug-induced changes in plasma metoprolol concentration, neither cimetidine nor ranitidine altered the change in exercise-induced heart rate during dosing with metoprolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00726.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twelve hour (trough) plasma nifedipine concentrations during chronic treatment with nifedipine retard (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 347-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; plasma concentrations ; distribution ; debrisoquine phenotype ; retard preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Variations in plasma nifedipine concentrations have been reported and one study has suggested the existence of a subpopulation of poor metabolisers of this drug. We have studied the variability of 12 h plasma nifedipine concentrations in 64 hypertensive patients on long-term nifedipine Retard 20 mg twice daily. A slightly skewed unimodal distribution with a modal concentration of 15 to 30 ng/ml was obtained. No relationship between 12-h plasma levels and debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotype was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543967
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacokinetic study of the active metabolite of nabumetone in young healthy subjects and older arthritis patients (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nabumetone ; rheumatoid arthritis ; pharmacokinetics ; old patients ; NSAID
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have performed a detailed pharmacokinetic study of the plasma concentrations of the major active metabolite of nabumetone, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6 MNA), attained after a single dose and during chronic administration comparing the results of a group of young healthy volunteers with those of a group of elderly arthritic patients. The latter had higher peak plasma concentrations of 6MNA and slower rates of elimination but there is no tendency for the drug to accumulate unpredictably in the old. Disease activity also influences plasma concentration, those with more active disease, and lower serum albumin concentrations had lower AUC values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558163
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separate and combined effects of nadolol and nifedipine on the cardiac response to exercise (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nadolol ; nifedipine ; tachycardia ; cardiovascular response ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; exercise heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a placebo controlled exercise protocol using healthy volunteers the effects of nadolol 80 mg and 160 mg orally and of nadolol 80 mg during treatment with nifedipine 20 mg 8 hourly were compared. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by both nifedipine (p〈0.05) and nadolol (p〈0.01) acting alone. An unexpected finding was that nifedipine alone significantly inhibited exercise tachycardia (p〈0.01) (8 to 12 h post dose). Predictably both doses of nadolol produced significant reduction in exercise tachycardia which was still apparent at 24 h. There was a linear relationship between log10 plasma nadolol concentration and reduction in exercise heart rate. The combined inhibitory effects of nifedipine and nadolol 80 mg on exercise heart rate showed partial additivity but did not summate. There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between the 2 drugs. The inhibition of exercise tachycardia by nifedipine, not previously documented, is consistent with an effect of the drug on the sinus node, as has been reported in in-vitro studies, and may contribute to the drugs efficacy in angina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609676
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and intra-subject variability of nitrendipine and the effects of food (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 357-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitrendipine ; food intake ; pharmacokinetics ; variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of nitrendipine were measured, after single (20 mg) oral doses, in young healthy volunteers. On three occasions the subjects ingested the dose having fasted overnight. Data from these three occasions were used to assess variability in nitrendipine pharmacokinetics and both inter- and intra-subject variability were high. On a fourth occasion, the subjects took the tablet after a standard meal. The effects of food on nitrendipine pharmacokinetics, based on the comparison of data from the first fasting visit and the food visit, were negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543969
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nadolol in combination with indapamide and xipamide in resistant hypertensives (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nadolol ; indapamide ; xipamide ; resistant hypertension ; compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four hypertensive patients have been studied. All had blood pressure recordings greater than 160/95 mmHg on 3 occasions whilst taking a beta blocker and two other antihypertensive agents in therapeutic doses. Compliance was checked by intermittent urine analysis for the relevant beta-blocker. These difficult to control hypertensives were treated with nadolol alone, nadolol plus indapamide and nadolol plus xipamide each for 2 months in random order. The aim was to reduce the blood pressure to below 160/95 mmHg. The supine blood pressure on nadolol alone (167/100 mmHg) was comparable to that on the previous three drug regimens (157/100 mmHg), the other two treatments were more effective (145/90 and 148/93 mmHg respectively). Hypokalaemia (serum potassium below 3.5 mmol/l) occurred in six individuals but occurred more frequently on xipamide than on indapamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635704
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of pirprofen in young volunteers and elderly patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pirprofen ; arthritic disease ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of pirprofen were measured in 11 elderly arthritic patients and 6 healthy young volunteers at the beginning and end of 8 days treatment with 400 mg doses twice daily. The mean ages of the two groups were 74.5 and 21.8 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in peak concentrations, times to peak, areas under the curve or terminal elimination half-lives between the groups after single dosing. Repeated dosing increased plasma drug concentrations in both groups but the extent was as predicted from the single dose data. Again there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, although pre-dosing plasma concentrations were higher in the elderly compared with the young individuals. The results of this relatively small study suggest that advancing age and arthritic disease appear to have little influence on the pharmacokinetics of pirprofen and no modification in the dosage recommendation in elderly patients without overt renal or hepatic impairment is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547372
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic interactions between felodipine and metoprolol (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 575-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; metoprolol ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This double-blind, cross-over study in healthy male subjects evaluated the pharmacokinetics of felodipine and metoprolol given both separately and in combination. During three, five-day study periods, felodipine 10 mg b.d., metoprolol 100 mg b.d. and a combination of the two, were given in random order. There was at least a 7-day washout period between each pharmacokinetic study day. Plasma levels of unchanged felodipine and metoprolol were measured for 24 h after the last dose, on the 5th day of each treatment period. Eight subjects, aged 19–22 years, completed the study. Both felodipine and metoprolol, given alone and in combination, were well tolerated. None of the felodipine pharmacokinetic variables (tmax, Cmax, Cmin, AUC (0–12) and t1/2) changed significantly when felodipine and metoprolol were given in combination. Cmax and AUC (0–12) for metoprolol increased significantly when metoprolol and felodipine were combined, although tmax, Cmin and t1/2 for metoprolol remained unchanged. The changes in metoprolol pharmacokinetics induced by felodipine are small and unlikely to be clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606633
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of felodipine in patients with liver disease (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; liver cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine patients (6 males, 3 females) with biopsy-proven liver cirrhosis participated in an open, cross-over, three centre study of the effect of impaired liver function on the pharmacokinetics of felodipine. Two of the nine patients had undergone porto-caval anastomosis. Each patient was given 0.75 mg i.v. and 10 mg p.o. on separate occasions. The results of this study have been compared with published data from younger subjects and elderly hypertensive patients. The mean peak plasma concentration normalized to a dose of 10 mg (Cmax 46 nmol/l) was twice as high in the cirrhotic patients as in the healthy subjects, but the bioavailability, f, (17.0%) was comparable. Subjects with a porto-caval shunt did not have higher f than the mean for the group. The volume of distribution at steady-state, Vss, was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects. Protein binding was significantly lower in the patients with cirrhosis: 99.46% compared to 99.64% in the healthy subjects. The weight-corrected clearance was 1/3 of the value in healthy subjects. No correlation between systemic availability and oral clearance was found, so it is proposed that felodipine is metabolized both in the liver and also in the gut wall. The results suggest that at least the starting dose should be reduced in patients with severe liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558072
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