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  • 1975-1979  (22)
  • 1970-1974  (27)
  • 1955-1959  (9)
  • 1830-1839
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (50)
  • Cellular immunity  (4)
  • Isoprenaline  (4)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Macrophage electrophoresis mobility LAD test ; Multiple sclerosis ; Cellular immunity ; Lymphocyte sensitization ; Linoleic acid effect ; Immunity, cellular
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit dem MEM-Test (Field) ist infolge des von sensibilisierten Lymphocyten nach antigener Stimulierung abgegebenen macrophage-slowing-factor (MSF) eine celluläre Immunreaktion feststellbar. Eine Hemmung der Makrophagenmobilität kann bei einer Reihe neurologischer Erkrankungen mit Parenchymdestruktion nachgewiesen werden. Die Modifikation in Form des MEM-LAD (linoleic acid depression)-Testes ergab eine weitere Differenzierung für die untersuchten 146 neurologischen Krankheitsfälle bzw.Normalpersonen: die Reduktion der Mobilitätshemmung für die multiple Sklerose (MS) von durchschnittlich 94,7±4,7% gestattet eine signifikante Unterscheidung zu Normalpersonen mit 55,1±3,7% und anderen neurologischen Krankheiten mit 47,8±7,1%. Die MS-typischen Befunde des MEM-LAD-Testes zeigten innerhalb der verschiedenen Verlaufsformen der MS und bezüglich der Erkrankungsdauer keine wesentlichen Abweichungen, waren auch unabhängig von der immunsuppressiven Therapie. Die pathogenetisch bedeutsamen Ergebnisse des Verfahrens bei Verwandten von MS-Patienten wiesen mit einer zwischen den MS- und Normalwerten stehenden Reduktion (78,5±0,7%) für alle Mütter auf eine familiäre (genetische) Disposition; es wurde dies durch einen gleichartigen Befund bei einem monozygoten Zwilling eines MS-Kranken bestätigt. Die neben den endogenen metabolischen Komponenten für die ätiopathogenetischen Probleme der MS wichtigen exogenen Faktoren können, wie die Ergebnisse bei Kindern ergaben, in einer frühen Lebensphase wirksam sein. In Korrelation zum Prinzip des MEM-LAD-Testes läßt sich aus der suppressiven Wirkung der Linolsäure ein weiteres therapeutisches Konzept ableiten.
    Notes: Summary With the MEM test (Field) one can establish a cellular immune reaction because the sensitized lymphocytes release the macrophage slowing factor (MSF) upon interaction with the appropriate antigen. A macrophage migration inhibition was detected in some neurological diseases with destruction of the parenchyma. The modification MEM-LAD (linoleic acid depression) test made further differentiation possible in the 146 neurological patients and normals. The reduction of macrophage mobility inhibition was 94.7±4.7% in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases as compared with that of normals of 55.1±3.7% and of other neurological diseases of 47.8±7.1%. There were no significant differences due to the course and duration of the disease or to immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenically important results in relatives of MS patients with values between the MS and normal group (78.5±0.7%) in mothers suggested a familial (genetic) disposition. The same value was found in a monozygotic twin of an MS patient. The results in the children studied showed that besides the endogenic metabolic component the aetiopathogenically important exogenic factors can operate early in life. In correlation with the principle of the MEM-LAD test the suppressive action of linoleic acid can result in a further therapeutic concept.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 303 (1978), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: α-Adrenoceptors ; Renin ; Isoprenaline ; Tyramine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine on the isoprenaline-induced increase in plasma renin concentration was investigated in conscious rats. Tyramine caused a dose-dependent decrease in the isoprenaline-induced elevation of plasma renin concentration. Pretreatment of the rats with reserpine abolished this effect of tyramine, indicating that tyramine released catecholamines which acted on the inhibitory adrenoceptors. Pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, an α-adrenoceptor antagonist, also abolished the inhibitory effect of tyramine on renin release, indicating that α-adrenoceptors mediated the observed inhibition of renin release. In rats with chronically denervated kidneys tyramine did not inhibit renin release. It is concluded that catecholamines which are released from renal sympathetic nerve endings can suppress renin release by activating α-adrenoceptors.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Lymphokine ; Cellular immunity ; Macrophage electrophoretic mobility test ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf der Grundlage des modifizierten MEM (Makrophagen-Elektrophorese-Mobilitäts)-Testes bzw. TEEM-Testes (elektrophoretische Mobilität tannierter Erythrocyten) wurde unter direkter Verwendung des Liquor cerebrospinalis die Hemmung der elektrophoretischen Zellmobilität untersucht. Die inhibierende Aktivität des macrophage-slowing-factor (MSF) — eines der in vivo Lymphokine — im Liquor erbrachte bei der Multiplen Sklerose (17,5±3,8%) und Neurolues eine deutliche Hemmung der Indikatorzellen. Für die übrigen entzündlichen Krankheitsbilder des Nervensystems erwies sich das Ergebnis dieses MSF-Assay als signifikant geringer (10,1±6,8%); bei den anderen neurologischen (und vertebrogenen) Krankheiten war — bis auf wenige Ausnahmen — die Mobilitätshemmung nur angedeutet bis fehlend (5,1±4,2%). Die Bestimmung des MSF im Liquor neuroimmunologischer Erkrankungen wurde bezüglich der Immunpathogenese und Diagnostik einer zellulären Immunreaktion für bedeutungsvoll angesehen. Durch säulenchromatographische Fraktionierung ließ sich feststellen, daß der mobilitätshemmende Faktor im Liquor (und Serum) hinsichtlich der Molekülgröße identisch ist mit dem aus der Inkubation von Lymphocyten und Antigen resultierenden MSF, der für den Nachweis einer zellulären Immunität im MEM- bzw. TEEM-Test verantwortlich gemacht wird. Aufgrund der Fraktionierungsdaten kann sein Molekulargewicht um 15000 Dalton angenommen werden und liegt somit unterhalb der für die anderen zellmigrationshemmenden Lymphokine mitgeteilten Daten.
    Notes: Summary Inhibition of electrophoretic cell migration using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) directly was investigated by the modified MEM (macrophage electrophoretic mobility) and TEEM (tanned sheep erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility) tests, respectively. An inhibitory activity of macrophage slowing factor (MSF)—one of in vivo lymphokines—in CSF was established in cases of multiple sclerosis (17.5±3.8%) and neurolues. The value of this MSF assay turned out to be significantly different from the remaining inflammatory ailments of the nervous system (10.1±6.8%). Results of other neurological diseases were found to be very much lower (5.1±4.2%). It seems important, for immunopathogenesis and the diagnosis of neuroimmunological diseases with enhanced cellular immunoreaction, to evaluate MSF activity in CSF. To characterize the active factor in CSF (and serum) these fluids were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography as well as supernatants from lymphocyteantigen incubation in MS patients. The main activity for inhibition of electrophoretic cell mobility was eluated in the same fraction in these fluids. It could be shown that units have a molecular weight of about 15000 Daltons; this value for MSF lies below those for other inhibitory lymphokines.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HAA positive acute hepatitis ; Cellular immunity ; Hepatitis associated antigen ; Liver specific antigens ; Migration inhibition test ; Autoimmunity ; HAA-positive akute Hepatitis ; Celluläre Immunität ; Hepatitis assoziiertes Antigen ; Leberspezifische Antigene ; Migrations Inhibitions-Test ; Autoimmunität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die cellulären Immunreaktionen gegenüber homologen leberspezifischen Proteinen (HLP) und dem Hepatitis-assoziierten Antigen (HAA) wurden bei Patienten mit akuter HAA-positiver Hepatitis unter Verwendung des Leukocytenmigrationstestes untersucht. Die Migration war bei 30% der Patienten inhibiert, wenn HLP als Antigen verwandt wurde. Mit HAA zeigten 64% der Patienten, die später im Serum HAA-negative wurden, einen Migrationsindex unter 0,7 und 15% eine Stimulation. Die Häufigkeit der Migrationsinhibition betrug nur 22% bei den Patienten, die persistierende HAA-Antigenträger waren. Nur bei 20% der Fälle war der Test gegenüber beiden Antigenen anormal. Aus den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, daß 1. eine celluläre Immunität gegenüber HAA öfter bei Patienten auftritt, die das Antigen verlieren. 2. die verzögerte Immunität gegenüber den beiden getesteten Antigenen nicht miteinander in Beziehung steht. 3. die Toleranz gegenüber homologen leberspezifischen Antigenen bei der akuten HAA-positiven Hepatitis gebrochen werden kann. Dieser Befund weist eindeutig auf den Einfluß der Virusinfektion für die Entstehung einer Autoimmunität bei Lebererkrankungen hin.
    Notes: Summary The cell-mediated immune responses towards homologous, liver-specific antigens (HLP) and hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) were studied in patients with acute HAA-positive hepatitis using the leukocyte migration test. The migration was inhibited in 30% of the patients when HLP was used. With HAA 64% of the patients—who later became negative for HAA in their serum-exhibited migration indices below 0.7 and 15% of them a stimulation. The incidence of migration inhibition was as low as 22% in patients who were persistently positive for HAA in their serum. In 20% of the cases only was the test abnormal for both antigens. It can be concluded from our results that 1. cellular immune reactions towards HAA occur more often in patients who clear the antigen. 2. the delayed type immunity against the two antigens tested seems not to be correlated. 3. the tolerance against homologous liver specific antigens can be broken in acute HAA-positive hepatitis. This finding clearly points out the influence of viral infection for the development of autoimmunity in liver diseases.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chronic active hepatitis ; Cellular immunity ; Liver specific antigens ; Migration inhibition test ; leukocyte ; Chronisch aktive Hepatitis ; Celluläre Immunität ; Leberspezifische Antigene ; Migrations-Inhibitions-Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Zweiphasentechnik des Leukocyten-Migrations-Inhibitionstestes beschrieben und zum Nachweis einer cellulären Immunreaktion gegenüber Leberantigenen bei chronisch-entzündlichen Lebererkrankungen eingesetzt. Mit dieser Technik wurde bei 85% der Patienten mit hypergammaglobulinämischer Verlaufsform einer chronisch-aktiven Hepatitis und 42% der Patienten mit aktiv fortschreitenden kryptogenen Lebercirrhosen eine Migrationshemmung nachgewiesen. Lebergesunde Kontrollen zeigten keine, Patienten mit dem Zustand nach Hepatitis und chronisch-persistierender Hepatitis selten eine Leukocytenmigrationsinhibition gegenüber leberspezifischen Antigenen. 17% der Patienten mit chronisch-aktiver Hepatitis, die länger als 6 Monate unter einer immunosuppressiven Therapie standen, ließen noch eine schwache Migrationsinhibition erkennen. Die Befunde legen nahe, daß celluläre Immunreaktionen gegenüber leberspezifischen Antigenen bei bestimmten Verlaufsformen einer chronisch-entzündlichen Lebererkrankung pathogenetisch von Bedeutung sind.
    Notes: Summary A two-phase technique of the leukocyte migration inhibition test is described. Cellular immunity to homologous liver specific proteins in patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases has been assayed using this test system. Inhibition of migration was observed in 85% of the patients with chronic active hepatitis and in 42% of the patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver. Healthy subjects with no history of liver disease were used as controls and showed no inhibition of migration to the liver antigens. Patients with healed hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis rarely had abnormal migration indices. A statistically insignificant inhibition of migration was found only in patients with chronic active hepatitis treated with azathioprin and prednison. The results support the view of the importance of cell- mediated immune reactions towards liver antigens in the pathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: α-Adrenoceptors ; Isoprenaline ; Renin ; Sympathetic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of the sympatho-adrenal system for the isoprenaline-induced increase in plasma renin concentration was investigated in conscious rats. Ganglionic blockade by trimethidinium (10 mg kg−1) increased the dose-dependent elevation of plasma renin concentration induced by isoprenaline (0.03–0.48 μg kg−1 min−1). Also treatment of the rats with guanethidine (6 mg kg−1) or reserpine (2.5 mg kg−1, given 16 and 7 h prior to the experiments) further increased the effect of isoprenaline (0.5 μg kg−1 min−1) on plasma renin concentration. Unilateral renal denervation combined with contralateral nephrectomy doubled the effect of the β-sympathomimetic amine on renin release. The α-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (3 mg kg−1) also enhanced the effect of isoprenaline on this parameter. It is concluded that apart from a stimulation of renin release via β-adrenoceptors the sympathetic nervous system may inhibit renin release via stimulation of α-adrenoceptors.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Phentolamine ; Isoprenaline ; Uptake-Blockers ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Drinking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increase in water intake, plasma concentration of renin (PRC) and angiotensin I (PAC) induced in rats by the α-sympatholytic agent phentolamine (2.0 mg/kg) is potentiated by the neuronal uptake-blockers cocaine (5.0 mg/kg), desipramine (8.0 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (7.5 mg/kg). The dipsogenic, PRC- and PAC raising activity of the β-mimetic drug isoprenaline (100 μg/kg) remained unaffected by the uptake-blockers used. These results confirm the hypothesis that the increase in PRC is caused by the stimulation of certain β-receptors, which are activated directly by the β-mimetic isoprenaline, while the α-lytic phentolamine does so by a reflex-mediated catecholamine release. These experiments further emphasize the importance of the renin-angiotensin system for the increase in water intake caused by isoprenaline and phentolamine in rats.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 290 (1975), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Isoprenaline ; Renin ; Vasoconstrictors ; Macula densa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mechanism of the increase in plasma renin concentration caused by the β-sympathomimetic agent isoprenaline has been further investigated. Rats were pretreated by occluding the left renal artery for 2 hrs, thus rendering the macula densa cells of this kidney nonfunctioning. After contralateral nephrectomy infusion of isoprenaline (1.5 μg/kg min) still caused a strong increase in plasma renin concentration. This increase was significantly suppressed by simultaneous infusion of angiotensin II (1.0 μg/kg min), the α-sympathomimetic amine phenylephrine (60 μg/kg min) or octapressin (10 mU/kg min). The results exclude any mediator-role of the macula densa receptors in the isoprenaline-induced release of renin. The possibility of a stimulation of renin release via the baroreceptors or a direct “secretomotoric” action of isoprenaline is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1792-1796 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Glycosides of Amino Sugars, II. Synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosidesThe synthesis of glycosides and disaccharides of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose has been explored using trifluoroacetyl as the N-blocking group. Because of its high tendency for neighboring group participation only β-D-glycosides were formed. The corresponding α-disaccharide could be obtained as the main product when employing 2.4-dinitrophenyl as the N-protecting group.
    Notes: Die N-Trifluoracetyl-Schutzgruppe wurde zur Synthese von Glykosiden und Disacchariden der 2-Amino-2-desoxy-D-glucose benutzt. Sie zeigte eine hohe Tendenz zur Nachbargruppen-beteiligung unter Bildung von -β-D-Glykosiden. Das entsprechende α-Disaccharid wurde als Hauptprodukt bei Verwendung der N-2.4-Dinitrophenyl-Schutzgruppe erhalten.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 2424-2427 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Di- and Polyamino Sugars, XV. XIV. Mitteil.: W. Meyer zu Reckendorf, Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1970, 287. Synthese der 2.4-Diamino-1.6-anhydro-2.4-dideoxy-D-talose. Synthesis of 2,4-Diamino-1,6-anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-D-taloseDehydrogenation of the amino reductone 1 with iodine yields a triulose which is isolated as the phenylhydrazone-phenylazo derivative 2. Spontaneous cyclization of 2 forms the 1.6-anhydro compound 3. On hydrogenation 2as well as 3are transformed into the title compound.
    Notes: Die durch Dehydrierung des Aminoreduktons 1 mit Jod entstehende Triulose wird als Bis-phenylhydrazon 2 isoliert, das die Konstitution eines Phenylhydrazon-benzolazo-Derivates besitzt. 2 cyclisiert leicht zur 1.6-Anhydro-Verbindung 3, die, wie auch 2, bei der katalytischen Hydrierung die Titelverbindung liefert.
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