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  • GABA  (3)
  • Substantia nigra  (2)
  • 68.55  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of copper Chemical-Vapor-Deposition films on glass and Si(100) substrates (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 607-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.15 ; 68.55 ; 07.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thin films of pure copper have been deposited on glass and Si(100) substrates using copper acetylacetonate [Cu(acac)2] and copper HexaFluoroAcetylacetonate [Cu(HFA)2] sources. A thermal, cold-wall, reduced pressure (3325–5985 Pa) Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) process was employed. The effect of H2O vapor on the grain size, deposition rate, and resistivity was examined. Electrical resistivities of 2.4 μω cm for copper films deposited on Si(100) and 3.44 μω cm for copper films deposited on glass at substrate temperatures of 265° C and a [Cu(acac)2] source temperature of 147° C with the use of H2O vapor were measured. When [Cu(HFA)2] was used, the substrate temperature was 385° C and the source temperature was 85° C. An activation energy for the copper film deposition process was calculated to be 22.2 kJ/mol in the case of the [Cu(acac)2] source. A deposition rate of 11 nm/min was obtained with Cu(acac)2 as the source and the rate was 44.4 nm/min with the Cu(HFA)2 source; both were obtained with the use of H2O vapor. No selectivity was observed with either source for either substrate. The deposited films were fully characterized using XRD, LVSEM, SAXPS, and RBS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 14 (1971), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA ; Strio-nigral neurons ; Elongated synaptic vesicles ; Hemitransection ; Bouton-degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interference with the neuronal connection between the substantia nigra and striatum of rat by hemitransection at the subthalamic level or lesion of left side of striatum by a simple suction method was studied in relation to the concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in both regions. Time interval studies, at two, six, and twelve days after hemitransection, showed that the GABA concentration in substantia nigra had markedly decreased, whereas only a slight change was shown on the striatum of the operated side. Destruction of the striatum by suction caused a significant fall of the GABA content in the ipsilateral side of substantia nigra. However, destruction of the frontal cortex alone did not cause any marked change in the GABA content of the substantia nigra. In addition, electron microscopic studies disclosed that within the synaptic organization of the substantia nigra approximately 20 % of the boutons contained elongated synaptic vesicles, and that, following coagulation of the striatum, some large axosomatic terminals containing elongated synaptic vesicles also underwent degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234913
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system 1. Regional distribution of GABA in rabbit, rat, guinea pig and baboon CNS (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA-Regional distribution ; Rabbit ; Rat ; Guinea pig ; Baboon ; CNS ; Substantia nigra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regional distribution of GABA in the CNS of rabbit (17 regions), rat (14 regions), guinea pig (12 regions) and baboon (11 regions) was determined by sensitive enzymatic and fluorometric assay. In all species studied a high concentration of GABA was found in substantia nigra (8.5–10.1 mmoles/kg) and pallidum (6.5–8.2 mmoles/kg). Fairly high amounts were found in hypothalamus, superior and inferior colliculi, nucleus oculomotorius and dentate nucleus. The GABA concentration in spinal cord (white matter) had the lowest value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234282
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-glutamate decarboxylase and Choline acetyltransferase activity in the substantia nigra and the striatum after surgical interruption of the strio-nigral fibres of the baboon (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 217-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: L-glutamate decarboxylase ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Substantia nigra ; Strio-nigral fibre ; Inhibitory system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study investigated the effect of strio-nigral hemitransection on the enzymes necessary for the synthesis and cataboiism of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine and dopamine in the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the pallidum and the substantia nigra of the baboon. After transection, more than 70% of the L-glutamate decarboxylase activity was missing from the substantia nigra ipsilateral to the location of the lesions, leaving all remaining regions unchanged. Choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase and monoaminoxidase activities failed, however, to be affected by the lesions, while glutamic-γ-aminobutyric transaminase was slightly decreased in the substantia nigra. These results strongly support our previous view that the strio-nigral neuron system is primarily an inhibitory one, in which γ-aminobutyric acid plays the role of transmitter. Confirming earlier investigations, a marked reduction of L-DOPA decarboxylase activity was induced by the lesions in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, which indicates that the nigro-striatal neuron system in the baboon is also dopaminergic. Neither the striatum nor the substantia nigra had a markedly diminished acetylcholine content after hemitransection. This strongly suggests that the acetylcholine in the striatum does not depend on the integrity of the strio-nigral connexions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238536
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamat- und GABA-Konzentration in Gehirn und Liquor Cerebrospinalis von Ratten unter Behandlung mit Phosphatidylcholin (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 232 (1982), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Phosphatidylcholine ; Glutamate ; GABA ; Brain ; CSF ; Friedreich's ataxia ; Phosphatidylcholin ; Glutamat ; GABA ; ZNS ; Liquor cerebrospinalis ; Friedreichsche Ataxie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um zu untersuchen, ob die Gabe von Phosphatidylcholin, die den zentralnervösen Azetylcholingehalt erhöht, einen Einfluß auf die Neurotransmitter Glutamat und GABA hat, wurde 17 von 32 Ratten über 14 Tage 1,5g/kg Lethicon® pro die peroral gegeben. Die fluorometrische Messung der Konzentrationen von Glutamat und GABA in frontalem Cortex, Striatum, Nigra, Kleinhirnrinde sowie von Glutamat im Liquor cerebrospinalis ließ keine signifikanten Unterschiede gegenüber Kontrolltieren erkennen. Nach zweiwöchiger Gabe von Phosphatidylcholin konnte keine zentralnervöse Interaktion des cholinergen Systems mit den Neurotransmittern Glutamat und GABA nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary Phosphatidylcholine increases CNS concentrations of acetylcholine. In rats we investigated whether or not phosphatidylcholine also influences the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. In 17 rats 1.5g/kg Lethicon perorally was administered daily for 2 weeks, 15 rats served as controls. In tissue from frontal cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, cerebellar cortex no significant differences between treated and untreated animals were found in glutamate or GABA concentrations. A central nervous interaction between the cholinergic system and the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA, therefore, could not be demonstrated after 2 weeks of phosphatidylcholine intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343363
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Aethanol auf die Neurotransmitter Glutamat und GABA (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 232 (1982), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Barbiturate ; Cortex ; GABA ; Glutamate ; Hippocampus ; Nigra ; Striatum ; Aethanol ; Barbiturat ; Cortex ; GABA ; Glutamat ; Hippocampus ; Nigra ; Striatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In zwei Versuchsserien wurde der Einfluß von chronischer Aethanolgabe (5 g/kg täglich) über 2 bzw. 4 Wochen auf die Neurotransmitter Glutamat und GABA bei Ratten untersucht. Dabei fand sich ein durch Barbiturat maskierter Anstieg der GABA-Konzentration in Striatum, Hippocampus und Substantia nigra, 8 bzw. 12 Stunden nach der letzten Aethanolgabe. Für Glutamat konnte ebenfalls ein Anstieg in den untersuchten Hirnregionen gefunden werden, der mit den für Dopamin bekannten Veränderungen unter Aethanol vereinbar ist. Die Bedeutung für die Pathogenese hirnorganischer Anfälle und psychotischer Symptome nach chronischem Alkoholmißbrauch wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The effect of chronic ethanol administration, 5 g/kg per day for 2 or 4 weeks, on the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA was investigated in rats. An increase in GABA was found in the striatum, hippocampus, and substantia nigra, 8 or 12 h after the last ingestion of ethanol, this being masked by injection of barbiturate. In addition an increase of glutamate has been found in the examined brain areas. This is consistent with the known effect of ethanol on brain Dopa metabolism and release. Finally, the relevance of the results for the pathogenesis of withdrawal seizures and delirious states is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343699
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