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  • Human cytomegalovirus  (2)
  • Antigen and nucleic acid detection  (1)
  • Hepatitis markers  (1)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of shell viral culture and serology for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and immunocompromised subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Neonates ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of “shell vial culture” [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210232
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral immune response to human cytomegalovirus infection: diagnostic potential of immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass antibody response to human cytomegalovirus early and late antigens (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 270-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Early antigens ; Late antigens ; Recombinant antigens ; Immunglobulins G1-G3, A and M ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the development of effective prophylaxis (hyperimmune globulins) and improvement of serological testing for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised patients it is essential to characterize the viral encoded proteins and the humoral immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies and immunglobulin class and IgG subclass reactivity to “early” and “late” HCMV proteins. The major neutralizing epitopes have been identified and screening of donor sera for neutralizing antibody by either conventional neutralization assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens may help to improve the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin prophylaxis. The humoral response to individual HCMV proteins has been thoroughly investigated in immunocompromised patients. Antibodies against HCMV induced “early” antigens are not exclusively associated with active infection but may indicate an elevated risk for cytomegalic inclusion disease in immunocompromised patients. With a sensitive western blot technique. IgM and IgA antibodies against HCMV “late” proteins can be detected in sera from healthy seropositive individuals. Serum samples from subjects suffering from cytomegalic inclusion disease show significantly larger broader immune responses compared with healthy HCMV antibody carriers. Promising results using recombinant antigens corresponding to immunodominant epitopes for the detection of HCMV specific antibodies have been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184725
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-HBc IgM bei akuter und chronischer Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektion (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 837-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis markers ; Anti-hepatitis B core immunoglobulin M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) synthesized in E. coli was used for determination of immunoglobulin M class-specific antibodies against HBcAg. It was found that 98% of cases with acute hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive hepatitis type B were anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive. Atypical hepatitis B was detected in 33% of anti-HBc-positive HBsAg-negative cases with acute hepatitis. Anti-HBc IgM was positive for 6 months in acute resolving hepatitis type B, whereas cases resulting in chronic hepatitis B remained anti-HBc IgM-positive for up to 900 days. Chronic HBsAg carriers with severe liver disease had anti-HBc IgM more often than individuals with minor liver damage; 83% of HBsAg-positive liver cirrhoses, 63% of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 50% of HBsAg-positive liver carcinoma, but only 17% of chronic persistent hepatitis or 7% of healthy blood donors were anti-HBc IgM-positive. Determination of anti-HBc IgM is useful in detecting atypical hepatitis B virus infections without HBsAg in serum and, with some restrictions, in discriminating acute and chronic hepatitis type B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711864
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cytomegalovirus infection: Recent developments in diagnosis and epidemiology (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HCMV isolation ; Antigen and nucleic acid detection ; Ig class-specific antibody determination ; Risk groups: pregnancy, blood transfusion, organ transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) is caused by a horizontally or vertically transmitted human herpes virus infection and may persist for life without obvious clinical symptoms. A serious course of horizontal primary and recurrent infections, however, is often observed in immunocompromised persons such as recipients of organ transplants and patients receiving fresh blood transfusions. Vertical infection may cause fetopathies. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is thought to inherit an oncogenic potential as lately discussed for AIDS and M. Kaposi. Laboratory diagnosis of HCMV infection is performed by light microscopy (inclusion bodies), electron microscopy, virus isolation in cell culture, demonstration of viral DNA and antigen in clinical specimens, by histochemical methods (e.g. immunoperoxidase technique) and by DNA and peptide analysis for identification of different isolates and viral finger prints. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in HCMV infection is performed quantitatively (assessment of Thelper/Tsuppressor ratios) or qualitatively (specific lymphocyte stimulation by the antigen). In most cases laboratory diagnosis is achieved by serological methods, i.e. demonstration and quantitation of HCMV-specific antibodies. In this context, a number of liquid- and solid-phase immunoassays have been developed, of which immunofluorescence and ELISA are most commonly used, besides complement fixation and passive haemaglutination. These procedures on the one hand allow the use of different antigen preparations as early and late viral proteins, and on the other hand permit a specific determination of different Ig classes and subclasses. A variety of assays has been established especially for determination of virus-specific IgM antibodies, which are predominantly found in active infection. These, however, at least in part may show non-specific results caused by interference of rheumatoid factor or IgG competition. Such problems have now been dealt with and are avoided by IgG precipitation or IgM immunosorption (“μ-capture” technique). These recent methods allow an exact epidemiological identification of risk groups for CMV infection. Results from our laboratory revealed 13% HCMV-IgM positive patients among pregnant women, 16% IgM positive patients among renal transplant recipients, 4% igM positive cases in patients after cardiosurgery and 1.7% IgM positives among prostitutes. The prevalence of HCMV infection as indicated by specific IgG antibodies was 56%, 90%, 83%, and 90%, respectively. No IgM antibodies were found in haemophiliacs and healthy blood donours, which showed a prevalence of HCMV infection in 69% and 47% of tested serum samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731469
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated Plasma Levels of 90K (Mac-2 BP) Immunostimulatory Glycoprotein in HIV-1-Infected Children (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 20 (2000), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ; 90K (Mac-2BP) ; viral load ; progression markers ; immune system activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 90K is a secreted serum glycoprotein with immune stimulatory activity. In this study, 90K plasma levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 18 HIV-1-infected children and 10 uninfected control children. 90K levels in HIV-1-infected children (median, 12.5 μg/ml) were higher than in HIV-1 uninfected control group (6.3 μg/ml; P 〈 0.05). 90K levels of HIV-1-infected children classified as stage B and C (median, 15.0 μg/ml and 22.7 μg/ml, respectively) were higher compared to children with stage A disease (median, 7.0 μg/ml; P 〈 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.5; P 〈 0.05) was found between 90K levels and HIV-1 RNA levels in 137 plasma samples of 18 HIV-1-infected children collected during a period of 1 year. No correlation was found between 90K levels and CD4 cell counts. These results suggest that 90K plasma levels may represent a novel marker of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006634530672
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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