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  • Thalamus  (4)
  • Brassica oleracea  (3)
  • Basket cells  (2)
  • Chemistry  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4-Methoxybrassinin, a sulphur-containing phytoalexin from Brassica oleracea
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 29 (1990), S. 1499-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Cruciferae ; indole ; phytoalexin ; stress metabolise ; sulphur compound. ; white cabbage
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(90)80108-S
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassicanal C and two dioxindoles from cabbage
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 30 (1991), S. 2915-2917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Cruciferae ; Pseudomonas cichorii ; brassicanal C ; cabbage ; dioxibrassinin ; dioxindole ; indole ; phytoalexin ; sulphinate ; sulphur compound.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)98224-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methoxybrassenins A and B, sulphur-containing stress metabolites from Brassica oleracea var. Capitata
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 30 (1991), S. 3921-3922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Cruciferae ; cabbage ; methoxybrassenin A ; methoxybrassenin B ; phytoalexin, indole ; stress metabolite ; sulphur compound ; topomerization.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(91)83435-N
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the inhibitory actions of Golgi cells and of basket cells (1967)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 3 (1967), S. 81-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellar inhibition ; Golgi cells ; Basket cells ; Purkinje cells ; Granule cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. There has been a comparative study of two kinds of inhibition in the cerebellar cortex: basket cell inhibition of Purkinje cells; and Golgi cell inhibition of granule cells. These inhibitory actions were assayed by the degree of inhibition of the potential waves that juxta-fastigial (J.F.) stimulation evoked in the granular or molecular layers: basket cell inhibition by the N1 wave generated by antidromic invasion of Purkinje cells; and Golgi cell inhibition of the N3 or P2 waves evoked by the mossy fibre volley in the molecular and granular layers respectively. 2. The Golgi cell inhibition produced by a parallel fibre volley (LOC stimulation) extended transversely for no more than 200 μ on either side of the narrow beam of the excited parallel fibres, whereas the spread of basket cell inhibition was much larger — to as far as 1 mm. 3. When activated by the on-beam LOC stimulation, the Golgi cell and the basket cell inhibition showed much the same threshold of the stimulation. The off-beam LOC stimulation produced only the basket cell inhibition which is in conformity with the different transverse distributions described in (2) above. 4. When evoked by J. F. or trans-folial (T. F.) stimulation, the Golgi cell inhibition had a much lower threshold than the basket cell inhibition. It is suggested that in part at least this is attributable to the direct synaptic connection from mossy fibres to Golgi cells. 5. The Golgi cell inhibition elicited by the LOC stimulation showed a relatively short time course, the maximum being attained by about 10 msec, after which there was an approximately exponential decrease so that the total duration was only about 100 msec. On the other hand, the basket cell inhibition had a much slower time course, maximum being attained at a latency of 20 to 40 msec, the total duration being even in excess of 200 msec. Suggestions are made with respect to the factors responsible for the slow time course of the basket cell inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234471
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiologic studies on the pallido- and cerebellothalamic projections in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pallidum ; Cerebellar nuclei ; Thalamus ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thalamic projections of the pallidum and the deep cerebellar nuclei were studied by unitary recordings as well as field potential analysis in the thalamus of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Stimulation of the pallidum produced a positive field potential preceded by incoming afferent fiber volleys in the thalamus. Spontaneous discharges of thalamic neurons were suppressed during this positive potential, and intracellular recordings from the thalamic neurons revealed that the time course of this field potential corresponded to that of the hyperpolarizing potential. The hyperpolarization was presumed to be a monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potential by the short synaptic delay (about 0.5–0.7 ms) and responsiveness to high frequency stimulation (over 150 Hz). The positive field potential on stimulation of the external pallidal segment was distributed in L.po (VA) and the reticular thalamic nucleus around L.po, whereas that on stimulation of the internal segment was in V.o.a (the anterior basal part of VL) and in Z.o (upper part of VL). The projection of the external segment appeared to be less dense than that of the internal segment. The projection of deep cerebellar nuclei was situated in V.o.a, V.o.p (posterior part of basal part of VL), V.o.i (VLm), the intralaminar nucleus (CL), and some part of V. im (the rostral part of VPLo). Projections of the interpositus and dentate nuclei were distributed in a more anterior part than those of the fastigial nucleus. A certain topographical arrangement of the projections of these three nuclei was found in V.o.p, V.o.i and V.im. No significant overlap was detected between projections of the pallidum and the deep cerebellar nuclei within the thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway for the parietal cortex (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Parietal Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The cerebello-thalamo-cerebral projection system mediating the cerebellar-induced “superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) response” (the basic type of the so-called recruiting response) to the anterior part of the middle suprasylvian gyrus was investigated electrophysiologically. Responses of thalamic neurones to stimulation of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar nucleus (medial, interpositus and lateral) were recorded by microelectrodes. 2. In the anterior portions of the ventral thalamic nuclear complex, presumably in and/or around the ventral anterior (VA) nucleus, there were found neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the suprasylvian cortex and orthodromically to that of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum. They were called P neurones. The neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the anterior sigmoid cortex and orthodromically to that of the cerebellar nuclei located mostly caudo ventrolateral to the place of P neurones, presumably in and/or around the ventral lateral (VL) nucleus. These were called F neurones. 3. The cerebellar excitation of P neurones was estimated on its latency to be monosynaptic and was usually followed by an inhibition lasting for more than 100 msec. Large unitary EPSPs were sometimes noted in P neurones on cerebellar stimulation as well as spontaneously. It was concluded that P neurones constitute the direct T-C projection system mediating the superficial T-C response (e. g., recruiting response) to the parietal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233376
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on cerebello-cerebral projections in the cat (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Cerebral Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Cerebello-cerebral projections were electrophysiologically investigated in cats under light Nembutal anaesthesia. Marked responses were produced by stimulation of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum not only in the pericruciate but also in the suprasylvian cortical areas, both areas being contralateral to the cerebellar nuclei stimulated. Medial nucleus stimulation set up little or no response in the cerebral cortex. 2. The previous electrophysiological study on thalamo-cortical (T-C) projections showed two different kinds of responses in the cortex due presumably to two different T-C projection systems, i. e., deep and superficial T-C responses (see Sasaki et al., 1970). According to laminar field potential analysis, the response in the pericruciate area is characterized by a deep T-C response which is often followed by a superficial T-C response, whereas the response in the parietal cortex consists of a pure superficial T-C response. Intracellular potential changes in cortical neurones elicited by cerebellar nucleus stimulation were consistent with the results of laminar field potential analysis. 3. Comparison between laminar field potentials in the same cortex produced by thalamic and cerebellar nucleus stimulation suggests that the response in the pericruciate cortex is mediated by the ventral lateral nucleus and that the response in the parietal cortex is relayed by the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233375
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The profiles of physiological events produced by a parallel fibre volley in the cerebellar cortex (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 18-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Parallel fibres ; Basket cells ; Purkinje cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Stimulation through concentric electrodes on the surface of a wide cerebellar folium was employed to set up a parallel fibre volley or beam. Serial recording of the field potential was made over a range of depths along microelectrode tracks arranged in a transverse plane across the folium in order to discover the action on Purkinje cells, both those that were on-beam for the parallel fibre volley and those at various distances off-beam. A juxta-fastigial electrode was carefully placed so that an applied stimulus could excite the axons of Purkinje cells distributed across the folium under investigation, the antidromic propagation of impulses thus obtained being utilized to test the effect of parallel fibre volleys upon Purkinje cells. 2. The observations were in accord with the two actions that a parallel fibre volley would be expected to exert on Purkinje cells: a direct excitatory action by the synapses made by parallel fibres with the spines of the Purkinje cell dendrites; an inhibitory action mediated by the stellate and basket cells that themselves are directly excited by the parallel fibre volley. 3. The excitatory synaptic action would result in the two types of responses that were restricted to the narrow zone and superficial location of the parallel fibre volley: active sinks formed by this excitatory synaptic action on the superficial dendrites of Purkinje cells would account for the observed depth profile of extra-cellular slow potentials, a superficial negative wave reversing to a deeper positive wave formed by passive sources on deeper dendrites; superficial synaptic excitation would also account for the facilitation of the propagation of antidromic impulses into the superficial dendrites. 4. The inhibitory synaptic action would result in the two types of responses that were widely dispersed transversely and in depth, far beyond the traject of the parallel fibre volley: a slow positive potential wave with a maximum at a depth usually of 300–400 μ; an inhibitory action on the antidromic invasion of Purkinje cells. The transverse profiles of these two presumed indices of inhibitory action on Purkinje cells apparently revealed that a basket cell may give inhibitory synapses up to 1000 μ laterally from the location of its soma and dendrites. 5. A description is given of the variants in the transverse profiles of the deeper positive waves and of inhibitory actions of a parallel fibre volley that presumably are mediated by basket cells and also by the superficial stellate cells. These physiological findings are correlated with the histologically determined distribution of synapses from a basket cell onto Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234358
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamo-cortical projections for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses in the parietal cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Cortex ; Recruiting response ; Spindling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The thalamic neurones sending their axons to the parietal association cortex (middle suprasylvian gyrus) and receiving monosynaptic excitation from the cerebellar (interpositus or lateral) nucleus were recorded with microelectrodes extracellularly and intracellularly around the anterior ventral (VA) nucleus of the thalamus in cats. Such thalamic neurones are known to carry exclusively the impulses responsible for superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses in the parietal cortex, being called superficial T-C neurones (see Sasaki et al., 1972a, b). 2. Repetitive (6–9/sec) stimulation of the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex (CM) or the intralaminar nuclei (IL) of the thalamus elicited grouped spike discharges of the neurone in synchronization with the recruiting responses in the parietal cortex. The grouped discharges usually preceded the respective cortical responses by several milliseconds. Numbers of the spikes in the grouped discharges increased and decreased as the recruiting responses waxed and waned on the repetitive stimulation. 3. The superficial T-C neurones also showed similar grouped discharges in synchronization with spindling-like, surface-negative cortical responses which occurred spontaneously or were evoked by single thalamic stimulation. 4. It was concluded that the superficial T-C neurones can convey impulses for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses from the thalamus directly to the cerebral cortex. They are supposed to constitute the final T-C pathway of the neuronal circuits of the recruiting system, i.e., non-specific T-C projection system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235413
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acyloin condensation in aqueous system by durable polymer-supported thiazolium salt catalysts (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1711-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: durable catalyst ; thiazolium salt ; aqueous system ; acyloin condensation ; enzyme model ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We characterized three low-molecular-weight thiazolium salt analogues: N-methyl-5-(2′-benzyloxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium iodide (MBMTI), N-methyl-4-phenylthiazolium iodide (MPTI), and N-methylbenzothiazolium iodide (MBTI). MBMTI, having high-electron density on the thiezolium ring, was found to be a durable thiazolium salt in buffer solution. Then, the polymer-supported thiazolium salt catalyst having MBMTI structure as a catalytic site for acyloin condensation was prepared by the polymerization of the corresponding thiazole monomer and the following quaternization. The polymer catalyst had excellent catalytic activity even in buffer solution, while the corresponding low molecular weight catalyst did not show any activity in aqueous system. Furthermore, the durable polymer catalyst could be reused under the aqueous condition. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320913
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