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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gemcitabine for palliative treatment in metastatic breast cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 527-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Gemcitabine ; Advanced breast cancer ; Monotherapy ; Combination therapy ; Long-time infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gemcitabine is one of the recently developed drugs with a high efficacy in various malignant tumours and a mild toxicity profile. As monochemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer, gemcitabine yielded response rates up to 46% as first- and second-line treatment. Neutropenia is the clinically most relevant unwanted effect. Haematological and nonhaematological toxicities are mild, making dose reductions, delays of treatment or withdrawal from treatment very rare. The first phase I and phase II studies of gemcitabine in combination with anthracyclines have shown a good toxicity profile and promising remission rates. Phase I experiences with long-time infusion schedules reveal good feasibility and high patient acceptance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative in vitro toxicity of mitoxanatrone and adriamycin in human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (1987)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 20 (1987), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mitoxantrone (MIT) has recently been introduced into cancer therapy as a possible substitute for the structurally related drug, adriamycin (ADR), because it causes less cardiotoxicity and fewer gastrointestinal side effects. However, the dose-limiting toxicity of MIT is pronounced neutropenia. The in vitro hematoxicity of both drugs in granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (GM-CFCs) was analyzed using drug-exposure schedules analogous to the principles of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of MIT. Bone-marrow and peripheral-blood cells were exposed to 0.075–20 ng/ml MIT or ADR for 5, 20, 60, and 120 min, and for 14 days. The 14-day exposure resulted in Do values of 0.95 and 0.68 ng/ml for bone-marrow and peripheral-blood GM-CFCs subjected to MIT. Exposure to ADR resulted in Do values of 5.43 and 5.13 ng/ml, respectively. As was the case after 14-day exposure to MIT or ADR, short-term exposure again revealed that peripheral-blood GM-CFCs were more sensitive to both drugs. Moreover, at low concentrations, ADR was less toxic than MIT in both types of GM-CFCs, but was more toxic than MIT when a concentration of 20 ng/ml was used. The intracellular concentration of MIT, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, was constantly below 1 ng per 2×107 cells, even when it was applied at a concentration of 20 ng/ml for an exposure time of 2 h. The fact that such low concentrations of MIT are toxic for hemopoietic precursor cells may explain the myelotoxicity of this drug. However, the difference between the precursor-cell toxicity of MIT and that of ADR was small when their respective therapeutic doses were taken into consideration. Further analyses of their toxicity in stem cells and/or the microenvironment would appear to be needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252951
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro hemopoiesis in human micro long-term bone marrow cultures recharged with either allogeneic, T-cell-depleted allogeneic, or syngeneic bone marrow cells (1990)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 60 (1990), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Micro long-term bone marrow cultures ; T cell depletion ; Allogeneic ; Syngeneic hemopoietic stem cells ; Hemopoietic precursor cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) and the proliferation period in human long-term bone marrow cultures are inferior to murine cultures. There is also evidence that recharge of the cultures after establishing confluent stromal layers will not greatly improve myelopoiesis. Data in the literature indicate that PHA-responsive T lymphocytes persist for up to 5 weeks in human but not in murine long-term marrow cultures. We therefore analyzed the effects of recharging micro long-term bone marrow cultures with bone marrow cell samples depleted by T lymphocytes. Depletion was performed in a complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay by applying the monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1. Our data show that regardless of whether T cells were removed only at recharge, at both initiation and recharge, or only at initiation, obvious enhancement could neither be achieved in the GM-CFC production nor in the proliferation period. Furthermore, no advantage was seen when using syngeneic marrow cells. We conclude that in allogeneic long-term marrow cultures hemopoiesis is not limited by immunological incompatibilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728789
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelopoiesis in vitro is suppressed by hepatitis A virus (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 64 (1992), S. A132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Hepatitis A virus ; In vitro myelopoiesis ; Long-term bone marrow cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perturbations of hematopoietic regulation ranging from transient granulocytopenia to rare cases of bone marrow failure are associated with infections due to hepatitis A virus (HAV). In an attempt to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms we had previously established that HAV has a direct suppressive effect on human bone marrow progenitors (CFU-GM, -GEMM, BFU-E). These studies were extended to long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC): Inoculation of bone marrow mononuclear cells with HAV did not interfere with the establishment of an adherent stromal layer, nor did the inoculation of already established layers cause any morphologically recognizable changes to the stroma. In contrast, a significant and progressive decline of the CFU-GM content in the culture supernatants was demonstrated. HAV antigen was detected by APAAP stain in a subpopulation of stromal cells, and sequential estimations of virus titers in the supernatants provided evidence for viral replication in primary bone marrow cultures. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels of infected cultures did not differ from those of uninfected controls. These findings argue for a direct suppression of (pre-) CFU-GM by HAV in a model system (LTBMC) lacking an immune defense which would limit viral replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715366
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophilia during fludarabine treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 78 (1999), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Eosinophilia ; Fludarabine ; Purine analogues ; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although eosinophilia has been reported as a side effect of purine analogues, there is no report on fludarabine-induced eosinophilia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). During chemotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, we observed two cases of significant eosinophilia. A 67-year-old patient with CLL developed bone marrow and peripheral blood eosinophilia up to 7.9×109/l, the highest eosinophil count ever reported during treatment with a purine analogue. The eosinophilia persisted for 33 days. Another patient developed bone marrow eosinophilia without eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. These are the first documented cases of fludarabine-induced eosinophilia in CLL, and this side effect may conceivably be more common than previously recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1399-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cisplatin ; combination chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; pancreatic cancer ; prolonged survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:This phase II study was initiated to determine theefficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with pancreaticcancer. Patients and methods:Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 was givenon days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day schedule, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2on days 1 and 15 to chemonaive patients with locally advanced or metastaticpancreatic cancer. Results:Of the 41 patients enrolled (median age 57, and61% male), median Karnofsky performance status was 80%. Patientsreceived a median of 4.2 cycles (range 1–11). In 35 evaluable patients,one complete response (CR) and three partial responses (PR) were observed, foran overall response rate of 11% (95% confidence interval(95% CI): 3.2%–26.7%). Stable disease (SD) 〉3months occurred in 20 (57%) patients; 6 survived ≥1 year. Mediantime to progressive disease was 4.3 months (95% CI: 3.0–5.7months). For all patients, median survival was 8.2 months (95% CI:6.1–10.6 months) with a one-year survival rate of 27%. Therapywas well tolerated. Grade 3–4 neutropenia (no grade 3–4infection), thrombocytopenia (no bleeding), nausea/vomiting, and alopecia werereported in 29%, 13%, and 2.6% of patients, respectively. Conclusions:The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is amoderately active treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastaticpancreatic cancer without compromising tolerability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026595525977
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple brown tumors in a patient with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 42-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperparathyroidism ; Secondary nutritional ; Brown tumors ; Osteolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For years, brown tumors have been considered to be a characteristic of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, since 1963 several reports indicate the incidence of brown tumors in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism to be 1.5%–1.7%. The appearance of multiple brown tumor lesions is rather uncommon in secondary hyperparathyroidism which is also true for malabsorption as its cause. We report on a 56-year-old man presenting with pain in the bones and multiple osteolyses. A bone biopsy specimen and the laboratory examinations were indicative of secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by malabsorption most likely due to Billroth's II/I gastric resection. Thus, the patient's osteolyses represent brown tumors which have been induced by nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01736534
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelo-lymphopoiesis in long-term bone marrow culture (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Haemopoiesis ; Lymphopoiesis ; Long-term bone marrow culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vitro analysis of early haemopoietic events has been hampered by the absence of culture systems allowing long-term maintainance and proliferation of self-renewing multipotent stem cells. Recently, a liquid culture system has been established which allows in vitro proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells and of haemopoietic precursor and mature end cells for several months. There is good evidence that this long-term proliferation is due to a micro-environment established by bone-marrow-derived stromal cells. This review attempts to summarize recent results in analysing haemopoietic control mechanisms, leukaemogenesis and haematological disorders by applying this culture system using both murine and human bone marrow cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731652
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraneoplastische Syndrome (1998)
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Da diese paraneoplastischen Syndrome dem eigentlichen, morphologisch faßbaren Tumorgeschehen teilweise um Monate vorausgehen können, sind sie theoretisch in der Lage, im Rahmen von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen eine Krebsfrüherkennung zu ermöglichen. Häufig wird übersehen, daß bestimmte anamnestische Angaben und klinische Symptome als Ausdruck einer Tumorfernwirkung richtungsweisend für die Entdeckung eines malignen Tumors sein können. Dementsprechend wird paraneoplastischen Syndromen als möglichen frühen Zeichen maligner Erkrankung im Allgemeinen zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Rückbildungen paraneoplastischer Veränderungen sind Zeichen einer effektiven Tumortherapie, wobei Markman [1] eine Übersicht zum Verhalten von Paraneoplasien unter Therapie publiziert hat. Entscheidend für die Definition der paraneoplastischen Syndrome ist die Bildung von hormonell aktiven oder toxischen bzw. immunogen wirksamen Substanzen entweder durch Tumorzellen selbst oder durch normale Zellen als Antwort auf die bestehende Tumorerkrankung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050145
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronische Schmerzen bei Herpes Zoster (1999)
    Springer
    Der Internist 40 (1999), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herpes Zoster ; Schmerzen ; Postzosterische Neuralgie ; Neuralgie ; postzosterische ; Schmerztherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Der Zostererkrankung liegt eine Entzündung des Spinalganglions bzw. der Ganglien entsprechend befallener Hirnnerven zugrunde. Ursache ist die Reaktivierung einer latenten Infektion mit dem neurotropen Varizella-Herpes-Zoster Virus. Wesentlicher Risikofaktor dafür ist neben dem Lebensalter eine Abwehrschwäche, wie sie oft bei Malignomen und deren einschneidenden Therapien sowie bei immunkompromittierenden Erkrankungen, z.B. HIV-Infektionen, angetroffen wird. Jeder Herpes Zoster sollte, ohne daß andere Erkrankungen bekannt wären, im Umkehrschluß den behandelnden Arzt veranlassen, an ein Malignom zu denken und danach zu fahnden! Der stechende Zosterschmerz der Akutphase wird exakt im befallenen Dermatom lokalisiert, der postzosterische und von den Betroffenen als quälend empfundene brennende Dauerschmerz strahlt auch in die Nachbarsegmente aus. Es kann eine Überempfindlichkeit auch auf leichteste Berührungsreize herrschen, oft unterbrochen von attackenweise stechenden Schmerzen. Die Inzidenz und die Persistenz postzosterischer Schmerzen nimmt mit dem Lebensalter deutlich zu. Wenn auch nicht immer ganz erfolgreich, so werden die chronischen Schmerzen doch meistens durch eine ausgeklügelte Therapie wesentlich gebessert, eventuell nach vorherigen präventiven Maßnahmen in der Akutphase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050320
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