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  • 1
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The major allergenic component of bee venom is phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Methods: In this study, PLA2 was used to analyze and enrich PLA2-binding cells from peripheral blood by high gradient magnetic cell sorting. Results: In normal donors, the frequency of allergen (PLA2)-binding cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as determined by flow cytometry is below 0.1%, whereas in bee-venom-allergic patients, PLA2-binding cells are readily detectable at frequencies of up to 2.3%. In severely bee-venom-allergic patients, many basophilic granulocytes are present, as defined by anti-CD9, CD25, and CD38 mAb, comprising up to 95% of the PLA2-binding cells. From blood of allergic and normal donors, about equal absolute numbers of allergen-binding CD19/21-positive B cells can be enriched. Severe anaphylactic reactions (Mueller grade IV) and failure of or adverse reactions during immunotherapy are associated with high numbers of circulating allergen-binding basophils. Interestingly, in the patients studied, the number of PLA2-binding basophilic granulocytes did not markedly change during rush immunotherapy and up to 6 months of maintenance immunotherapy. Conclusions: The specific and reproducible enrichment of PLA2-binding cells provides a new tool for the analysis and monitoring of effector cells in bee-venom-allergic patients with immediate-type hypersensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 8 (1990), S. 717-735 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By rush bee-venom immunotherapy, subjects reacting allergically to the venom can be effectively anergized, although the mechanism of action is not known. Here we analyzed the systemic effects of rush desensitization on the T cells of allergic patients. In most patients, we found reduced frequencies of T cells recalled to express CD69 and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin, as compared with normal donors. These frequencies are progressively reduced during immunotherapy. The frequency of cells expressing IL-2 does not change. A few patients show a different response to immunotherapy: frequencies of cells expressing CD69, IL-4, or IFN-γ do not change, and remain similar to those of normal donors. However, the frequency of cells able to express IL-2 is increased. The analysis of cytokine expression in CD45RO* vs CD45RO' T-cell populations revealed differences between normal and allergic donors. In allergic patients, higher frequencies of IL-4- and IFN-γ-expressing cells among the CD45RO subpopulation were found than in normal donors. This situation is not modified by immunotherapy. The results reveal a certain degree of heterogeneity in the response of allergic patients to bee-venom rush immunotherapy; however, all are clearly differentiated from normal controls as judged by cytokine expression of CD45RO T cells. In most allergic patients, a considerable percentage of TTi cells become unresponsive to mitogenic stimulation, and may be responsible for the desensitization itself
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0248-4900
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1025-1026 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The karyotypes of 6 mice from different places in Sicily have been determined. 3 of them had abnormal chromosome numbers of 2n=26, 2n=27 and 2n=29, caused by Robertsonian translocations of one acrocentric chromosome to another resulting in metacentric chromosomes, The newly described metacentric chromosomes are Rb(4.3)1Sic, Rb(15.2)2Sic, Rb(12.6)3Sic, Rb(13.5)4Sic, Rb(14.10)5Sic, Rb(17.8)6Sic and Rb(16.9)7Sic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 1998 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science launched a competition for major comprehensive grants with the ultimate goal of forming networks to link patient care, education and research. There were over 150 applications; 9 of which were successful. Among the winners was our proposal to create a federal medical network in rheumatology („Kompetenznetz Rheuma”) and we are pleased to announce its official start here with the presentation of the abstracts from our first network symposium in Berlin. Our endeavor is aimed at bringing together doctors in clinical practice, patients and scientists to improve patient care in rheumatology. Therefore, this network is made up of various components, namely documentation, patient care and new diagnostic efforts. Particular care is being devoted to take scientific work from the bench to the bedside. The rheumatology medical network is organized and further developed by six regional centers of competence located in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Freiburg, Hannover and Lübeck/Bad Bramstedt. Of course, the network is designed as an open system. We invite everyone, who is interested to participate in our work. Detailed information on our projects and our goals can be gained from the persons involved and on our website (http://www.rheumanet.org/).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Namen aller Beteiligten möchten wir Ihnen das Kompetenznetz Rheuma vorstellen. Dieser Artikel soll Ihnen einen ersten Einblick in die Aufgaben, Strukturen und Ziele unseres Projektes geben. Das Kompetenznetz Rheuma geht auf eine Initiative des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung zurück. Unter mehr als 150 Antragstellern hat das Ministerium im Rahmen eines Wettbewerbs neun Kompetenznetzwerke in der Medizin für eine spezielle Förderung ausgewählt. Das Ziel war, die in Deutschland vorhandene, aber bundesweit zersplitterte Kompetenz zu gesundheitspolitisch bedeutenden Krankheitsbildern zu bündeln und dadurch effizienter zu gestalten. Das Kompetenznetz Rheuma ist einer der Gewinner und wird über einen Zeitraum von bis zu fünf Jahren mit bis zu 5Mio. Mark jährlich unterstützt.    Im Kompetenznetz Rheuma schließen sich die verschiedenen Ebenen der Rheumatologie zusammen: die Grundlagenforschung, die Versorgungsforschung, die Universitätskliniken, die rheumatologischen Krankenhäuser und Rehabilitationskliniken, die niedergelassenen Rheumatologen und die Hausärzte. Der Wissens- und Informationstransfer untereinander wird durch horizontale und vertikale Vernetzung sichergestellt. Ein wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, die Wege von der Laborbank bis zum Krankenbett zu verkürzen. Denn der enge Verbund von Grundlagenforschung, Krankenbetreuung und Dokumentation bietet einzigartige Möglichkeiten, neue Forschungsergebnisse zügig in die Patientenversorgung zu integrieren und bestehende Defizite zu erkennen und auszuschalten.    Getragen und weiterentwickelt wird das Kompetenznetz Rheuma von den sechs antragstellenden rheumatologischen Kompetenzzentren in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Freiburg, Hannover und Lübeck/ Bad Bramstedt. Das Netzwerk soll aber kein in sich geschlossenes Projekt bleiben. Alle Interessierten sind herzlich eingeladen, sich daran zu beteiligen. Wir freuen uns also über Ihre Vorschläge, Diskussionsbeiträge und Anfragen! Gezielte Informationen zu den Teilprojekten können Sie bei den in dieser Artikel genannten Ansprechpartnern gern anfordern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Opioidrotation ; Transdermales Fentanyl ; Umrechnungsfaktoren ; Tumorschmerztherapie ; Key words Opioid-rotation ; Transdermal fentanyl ; Conversion ratio ; Cancer pain management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Introduction: The use of transdermal fentanyl is gaining in importance in the management of cancer pain. We describe the reasons for switching opioid medication to transdermal fentanyl in a pain management unit. Methods: Case records of patients treated with transdermal fentanyl in our pain clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Conversion ratios were calculated from the opioid dosage before and after conversion. Pain intensities were assessed on a numeric rating scale (NRS 0: no pain, 10: worst pain imaginable). Results: From October 1995 to December 1997 101 patients received transdermal fentanyl. Thirty-six patients had been treated with transdermal fentanyl before admission to our pain clinic, and relevant information was missing for one patient, so 64 patients were evaluated. Opioid therapy was switched to transdermal fentanyl during in-patient treatment for 53 patients and during out-patient treatment for 11 patients. Before conversion patients were treated with slow-release morphine (48%), immediate-release morphine (17%), buprenorphine (11%), tramadol (11%), levomethadone (5%), tilidine/naloxone (5%) and piritramid (3%). Reasons for opioid rotation were inadequate pain relief ( 33%), the patients’ wish to reduce oral medication (20%), gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea (31%), vomiting (13%) and constipation (19%), dysphagia (27%) or others. Reduction of side effects was reported by 10 of 19 patients . In 12 of 21 patients, in whom the medication was switched because of inadequate pain relief, a reduction in pain intensity was reported. Discussion: Conversion to transdermal therapy may readjust the balance between opioid analgesia and side effects. The opioid switch resulted in more pain relief or fewer side effects in half of the patients. A proposed equianalgesic conversion ratio between 70:1 and 100:1 from oral slow-release morphine to transdermal fentanyl can be confirmed by our data. Conversion rates from other opioids to transdermal fentanyl are suggested.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Transdermales Fentanyl gewinnt in der Tumorschmerztherapie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Wir beschreiben die Gründe für eine Umstellung einer Opioidtherapie auf transdermales Fentanyl in einer universitären Schmerzambulanz. Material und Methode: Retrospektiv wurden die Krankenakten der Patienten untersucht, die in unserer Schmerzambulanz mit transdermalem Fentanyl behandelt worden waren. Die Umrechnungsfaktoren wurden aus den Opioiddosierungen vor und nach dem Wechsel ermittelt. Die Schmerzstärke wurde anhand der Numerischen Ratingskala (NRS 0: kein Schmerz, 10: nicht stärker vorstellbarer Schmerz) gemessen. Ergebnisse: Von Oktober 1995 bis Dezember 1997 wurden 101 Patienten mit transdermalem Fentanyl behandelt. 36 dieser Patienten waren schon zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt auf transdermales Fentanyl eingestellt. Von einem weiteren Patienten lagen nur unvollständige Unterlagen vor, so daß die Umstellung auf transdermales Fentanyl bei 64 Patienten ausgewertet werden konnte. Von diesen wurden 53 stationär und 11 ambulant auf transdermales Fentanyl umgestellt. 48% der Patienten waren mit retardiertem Morphin, 17% mit nicht-retardiertem Morphin, 11% mit Buprenorphin, 11% mit Tramadol, 5% mit Levomethadon, 5% mit Tilidin/Naloxon und 3% mit Piritramid vorbehandelt. Gründe für die Umstellung auf transdermales Fentanyl waren die unzureichende Schmerzreduktion (33%), der Wunsch des Patienten nach oraler Medikamentenreduktion (20%), gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen wie Übelkeit (31%), Erbrechen (13%) und Obstipation (19%), Schluckbeschwerden (27%) oder andere. Eine Reduktion der Nebenwirkungen gaben 10 von 19 Patienten mit dokumentierten Nebenwirkungen an. 12 von 21 Patienten, die wegen unzureichender Schmerzreduktion umgestellt worden waren, berichteten nach Umstellung auf transdermales Fentanyl eine Abnahme der Schmerzintensität. Diskussion: Die Umstellung einer Opioidtherapie auf transdermales Fentanyl führte bei der Hälfte der Patienten entweder zu einer besseren Schmerzreduktion oder zu einer Verminderung der Nebenwirkungen. In der Literatur sind Umrechnungsfaktoren von oralem retardierten Morphin zu transdermalem Fentanyl von 70:1–100:1 beschrieben, was durch unsere Auswertungen bestätigt wird. Umrechnungsfaktoren von anderen Opioiden auf transdermales Fentanyl werden vorgeschlagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Springer seminars in immunopathology 20 (1998), S. 181-196 
    ISSN: 1432-2196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The balance between Th1 and Th2 cells regulates the choice between inflammatory and antibody-mediated immune responses. To an increasing extent this balance is thought to involve the participation of antigen-presenting cells, rather than the entirely autonomous activity of T cells and their cytokines. Here we survey current opinion concerning the working of this balance, and its condition in rheumatoid arthritis and the other inflammatory arthritides. The contrast between Lyme arthritis and reactive arthritis is particularly illuminating, since one is triggered by extracellular and the other by intracellular infection. We describe current approaches to the modulation of this balance. Guided by the principles that genetic polymorphism is likely to identify relevant genes, that any cytokine gene picked up by a virus must matter and that natural immunosuppressive activity at mucosal surfaces should be worth exploiting, we identify as particularly worthy of attention: (i) IL-10, (ii) inhibitors of IL-12 production, (iii) inhibitors of CD40 ligand expression and (iv) oral and nasal tolerance. Other protective T cell subsets are touched on, and the impact of oligonucleotide arrays mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Springer seminars in immunopathology 20 (1998), S. 181-196 
    ISSN: 1432-2196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The balance between Th1 and Th2 cells regulates the choice between inflammatory and antibody-mediated immune responses. To an increasing extent this balance is thought to involve the participation of antigen-presenting cells, rather than the entirely autonomous activity of T cells and their cytokines. Here we survey current opinion concerning the working of this balance, and its condition in rheumatoid arthritis and the other inflammatory arthritides. The contrast between Lyme arthritis and reactive arthritis is particularly illuminating, since one is triggered by extracellular and the other by intracellular infection. We describe current approaches to the modulation of this balance. Guided by the principles that genetic polymorphism is likely to identify relevant genes, that any cytokine gene picked up by a virus must matter and that natural immunosuppressive activity at mucosal surfaces should be worth exploiting, we identify as particularly worthy of attention: (i) IL-10, (ii) inhibitors of IL-12 production, (iii) inhibitors of CD40 ligand expression and (iv) oral and nasal tolerance. Other protective T cell subsets are touched on, and the impact of oligonucleotide arrays mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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