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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the disc positions of temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the vertical and lateral mandibular displacement (VMD and LMD, respectively) and age in female adolescents with signs and symptoms of the temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The VMD and LMD were assessed, using posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms. The disc positions were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and categorized as follows: normal disc position, functional disc displacement and functional disc dislocation. Excluding patients with osteoarthritis, the total number of subjects was 54 female adolescents who were grouped into three: the bilateral normal disc position group, the unilateral or bilateral functional disc displacement group, and the unilateral or bilateral functional disc dislocation group. We compared the extent of VMD and LMD between the three groups, and investigated their correlation with age. Results indicate that functional disc displacement and dislocation are related to mandibular displacement, and VMD did not correlate with age but LMD did correlate with age. This study suggests that the onset of disc displacement is related to the mandibular displacement and disturbs normal growth of the mandible three-dimensionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The efficacy of nitrous oxide (N2O) inhalation on the elevated orofacial muscle tonus during dental treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) was studied by measuring the mean frequency of electromyographic (EMG) discharge, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) taking mentally retarded patients (MR) as a control. At a pre-treatment stage, the mean frequency of the EMG was higher in the CP patients than in the MR patients. By forcing the jaw open, the mean frequency of the EMG, BP and HR was elevated significantly in both types of patients. The enhanced level of the mean frequency of the EMG was higher in the CP patients than in the MR patients. After inhalation of N2O, the mean frequency was reduced significantly in both types of patients, however, the reduction rate was higher in the CP patients than the MR patients; BP and HR were not affected. These results demonstrate the selective efficacy of N2O in reducing the orofacial muscle tonus in CP patients during dental treatment probably because of the N2O inhibiting the function of the central nervous system. The present study therefore suggests the beneficial properties of N2O induced sedation performed during dental treatment on CP patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0029-5493
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 61 (1997), S. 181-198 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Fe- und Mn-Verteilung in Mineralen der Pumpellyit-Gruppe (W 8 X 4 Y 8 Z 12O56-n (OH)n) wurde mittels Mössbauer-Spektroskopie studiert. Die untersuchten Fe-Pumpellyite der Pumpellyit-Julgoldit-Serie stammen von zwei verschiedenen japanischen Lokalitäten: von Metabasiten des Tokoro-Gürtels, Hokkaido, und von Gabbro-Sills der Shimane Halbinsel. Okhotskit, ein Mn3+-dominiertes Mineral der Pumpellyit-Gruppe, wurde aus Erzen einer Mn-führenden Eisenerzlagerstätte des Tokoro-Gürtels separiert. Das57Fe Mössbauer-Spektrum der Tokoro Fe-Pumpellyite zeigt zwei Fe2+- und zwei Fe3+-Doubletten. Auf Grund bisher publizierter verfeinerter Einkristall-Strukturuntersuchungen von Al-Pumpellyiten werden diese Doubletten folgendermaßen zugeordnet: Fe W 2+ (IS = 1.01 undQS = 2.73 mm/s), Fe X 2+ (IS = 0.97 undQS = 3.18 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.29 undQS =1.37 mm/s) und Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.36 undQS = 2.09 mm/s).IS bezeichnet dabei die Isomer-Shift relativ zu einem metallischen Eisenabsorbenten,QS das Quadrupole-Splitting. Diese Zuordnungen belegen den bevorzugten Einbau von Fe3+ in die X-Position. Das Mössbauer-Spektrum von Okhotskit zeigt zwei Doubletten bei Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.37 undQS = 1.13 mm/s) und Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.42 undQS = 2.18 mm/s). Das Flächenverhältnis zeigt, daß das Verhältnis Fe X 3+ :Fe Y 3+ 94:6 ist. Auf Grund der chemischen und der Mössbauer-Analysen wird das Mn X 3+ :Mn Y 3+ Verhältnis mit 19:81 angegeben. Mn3+ zeigt somit eine stärkere Präferenz für die Y-Position als Fe3+, ein Resultat, das mit der Jahn-Teller-Theorie konsistent ist. Der bevorzugte Einbau in die Y-Position ist, in dieser Reihenfolge, Al〉Mn3+〉Fe3+.
    Notes: Summary Fe and Mn distribution in the pumpellyite group minerals (W 8 X 4 Y 8 Z 12056-n (OH) n ) has been studied by using57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The studied Fe-pumpellyites, belonging to the pumpellyite-julgoldite series, were collected from two localities; metabasites in the Tokoro belt, Hokkaido, and gabbroic sills in the Shimane Peninsula, Japan. Okhotskite, an Mn3+-dominant pumpellyite group mineral, was separated from the ores of metamorphosed manganiferous iron ore deposits in the Tokoro belt.57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of Tokoro Fe-pumpellyite is composed of two Fe2+- and two Fe3+-doublets. On the basis of the single crystal structure refinements of Al-pumpellyites published so far, doublets were assigned to Fe W 2+ (IS= 1.01 andQS = 2.73 mm/s), Fe X 2+ (IS = 0.97 andQS = 3.18 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.29 andQS =1.37 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.36 andQS = 2.09 mm/s), whereIS is isomer shift relative to a metallic iron absorber andQS is quadrupole splitting. The Mössbauer spectrum of the Mitsu Fepumpellyite is composed of three doublets assigned to Fe X 2+ (IS= 1.14 andQS = 3.20 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.36 andQS =1.13 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.37 andQS= 1.93 mm/s). These assignments show strong preference of Fe3+ in the X-site. The Mössbauer spectrum of the okhotskite is composed of two doublets by Fe X 3+ (IS= 0.37 andQS = 1.13 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.42 andQS = 2.18 mm/s). The area ratio shows that Fe X 3+ :Fe Y 3+ ratio is 94:6. On the basis of chemical and Mössbauer analyses, Mn X 3+ :Mn Y 3+ ratio is given as 19:81, indicating stronger Y-site preference of Mn3+ than Fe3+, what is consistent with Jahn-Teller theory. Al, Mn3+ and Fe3+ prefer the Y-site in this order.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 38 (1988), S. 105-116 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Piemontite treten in manganführenden Hämatitlagerstätten und Radiolariten in der Nikoro-Gruppe des Tokoro-Gürtels, Ost-Hokkaido, Japan; auf. Die Piemontit-füh-renden Radiolarite und Erzkörper zeigen eine niedrig temperierte (Low-grade Bereich), Hochdruck (intermediate-type)-Metamorphose. In den Erzkörpern bildet Piemontit Gänge zusammen mit Quarz und/oder Mn3+ (in der Y-Position)-führendem Pumpellyit-(Mn2+). In den Radiolariten tritt Piemontit nicht nur in Gängen, sondern auch zusammen mit Pumpellyit-(Mn2+) in Radiolarien auf. Die Mineralparagenese Piemontit, Pumpellyit-(Mn2+), Okhotskit, Hämatit und Bixbyit deutet darauf hin, daß die Radiolarite und Erzlagerstätten unter hohenfO2-Bedingungen metamorphisiert worden sind. In den Erzkörpern enthalten einige Piemontite bis zu 1.12 Mn3+ und die Summe von Mn3+ und Fe3+ erreicht 1.46 pro Formeleinheit. Die Piemontite in den Radiolariten zeigen geringere Mn3+ + Fe3+ Gehalte. Diese Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung sind auf die unterschiedlichen Trägergesteine zurückzuführen. Außerdem variieren die Mn3+ und Fe3+-Gehalte der Piemontite in den Erzkörpern deutlich auf Grund der Substitution von Al ⇌ (Mn3+, Fe3+) und Mn3+ ⇌ Fe3+. Dieses Phänomen kann durch die lokale Verfügbarkeit von Mn3+ und Fe3+ im Trägergestein interpretiert werden. Die niedrige Temperatur-Stabilität von Piemontit kann durch die Assoziation Piemontit-Pumpellyit und durch die bestimmten P-T-Bedingungen der Piemontit-Kristallisation in den Radiolariten und Erzlagerstätten abgeschätzt werden.
    Notes: Summary Piemontites occur in manganiferous hematite ore deposits and radiolarian chest in the Nikoro Group, Tokoro Belt, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The piemontite-bearing chest and ore bodies have suffered low-grade metamorphism of high pressure intermediate type. In ore bodies, piemontite forms veinlets with quartz and/or pumpellyite-(Mn2+) containing Mn3+ in Y site. In chest, piemontite occurs not only in veinlets but also in radiolarian tests with pumpellyite-(Mn2+). The mineral assemblages characterized by piemontite, pumpellyite-(Mn2+), okhotskite, hematite and bixbyite indicate that chest and ore deposits were metamorphosed under extremely highfO2 condition. Some piemontites in ores contain as much as 1.12 Mn3+, and the sum of Mn3+ and Fe3+ attains 1.46 per formula unit, whereas piemontites in chest contain less (Mn3+ + Fe3+). This difference in compositions may essentially be ascribed to the difference in the host rock compositions. On the other hand, Mn3+ and Fe3+ contents of piemontites in ores vary considerably by Al ⇌ (Mn3+, Fe3+) and Mn3+ ⇌ Fe3+ substitutions. This phenomenon may be interpreted in terms of the local availability of Mn3+ and Fe3+ in the host rocks. The low-temperature stability limit of piemontite is evaluated from the relations between piemontite and pumpellyite and from the estimated P-T conditions of piemontite crystallization in chert and ore deposits.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The SOLAR-A spacecraft has spectroscopic capabilities in a wide energy band from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. The Wide Band Spectrometer (WBS), consisting of three kinds of spectrometers, soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS), hard X-ray spectrometer (HXS) and gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS), is installed on SOLAR-A to investigate plasma heating, high-energy particle acceleration, and interaction processes. SXS has two proportional counters and each counter provides 128-channel pulse height data in the 2–30 keV range every 2 s and 2-channel pulse count data every 0.25 s. HXS has a NaI scintillation detector and provides 32-channel pulse height data in the 20–400 keV range every 1 s and 2-channel pulse count data every 0.125 s. GRS has two identical BGO scintillation detectors and each detector provides 128-channel pulse height data in the 0.2–10 MeV range every 4 s and 4-channel pulse count data (0.2–0.7, 0.7–4, 4–7, and 7–10 MeV) every 0.25–0.5 s. In addition, each of the BGO scintillation detectors provides 16-channel pulse height data in the 8–100 MeV range every 4 s and 2-channel pulse count data (8–30 and 30–100 MeV) every 0.5 s. The SXS observations enable one to study the thermal evolution of flare plasma by obtaining time series of electron temperatures and emission measures of hot plasma; the HXS observations enable one to study the electron acceleration and heating mechanisms by obtaining time series of the electron spectrum; and the GRS observations enable one to study the high-energy electron and ion acceleration and interaction processes by obtaining time series of electron and ion spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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