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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-obese-diabetic mice: immune mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell destruction (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 113-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-obese diabetic mice ; autoimmunity ; B-lymphocyte ; islet cell surface antibody ; anti-lymphocyte antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sequence of events shortly before the initiation of diabetes in female non-obese diabetic mice was studied. Immunologically, anti-lymphocyte antibodies appeared most frequently at 3 weeks of age and decreased thereafter. Insulin concentrations dropped after the initiation of mononuclear cell infiltration into the islets. The majority of female mice lost approximately 85% of their insulin at aged 22 weeks. Islet cell surface antibodies appeared most frequently during this period (12–18 weeks). Morphological examination revealed that mononuclear cells start to infiltrate islets at 6 weeks of age and involve major areas of the islets in females aged 22 weeks. Among these mononuclear cells, IgM-positive cells were found to be a major constituent, forming follicular (nodular) cell aggregates. T-helper and/or T-cytotoxic cells (Lyt-1-, and/or Lyt-2-positive cells) were fewer and located mainly around the follicular structures. Asialo GM1-positive lymphocytes (natural killer cells), though present, were far fewer. The process of destruction of pancreatic islets in non-obese diabetic mice is discussed with emphasis on the characteristic local immune response in the pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275663
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polymorphism in the interferon g gene with IDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1159-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Interferon gamma ; gene ; polymorphism ; association ; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; susceptibility ; Japanese.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytokines may play importmant roles in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We analysed a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism within the first intron of the interferon γ (IFN-γ ) gene in Japanese diabetic patients (175 IDDM and 145 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and 267 control subjects. A significant difference was observed in the global allele distribution of the polymorphism between the IDDM and control groups (p = 0.039). The difference from the control group was more evident in the patients whose insulin therapy started within 1 year from onset (p = 0.006) or in the young-onset (〈 10 years) patients (p = 0.0006). The alleles “3” and “6” were increased in the IDDM patients, and a significant increase in the frequency of the “3/6” genotype was observed in the IDDM patient group (9.1 %, RR 2.9, p = 0.010), in the patients with initial insulin therapy less than 1 year from onset (10.6 %, RR 3.4, p = 0.004), or in the young-onset patients (16.7 %, RR 5.7, p = 0.0003) in comparison to the control subjects (3.4 %). There was a tendency towards frequent occurrence of clinical characteristics which reflect young or abrupt onset of diabetes or both, and depletion of insulin secretion capacity in the patients with “3/6” or “6/6” in comparison to the patients with other genotypes. These results suggest that the IFN-γ gene region may contribute to the pathogenesis of IDDM and could be a genetic marker for IDDM. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1159–1162]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418381
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polymorphism in the interferon γ gene with IDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1159-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Interferon gamma ; gene ; polymorphism ; association ; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; susceptibility ; Japanese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytokines may play importmant roles in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We analysed a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism within the first intron of the interferon γ (IFN-γ) gene in Japanese diabetic patients (175 IDDM and 145 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and 267 control subjects. A significant difference was observed in the global allele distribution of the polymorphism between the IDDM and control groups (p=0.039). The difference from the control group was more evident in the patients whose insulin therapy started within 1 year from onset (p=0.006) or in the young-onset (〈10 years) patients (p=0.0006). The alleles “3” and “6” were increased in the IDDM patients, and a significant increase in the frequency of the “3/6” genotype was observed in the IDDM patient group (9.1%, RR 2.9, p=0.010), in the patients with initial insulin therapy less than 1 year from onset (10.6%, RR 3.4, p=0.004), or in the young-onset patients (16.7%, RR 5.7, p=0.0003) in comparison to the control subjects (3.4%). There was a tendency towards frequent occurrence of clinical characteristics which reflect young or abrupt onset of diabetes or both, and depletion of insulin secretion capacity in the patients with “3/6” or “6/6” in comparison to the patients with other genotypes. These results suggest that the IFN-γ gene region may contribute to the pathogenesis of IDDM and could be a genetic marker for IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418381
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (1972)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 8 (1972), S. 53-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219987
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of HLA class II alleles and susceptibility to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) ; gene ; susceptibility ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; Japanese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although HLA-DQB1 alleles encoding aspartic acid at position 57 (Asp-57) are protective against Type 1(insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Caucasians, most Japanese Type 1 diabetic patients carry at least one Asp-57 DQB1 allele. We analysed the DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 genes of 99 Japanese patients and 86 control subjects with polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. We found that (1) the DQA1*0301 allele was significantly increased in Type 1 diabetic patients (RR 7.8,pc 〈 0.0001); (2) the DRB1*0405 (Dw15) allele, which is a subtype of DR4 haplotype, was significantly increased in DR4-positive patients (RR 12.0,pc 〈 0.001); and (3) although the DRw8-DQw8 haplotype was positively associated with Type 1 diabetes, the DRBl*0406-DQw8 haplotype was decreased in the diabetic patients. These data indicate that DRB 1 and DQA1 genes also confer susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in Japanese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342437
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent HLA genetic heterogeneity of IDDM in Japanese patients (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 748-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401850
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of association of the insulin gene region with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 210-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin gene, polymorphism, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, Japanese, susceptibility.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although the insulin gene region is implicated in susceptibility to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Caucasians, significance of this region to Type 1 diabetes in Japanese remains unclear because the class 1 alleles (shorter insertion) of the variable number of tandem repeat in the 5′ region of the insulin gene are predominant in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. The 5′ insulin gene polymorphism was analysed in 75 Japanese patients and 69 control subjects with a precise method using PvuII and a polymorphism specific probe, which enabled us to divide class 1 alleles into four subclasses. Allelic frequencies were not significantly different between Type 1 diabetic patients and control subjects. The polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the insulin gene (1127/ PstI) was also analysed and found to be tightly linked to the 5′ insulin gene polymorphism, and thus was not associated with diabetes. Interaction between HLA-DR and the insulin gene region, which was reported in the French study, was not observed in Japanese. These results suggest that the insulin gene region is not a valuable genetic risk factor for Type 1 diabetes in Japanese. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 210–213]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050095
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the insulin gene region in Japanese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 911-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Japanese ; Type 1 diabetes ; Type 2 diabetes ; restriction length polymorphism ; insulin gene ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A polymorphic locus flanking the 5′ end of the insulin gene was studied in 154 unrelated Japanese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. A predominance of the small allele was found with the following frequency: of 64 nondiabetic subjects, only 3 of 128 alleles were of the large class (2%); none of 78 alleles were of the large class in 39 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects, and 4 of 102 alleles (4%) were of the large class in 51 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. The very low frequency of large allele may relate to the lower prevalence of atherosclerosis in Japanese. However, this possibility requires further examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703135
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of anti-“a-component” antibody — A possible means to differentiate patients with auto-antibodies to endogenous insulin from insulin-treated patients (1975)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Anti-a-component antibody ; anti-insulin antibody ; insulin autoimmune syndrome ; hypoglycemia ; monocomponent insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of anti-“a-component” antibody was examined in sera of 4 groups of patients with or without anti-insulin antibody, using 125 I-a-component and the polyethylene glycol precipitation method. 125I-a-component crossreacted with insulin antibody. This cross-reactivity was abolished after preincubation of these sera with monocomponent insulin. The specific anti-“a-component” antibody could be estimated in this procedure. After preincubation with monocomponent insulin, significant binding of 125I-a-component was demonstrated in sera of most patients treated with ordinary commercial insulin, but not in sera of 2 hypoglycemic patients suspected of an insulin autoimmune syndrome. Some cases treated with commercial insulin for less than one year and all cases treated with monocomponent insulin for 7–10 months did not have significant anti-“a-component” antibody. The test for the presence of anti-“a-component” antibody is not definitive but if positive it differentiates “auto-antibodies” from the antibodies produced by injections of commercial insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422317
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinomas: effect of Cu and Fe contents on signal intensity (1997)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 22 (1997), S. 60 -66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Liver, neoplasms—Liver, metal—Magnetic resonance imaging—Hepatocellular carcinoma—Liver, signal intensity. [xm [fs99]
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To elucidate the metallic factors contributing to the signal intensities of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and to determine whether or not changes in signal intensity contribute to the diagnosis of histological grading of HCC. Methods: In 35 patients immediately after surgery, the quantities of water, lipid, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were determined in HCCs and the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. The correlations among these findings, the histopathological findings, and the signal intensities of T1-weighted MR images were evaluated. Results: Among the 35 HCCs, 12 (34%) were of high intensity, 14 (40%) were isointense, and 9 (26%) were of low intensity on T1-weighted images versus the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. The paramagnetic ions, which contributed to the signal intensity patterns, were assumed to be Cu in HCCs (30.5 ± 52.9 μg/g ww), and Fe in the livers (106.2 ± 86.8 μg/g ww) and HCCs (87.7 ± 49.1 μg/g ww). In 12 HCCs with high intensity, one was grade I, eight were grade II, and three were grade III according to Edmondson-Steiner's histopathological classification. Conclusions: Signal intensity and signal intensity patterns alone cannot be signs of low-grade malignancy because of the Fe in livers and in HCCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900141
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