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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 324 (1969), S. 225-235 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Gallstone ileus ; Early and late recurrence ; Chronic cholelithic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der G.I. ist eine ernste Spätkomplikation des Gallensteinleidens mit einer Sterblichkeit von 29,4% bei 864 Fällen in 78 Arbeiten der Jahre 1955 bis 1968. In etwa 5% ist mit einem Rezidiv durch im Darm zurück gelassene oder aus der G.Bl. nachwandernde Steine zu rechnen. Einschließlich der eigenen 2 fanden wir 70 Rezidive mit einer Mortalität von 21,4%. Das frühe Rezidiv im unmittelbaren postoperativen Verlauf ist mit hoher Sterblichkeit belastet (50%). Bei der Operation muß daher der gesamte Darm ober- und unterhalb der Einklemmung auf weitere Steine und Darmwandschäden abgesucht werden. Das häufigere späte Rezidiv nach Monaten oder sogar Jahren hat eine günstigere Prognose. Hohes Alter und die durch den Ileus hervorgerufenen allgemeinen Schäden erlauben in der Regel nur die Enterolithotomie. Bei weiteren großen Steinen in der G.Bl. kann bei günstigem Allgemeinzustand die Cholecystolithotomie oder die Cholecystektomie unmittelbar angeschlossen werden. Letztere erfordert immer den Nachweis steinfreier und durchgängiger Gallenwege. Nach überstehen des Ileus ist die diagnostische Klärung der Gallenwegserkrankung in jedem Fall durchzuführen; die Operation des Gallenleidens zu wählbarem Zeitpunkt wird operationsfähigen Kranken empfohlen zur Vermeidung des späteren Ileusrezidivs und anderer Komplikationen von seiten der Gallenwege.
    Notes: Summary Two recurrences among our 6 cases of gallstoneileus (g.i.) made us work on recurrent g.i. G.i. is a serious subsequent complication in cholelithiasis with a mortality of 29.4% among 864 cases, which are published in 78 papers from 1955 to 1968. A recurrence may be expected in 5% of the cases, caused by stones remaining in the gut or by stones descended from the gallbladder. We found 70 recurrences including our 2 cases with a mortality of 21.4%. Early recurrence in the immediate postoperative course means high mortality (50%). During the operation the intestinal tract has to be checked for other stones and wall damage above and below the site of obstruction. The more common late recurrence — after months or even years — has a better prognosis. Old age and general damage caused by the intestinal obstruction usually only allow simple enterotomy. In cases with further big stones in the gallbladder connected with a good condition of the patient cholecystolithotomy or cholecystectomy can be done immediately afterwards. Cholecystectomy always demands evidence of free passage and abscence of stones in the biliary tract. After recovery from the ileus diagnostic clarification of the diseased biliary tract ist necessary in any case; operable patients ought to have an operation on their gallbladder disease at an elective time in order to prevent later ileus recurrence and other complications from the biliary tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 343 (1967), S. 142-163 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Sphaeridien bezeichneten, ca. 0,3–1,5 μ großen, kugeligen Karyoplasmadifferenzierungen konnten beim Menschen und bei 24 Wirbeltierarten aus 14 verschiedenen Ordnungen in fast allen Geweben nachgewiesen werden. Ein filamentöses Externum umschließt ein granuläres Internum, in das weitere Strukturelemente eingelagert sein können. Dadurch ergeben sich vier verschiedene Typen: ein filamentöser, ein granulärer, ein globulärer und ein membranöser Typ. Die vergleichende Untersuchung in den Geweben von gesunden und an verschiedenen Infektionskrankheiten, Neoplasien und Dermatosen leidenden Menschen und Tieren ergibt in Übereinstimmung mit den meisten Einzelbeobachtungen in der Literatur keine wesentlichen Unterschiede der Sphaeridienstruktur in gesunden und pathologisch veränderten Zellen. Somit kommt den Sphaeridien keine pathognomonische Bedeutung zu. Ihre Funktion stellt ein Problem der allgemeinen Cytologie dar. Es wird hypothetisch angenommen, daß sie eine Rolle bei der Proteinsynthese im Kern spielen.
    Notes: Summary In the caryoplasm of man and 24 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles of 14 different orders round structures with a diameter of 0,3–1,5 μ have been observed which are named sphaeridies. They consist of an externum with 70–100 Å thick filaments and an internum with few or many electron-dense granula with a diameter of 150–200 Å. In the internum one finds inclusions of electron-dense globules, crystalloids, and membrane-bound vesicles. Dependent on these structural differences four types are described: a filamentous, a granular, a globular, and a membranous type. They are found in nearly all tissues except granulocytes and striated muscle. They are very frequent in the cells of the lymphatic system and in hormone-sensitive organs like the adrenal gland. Sphaeridies are described in experimental infections of animals withSchistosoma mansoni, Plasmodium berghei, Theileria parva, and with fowlpox virus, and in man in the atypical lymphocytes of infectious mononucleosis, in carcinoma of the uterus and mamma, in psoriasis vulgaris, and in lichen ruber planus. The morphology of the sphaeridies is identical in the cells of the healthy and pathological tissues. The results of earlier investigations are compiled in a list and discussed. The sphaeridies are not of viral origin and they have no pathognomonic significance. Their meaning is a problem of general cytology. It is supposed that the sphaeridies are a structure of the caryoplasm associated with the synthesis of protein in the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 261-262 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the endoplasmic reticulum of cells of spleen and lymphnodes of different monkeys, crystalloid inclusions were often found. These inclusions show a pattern of small balls with a diameter of 250 Å, which are connected by 100 Å long bridges. It is supposed that these crystalloid inclusions are produced by the lymphatic cells as a reaction to virus infection, which remains clinically non-apparent, because the same pattern was observed in cells, which were experimentally infected with yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and rubella virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 14 (1964), S. 657-673 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Electron microscopical studies based on negative staining, shadow casting, thin-sectioning, and enzymatic analysis revealed fine structures typical of pox viruses in virions of contagious pustular dermatitis of sheep and bovine papular stomatitis. There are distinct differences from vaccinia virus. The surrounding membrane and the filaments are thicker. The double element, the peripheral protein layer and the inner body with the triplet of tube like strands are smaller, corresponding to the reduced dimensions of the virions. With regard to anomalous forms of virions, reaction upon enzymatic proteolysis and developmental stages no differences were found. Shadow casting cleared up, that the filaments do not cross really but that the criss-cross pattern in negative stained specimens is induced by superimposition of top and bottom images. It is proposed to classify both viruses together with the virus of milker's nodules in a pox subgroup called “paravaccinia viruses”.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Erreger des Ecthyma contagiosum der Schafe und der Stomatitis papulosa der Rinder mit den Methoden der Negativkontrastierung, der Bedampfung, der Ultrahistologie und der enzymatischen Analyse führte zur Darstellung der vom Vaccinevirus bekannten typischen Strukturen der Pockenviren mit verschiedenen Abweichungen im einzelnen. Die umhüllende Membran und die Filamente sind dicker, das Doppelelement, die periphere Proteinschicht und der Innenkörper mit dem Triplett röhrenförmiger Stränge sind den geringen Abmessungen der Virionen entsprechend kleiner als beim Vaccinevirus. Bezüglich anomaler Formen der Virionen, des Verhaltens gegenüber proteolytischen Enzymen und der Entwicklungsstadien ergab sich kein Unterschied. Die bedampften Präparate zeigten, daß sich die Filamente der Membran nicht kreuzen, sondern daß sich die entsprechenden Bilder nach Negativkontrastierung durch Projektion von Ober- und Unterseite ergeben. Es wird vorgeschlagen, in der Pockengruppe Orf- und BPS-sowie das Melkerknotenvirus zur Untergruppe der „Paravaccineviren“ zusammenzufassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 14 (1984), S. 137-152 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: circadian and ultradian rhythms ; strain differences ; locomotor activity ; laboratory rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous locomotor activity (LA) was recorded in five inbred strains of laboratory rats (ACI/Ztm, AS/Ztm, BH/Ztm, BS/Ztm, LEW/Ztm) under light-dark (LD 12∶12), continuous-dark (DD), and continuous-light (LL) conditions. Strain-dependent differences in LA were observed under each light condition. Under LD conditions, 24-h rhythms were found in the LA pattern of each strain studied. In addition, the BH strain showed a clear bimodal, and the LEW strain a trimodal, activity pattern. Spectral analysis of the activity patterns revealed distinct 4- and 4.8-h ultradian rhythms in the LEW strain and 12-, 6-, 4.8-, and 4-h rhythms in the BH strain. These strain-characteristic patterns persisted under continuous-dark conditions, therefore demonstrating their endogenous character. Under continuous-bright-light conditions the circadian rhythms decreased to a non-significant level in the AS and BS strains. This was not the case, however, in all animals of the LEW and BH strains. Despite the rapid decrease in the 24-h rhythm under LL, the LEW and BH strains showed significant ultradian rhythms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 173 (1984), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Almost 4000 sera from seven African states were examined for antibodies to ATLV/HTLV-1. Between 1% and 8% of healthy people from sub-Saharan Africa have such antibodies. The highest frequency was observed in Gabon. There were considerable variations between villages. The percentage of seropositives and the mean titre increased with age. Our findings suggest that the African continent is the largest endemic area for ATLV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 342 (1976), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Carcinoma ; stomach: Reoperation ; Magencarcinom ; reoperative Chirurgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Reintervention hat als Ziel die Passagewiederherstellung, Schmerzbeseitigung und nur selten (z. B. Rezidiv eines Frühcarcinoms) eine kurative Nachresektion. Bei 31 Rezidivoperationen konnte 9 × eine zweite, meist palliative Nachresektion (totale oder erweitert totale Regastrektomie) 12 × eine palliative Umgehungsoperation o.ä. und 10 × nur eine Probelaparotomie vorgenommen werden. Das Intervall zwischen 1. und 2. Operation betrug in der resezierbaren Gruppe 29, in der nichtresezierbaren 17, die Überlebenszeit 11 bzw. 3,3 Monate. Bei der geringen Erfolgsaussicht einer Reintervention sind individuelle Indikationsrichtlinien zu beachten.
    Notes: Summary Reoperative surgery is performed with the object of restoring gastrointestinal passage or of pain relief and only rarely, for example in recurrence of an early carcinoma, with the object of curative resection. Out of 31 reoperations for such a purpose, a second resection (total or extended gastrectomy) was possible in 9 cases, gastric bypass or some other palliative operation in 12; in 10 cases, only a laparotomy was possible. The interval between the 1st and 2nd operations was 29 months in the resectable group and 17 months in the nonresectable group, the survival times 11 and 3.3 months respectively. Indications have to be considered separately for each patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Serum samples from persons who lived in areas where onchocerciasis occurred or who had filariasis were examined with the complement fixation test and the indirect hemagglutination test for the presence of antibodies against crude extracts from Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae, and Ascaris suum. The results could be interpreted as follows: 1. The indirect hemagglutination test was more sensitive than the complement fixation test for the demonstration of antibodies in sera from European and indigenous inhabitants of endemic areas. 2. There were no differences between the responses to the four crude worm extracts among the groups of 21 patients with Loa loa, 12 patients with Onchocerca volvulus, 11 patients with Dipetalonema perstans, and 22 patients with clinical filariasis in whom no microfilaria had been found. It was concluded that the examination with crude extracts cannot give any information about the antigens that had caused the stimulation of antibodies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Serumproben von Personen, die in Onchozerkosegebieten lebten oder eine Filariose hatten, wurden auf Antikörper gegen Rohextrakte aus Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae und Ascaris suum in der Komplementbindung und indirekten Hämagglutination untersucht. Die Ergebnisse lassen folgende Deutungen zu: 1. Bei europäischen und autochthonen Bewohnern von Endemiegebieten mit und ohne Filariose erwies sich die indirekte Hämagglutination als der empfindlichere Test beim Nachweis von Antikörpern. 2. Bei 21 Loiasis-, 12 Onchozerkose-, 11 Dipetalonema perstans- und 22 Fällen klinischer Filariose ohne Mikrofilariennachweis konnten mit dem Serumverdünnungsfaktor 2 keine Titerdifferenzen gegen die vier Extrakte in beiden Tests festgestellt werden. Daraus wurde geschlossen, daß Untersuchungen mit Rohextrakten keine Aussagen über die Identität jener Antigene zulassen, die für die Stimulation der Antikörper verantwortlich waren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 339 (1975), S. 745-746 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Semiautomatic medical reports ; Surgery ; Programmierte Textverarbeitung ; Chirurgie ; stationär ; ambulant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unsere Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung halbautomatischer Arztbriefprogramme (Programmierte Textverarbeitung - PTV) werden dargestellt. Es wurden 9 Programme für den stationären und 3 für den poliklinischen Bereich erstellt. Besondere Vorteile ergeben sich bei Briefen über häufige Krankheiten (z. B. Appendicitis) und die Abwicklung von Spezialambulanzen mit einheitlichem Patientengut. Wegen der rationellen und kostengünstigen Arbeit stellt die Verwendung der PTV für einige Bereiche eine Alternative zu bisher geübten Diktatverfahren dar. - Praktische Demonstrationen an einem Schreibautomaten.
    Notes: Summary The author's experience with programs for semiautomatic medical reports developed and used in recent years is presented. Nine programs for inpatients and 3 for outpatients have been developed. Programs for semiautomatic medical reports have proved especially advantageous in common diseases (for example appendicitis) and in the management of special consulting hours for large numbers of outpatients with predominantly similar diseases. As the work involved is rational and inexpensive, the use of semiautomatic medical reports is a practical alternative to the conventional ways of writing from dictation in certain areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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