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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus (type I) ; Retinopathy ; Erythrocyte aggregation ; Deformability of erythrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vitro measurements were carried out to study the aggregation of erythrocytes in 33 children and young adolescents, three older adolescents, and 38 adults with type I diabetes. The aggregate formation of erythrocytes in stasis was increased in adult patients with both “good” and “poor” metabolic control when compared to control values. The aggregation of red cells in all children and the younger adolescents, both those under good and poor metabolic control, did not statistically differ from those of controls. Each of the three older adolescents showed an increased aggregate formation of their erythrocytes compared to controls. All adult patients under poor metabolic control exhibited various stages of diabetic retinopathy as shown by fluorescence angiography. Only one child under poor metabolic control showed an early stage of retinopathy (stage I according to Malone). The three older adolescents showed an increased aggregate formation of their erythrocytes. These patients exhibited also stage I of retinopathy. We suggest that the increased aggregation of erythrocytes of both adult and older adolescent patients may be one of the reasons for the development of diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, the normal erythrocyte aggregation of the diabetic children and younger adolescents could help to explain the rare occurrence of microangiopathies in childhood diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 230 (1992), S. 281-285 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a new technique to mimic arteriolar occlusion syndromes, different microparticles were injected into the ophthalmic artery of pigs. These microparticles were platelet aggregates of various sizes ranging from 0.15 mm to more than 0.8 mm. Aggregation was induced using adenosine diphosphate and thrombin. In some experiments, acetylsalicylic acid and histamine were also applied. In a further series of experiments, mixed aggregates containing platelets and leukocytes were injected. The results were observed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and consisted of superficial and deep retinal infarction. Large platelet aggregates resulted in arterial branch occlusion, whereas mixed and small platelet aggregates produced occlusion of small arterioles. This technique seems to be valuable in studying retinal arteriolar occlusion syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 218 (1982), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 36jährigen Patienten aus einer Familie mit mehrfachen Verwandtenehen wurde eine Atrophia gyrata chorioideae et retinae sowie eine Hyperornithinämie und ein Mangel an Ornithinketotransaminase festgestellt. Die Rest-aktivität dieses Enzyms wurde in vitro durch hohe Dosen von Pyridoxalphosphat stimuliert. Eine Therapie mit Vitamin B6 per os wurde daraufhin eingeleitet. Geringe Dosen scheinen für eine Langzeitbehandlung ausreichend. Auf die Wichtigkeit einer frühzeitigen Therapie wird hingewiesen. Überlegungen zur Pathogenese der Atrophia gyrata werden dargelegt.
    Notes: Abstract A thirty-six years old man from an inbred family with the typical clinical picture of Atrophia gyrata chorioideae et retinae was found to have hyperornithinemia and a partial deficiency of ornithin-ketoacid-transaminase activity. The residual activity was stimulated in vitro by high concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate. We have initiated a therapeutic study with vitamine B6 per os accordingly. Comparitively low dosis may be sufficient for long term treatment. The necessity to start therapy early in life is emphazised. Possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Atrophia gyrata are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 224 (1986), S. 368-370 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The model compound lidocaine was used in the rabbit to investigate different sites of subconjunctival injection for the achievement of reproducible drug concentrations in the aqueous humor. Only epibulbar injections were satisfactory, but not parabulbar or injections under the lower fornix. After epibulbar administration of 0.8 ml 5% ciclosporin, median concentrations in the aqueous humor were 360, 700 and 200 ng/ml after 2, 8, and 24 h, respectively. Corresponding levels in the cornea were 32, 27, and 12 ng/ml. It appears that drug concentrations resulting from epibulbar injections may by therapeutically useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 224 (1986), S. 513-519 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an experimental study on rabbits, a standarized eye injury was created by using the “pars-plana incision model.” Subsequently, the effect of intravenous application of dexamethasone and penicillamine on traction retinal detachment was investigated. The two drugs were applied in varying concentrations and combinations (single and combined use in varying intervals), followed by a 3-month control period without medication. Clinical and histological findings showed that intravitreal instillation of 1.2 mg dexamethasone reduces the incidence of retinal detachment from 46% to 27%. Higher concentrations of dexamethasone, as well as the use of penicillamine or a combination of both substances, proved to enhance traction retinal detachment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 224 (1986), S. 520-524 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the effect of topical cyclosporin A (CSA) on the rabbit cornea, both eyes of 80 animals were treated with CSA 2% eye drops over a 3-week period under various conditions. CSA was dissolved in castor oil or ethanol 13.8 vol. %. Slit-lamp, scanning and transmission electron microscopic examinations were performed. CSA 2% in castor oil given 5 times daily showed no damage to either the corneal epithelium or endothelium. In contrast the solutions containing ethanol revealed considerable epithelial cell damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 220 (1983), S. 292-293 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-nine patients received either 4 g intravenous infusion or 100 mg subconjunctival application of azlocillin 1–12 h before cataract extraction. After intravenous application the mean aqueous humor concentration of azlocillin was 4.4 μg/ml after 3 h. The subconjunctival dose produced a mean aqueous humor concentration of 78 μg/ml and 3.4 μg/ml after 3 and 12 h, respectively. These levels are above the minimum inhibitory concentration of azlocillin for sensitive organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 221 (1984), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a family with coloured crystalline deposits on the corneal endothelium and on the lens surface. A protein with a molecular weight of about 110,000 and an isoelectric point of 7–8 could be demonstrated in the aqueous humour, which was not found in the controls or in the serum of the family members. The pedigree is suggestive of autosomal dominant inheritance. To our knowledge this is the first report of this entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kaninchen wurden 12 mg (6 ml) Ciprofloxacin intravenös appliziert und die Konzentration nach einer, 4, 10 und 24 h im Serum, Kammerwasser sowie Glaskörper mittels HPLC bestimmt. Die Mittelwerte betrugen im Serum 0,698 mg/l nach 1 h und 0,0425 mg/l nach 10 h sowie im Kammerwasser 0,0595 mg/l bzw. 0,0073 mg/l. Bei der subkonjunktivalen Gabe wurde 1 mg (0,5 ml) entweder epibulbär am Limbus corneae oder unter die Konjunktiva des unteren Fornix injiziert. Die Mittelwerte im Kammerwasser betrugen nach 1 h 0,887 mg/l und nach 10 h 0,094 mg/l nach epibulbärer Injektion, während die entsprechenden Werte nach „Fornix-Applikation“ 0,0267 mg/l bzw. 0,025 mg/l betrugen. Im Glaskörper fanden sich bei allen Applikationsformen nur Werte im Bereich der Nachweisgrenze. Bei der subkonjunktivalen Injektion sollte differenziert werden zwischen der Gabe am Limbus corneae und der Applikation unter die Bindehaut im Fornix.
    Notes: Summary 12 mg (6 ml) ciprofloxacin were intravenously administered to rabbits. Using high-pressure-liquid-chromatography the concentration in serum, aqueous humor and vitreous were measured after 1, 4, 10 and 24 h. The mean serum levels were 0.698 mg/l and 0.0425 mg/l after 1 and 10 h, respectively. The drug reached mean levels in the aqueous humor of 0.0595 mg/l and 0.0073 mg/l, respectively. Concerning the subconjunctival application 1 mg (0.5 ml) ciprofloxacin was injected either epibulbar near the limbus corneae or under the conjunctiva of the lower fornix. The mean aqueous humor levels were 0.887 mg/l and 0.094 mg/l after 1 and 10 h, respectively, following epibulbar injection. In contrast, the “fornix-injection” produced mean levels of 0.0267 mg/l and 0.025 mg/l in the aqueous humor after 1 and 10 h, respectively. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in the vitreous was near the detection limit following every method of administration of the drug. The importance of differentiating between epibulbar subconjunctival application and the injection under the conjunctiva of the fornix is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ophthalmodynamometrie ; Intrakranieller Druck ; Zentralvenendruck ; Hirndruckmessung ; Keywords Ophthalmodynamometry ; Intracranial pressure ; Central retinal vein pressure ; Intracranial pressure measurement ; Venous outflow pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. Central vein pressure depends on intracranial pressure (ICP). Baurmann in 1925 therefore recommended measuring central vein pressure to determine ICP, but the accuracy of this method has not yet been verified. To test the method we measured venous outflow pressure (VOP) by noninvasive ophthalmodynamometry (ODM). Methods and materials. We studied 31 patients with suspected increased ICP. ICP was recorded continuously for a minimum of 24 h by intraventricular catheters, and ODM was performed during ICP measurement. The findings were compared with the results of conventional invasive ICP measurement. Results. Pressure in the central retinal vein was highly correlated with ICP. Conclusion. Measuring VOP by ODM seems to be a reliable method for noninvasive recording of ICP. It is a useful screening test in all cases of presumed ICP elevation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. Der Zentralvenendruck ist abhängig vom intrakraniellen Druck. Baurmann empfahl deshalb 1925 die Messung des Zentralvenendrucks, um die Höhe des intrakraniellen Drucks zu bestimmen. Bislang ist diese Überlegung aber noch nicht verifiziert worden. Wir haben den “Venous outflow pressure” (VOP) mittels Ophthalmodynamometrie (ODM) bestimmt und die Befunde mit den Ergebnissen der konventionellen Hirndruckmessung verglichen. Patienten und Methodik. In die Studie wurden 31 Patienten mit Verdacht auf Hirndruckerhöhung aufgenommen. Bei allen Patienten wurde der intrakranielle Druck wenigstens 24 h über einen intraventrikulären Katheter erfasst. Während dieser Zeit erfolgte zusätzlich eine Bestimmung des VOP mittels Ophthalmodynamometrie. Ergebnisse. Der VOP korreliert eng mit dem intrakraniellen Druck. Schlussfolgerung. Die Messung des VOP mittels ODM ist nach den Ergebnissen unserer Studie ein zuverlässiges Verfahren, auf nichtinvasivem Wege den intrakraniellen Druck zu bestimmen, und somit eine geeignete Screeningmethode bei Verdacht auf Hirndruckerhöhung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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