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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arteriosklerotische Veränderungen der Carotiden bei Patienten mit hypersensitivem Carotissinusreflex (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperactive carotid sinus reflex ; Carotid-artery sonography ; Arteriosclerosis ; Carotid arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven patients (15 female, 22 male; aged 46–89 years, mean age 68.8 years) with III or IV grade carotid sinus reflex carotid arteries were investigated by sonography (B-scan and CW-Doppler). It was demonstrated that stenoses or arteriosclerotic plaques, localized in the region of the carotid bulb or bifurcation, were present on both sides in 27 patients and on one side only in four patients. Five patients did not show these changes and four of them had thickening of common carotid artery endothelium. Thus, vascular changes occurred in 35 patients. Occlusions and stenoses 〉50% were visible in five patients. Primarily bilateral changes were shown as well as unilateral and bilateral pathologic reflex response; main localization was the posterior wall of the carotid bulb. Thus, arteriosclerotic changes seem to be important in the development of pathologic carotid sinus reflex. Cerebral complications (left-sided PRIND) occurred in one patient who did not have high degree carotid stenosis. In comparison to other authors who investigated only with CW-Doppler a much higher rate of arteriosclerotic wall changes and a greater occurrence of bilateral changes could be demonstrated by application of the highly sensitive B-scan sonography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01537482
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antithrombin III deficiency in ischaemic stroke (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 617-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AT III deficiency ; Ischaemic stroke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary AT III activity and concentration were measured in 36 patients (mean age 65.5 yrs, range 43–77 yrs) with ischaemic stroke within maximally 48 h of the acute event. In 12 patients (=33%) AT III activity was reduced below 18.4 IU/ml: 50% of these patients showed normal and 50% reduced AT III concentration of less than 22 mg/dl. In 15 patients AT III activity and concentration were measured in the acute phase on admission to hospital and 12 months later. In the acute phase, AT III activity was reduced when compared with AT III concentration (y=0.19x+15.5) and did not correlate with the latter. 12 months later, however, AT III activity and concentration correlated significantly (r=0.92;p〈0.001) and the regression line was steeper (y=0.8x). During the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, intravascular coagulation is evidently increased and inactive AT III-thrombin complexes are formed, whereby the concentration of active AT III decreases. A patient with progressive stroke and reduced AT III activity of 14.2 IU/ml was therefore substituted with AT III concentrate. The further neurological course was favourable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487340
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral haemorrhage in arteriovenous malformation associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 48-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome ; Neurocutaneous angiomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiographic findings are described in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, who also had a cerebral haemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation. The resulting aphasia disappeared completely after resorption of the haemorrhage. In this syndrome, the occurrence of a cerebral angioma has not previously been mentioned in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313992
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution real-time ultrasound of the carotid bifurcation in patients with hyperactive carotid sinus syndrome (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 318-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Carotid bifurcation ; Common carotid artery ; Hyperactive carotid sinus syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carotid bifurcations and the common carotid arteries of 36 patients with the diagnosis hyperactive carotid sinus syndrome (HCSS) were investigated by continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasonography and high-resolution real-time B-scan. Using these non-invasive tests, the functional impact of luminal stenosis and the morphological changes resulting from arteriosclerotic deformities could be established. Significant differences were found in comparison with a reference group of 199 patients with a high risk of arteriosclerosis. In the HCSS group, 5 patients had a stenosis of more than 50% at the origin of the internal carotid artery on both sides, or on one side in combination with large plaques or a complete occlusion on the contralateral side. Seventy-five per cent of patients in the HCSS group, as compared to only 23.5% of the control group, had effective arteriosclerotic changes in the carotid bifurcation on both sides; 4 patients had such changes only unilaterally. Marked additional bilateral arteriosclerotic depositions were detected in the common carotid arteries of 17 patients (47.2%). In 5 patients no arteriosclerotic lesions were detectable in the carotid bifurcations, but marked changes were found in both common carotid arteries. These data indicate that bilateral arteriosclerotic changes in the carotid bifurcations and/or the common carotid arteries represent an important pathophysiological factor for the development of an HCSS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313874
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changing patterns of glucose metabolism during the course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis as measured with18FDG-positron-emission tomography (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: 18FDG-positron emission tomography ; Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; Glucose metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 18FDG-positron emission tomography performed at different stages in the course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis revealed a changing pattern of metabolic disturbance. In clinical stage II patients the inflammation in the basal ganglia appeared to lead to neuronal excitation accompanied by hypermetabolism. Widespread cortical functional inhibition of metabolism followed. The striatal inflammation ended with necrosis and hypometabolism, with resulting functional cortical disinhibition; later, deep midbrain structures and brain stem became hypermetabolic. A patient clinically in remission showed no such changes in cerebral glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833917
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pontine infarction in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 241 (1993), S. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy ; Pontine infarction Cerebral and systemic vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a patient with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), a pontine infarction occurred about 6 months after the ophthalmological manifestation. We report the first case with histopathologically proven vasculitis shown by muscle biopsy and the first positron emission tomographic documentation in APMPPE. The ophthalmological and cerebral symptoms responded well to steroid treatment. Long-term immunosuppression (e.g. azathioprine 1–2 mg/kg) seems to decrease the risk of recurrent systemic vasculitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870667
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presentation of bilateral thalamic infarction on CT, MRI and PET (1985)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 27 (1985), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Bilateral thalamic infarction ; cerebrovascular pathology ; computerized tomographic imaging ; brain glucose metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paramedian thalamic structures and part of the upper midbrain are frequently supplied by posterior thalamoperforating arteries originating from one common trunk. Local impairment of flow entails a bilateral more or less symmetric thalamic infarction with varying involvement of the midbrain. Diagnosis usually can neither be firmly established on clinical grounds nor by angiography alone. In the present series of four patients the two cases observed before the CT era were diagnosed correctly only at autopsy. Only one patient presented the classical syndrome of hypersomnia, thalamic dementia, and oculomotor nerve paralysis, while in the others clinical signs were probably masked by serious impairment of consciousness. In two cases X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography (one case) afforded precise definition of infarct localization and size. Infarction in the described terminal vascular supply territory may be detected more often by these modern diagnostic techniques than anticipated from previous clinico-pathological experience as the underlying cause of coma in the elderly — a group of patients at particular risk for low-flow states. Positron emission tomography repeat studies with 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose (one case) revealed complex disturbances of brain energy metabolism; correlative analysis of clinical function and metabolic patterns during the course of the disease may not only advance individual pronostication but also contribute to the understanding and localization of brain function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebral haemorrhage from a venous angioma following thrombosis of a draining vein (1998)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Venous cerebral angioma ; Intracerebral haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of putaminal haemorrhage from a venous cerebral angioma following thrombosis in a draining vein. The patient complained of numbness of the right side, followed by headache and aphasia. CT demonstrated an intracerebral haemorrhage due to thrombotic occlusion of a draining vein of the venous angioma. Carotid angiography showed the venous angioma. MRI studies confirmed the diagnosis and demonstrated recanalisation of the draining vein following therapy with phenprocoumon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050530
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of acute cerebral infarcts: increased contrast enhancement with continuous infusion of gadolinium (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral infarcts ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared contrast enhancement on T1-weighted MRI of acute cerebral infarcts after conventional bolus administration and continuous infusion of gadolinium. We examined 12 patients with a history of acute stroke with contrast-enhanced MRI once a week for a 1 month. Only ischaemic lesions were investigated after cerebral haemorrhage had been excluded by CT. Each MRI study included T2- and proton density-weighted sequences for determination of the size and site of the infarct, immediate postinjection T1-weighted imaging after bolus administration of 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-DPTA and delayed T1-weighted imaging after additional continuous infusion of 0.1 mmol/kg over 2 h. A total of 42 MRI studies was performed. In the first week after the onset of stroke, most infarcts (8 of 10) did not enhance after bolus administration, whereas all showed distinct contrast enhancement after the infusion. In the following weeks all but two infarcts showed contrast enhancement after bolus administration; after continuous infusion contrast enhancement could be seen in all cases. While contrast enhancement after bolus administration showed the typical gyriform pattern, enhanced areas were more extensive after the infusion and usually covered the entire infarcted area shown on T2- and proton density-weighted images. We presume that the disturbed blood-brain barrier in ischaemic areas favours delivery of contrast medium to the infarcted tissue if it is offered continuously so that a steady state can develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050740
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EEG frequency analysis in the course of acute ischemic stroke (1980)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 3 (1980), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Cerebrovascular disease ; EEG frequency analysis ; Neurological score ; Zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankung ; EEG-Frequenz-Analyse ; neurologische Bewertungsskala
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der neurologische Status von 18 Patienten mit akuter zerebrovaskulärer Erkrankung (17 ischämische, 1 hämorrhagischer Insult) wurde mit einer Bewertungsskala für Bewußtseinsstörungen, motorische Ausfälle, Störungen höherer Hirnleistungen, Hirnnervenausfälle und Sensibilitätsstörungen wiederholt im Verlauf der Erkrankung erfaßt und zu Veränderungen im EEG, die durch Frequenzanalyse quantifiziert wurden, in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Lokalisation der neurologischen Ausfälle stimmte in 87% mit dem EEG-Herd überein; der Schweregrad der Ausfälle war aber nur gering zum Ausmaß der EEG-Veränderung korreliert. Keine signifikante Beziehung bestand zwischen Änderung der klinischen Ausfälle und quantifizierter EEG-Parameter. Aufgrund dieser Befunde sollten EEG-Analysen nur mit Vorbehalt zur Objektivierung des klinischen Verlaufs nach Schlaganfall angewandt werden.
    Notes: Summary In 18 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (17 ischemic, 1 hemorrhagic stroke) neurological symptoms were scored repeatedly using a rating scale for disturbance of consciousness, motor dysfunctions, disturbance of higher cortical functions, abnormalities of cranial nerves, and impairment of sensations, and related to EEG-abnormalities quantified by frequency analysis. A correspondence between location of neurologic lesion and EEG focus was found in 87%, but correlation between neurologic score and the degree of EEG-abnormality was low. Changes of clinical defects were not significantly related to various quantified EEG parameters. These results suggest that computerized EEG analysis has to be used with caution for quantifying the clinical course of stroke patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644416
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