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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate competitively inhibits phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 4952-4956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00438a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactionof Anesthetic Barbiturates with the Phosphoinositide-Dependent Pathway of Signal Transduction (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 625 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33870.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Incorporation In Vivo of Intracerebrally Injected 32Pi into Polyphosphoinositides of Three Subfractions of Rat Brain Myelin (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 36 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: At intervals ranging from 1 to 10 min after injection of 32Pi into rat brain, myelin was prepared and separated into three subfractions: heavy, medium, and light. The radioactivity of total phospholipids and polyphospho-inositides (PPI) was then determined. There was rapid incorporation of 32Pi into PPI, which contained 50–70% of the radioactivity among total brain lipids and more than 70% among myelin lipids. The myelin fraction had incorporated 32Pi into total recovered PPI in the order of medium 〉 heavy 〉 light fraction: however, the order of relative specific radioactivities was heavy 〉 light 〉 medium. Labeling of the PPI precursors, phosphatidic acid (PA) and phos-phatidylinositol (PI), was considerably lower in the purified myelin than in total brain. The di- (DPI) and triphosphoinositides (TPI) in heavy myelin exchanged 32Pi at rates 2 to 3 times faster than those in medium and light myelin. DPI of all subfractions of myelin exchanged much faster than TPI. The results show that the most active phosphate turnover of myelin PPI occurs in the heavy myelin fraction (probably largely consisting of myelin appurtenant regions). However, medium and light myelin (most probably representing the closely packed layers of myelin sheaths) also showed rapid turnover of PPI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01632.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND CONCENTRATION OF GALACTOSYL DIGLYCERIDE IN GLIAL AND NEURONAL ENRICHED FRACTIONS OF ACTIVELY MYELINATING RAT BRAIN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —In continuation of our studies on the association of the galactosyl diglycerides of brain with myelination, we have measured the biosynthesis and concentration of these glyceride glycolipids, in oligodendroglial, astroglial, neuronal, and myelin enriched fractions from brains of rats of postnatal age 16, 19 and 29 days. The relative purity of cell fractions and myelin derived from 50 to 60 brains of each age-group was checked by phase contrast microscopy and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphohydrolase activity. The relative purity was comparable to that reported by other investigators for cell fractions from bovine brain. Of the three cell types, the oligodendroglia had the highest and the neurons had the lowest capacity to enzymatically synthesize and to accumulate monogalactosyl diglyceride. The amount of monogalactosyl diglyceride found in myelin compared to that found in oligodendroglial fraction greatly increased during development between 16 and 29 days of age. The biosynthesis of galactosyl ceramide but not glucosyl ceramide was highest in oligodendroglial enriched cell fraction. However, ceramide glucosyl-transferase activity, which was greatly affected by the method used for cellular separation, was highest in a microsomal fraction derived from grey matter. Our results support the contention that the oligodendroglial cells are the site of synthesis of myelin constituents of the central nervous system, and that there is a temporal relationship between this site of synthesis and the site of deposition (myelin).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb06882.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphosphoinositide biosynthesis in three subfractions of rat brain myelin (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 30 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb12417.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE MYELIN -GALACTOLIPIDS IN THE SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS OF BRAINS OF QUAKING AND NORMAL MICE DURING DEVELOPMENT (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 28 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The biosynthesis and accumulation of monogalactosyl diglyceride, galacto-cerebrosides and sulfatides were studied in the brain of quaking mouse during myelination. The specific activity of monogalactosyl diglyceride synthesis of the mutant mouse was reduced to 50% of the control of the same age, comparable to the reduction in the biosynthesis of galactosylcerebrosides and sulfatides. The three galactolipids were largely associated with the myelin and microsomal fractions in the normal and quaking mice at the ages studied. Although the concentrations of microsomal galactolipids (expressed as nmol/g wet wt of brain) were lower in quaking mice than in the controls at all ages, the percentage of total brain monogalactosyl diglyceride recovered in the microsomes of the mutant mouse was always larger than in the microsomes of the controls. Between 16 and 41 days, the monogalactosyl diglyceride content of the control myelin increased 10-fold, whereas the concentrations in the mutant increased only 2-fold. In normal animals, the percentage of total myelin galactolipids in the ‘small myelin’ decreased over the age of 1841 days with concomitant increase in the ‘large myelin’. In contrast, in the mutant, large percentages of these compounds remained associated with the small myelin even at late periods of myelin development. These findings indicate that the slow rate of deposition of myelin in the brain of quaking mouse may be due to a defective transport mechanism of the galactolipids from the site of synthesis (microsomes) to the site of deposition (myelin), or to a defect in the mechanism of final myelin assembly, rather than to a lipid-specific genetic error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10660.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention of a dialkylphosphatidylcholine in myelin and other membranes (1980)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 5 (1980), S. 617-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an attempt to incorporate a metabolically inert phospholipid analog into animal membranes, especially myelin, in vivo, with the view of eventual long-term membrane modification or membrane engineering. A sonicated suspension of a mixture of [14C] phosphatidylcholine and its dialkyl analog, [3H] tetradecyloctadecano(1)phosphocholine, was injected into the brain of weanling rats. Samples were counted of whole brain, myelin, liver, and carcass, at intervals from 1 to 63 days, and the composition of the extracted labeled lipid was determined by thin-layer chromatography. Both lipid labels were found to be cleared from the body at similar rates, but while phosphatidylcholine was metabolized within a day, with the label appearing mainly in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction and in nonpolar lipids, the dialkylphosphatidylcholine remained intact, with retention in myelin of a small but almost constant amount for a month. Ways will have to be found to enhance uptake of the lipids by the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964783
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and neuronal transport of stable liposomes and phospholipid in the nervous system (1981)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 6 (1981), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When unilamellar “stable” liposomes composed of a dialkyl analog of phosphatidylcholine, tetradecyloctadec-11-eno(1)phosphocholine (dialkyl-PC), plus cholesterol at 1∶1 molar ratio, and a trace of [3H]dialkyl-PC were injected into the vitreous of the rabbit eye, macrophage infiltration and phagocytosis of lipid were observed in retina including the epiretinal myelinated nerve fiber bundles, with no other neurotoxic effects. Little or no incorporation of [3H]dialkyl-PC was observed in the distal tissues of the optic system. With “labile” vesicles composed of egg lecithin, trace amounts of [3H]dialkyl-PC, and phosphatidic acid, no morphological changes occurred. After a lag of more than 7 days [3H]dialkyl-PC appeared in superior colliculus, indicating axonal transport of the lipid in an anterograde direction. Experiments with submandibular and parotid gland indicated retrograde transport of the lipid. The data do not suggest axonal transport of intact (stable) liposomes, but suggest that intact phospholipid molecules can be axonally transported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964831
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphosphoinositide mono- an diphosphoesterases of three subfractions of rat brain myelin (1982)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 7 (1982), S. 617-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phosphomonoesterase and diesterase that cleave phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (diphosphoinositide, DPI) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (triphosphoinositide, TPI) were detected in three subfractions of purified rat brain myelin, and some properties of the enzymes were studied. Monoesterase activity was stimulated by KCl, maximally at a concentration of 25 mM, and inhibited at KCl concentrations above 50 mM. Addition of boiled pH 5 supernatant of rat brain homogenate doubled the enzymic activity; EDTA was inhibitory. The specific activities were nearly equal in the “low density”, “medium density”, and “heavy density” myelin fractions but about 30% lower than in whole brain homogenate. The monophosphatase could be solubilized by extraction with 0.2% Triton X-100. The phosphodiesterase activity was inhibited by EDTA and EGTA and not stimulated by KCl or pH 5 supernatant. Specific activities were nearly equal in whole brain and myelin but were by about 60 percent elevated in the “heavy density” over the “low density” myelin fraction. These results show that the hydrolases operative in the fast turnover of the inositide phosphate groups are distributed over the entire myelin structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the submicrosomal fractions of bovine oligodendroglia: Lipid composition and glycolipid biosynthesis (1988)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 13 (1988), S. 571-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Oligodendroglia ; submicrosomal fractions ; plasma membranes ; Golgi ; endoplasmic reticulum ; galactolipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oligodendroglia were isolated from bovine brain, and a “crude”, microsomal fraction obtained from cell homogenates was subfractionated into myelin (MP), plasma membranes (PM), Golgi (GF), smooth (SER) and rough (RER) endoplasmic membranes using discontinuous-sucrose gradient centrifugation. The submicrosomal fractions were characterized by ultrastructural examination and analysis of the specific organelle markers. The myelin and plasma membrane rich fractions contained characteristically the highest amounts of the lipid with lower mole percentages of total phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine, and higher concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine (+plasmalogens), cholesterol and galactolipids. Considerable amounts of the typical myelin galactolipids (galacto-cerebrosides, sulfatides and monogalactosyl diglycerides) were also found in the Golgi fraction (GF). The GF fraction had the greatest enrichment of glycolipid-forming galactosyltransferases, and the distribution of these enzymes correlated well with that of the Golgi marker enzymes. The results give evidence that intracellular Golgi apparatus of oligodendroglia is rich in the myelin-specific lipids, and suggest its involvement in the synthesis and processing of myelin lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973300
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