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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystals of archaeal O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus kodakaraensis strain KOD1 have been grown at room temperature using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The diffraction pattern of the crystal extends to 2.0 Å resolution at room temperature upon exposure to Cu K\alpha radiation. The crystal belongs to the space group P212121 with unit-cell dimensions of a = 52.8, b = 86.6 and c = 39.9 Å. The presence of one molecule per asymmetric unit gives a crystal volume per protein mass (Vm) of 2.3 Å3 Da−1 and a solvent content of 48% by volume. A full set of X-ray diffraction data was collected to 2.0 Å Bragg spacings from the native crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Intein homing endonucleases are proteins spliced out from a precursor protein and site-specific enzymes that make double-strand breaks in inteinless alleles. Crystals of intein homing endonuclease II from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus kodakaraensis strain KOD1 (PI-PkoII) have been grown at room temperature using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. The diffraction pattern of the crystal extends to 3.0 Å resolution at room temperature upon exposure to synchrotron X-rays at KEK-PF, Japan. The crystals have symmetry consistent with space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 107.6, b = 150.5, c = 146.8 Å. A full set of X-ray diffraction data were collected to 3.0 Å Bragg spacing from a native crystal with an overall Rmerge of 4.8% and a completeness of 96.6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: There are no immunohistochemical studies on cytokeratin (CK) expression in large series of cases of apocrine poroma. In addition, detailed immunohistochemical analysis of cuticular cells, a specific type of constituent cells of poromas, has not been reported.Methods: Using the avidin-biotin method, we compared immunostaining patterns of eleven different anti-CK antibodies in 12 cases of apocrine and 21 cases of eccrine poromas, and normal adult skin.Results: Poroid cells were exclusively positive for CK1/5/10/14, CK5/8 and CK14, which were expressed in the outer cells of normal dermal sweat ducts. Poroid cells were heterogeneously stained with anti-CK7, CK8/18, CK10/11 and CK19 antibodies, which reacted in the inner cells of dermal ducts and in the secretory cells of sweat glands. The cuticular cells showed constant expression of CK1/5/10/14 and CK10/11, and various expression patterns of CK5/8, CK6, CK7, CK14, CK8/18, CK17, and CK19.Conclusions: Based on the keratin immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells in eccrine and apocrine poromas are considered to be closely related to the cells of dermal sweat ducts. Also the cuticular cells are considered to occupy an intermediate spectrum between the inner and outer cells of the dermal ducts. Although it is difficult to differentiate apocrine poroma from eccrine poroma by keratin expression patterns alone, the data obtained here can be helpful in differentiation of apocrine poroma from other hair follicle-related neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of small epithelioid hemangioendothelioma encapsulated by an egg-shaped bony shell composed of newly formed mature lamellar bone is presented. A nodule measuring 10 × 5 × 5 mm was excised from inside of the right cheek muscle of a 46-year-old man. Histopathologically, the nodule consisted mainly of round-to-short spindled epithelioid cells with round nuclei and occasional cytoplasmic vacuoles associated will some foci of osseous metaplasia. Characteristically, egg shell-like lamellar bone enclosed this lesion showing well-circumscribed appearance. The main component cells were immunohistochemically stained positive for factor VIII-related antigen, CD 34, UEA-1, and vimentin, and proved to be vascular endothelial cells. The term ossifying epilhelioid hemangioendolhelioma is proposed for this unique lesion. This type of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma has not been previously reported to our knowledge, and differentiation from ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts is considered to be important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is a benign neoplasm considered to have follicular differentiation. Its sweat gland- or sebaceous-lines of differentiation have been also reported. There have been, however, only a few reports regarding extensive immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations of this neoplasm.Methods: Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on three cases of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, comparing it with normal skin. One of these cases was ultrastructurally investigated.Results: The cord-like basaloid nests were reacted with the anti-cytokeratin (CK)1/5/10/14, -CK5/8, -CK14 and -CK15 antibodies, but not with the anti-CK6 antibody. Similar findings were observed in the outer layers of the normal follicular outer root sheath. Basaloid cell nests in one case, which showed ductal structures in the nests, also expressed CK7, CK8/18 and CK19. These keratins were also detected in the normal sweat glands. In addition, CK8/18 and CK19 were expressed in the basal cells of the outer root sheath. Keratinous cysts had inner reactions with the anti-CK10/11 and -CK6 antibodies, and outer reactions with anti-CK5/8 and -CK14 antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the cells in the cord-like nests were basically immature and basaloid in appearance. A few cells contained Odland bodies, which were also observed in the normal apocrine acrosyringeum. The ductal structure was lined by the cells which bore numerous microvilli in the luminal surface.Conclusion: The cells in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma are suggested to be in close association with the basal cells in the outer root sheath, which can differentiate into various parts of the folliculosebaceous apocrine unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is thought to be common in bladder epithelium and the multidrug resistance mediated by Pgp must be considered to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for bladder tumors.Methods: The expression of Pgp in normal and tumor tissue of the rat urinary bladder was first examined immunohistochemically. The effect of verapamil, an expected modulator of Pgp, on intravesical chemotherapy of the rats was then investigated.Results: Pgp was immunohistochemically detected in normal epithelium and in tumor tissue of the rat urinary bladder. In those normal and tumor-bearing bladders, verapamil promoted the uptake of intravesically instilled pirarubicin, but the efflux of intracellular accumulated pirarubicin was observed subsequently in both conditions with and without verapamil. The drug concentration decreased more rapidly in the verapamil group than in the control group.Conclusions: Verapamil is thought to be useful in promoting uptake of intravesically instilled pirarubicin, but it did not appear to be so efficient at limiting the efflux of intracellular accumulated pirarubicin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background:  Recent advances in ultrasonic techniques have improved the image quality and diagnostic accuracy for staging of bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and usefulness of endoluminal ultrasonography (ELUS) in staging of bladder cancer, and to compare them with those of conventional transurethral ultrasonography (TUUS).Methods:  From 2000 to 2002, 19 patients with bladder cancer were evaluated by ELUS and TUUS before transurethral resection or biopsy. Clinical staging using ELUS, TUUS, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared with the results of pathological staging.Results:  In 16 of 19 patients, both ELUS and TUUS were able to diagnose tumor stage. In the remaining three patients, both methods were unable to evaluate stage of tumor. In two of these patients, this inability to evaluate tumor state was caused by a difficulty in depicting the tumor base in rectangular scanning. In the remaining patient, the inability to evaluate tumor stage was caused by a difficulty in recognizing the normal muscularis because of edema around the tumor base. Both diagnostic accuracies of ELUS and TUUS were 84%, which were superior to those of CT (44%) and MRI (82%).Conclusions:  Endoluminal ultrasonography and TUUS were equally useful for staging diagnosis of bladder cancer. Because the ELUS probe is very small in diameter and can be manipulated under direct vision, it is superior to the TUUS in safety and in fine visualization. However, the main limitations of ELUS include an inability to evaluate the depth of invasion of large tumors and an inability to visualize the tumor base in the position of the bladder neck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin is involved in a broad spectrum of activities against human systemic malignancies. However, acquired resistance to cisplatin reduces its clinical efficacy. Elucidation of the molecular basis of cisplatin resistance is required to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin. In the present study, the mechanism of acquired resistance to cisplatin was studied in C3H mice inoculated with MBT-2 murine bladder tumor cells.Methods: C3H mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 1.0 × 106 MBT-2 cells/mouse on day 0. The mice were given intraperitoneal injections of 10 µmol/kg cisplatin and subcutaneous injections of 1000 µmol/kg propargylglycine, an inhibitor of gamma-cystathionase, once a day for 10 consecutive days from day 11 to day 20.Results: The metallothionein content of the tumors was increased to twice the control level by repeated administration of cisplatin. Co-administration of propargylglycine reduced metallothionein induction in the tumors and markedly enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin. In contrast, the glutathione content in the tumors did not change from the control level after cisplatin administration. The platinum accumulation in tumors treated with cisplatin alone was 1.7-fold greater than when propargylglycine was administered concomitantly. The platinum concentrations changed in accordance with the metallothionein contents.Conclusions: These observations suggest that metallothionein, but not glutathione or reduced platinum accumulation, might play a role in the acquired resistance to cisplatin of C3H mice inoculated with MBT-2. Moreover, reversal of this resistance might be possible by biochemical modulation of metallothionein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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