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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Captopril ; Blood coagulation ; Fibrin monomer complexes ; Fibrinolysis ; Captopril ; Blutgerinnung ; Fibrinmonomerkomplexe ; Fibrinolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 32 Patienten mit schwerer, therapieresistenter Hypertonie wurden unter der antihypertensive Therapie mit dem Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor Captopril systematische Blutgerinnungsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Bereits 2 h nach Therapiebeginn kam es zu einem Anstieg von Fibrinmonomerkomplexen, der nach 26 h und nach 1 Woche noch ausgeprägter war. Bei Kontrolluntersuchungen nach 6 bzw. 12 Monaten waren die Fibrinmonomere wieder weitgehend normalisiert. Bei einigen Patienten mit deutlichem Fibrinmonomeranstieg verkürzte sich zeitweise auch die PTT. Zusätzlich fand sich ein Anstieg der Antiplasminaktivität. Zu dem deutlichsten Anstieg der Fibrinmonomere kam es vor allem bei schneller und ausgeprägter Blutdrucksenkung. Bei 15 gesunden Normalpersonen stiegen ebenfalls die Fibrinmonomere nach einer einmaligen Captoprildosis von 25 mg an. Zusätzlich verkürzte sich die PTT und das Antiplasmin stieg an. Mit Fibrinplatten und der Bestimmung von Thrombengewichten konnte durch Captopril eine Hemmung der Fibrinolyse nachgewiesen werden. Sieben von 58 Patienten mit schwerer Hyptertonie und Atherosklerose erlitten unter der Captopriltherapie schwere vaskuläre Komplikationen: Myokardinfarkt (n=2), coronare Insuffizienz (1), cerebrale Ischämie (1), zunehmende Niereninsuffizienz (3). Durch die gefundenen Blutgerinnungsveränderungen könnten diese Komplikationen bei Patienten mit schwerer Hypertonie begünstigt sein.
    Notes: Summary Systematic blood coagulation analyses were conducted in 32 severely hypertensive patients treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Two hours after the first captopril dose, fibrin monomer complexes had already increased. This rise was even more distinct after 26 h and 1 week. Tests after 6 and 12 months of therapy showed a regression of fibrin monomer complexes to pretreatment values. In several patients with a marked increase in fibrin monomer complexes, the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) became shorter and antiplasmin activity increased. The most pronounced increase in fibrin monomer complexes was seen in patients with a rapid and excessive blood pressure reduction. The concentration of fibrin monomer complexes also rose in 15 healthy normotensive subjects, after a single oral dose of captopril (25 mg). Additionally, the PTT was shortened and antiplasmin significantly rose. An inhibition of fibrinolysis by captopril could be demonstrated by the effect on fibrin plates and thrombus weight after streptokinase. Out of 58 patients with severe hypertension and atherosclerosis treated with captopril, 7 patients suffered vascular complications during antihypertensive therapy: myocardial infarction (n=2), coronary insufficiency (1), cerebral ischemia (1), renal insufficiency (3). These ischemic lesions may be partly explained by the alterations of coagulation and fibrinolysis under captopril therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renale Hypotonie ; Reninmangel ; Natriumund Volumenverarmung ; Renal hypotension ; Renin depletion ; Sodium and volume deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Arterial hypotension of renal origin occurred as consequence of low plasma renin activity in the presence of sodium and extracellular fluid volume depletion. Secretory insufficiency of the renin-producing juxtaglomerular cells and sodium and volume deprivation, simultaneously, were achieved by removing the “clamped” kidneys in renal hypertensive, sodium- and volume-depleted rats leaving in situ the contralateral kidneys deprived of renin during the preceding period of hypertension. It is suggested that renal hypotension after acute losses of sodium and extracellular fluid may also develop in patients with chronically depressed renin-angiotensin system.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine arterielle Hypotonie renalen Ursprungs wurde als Folge einer niedrigen Plasma-Reninaktivität bei bestehendem Mangel an Natrium und extrazellulärer Flüssigkeit beobachtet. Als experimentelles Modell, an dem eine sekretorische Insuffizienz der Renin-produzierenden juxtaglomerulären Zellen und eine Natrium- und Volumenverarmung gleichzeitig erzeugt werden konnten, dienten vorher hypertone, Natrium- und Volumen-verarmte Ratten nach Entfernung der Drosselnieren und Zurücklassung der während der Hochdruckperiode Renin-verarmten contralateralen Nieren. Es wird angenommen, daß sich eine renale Hypotonie nach akuten Verlusten von Natrium und extrazellulärer Flüssigkeit auch bei Patienten mit chronisch supprimiertem Renin-Angiotensin-System entwickeln kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Propranolol ; Practolol ; Lidocaine ; Pressor responses to β-adrenoceptor blocking agents ; Pressor responses to local anaesthetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In normal or nephrectomized rats, unanaesthetized or anaesthetized with urethane i.v., D,L-propranolol (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg) or practolol (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) provoked a short-lasting peak of blood pressure (BP) which was abolished by adrenalectomy. D-propranolol (0.25 mg/kg) or lidocaine (0.25 mg/kg) caused a similar peak which was abolished by phentolamine (0.5 mg/kg). This initial pressor peak appears to be due to an enhanced release of adrenaline and/or of noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Acute pressor responses to D,L-propranolol and practolol, but not to D-propranolol or lidocaine, were followed by an elevation of base line BP. The pressor response to β-blocking agents appears to be due to a depression of the continuous vasodilator effect of endogenous adrenaline. In spite of an increase in base line BP, D,L-propranolol or practolol enhanced pressor responses to single injections of 3–25 ng/kg angiotensinamide or 0.4–1.5 ng/kg adrenaline, or to continuous infusion of 45 ng/kg · min angiotensinamide. Pentolinium did not interfere with the effects of D,L-propranolol. Pentobarbital anaesthesia abolished the pressor responses to D,L-propranolol but not its propensity to enhance the pressor responses to angiotensinamide or to adrenaline. D,L-propranolol failed to increase pressor responses to angiotensinamide in adrenalectomized, prednisolone-substituted rats. Since the pressor responses to angiotensinamide are partially mediated by release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, the data are interpreted as indicating that β-adrenoceptor blocking agents enhance pressor effects of adrenaline and/or noradrenaline by suppressing their vasodilator effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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