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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The continuing development of proton pump inhibitors with particular reference to pantoprazole (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inhibition of the gastric proton pump is gaining acceptance as the treatment of choice for severe gastrooesophageal reflux disease, and for treatment of duodenal and gastric ulceration. Three of these drugs are now available (omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole) and more are being developed. Proton pump inhibitors share the same core structure, but differ in terms of substituents on this core. The substitutions are able to modify some important chemical properties of the compounds. For example, pantoprazole is significantly more acid-stable than omeprazole or lansoprazole. E3810 is significantly less stable than the other compounds. We present an explanation for this finding that depends on the relative pK values for the pyridine and benzimidazole nitrogens, especially the former.Pantoprazole formulated in an enteric-coated tablet displays high bioavailability and linear pharmacokinetics whether on single or multiple dose regimens. Although all three proton pump inhibitors provide a similar chemical conversion to sulphenamides, which are highly reactive cysteine reagents, these reagents derivatize different cysteines in the extracytoplasmic or membrane domain of the pump and inhibit the pump at different rates.Whereas the differences in chemical reactivity can be explained by the solution chemistry of the compounds, selective derivatization of different cysteines on the protein argues for an involvement of pump structure in response to the presence of the proton pump inhibitor on its luminal surface. This suggests that the proton pump inhibitors, which were originally designed to take advantage of only the highly acidic space generated in the parietal cell by the production of the sulphenamide, are made even more selective by the protein they target.Pantoprazole is metabolized by a combination of phase I and phase II metabolism, and has also been shown to have a very low potential for drug interaction. Studies of acid secretion in man have shown this compound to be an effective and long lasting inhibitor of acid secretion. The pharmacodynamics explain the cumulative effect of repeated doses and maximal acid secretory capacity with a once daily dosage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00394.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilization of Escherichia coli membrane proteins by aprotic solvents
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 80 (1977), S. 408-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(77)80487-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical features of type III hyperlipoproteinemia: analysis of 64 patients (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein E ; Atherosclerosis ; Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia ; Genetic polymorphism ; Type III hyperlipoproteinemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical and biochemical characteristics of type III hyperlipoproteinemia are described in 64 patients (35 males and 29 females). Homozygosity for apolipoprotein E2, the presence of an abnormally cholesterol-rich very low density lipoprotein fraction (β-VLDL) and an elevated ratio of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol to plasma triglycerides (〉0.3; normal ratio about 0.2) were the basis for the diagnosis. Mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations at the first visit in the clinic were 426 ± 221 and 719 ±996 mg/dl, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis of the disorder was 49 years in males and 53 years in females. There was a high prevalence of obesity (72%), xanthomas (42%), and atherosclerosis (39%), especially peripheral vascular disease (31%). Early and correct diagnosis of this familial lipoprotein disorder seems necessary because of the prompt and beneficial response to therapeutic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186624
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dipolare zwischenstufen bei (S,N)-cope-umlagerungen von allyl-thioimidaten
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 21 (1980), S. 907-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)77735-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dipolare zwischenstufen bei thio-claisen-umlagerungen von ketenmercaptalen
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 21 (1980), S. 917-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)77738-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probucol for treatment of hyperlipidemia in persistent childhood nephrotic syndrome (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Probucol ; Nephrotic syndrome ; Hyperlipidemia ; Antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In a prospective, uncontrolled multicenter study, we have evaluated the effects of probucol on hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hyperlipidemic children with persistent nephrotic syndrome. Probucol was started for a total of 12 weeks in 8 children and for 24 weeks in 14 children. Lipoprotein profiles, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, proteinuria, renal function, and electrocardiogram were monitored every 4 weeks. Side effects were recorded by questionnaire. Treatment was completed by 7 of 8 patients for 12 weeks and by 7 of 14 children for 24 weeks. After 12 weeks, the mean serum concentrations of triglycerides (−15%), total cholesterol (−25%), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (−27%), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (−23%), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (−24%), as well as apolipoprotein (apo) A-I (−19%), apo B (−21%), and MDA (−32%) were reduced. The positive effects of probucol on the lipoprotein profile persisted over 24 weeks; however, there was no significant effect on either proteinuria or GFR. In conclusion, probucol had beneficial effects on lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation, but improved neither proteinuria nor GFR. The drug was generally tolerated well, but had to be discontinued because of a prolonged QT interval in 4 of 22 patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050554
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoprotein(a) serum levels and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes in children with chronic renal disease (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 8 (1994), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856543
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of accumulation of midazolam in plasma and lipoprotein fractions during intravenous lipid infusions in patients on artificial respiration (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Midazolam ; lipoprotein binding ; albumin binding ; plasma triglycerides ; intravenous lipid infusions ; severely ill patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severely ill patients often require total parenteral nutrition including intravenous liqid emulsions concurrently administered with lipophilic drugs. Therefore we investigated whether therapeutic application of a mixed medium chain/long chain triglyceride infusion affects the disposition of midazolam necessary for sedation in patients on artificial respiration. The concentrations of midazolam were measured in unfractionated plasma, and in lipoprotein fractions isolated from ex vivo blood samples, including determination of triglycerides and cholesterol; the albumin level was also analysed. Midazolam in the VLDL fraction was only 0.246 μg·ml−1, whereas the total plasma concentration averaged 1.101 μg·ml−1, and the midazolam content of the LDL plus HDL fractions amounted to 1.771 μg·ml−1. Albumin in these lipoprotein fractions was just as unequally distributed. A lipid infusion resulted in a significant elevation of total triglycerides from 157 to 221 mg·dl−1 and VLDL-triglycerides from 77 to 155 mg·dl−1. The triglyceride content of the LDL plus HDL fraction rose from 102 to 139 mg·dl−1. At the same time the midazolam concentration in unfractionated plasma and in the VLDL and the LDL + HDL fractions decreased to 0.899 μg·ml−1, 0.130 μg·ml−1, and 1.265 μg·ml−1, respectively. Cholesterol and albumin concentrations were not affected. The data show for the first time that a significant increase in plasma triglycerides during an intravenous lipid infusion does not result in accumulation of midazolam in lipoproteins, probably because albumin binding of the drug is very strong. The lack of midazolam trapping is important with respect to the safety of concurrent use of lipophilic drugs and intravenous lipid infusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314923
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug monitoring by gas-chromatography A) tocainide — B) etomidate (1984)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 317 (1984), S. 667-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593828
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