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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Nodular glomerulosclerosis ; Kimmelstiel-Wilson nephropathy ; long-acting heterologous insulin ; histoimmunology ; electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des lésions rénales semblables à la néphropathie de Kimmelstiel-Wilson ont été trouvées chez des cobayes immunisés avec de l'insuline hétérologue à action prolongée. — Les animaux ont été traités pendant des périodes de 3 à 5 mois par des injections mensuelles souscutan ées d'insuline bovine hautement purifiée, mélangée à de la lanoline et à de l'huile de paraffine. — Les coupes de rein ont été examinées à l'aide du microscope à lumière, après colorations standard et histochimiques, ainsi qu'à l'aide de techniques histoimmunologiques et au microscope électronique. — On a trouvé les lésions glomérulaires suivantes: 1. Nodules hyalins PAS-positifs (55.5%); 2. épaississement de la membrane basale (100%); 3. dilatation anévrismale des capillaires (88.8%); 4. glomérulosclérose diffuse (61.1%); 5. augmentation du nombre des cellules du mésangium (38.8%); 6. capsules fibrinoïdes (44.4%); 7. adhérences capsulaires (33.3%). — Les résultats histochimiques ont montré qu'il y a des caractéristiques diff érentielles entre les capsules fibrinoïdes (lésions exsudatives) et les altérations nodulaires hyalines: les premières sont digérées rapidement par la trypsine tandis que les nodules résistent au traitement de 6 h par la trypsine. — La coloration histoimmunologique des coupes de rein lyophilisé, avec du sérum anti-insuline de boeuf marqué avec del'isothiocyanate de fluorescéine montra une fluorescence prononcée des capsules fibrinoïdes et des nodules hyalins des glomérules, ainsi qu'une fluorescence moins intense de la membrane basale et du stroma intercapillaire. — La microscopie électronique des glomérules a montré que la membrane basale est toujours épaissie de façon irrégulière, présentant une structure en taches, et qu'il y a des aires nodulaires et des bandes de matière semblable à la membrane basale. En outre on a noté des dépôts osmophiles denses dans le mésangium. — On conclut que l'insuline agissant comme un antigène provoque, par l'intermédiaire de mécanismes immunologiques, une néphropathie nodulaire semblable à celle de Kimmelstiel-Wilson, chez les animaux d'expérience ayant un taux normal ou bas de sucre et de lipides.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Nach Immunisierung durch heterologes Insulin mit protrahierter Wirkung ließen sich bei Meerschweinchen ähnliche Nierenveränderungen wie bei der Kimmelstiel-Wilson'schen Nephropathie nachweisen. — Die Tiere erhielten monatliche subcutane Injektionen von hochgereinigtem Rinderinsulin in einer Mischung von Lanolin und Paraffinöl über einen Zeitraum von 3–5 Monaten. — Die Untersuchung der Nierenschnitte erfolgte lichtmikroskopisch mit Hilfe von Standardund histochemischen Färbungen sowie durch histoimmunologische Verfahren und die Elektronenmikrosko pie. Dabei ließen sich an den Glomeruli folgende pathologische Befunde erheben: — 1. PAS-positive hyaline Knötchen (55.5%); 2. eine Verdickung der Basalmembran (100%); 3. aneurysmatische Kapillarerweiterungen (88.8%); 4. eine diffuse Glomerulosklerose (61.1%); 5. eine Vermehrung der mesangialen Zellen (38.8%); 6. Fibrinausfällungen (44.4%); 7. Kapseladhäsionen (33.3%). — Die histochemischen Untersuchungen zeigten Unterschiede zwischen den Fibrinausfällungen (exsudative Veränderungen) und den hyalinen Knötchen: erstere wurden durch Trypsin schnell zerstört, während die hyalinen Knötchen einer Trypsinbehandlung über 6 Std. standhielten. Histo-immunologische Anfärbung lyophlisierter Nierenschnitte durch Anti-Rinderinsulin-Serum, das mit Fluoreszin-Isothiozyanat markiert worden war, ließen eine ausgeprägte Fluoreszenz der Fibrinausfällungen, sowie der hyalinen Knötchen in den Glomeruli und eine schwächere Fluoreszenz der Basalmembran und des interkapillären Grundgewebes erkennen. Durch die Elektronenmikroskopie konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß die Basalmembran immer unregelmäßig verdickt war und stellenweise eine fibrilläre Struktur aufwies. Weiter fanden sich noduläre Bezirke und Streifen von membran-„ähnlichem “ Material. Im Mesangium ließen sich ferner dichte osmophile Ablagerungen nachweisen. Es wird gefolgert, daß Insulin als Antigen über immunologische Mechanismen bei Versuchstieren mit normalen oder sogar erniedrigten Glucoseund Lipid-Serumspiegeln eine noduläre Eämmelstiel-Wilson „ähnliche“ Nephropathie auslösen kann.
    Notes: Summary Renal lesions similar to Kimmelstiel-Wilson nephropathy have been found in guinea pigs immunized with long-acting heterologous insulin. — The animals were treated for periods ranging from 3 to 5 months, with monthly subcutaneous injections of highly purified bovine insulin in a mixture of lanolin and paraffin oil. — Kidney sections have been examined by means of light microscopy after standard and histochemical stainings, histoimmunological techniques and electron microscopy. — The following glomerular lesions have been detected : 1. PAS-positive hyaline nodules (55.5%); 2. Thickening of the basal membrane (100%); 3. aneurysmatic dilatation of the capillaries (88.8%); 4. diffuse glomerulosclerosis (61.1%); 5. increased number of mesangial cells (38.8%); 6. fibrinoid caps (44.4%); 7. capsular adhesions (33.3%). — Histo-chemical findings showed that there are differential characteristics between fibrinoid caps (exudative lesions) and hyaline nodular alterations: the former were rapidly digested by trypsin, whereas the nodules resisted the tryptic treatment for 6 h. — Histoimmunological staining of the lyophilized kidney sections with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled anti-bovine insulin serum showed marked fluorescence of both the fibrinoid caps and hyaline nodules of the glomeruli, and also a less intense fluorescence of the basement membrane and of the intercapillary stroma. — Electron microscopy of the glomeruli demonstrated that the basal membrane was always irregularly thickened showing a patchy fibrillary structure, and that there were nodular areas and bands of “basal-membrane-like” material. Besides, dense osmiophilic deposits were noted in the mesangium. — It is concluded that insulin acting as an antigen brings about a nodular Kimmelstiel-Wilson-like nephropathy in experimental animals with normal or low blood sugar and lipids, through immunological mechanisms.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Final height ; Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has increased considerably in recent years and data on the spontaneous growth and final height of these children are conflicting. Therefore, we analysed the longitudinal growth and final height in 52 survivors (33 females, 19 males) of childhood ALL. These children were diagnosed and treated in a single institution, all remained in first remission and were submitted to cranial irradiation with either 2400 or 1800 cGy. None of the patients received testicular or spinal irradiation. Median age at diagnosis was 4.2 (range 1.3–9.6) years in the first group (2400 cGy) and 3.9 (0.8–10.5) years in the second (1800 cGy). Standing height was measured at diagnosis, at the end of treatment (median 3.1 years after diagnosis), 6, 12, 24 months after the end of treatment, and finally at the completion of growth. In girls a significant decrease of mean height standard deviation score (SDS) during treatment and a catch up in growth after the end of therapy was followed by a second period of reduced growth. Mean final height SDS was significantly lower than the value at diagnosis in both groups of girls, but only in males treated with 2400 cGy. Mean overall loss in height SDS from diagnosis to final heigth was higher in females (−1.24) than in males (−0.40) (P=0.009). Females 〈-4 years of age at diagnosis showed a higher loss in final height than females 〉4 years. An unchanged or improved final height was evident in 8 cases, the other 44 cases showed a final height decrease between −0.1 and −2 SDS in 36 and 〉-2 SDS in 8, 6 of whom were females 〈-4 years at diagnosis and only 1 a female 〉4 years. Only females treated at a younger age showed a final height lower than midparental height (−5.7±1.8 cm,P〈0.01), particularly those treated with 2400 cGy (−7.5±2.5 cm,P〈0.05). Menarche occurred earlier than in the normal population (11.5±1.2 years) with no differences between the two radiation dosages. Conclusion Females, notably young girls, treated for ALL show a greater decrease in the final height than treated males. Early sexual maturation may contribute to the decrease in the final height. A better growth pattern seems to be shown by patients irradiated with the lower dosage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Wilms' tumour  ;  Intravenous glucose  ;  Insulin release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether β-cell function could be impaired by the treatment for Wilms' tumour (WT) in childhood, we investigated the insulin secretion of 44 survivors of WT (22 males) with a median off-treatment follow up of 8.3 years (range 1–19.8). All patients had an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (0.5 gm/kg, max 25 g) to determine the first-phase insulin response (FPIR) (sum of the 1- and 3-min insulin concentrations). Median age at the time of the study was 12.7 years (range 4.2–22.7). Eight subjects (7 males) had a FPIR value below the 3rd percentile, and 7 (3 males) above the 97th centile. Among the 22 patients who received radiotherapy, 7 (6 males) showed a FPIR  〈 3rd percentile versus only 1 (a male) of the 22 patients who received no radiation (31.8% vs 4.5%; P 〈 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that the time elapsed since therapy had a significant role on the development of low FPIR only in males. The 7 patients with an insulin release 〉 97th percentile did not show any significant difference compared to subjects with lower insulin values for weight, age at diagnosis, sex, time elapsed since treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy protocol. Conclusion An impaired insulin response is evident in some patients treated for WT in childhood, mainly in male patients who received abdominal radiotherapy and were examined a longer time after therapy. We hypothesize that this decreased insulin release is related to damage due to radiotherapy and therefore a careful follow up is recommended in adulthood in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 751-777 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati misurati gli spettri di termoriflettanza tra 3 e 9 eV per una serie di cristalli misti GaSxSe1−x. I campioni erano lastrine monocristalline cresciute dalla fase vapore con il metodo del trasporto chimico. Le misure sono state effettuate con radiazione non polarizzata propagantesi all'incirca lungo l'asse di anisotropia dei cristalli, mentre la modulazione in temperatura è stata eseguita attorno a 65 K. Molte strutture degli spettri di riflettività sono state analizzate nella loro dipendenza dalla concentrazione di zolfo nei cristalli misti. Su questa base si è data una approfondita discussion degli spettri ottici di GaS e GaSe oltre la soglia fondamentale, e si sono ottenute nuove informazioni riguardanti i livelli elettronici di energia sia per questi composti che per l'InSe, che ha struttura cristallina analoga.
    Abstract: Резюме Были измерены спектры термоотражения в области между 3 и 9 эВ для ряда смешанных GaS x Se x−1 кристаллов. Образцы представляют монокристал-лические пластинки, вырращенные из пара химическнм методом. Измерения проведены с неполяризованным светвым пучком, распространяющимся приблизителщимся приблизительно рдоль оси анизотропии кристалла. Температура модулируется вблизи 65 К. Анализи-руются некоторы в спектрах отражения в зависимости от концентрации серы в смешанных кристаллах. Прородится подробное обсуждение оптических спектров в GaS и GaSe ниже основного края. Получается новая информадия об электронных энергетических уровнях для указанных соединений и для InSe, которые имеют аналогичную кристаллическую структуру.
    Notes: Summary The thermoreflectance spectra between 3 and 9 eV have been measured for a series of GaSxSe1−x mixed crystals. The samples were single-crystal platelets grown from the vapour by the chemical-transport method. The measurements were performed with a nonpolarized light beam propagating approximately along the anisotropy crystal axis and the temperature was modulated around 65 K. Many structures in the reflectance spectra have been analysed in their dependence on the sulphur concentration in the mixed crystals. On this basis a detailed discussion of the optical spectra in GaS and in GaSe beyond the fundamental edge is given, and new information concerning the electronic energy levels is obtained both for these compounds and for InSe, which has an analogous crystal structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Thin-film growth ; structure and epitaxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Films di solfuro di cadmio sono stati cresciuti su substrati di tellururo di cadmio, mediante la tecnica della deposizione chimica da fase vapore in tubo aperto. La crescita è stata realizzata in un reattore di tipo orizzontale, usando come sorgente grani policristallini di CdS e idrogeno come agente trasportatore. Le temperature della zona sorgente e della zona substrato sono state variate nell'intervallo (700÷900)°C e (400÷800)°C, rispettivamente. I valori sperimentali della velocità di crescita sono stati paragonati a quelli calcolati assumendo un modello di crescita in condizioni di quasi equilibrio. Il confronto mostra che il processo di crescita può essere adeguatamente descritto da tale modello in un piccolo intervallo di temperatura attorno a 700°C. A temperature inferiori o superiori le cinetiche superficiali limitano la crescita. I films cresciuti a 700°C mostrano inoltre la migliore morfologia. Misure di diffrazione X e di fotoluminescenza evidenziano inoltre che i films cresciuti in queste condizioni hanno una buona qualità strutturale.
    Abstract: Резюме Метод химического напыления в открытой тпубке испольэуется для выращивания эпитаксиальных CdS пленок на CdTe подложках. Выращивание проиэводится в гориэонтальном реакторе, испольэуя поликристаллический CdS в качестве материала источника и водород, как транспортный гаэ. Температуры эоны источника и эоны подложки иэменяются соответсвенно в интервалаш (700÷900)°C и (400÷800)°C. Экспериментальные значения напыления сравниваются с вычисленными значениями, предполагая квази-равновесныю модель. Сравнение показывает, что выращивания мжет быть адекватно описан с помощью такой модели в небодьшой области температур вблиэи 700°C. При меньших и больших температурах поверхностная кинетика ограничивает процесс роста. Пленки, выращенные при 700°C, также овнаруживает наилучшую морфологию. Иэмерения рентгеновской дифракции и фотолюминиесценции подтверждают, что пленки, выращенные в этих условиях, имеУт высокое качество структуры.
    Notes: Summary The open-tube chemical vapour deposition has been used to grow epitaxial CdS films on CdTe substrates. The growth has been performed in a horizontal reactor, using polycristalline CdS as source material and hydrogen as transporting gas. The deposition and the source temperatures have been varied in the range (400÷800)°C and (700÷900)°C, respectively. The experimental values of the deposition rate have been compared with those calculated assuming a quasi-equilibrium model. The comparison shows that the growth process can be adequately described by such a model in a small-temperature region around 700°C. At lower or higher temperatures the surface kinetics becomes the limiting mechanism. Films grown at 700°C show also the best morphology. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements evidence that films grown in these conditions have a good structural quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 233-245 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Specific structure of inorganic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A systematic investigation of the structural modifications of GaSe crystals, grown from the melt by different doping elements, has been performed by convergent-beam electron diffraction technique, in order to analyse the dependence of the structure on the doping atoms. Iodine-doped crystals have shown the ɛ-2H hexagonal and γ-3R rhombohedral polytypes. The structure of crystals doped either by silver, or copper, or cadmium, or zinc, or arsenic has been proved a mixture of the ɛ-2H hexagonal and of γ, 9 R, 12 R, 15 R rhombohedral phases. Ingots doped either by zinc or arsenic have shown the ɛ polytype prevailing in some zones and the γ structure in the other ones. The ɛ modification is dominant in ingots doped by the remaining atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1165 (1992), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Rat-brain microsome) ; Cholinephospotransferase ; Ethanolaminephosphotransferase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Stransky–Krastanow metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth of self-organized ZnTe islands on homoepitaxial (001)GaAs is demonstrated. The −7.4% lattice mismatch of the ZnTe/GaAs heterostructure leads to a strain-driven distribution of nanoscale ZnTe islands on top of a two-dimensionally (2D) grown wetting layer. Atomic force microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry are used to determine the island dimensions and the thickness of the wetting layer. The density of the islands, their average diameter, and aspect ratio turn out to be about 520 μm−2, 13.6 nm, and 0.20, respectively, for a 1.2 ML thick 2D layer. Furthermore, the average aspect ratio of the islands decreases by increasing the thickness of the wetting layer, as expected by the progressive extinction of the strain-driven island nucleation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth of ZnTe by di-isopropyl-telluride and di-methyl-zinc (Me2Zn) precursors is investigated by studying the epilayer growth rate as a function of both growth temperature and precursor transport rates. The ZnTe growth is a thermally activated process involving the heterogeneous pyrolysis of both Zn and Te alkyls onto the ZnTe surface. The growth rate dependence on growth conditions is explained in terms of surface adsorption-desorption reactions, assuming that the incorporation of Zn and Te atoms into ZnTe takes place through their selective adsorption on different surface lattice sites. There is also evidence that the occurrence of a competitive species for the surface adsorption of Zn atoms, which is identified as the CH3⋅ (methyl) radical, is produced by the pyrolysis of Me2Zn. Photoluminescence (PL) and absorption measurements performed on ZnTe allow to identify two new donor-acceptor pair (DAP) bands, originated from the recombination of a Ga donor with two acceptor centers, whose ionization energies are 56 meV for the higher energy band and around 140–150 meV for the lower energy one. Hall measurements show that the 56 meV acceptor is responsible of the p-type conductivity of the layers. The nature of the impurities originating such PL features is discussed with the support of secondary ion mass spectrometry. It is shown that Ga, Si, and C are dominant impurities in the layers, whereas Cu does not occur in our ZnTe. Unintentional C doping occurs in ZnTe as a consequence of the strong methyl and iso-propyl radical surface adsorption. We show that C is incorporated as an acceptor in ZnTe, originating the DAP bands observed in the PL spectra. Within this view, the 56 meV ionization energy acceptor is tentatively assigned to substitutional C atoms on Te lattice sites. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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