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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Large atrial septal defects – interventional occlusion – Amplatzer Septal Occluder – follow-up ; Schlüsselwörter Große Vorhofseptumdefekte – Interventioneller Verschluss – Amplatzer Septal Occluder – Nachbeobachtung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Viele verschiedene Systeme für den Verschluss von Vorhofseptumdefekten (ASD) kamen in den letzten Jahren zum Einsatz, deren Gebrauch meist auf Defektgrößen bis 20mm Durchmesser limitiert war. Wir berichten über unsere klinische Erfahrung beim Verschluss von ASD mit einem Durchmesser größer 20 mm mit dem Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO).¶   Methode: Ein im Defekt platzierter Ballonocclusionskatheter wurde soweit inflatiert, dass eine Kerbe im Ballon als Grundlage für die echokardiografische als auch radiologische Bestimmung des gedehnten Durchmessers entsteht. Ein ASO¶2–4mm größer als der gedehnte Durchmesser wurde durch 9–12 French messende lange Schleusen implantiert. Im Unterschied zum Verschluss kleinerer Defekte wurde der ASO erst nach vollständiger Entwicklung des linksatrialen Schirmchens und des Verbindungsstents unter Ausnutzung der maximalen Auflagerungsfläche und Zentrierungseigenschaft in den Defekt gezogen, danach der rechtsatriale Schirm entfaltet und durch zügiges Vorschieben der Schleuse und des Implantationsdrahtes in Richtung Septum aktiv konfiguriert. Eine Implantation wurde nur durchgeführt, wenn der den Defekt umgebende Rand außer aortal, anterior minimal 7mm maß. Nach Implantation wurde mit einem extensiven „Minnesota wiggle” die mechanische Stabilität des ASO überprüft. Eine Freisetzung erfolgte nur, wenn kein oder nur minimaler Restshunt durch den zentralen Verbindungsstent im Farbdoppler zu erkennen war, ansonsten erfolgte eine konsequente Repositionierung.¶   Ergebnisse: Von 352 Patienten (P) mit interventionellem ASD-Verschluss mit einem ASO hatten 70 P (Alter 1,1–77,3 J) einen Defekt größer 20 mm (Median 22 mm (20–36), 25/75% Quartile = 20/26 mm). Der mittlere Shunt betrug Qp:Qs 2,1:1 (0,7–3,9:1), mittlere Durchleuchtungszeit 10,9 min (0–63). Ein vollständiger Verschluss war bei 85,7/93,1/100% der P nach 3 Monaten, ¶1 und 2 Jahren zu beobachten. Außer den 3 P mit chronischem Vorhofflimmern hatten nur 5P passagere Arrhythmien, 2 periprozedural und 3 innerhalb der ersten 3 Monate nach Verschluss, behandelt mit β-Blocker. Bei einem P kam es wegen eines ungenügend ausgebildeten posterioren Randes zur Akutembolisation des ASO mit nachfolgender chirurgischer Explantation und Defektverschluss. Trotz des „Überdimensionierens” des ASO kam es zu keiner Fehlkonfiguration des Implantats.¶   Schlussfolgerung: Der Verschluss von Vorhofseptumdefekten mit einem Durchmesser größer 20mm ist ohne höhere Komplikationsrate sicher und effektiv durchführbar, wenn man die modifizierten Implantationskriterien berücksichtigt. Passagere Arrhythmien stellen keine besondere Problematik dar.
    Notes: Summary Over the last few years, various devices for the interventional closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) up to a diameter of 20mm have been developed. We report our clinical experience in closing ASD with a diameter larger than 20mm diameter with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO).¶   Method: The stretched diameter of the ASD was measured by inflating a sizing balloon within the defect until an indentation in the circumference in the balloon could be observed. An ASO with a stent diameter 2–4mm larger than the indentation in the circumference of the balloon was chosen and implanted via 9–12 French sheaths. In contrast to the closure of smaller defects, pullback of the device onto the atrial septum was only performed when the connecting stent of the ASO was completely deployed in order to achieve maximal centering characteristics and optimal support of the retention skirt of the left atrial disc on the edges of the defect. Only then was the right atrial disc deployed and actively configured by advancing the sheath and the delivery cable against the atrial septum. Implantation was only attempted if the atrial septal rims (except the anterior rim around the aorta) measured more than 7mm by echocardiography to avoid injury or disturbance of sensitive intracardiac structures. After placement, the fixation of the device and the mechanical stability was proven by an extensive “Minnesota wiggle”. The ASO was released only when TEE showed no or a trivial residual color flow through the connecting stent; otherwise repositioning was performed.¶   Results: Out of 352 patients (P) with successful closure of interatrial defects, 70 P (age: 1.1–77.3 years) had stretched defects larger than 20mm diameter (median 22mm diameter (20–36), 25/75% quartiles=20/26mm). Mean shunt size was Qp:Qs 2.1:1 (0.7–3.9:1), mean fluoroscopy time 10.9min (0–63). Complete closure could be achieved in 85.7/93.1/100% after 3 months, ¶1 and 2 years, respectively. Besides 3P with persistent atrial fibrillation, only 5 P showed transient atrial tachyarrhythmias, 2 only periprocedural and 3 within the first 3months after implantation were treated with β-blocker. In one patient, an acute embolization of the device occurred because a diminished posterior rim was not visualized by a monoplane TEE probe necessitating surgical explantation and defect occlusion. Despite oversizing the device, no “mushrooming” misconfiguration were observed.¶   Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder is feasible, safe and effective. Risk of complications do not seem to occur more frequently than after closure of smaller defects if one adheres to certain sizing and implantation measures. The incidence of transient atrial tachyarrhythmias seems to be low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 798-801 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Persistierender Ductus arteriosus (PDA) ; Katheterinterventioneller PDA-Verschluß ; Raskind-occluder ; Key words Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ; Transcatheter closure of PDA ; Rashkind occluder ; Front-loading-technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus Botalli (PDA) has become a routine procedure. Only PDA in low birth weight infants, and short and wide open PDA in small children could not be closed by means of catheter technology. Different transcatheter closure systems are available now. We report on a premature infant now 16 month old weighting 6,8 kg were surgery seemed inadvisable. After angiography a funnel- shaped PDA seemed to be suitable for closure by a Ductocclud spiral coil (PFM company). The spiral coil could not be set in place safely because meanwhile the pulmonary PDA month had widened after angiography. Transcatheter closure then was successful using a 17 mm Rashkind double umbrella (Bard company) in modified implantation technique with a 8 french introduction set, and special attention to avoid the isthmus of the aorta and pulmonary artery stenosis. Discussion: Ductal reactivity at an age of 16 months seems unusual. Even at this age one has to be aware of possibly dramatic changes of the shape of the ductus during examination. Experience with several transcatheter PDA-closure systems is necessary for the successful closure even in cases of unexpected changes of shape of PDA.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der katheterinterventionelle Verschluß eines persistierenden Ductus arteriosus Botalli (PDA) ist heute eine Routinemethode, für die eine ganze Reihe von verschiedenen Verschlußsystemen zur Verfügung steht. Eine Ausnahme für die Intervention stellen nur noch Frühgeborene und kleine Kinder mit kurzen, weit offenen Duktus dar. Wir berichten über ein 16 Monate altes, 6,8 kg schweres ehemaliges Frühgeborenes mit relativen Kontraindikationen zu einer Operation, bei dem nach Angiographie ein trichterförmiger Duktus zum Verschluß durch eine Ductocclud-Spirale (Fa. PFM) geeignet erschien. Die Spirale war jedoch nicht sicher zu plazieren, da sich die pulmonale Duktusmündung durch die mit der Intervention verbundenen Manipulationen zwischenzeitlich erheblich geweitet hatte. Der Verschluß des PDA gelang dann mit einem 17-mm-Rashkind-Doppelschirm (Fa. Bard) in modifizierter Implantationstechnik mit einer 8-Fr.-Schleuse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schonung der Aortenisthmusregion und der Pulmonalarterienstrombahn. Diskussion: Die Empfindlichkeit des Duktusgewebes noch im Alter von 16 Monaten erscheint ungewöhnlich. Der Untersucher muß auch in diesem Alter auf drastische Änderungen der Duktusmorphologie vorbereitet sein. Bei entsprechender Erfahrung mit verschiedenen Verschlußsystemen kann die Intervention trotz „Duktusspiel” gelingen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: progressive pressure loading ; afterload ; right ventricle ; transposition of the great arteries ; right ventricular hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the speed and duration of progressive pressure loading of the right ventricle to systemic pressure levels, which allows right ventricular adaptation without myocardial impairment at rest. In 8 pigs with an average weight of 22 kg progressive right ventricular pressure loading of different speeds and durations was induced with a newly developed constrictor. Pressures in the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery as well as angiocardiographic volume parameters of the right ventricle were determined weekly over a period of 4 to 7 weeks. A fast progressive right ventricular pressure increase of 3.4 mm Hg/day during 3 weeks was associated with a 20–30% reduction of ejection fraction and a 100% increase of the end-systolic volume. Increase of end-diastolic pressure was 3 to 5 fold. A slow progressive pressure increase of 1.5 to 2.2 mm Hg/day to 100 mm Hg within 4 to 5 weeks was associated with an increase of the end-diastolic pressure to a level observed in systemic ventricles, while change of ejection fraction and end-systolic volume was minimal. The faster the increase of right ventricular pressure the flatter was the peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume relationship. It is concluded that in contrast to sudden and fast progressive increase of afterload slow progressive increase of afterload to systemic levels does not impair right ventricular myocardial function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: progressive banding of arteries ; progressive pressure loading ; afterload ; ameroid ; transposition of the great arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this work was to develop a device which allows slow progressive banding of a great artery in infants within 4 to 5 weeks. Employed was the hygroscopic casein ameroid. When brought in contact with fluids, an ameroid cylinder expands characteristically. An early phase of fast expansion proceeds gradually to a phase of slow growth. Size, shape, and encasement of ameroid as well as temperature and type of surrounding fluid modify but do not alter the typical pattern of expansion. The developed constrictor (weight: 5.8 kg, length: 18 mm, diameter: 12 mm) includes a stainless steel socket containing an ameroid cylinder (length: 8.5 mm, diameter: 8 mm). The expanding ameroid pushes a piston with a concave extension (makrolon) a maximum of 2 mm against the artery, which is fixed to the metal housing by a teflon band (width: 4 mm, thickness: 0.5 mm). The band runs in 2 fitting grooves on the metal housing to which it is fixed by a metal ring with a precisely manufactured internal thread allowing exact tightening and loosening of the band around the artery. Utilization of inert materials like teflon, makrolon, and stainless steel warrents experimental and possibly clinical application of the developed small constrictor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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