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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phagocytosis of SRBC by guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages is enhanced by opsonizing IgG antibody alone. IgM antibody requires the presence of bound C3. Treatment of C3b coated SRBC with purified C3b inactivator (yielding EAIgM C1423d) does not reduce attachment to, and phagocytosis by, peritoneal macrophages. This finding suggests the existence of a C3d receptor on peritoneal macrophages. EC43b intermediates which have been produced by removing IgM antibody by mercaptoethanol treatment and by subsequent removal of C1 and C2, are phagocytosed despite the absence of IgM antibody. Furthermore, treatment of EC43b with C3b inactivator does not change phagocytosis. Thus, IgM antibody does not appear to be a necessary prerequisite for the stimulation of phagocytosis, C3b or C3d alone being sufficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 106-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary L-Chains of normal gamma-G-globulin can be seperated on CM-Sephadex in two fractions, called L A and L B , which occure in a constant ratio. Both fractions gave an immunoprecipitate with anti L-lambda and anti L-kappa serum. Each fraction yields on polyacrylamid-discelektrophoresis three protein bonds. L-chains prepared from gamma-G-myelomproteins show on CM-Sephadex different elution pattern: a) Increase of the fraction L A consisting mostly of the kappa or lambda typ. b) Increase of the L A fraction consiting only of the kappa typ or c) Equal quantities of L A and L B fraction, which react immunologicaly as pure kappa chains. The L-chains differ in the polyacrylamid-discelektrophoresis of the myelomproteins and their fractions as well from each other as in comparison with the normal L-chains. A difference exists with regard to the number of protein bands and their migration velocity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung L-Ketten normaler Gamma-G-Globuline lassen sich an CM Sephadex in einem konstanten Mengenverhältnis in zwei Unterfraktionen, L A und L B , auftrennen. Beide Fraktionen präcipitieren mit Anti-L-Kappa und Anti-L-Lambda-Seren. Sie lassen sich in der Acrylamidgelelektrophorese in je drei Proteinbanden auftrennen. Aus Gamma-G-Myelomseren präparierte L-Ketten zeigen an CM Sephadex verschiedene Elutionsbilder: Vermehrung der Fraktion L B mit Überwiegen der Kappa- oder Lambda-Form, Vermehrung der L A -Fraktion mit alleinigem Nachweis der Kappa-Ketten oder gleiche Quantitäten der L A - und L B -Komponenten mit immunologischem Nachweis reiner Kappa-Ketten. In der Discelektrophorese zeigen die L-Ketten der Myelomseren und deren Unterfraktionen sowohl untereinander als auch gegenüber den normalen L-Ketten eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Proteinbanden und verschiedene Wanderungsgeschwindigkeiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 147 (1961), S. 213-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bindung der vierten Komplementkomponente (C′4) an sensibilisierte Hammelblutzellen (EA) ist von der vorhergehenden Bindung der ersten Komplementkomponente abhängig. Das Präparat EAC′1 kann, wenn ihm C′4 in geeigneter Form angeboten wird, in den Komplex EAC′1,4 überführt werden. Hierbei verschwindet der titrierbare Gehalt der flüssigen Phase an C′4; gleichzeitig acquirieren die Zellen die Fähigkeit, mit R4 zu lysieren. Der zeitliche Ablauf dieser Veränderung wird untersucht. Die Eeaktion zwischen EAC′1 und C′4 verläuft äußerst schnell, und ihre Geschwindigkeit wird durch die Reaktionstemperatur nicht beeinflußt. Während die Bindung von C′1 an EA nur in Gegenwart von Ca++ erfolgt, läuft die Bindung von C′4 an EAC′4 auch in Abwesenheit von zweiwertigen Metallionen ab. Die vonLevine u.Mayer als ein Ganzes betrachtete Ca++-abhängige Überführung von EA in EAC′1,4 besteht mithin aus zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Teilreaktionen, von denen die erste (C′1-Bindung) calciumabhängig und die zweite (C′4-Bindung) von zweiwertigen Ionen unabhängig ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 147 (1961), S. 230-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Reaktion EAC′1,4 + C′2 isoliert untersucht. Hierzu bietet man einer Charge von stufenweise aufgebautem EAC′1,4 ein von allen übrigen Komplementkomponenten befreites C′2-Präparat an. Bei der Reaktion kommt es zu einem meßbaren Schwund von C′2 im Überstand; gleichzeitig erwerben die Zellen die Fähigkeit, mit cheliertem Komplement zu lysieren. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist bei 37° C hoch und bei 0° C gering. Für die Fähigkeit der Zellen, C′2 zu binden, ist nicht allein das gebundene C′4 maßgebend, sondern ein von C′1 nicht abgrenzbarer Zusatzfaktor. Demnach kommen dem C′1 nach seiner Bindung zwei Funktionen zu: Einmal vermittelt es die Bindung von C′4, zum anderen vermittelt es zusammen mit dem gebundenen C′4 die Bindung von C′2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 155 (1969), S. 65-80 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ein-Treffer-Theorie als Grundlage der Molekular-Titration der 4. Komponente des Meerschweinchen-Komplements erfordert bestimmte Parameter für Reagentien und optimale Reaktionsbedingungen. Es wurden daher untersucht, der Einfluß der Beladung der EAC′1-Zellen mit hämolytischem Antikörper und C′1, sowie der Einfluß von Zeit, Temperatur und Ionenstärke des Puffers auf die Anlagerung von hämolytisch effektiven C′4-Molekülen an die EAC′1-Intermediärzelle. Weiter wurde der optimale Gehalt an C′2, EDTA und Komplement im C′EDTA-Reagens ermittelt. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Bestimmungen und die Haltbarkeit der Reagentien wird beschrieben. Die Bedeutung des Verhaltens der verschiedenen Reaktionsparameter für den Reaktionsmodus der Meßreaktion EAC′1 und C′4→EAC′1,4 wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The One-hit-theory of the complement reaction mechanism is applied as a basis for the titration of the 4th component of guinea-pig complement. For the reaction of the EAC′1 cell intermediate with a limited amount of purified C′4 the following parameters of the necessary reagents and the optimal conditions for the investigated reaction were studied: the influence of the amount of hemolytic antibody and of the number of C′1-sites on the EAC′1-cells: the influence of time, temperature, ionic strenght upon the generation of hemolytic effective EAC′1,4-sites. Furthermore the optimal content of C′2 and complement and EDTA in the C′EDTA-reagents was determined. The reproducibility and the time for which a change of the cell intermediate can be used, is described. The information which can be drawn from the studied parameters concerning the underlying reaction mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 134 (1980), S. 145-148 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Complement ; Gluten ; Coeliac disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes of the complement components in the sera of 13 children with treated coeliac disease were studied after gluten challenge. The levels of C 1 and C 3-activator (factor B) were significantly decreased at 4 h after the challenge, as were the levels of total complement (CH 50) and the components C 1, C 4 and C 1-inactivator at 8 h. After 24 h most values returned to normal but there was another significant decrease in serum C 4 after 24 h, and for CH 50, C 1, C 2 and C 4 after 48 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 8 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Helicobacter pylori colonization of the human gastric mucosa causes a long-term, not self-limiting inflammation, suggesting that the microbe has properties to protect itself against the host immune defence system. Recently we were able to demonstrate that H. pylori suppresses the in vitro proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to antigens as well as to mitogens without affecting cell viability. The purpose of this study was to clarify which cell subsets of mononuclear cells are influenced by H. pylori. The use of monocytes which had been pretreated with a soluble cytoplasmic fraction of H. pylori (30 μg ml−1) led to a suppressed proliferation of T cells after PHA-activation. Activation of isolated T cells with PHA and PMA revealed that the proliferative response of lymphocytes could also be inhibited independently of monocytes. The anti-proliferative effect was associated with a reduction of IL-2 receptor (CD25) expression as well as an inhibition of blastogenesis. Furthermore, the spontaneous proliferation of EBV-transformed B cell lines was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. FACS-analysis of HLA-DR, ICAM-1 and CD14 expression on the surface of monocytes revealed an influence of H. pylori on CD14 expression at a concentration of 30 μg ml−1, while the expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 was not affected at this concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori was tested for its mitogenicity and for its ability to stimulate cytokine release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy and H. pylori-infected blood donors. Mitogenicity in PBMC induced by H. pylori LPS was similar to that induced by Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide, but lower than that induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the H. pylori negative blood donor group. Furthermore, H. pylori LPS was able to induce tumour necrosis factor (TNF) interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion of PBMC. Compared with the ability of C. jejuni and E. coli lipopolysaccharides to stimulate cytokine release, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide induced a significantly lower TNF and IL-1 secretion of PBMC than the other tested bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Similar amounts of IL-6 release were obtained by stimulation of PBMC with H. pylori and C. jejuni lipopolysaccharides, whereas a higher IL-6 release was measured by stimulation with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The results of this study suggest that H. pylori lipopolysaccharide has a lower immunological activity than lipopolysaccharides of other intestinal bacteria. This is probably due to its unusual acylation and phosphorylation pattern of lipid A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Thein vitro activity of enoxacin was tested in 14 German microbiological centers shortly after the introduction of the drug in Germany. 2748 unselected clinical isolates including 15 bacterial species were analysed using microtiter plates. The MIC90-values were as follows:Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l,Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0.5 mg/l,Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. There is good correlation between these results and those of former investigations. It is known that quinolones are only moderately active against enterococci. 8.5% ofS. aureus, and 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be resistant (MIC〉4 mg/l). As toP. aeruginosa, the study revealed that despite a generally low rate of resistance in specific clinical settings, specific problems can arise: in one institution, the MIC90 ofP. aeruginosa was 32 mg/l, with a resistance rate of 56.1% (n=57). In the other centers the MIC90 was 2 mg/l and the resistance rate 5.0% (n=302). In the first center, many of the isolates were from paraplegic patients or patients with cystic fibrosis pretreated with quinolones. This study will be repeated in two years' time in order to determine an eventual change in resistance.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung DieIn vitro-Aktivität von Enoxacin wurde kurz nach der Einführung der Substanz in Deutschland in 14 deutschen mikrobiologischen Zentren bestimmt. 2748 frische klinische Isolate von 15 Bakterienarten wurden mittels Mikrotiterplatten getestet. Hierbei fanden wir folgende MHK90-Werte:Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l,Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0,5 mg/l,Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. Diese Werte stimmen gut mit den Ergebnissen früherer Untersuchungen überein. Die mäßige Aktivität von Gyrasehemmern gegen Enterokokken ist bekannt. BeiS. aureus fanden wir bei 8,5% der Isolate Resistenz (MHK〉4 mg/l), bei Enterobacteriaceae nur bei 1,4%. BeiP. aeruginosa zeigte sich, daß trotz geringer Resistenz im allgemeinen in einzelnen Zentren Probleme entstehen können: Bei einem der beteiligten Institute betrugen beiP. aeruginosa die MHK90 32mg/l und die Resistenzrate 56,1% (n=57), bei den übrigen Zentren lagen diese Werte bei 2 mg/l und 5,0% (n=302). In dem ersten Zentrum stammten die Isolate häufig von Patienten mit Querschnittlähmung oder cystischer Fibrose, die mit Gyrasehemmern vorbehandelt waren. Diese multizentrische Studie soll im Abstand von zwei Jahren wiederholt werden, um einen eventuellen Resistenzanstieg erkennen zu lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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