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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Periodisches Fieber ; Aphthöse Stomatitis ; Pharyngitis ; Zervikale Lymphadenitis ; Prednison ; Tonsillektomie ; Cimetidin ; Key words Periodic fever ; Aphthous stomatitis ; Pharyngitis ; Cervical adenitis ; Prednisone ; Tonsillectomy ; Cimetidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Disorders with the key symptom of periodic fever include familial Mediterranean fever, cyclic neutropenia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome, and Behçet disease as well as the PFAPA syndrome (perodic fever, aphthous stomatitis pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis). Out of these the PFAPA syndrome probably occurs more frequently than it is diagnosed. Case report: Therefore we present a typical case of PFAPA syndrome including the biopsy of one of the lymph nodes involved: This male infant experienced by the age of 2 1/2 years 8 characteristic episodes of high fever, with all pertaining signs within a period of 12 months. Each time the ESR was markedly elevated as were C-reactive protein and white blood count. The cervical lymph node presented the diagnostic features of a nonspecific lymphadenitis with reticulohistiocytic micro-abscesses. PFAPA syndrome usually starts before the age of 5 years and comes to an end as a self-limiting condition after a course of two to six years without any sequelae. The children thrive and grow normally. Thus the outcome is favorable, the pathogenesis, however, remains unclear. Discussion: PFAPA syndrome has to be added to the hitherto known causes of periodic fever whenever one considers the underlying disease of such a condition. Being aware of the PFAPA syndrome helps to avoid unnecessary tests for the diagnostic work-up and to stay off ineffective trials with common antibiotics. The rationale of prednisone for shortening the single febrile episode as well as tonsillectomy with or without adenectomy or cimetidine as an immunomodulator to abbreviate the overall-course has still to be evaluated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Zu den Erkrankungen mit dem Leitsymptom “periodisches Fieber” wie familiäres Mittelmeerfieber, zyklische Neutropenie, Hyper-IgD-Syndrom und Behçet-Syndrom wird auch das bis heute selten diagnostizierte und vermutlich doch häufiger vorkommende PFAPA-Syndrom (periodisches Fieber, aphthöe Stomatitis, Pharyngitis und zervikale Adenitis) gerechnet. Fallbericht: In der vorliegenden Kasuistik stellen wir einen 2 1/2-jährigen Knaben vor, der innerhalb 1 Jahres 8 Fieberschübe mit Aphthen, gerötetem Pharynx, geschwollenen Halslymphknoten, beschleunigter BKS, erhöhtem CRP-Wert und unterschiedlich ausgeprägter Leukozytose durchmachte. Ein zervikaler Lymphknoten zeigte das Bild einer retikulohistiozytär abszedierten Lymphadenitis. Das Syndrom tritt gewöhnlich vor dem 5. Lebensjahr auf und kommt häufig nach einigen Jahren zum Stillstand. Gedeihen und Wachstum der Kinder bleiben ungestört. Die Prognose gilt deshalb als durchweg gut; die Pathogenese ist noch ungeklärt. Diskussion: Durch das PFAPA-Syndrom wird die Differenzialdiagnose “periodisches Fieber” entscheidend erweitert. Bei Kenntnis des Syndroms mit seiner Symptomatik und seinem typischen Verlauf lässt sich die Diagnose bereits nach den ersten Fieberepisoden vermuten, wobei die Untersuchungen zur Differenzialdiagnose gezielt erfolgen können und frustrane Therapieversuche mit Antibiotika weitgehend vermeidbar sind. Um die Dauer der akuten Episoden abzukürzen, empfehlen einige Autoren die kurzfristige Gabe von Prednison, während andere Kliniker – um weitere Fieberschübe ganz zu unterdrücken – zur Tonsillektomie mit oder ohne Adenotomie raten und wieder andere Autoren über den mehrmonatigen Einsatz von Cimetidin zur Immunmodulation berichten, allerdings mit deutlich geringerer Erfolgsrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Hypopharynx carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Proliferation ; Ki-S11 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  As a potential prognostic factor, the proliferative activity of 131 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the hypopharynx and 47 of their cervical lymph-node metastases was analyzed retrospectively by means of monoclonal antibody Ki-S11 immunostaining, which specifically detects the Ki-67 antigen on paraffin-embedded tissue. Median follow-up time was 37.6 months. Ki-S11 revealed distinctive patterns of proliferating cells related to the degree of differentiation. The proliferation fractions in the primaries and their lymph-node metastases did not differ significantly. Patients with high proliferating hypopharynx carcinomas (〉45% labeled cells) had a significantly lower 5-year-survival rate (16%) than patients with low proliferating tumors, whose 5-year-survival rate was 30% (P=0.01). A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between proliferative activity and lymph-node status (P=0.012). In conclusion, the proliferative activity as determined by means of Ki-S11 immunostaining is of prognostic value with respect to both survival and metastatic risk in SCC of the hypopharynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: EBV ; Hodgkin's disease ; Proliferation Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has not yet been clarified. Using RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), the occurrence of small Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) was studied in 22 tissue samples from 21 patients between 4 and 17 years of age with Hodgkin's disease. EBER was detected in eight of 21 patients (38%) in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and reactive lymphocytes irrespective of initial clinical stage and histological subtype, whereas LMP-1, positive in ten of 21 patients (48%), was restricted to neoplastic cells. All cases positive for EBER expressed LMP-1 as well. Additionally, oncoprotein Bcl-2 was identified in nine of 21 patients (43%), indicating, besides immortalization of HD cells by EBV, a further growth advantage due to apoptosis prevention by overexpression of this protein. Proliferation-associated antigens Ki-S1 and Ki-S5 were highly expressed in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. CD 30 antigen was found in most cases, using two different antibodies (90% and 80%). The presence of this protein, which belongs to the family of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), is related to high expression of Ki-67 protein, detected by Ki-S5. CD 20 antigen was detectable in only three of 21 patients (14%). If we compare results of ISH and IHC with clinical data, the occurrence of EBV genome in children with HD seems to have no adverse effect on the final outcome of these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Reproductive organs ; Vaginal lymphoma ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genital tract as primary site of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in women is extremely rare, whereas secondary involvement in advanced disease is found in about 40% of cases. In this report a patient is presented who had a primary vaginal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the centroblastic type according to the Kiel classification, with an excellent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy (CHOP) and event-free disease for 3 years. A review of the literature shows that favorable prognosis of localized disease seems to be a common experience. Primary involvement of the vagina can be successfully treated by pelvic irradiation, but in young women cytotoxic chemotherapy should be considered to preserve fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Reproductive organs ; Vaginal lymphoma ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The genital tract as primary site of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in women is extremely rare, whereas secondary involvement in advanced disease is found in about 40% of cases. In this report a patient is presented who had a primary vaginal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the centroblastic type according to the Kiel classification, with an excellent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy (CHOP) and event-free disease for 3 years. A review of the literature shows that favorable prognosis of localized disease seems to be a common experience. Primary involvement of the vagina can be successfully treated by pelvic irradiation, but in young women cytotoxic chemotherapy should be considered to preserve fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Lichen planus ; Interferon-γ ; Interleukin 6 ; T cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lichen planus is asumed to represent a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, in the course of which cytokines control the proliferation and differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes which attack the epidermis and cause apoptosis of undifferentiated keratinocytes. Since interferon-γ and interleukin 6 are known to be markedly generated in lichen planus, we investigated the cellular localization of these cytokines in affected skin/oral mucosa biopsy specimens using in situ hybridization for interferon-γ and in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for interleukin 6 mRNA. In the upper subepithelial connective tissue interferon-γ mRNA was noted within proliferating CD3+ T lymphocytes. In this tissue compartment interleukin 6 mRNA was detected in infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In the epithelium, expression of interferon-γ mRNA and interleukin 6 mRNA was observed in the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes of altered skin/oral mucosa. In contrast, normal skin did not reveal any interferon-γ or interleukin 6 expression, although a few CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were noted in the dermis as well as the epidermis. These findings indicate that in lichen planus the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin 6 are produced not only by activated T lymphocytes but also by altered keratinocytes, and suggest that stimulated keratinocytes may amplify the course of lichen planus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 57 (2000), S. 464-486 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Polymerase; molecular fossils; rainbow trout; endometrium; inhibitors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Replication of linear genomes is incomplete and leaves terminal gaps. Solutions to this ‘end replication’ problem can be traced back to the prebiotic RNA world: ‘fossils’ of the presumptive archetypes of telomere structure and of the telomerase enzyme are retained in the terminal structures of some RNA viruses. Telomerase expression in mammals is ubiquitous in embryonic tissues but downregulated in somatic tissues of adults. Exceptions are regenerative tissues and, notably, tumor cells. Telomerase activation is controlled by cellular proliferation, and it is an early step in the development of many tumors. In contrast to mammals, indeterminately growing multicellular organisms, such as fish and crustaceae, maintain telomerase competence in all somatic tissues. In human tumor diagnostics, detection of proliferation markers with monoclonal antibodies is well established, and in this review, the significance of additional telomerase assays is evaluated. Telomerase inhibitors are attractive goals for application in tumor therapy, and telomerase knockout mice have proven that telomere erosion limits the lifespan of cells in vivo. In contrast, telomerase stimulation can be used to expand the potential of cellular proliferation in vitro, with possible applications for transplantation of in vitro expanded human cells, for immortalizing primary human cells as improved tissue models and for the isolation of otherwise intractable products, such as genuine human monoclonal antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: gastrointestinal lymphoma ; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; stomach lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In October 1992, an ongoing prospective study on primarygastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma was initiated to evaluate histologicalfeatures, sites of involvement, and management. Patients and methods: Until May 1996, 352 patients were enrolled, with 279being evaluable for clinical features (208 patients presented with primarygastric lymphoma). Standardized diagnostic workup included central histologicreview and endoscopic and radiologic evaluation of the complete GI tract.Primary surgery or conservative management depended on the physician'sdecision, followed by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Treatmentoutcome is evaluable in 122 patients with gastric lymphoma. Results: In 279 evaluable patients, the distribution of NHL was asfollows: stomach 74.6%, small bowel 8.6%, ileocoecal region6.5%, multilocal GI involvement 6.8%. In gastric lymphoma,low-grade NHLs accounted for 39%. Of the remaining high-grade NHLs,36.1% showed simultaneous low-grade components, thus being also of MALTorigin. Of 208 patients with gastric NHL, 71.1% were classified asstage I and II1. CCR rate in stomach lymphoma is significantlyhigher compared to those of the small bowel, whereas involvement of multipleGI organs has the worst prognosis. So far only 7 patients with gastric NHL in stages I and IIpresented with progressive disease or relapse. Over all stages there seems tobe no difference in therapeutic outcome in surgically or conservativelytreated patients. Even after R0-resection in limited stages patients appearto have no better outcome. Conclusion: The value of surgery in treatment of primary gastriclymphoma – as favored by most authors – should be reexamined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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