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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 6 (1927), S. 1769-1776 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 743-745 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prostaglandins ; Prostaglandins and endotoxicosis ; Macrophage mediators ; Zymosan ; Endotoxin tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endotoxins elicit an extraordinary variety of biological effects in higher organisms. Mononuclear phagocytes are believed to be the cellular source of secondary mediators responsible for the host's reaction. Several findings indicate that among these endogenous mediators prostaglandins are of importance. Macrophages of different origin synthesize prostaglandins when stimulated with LPS. The prostaglandin-inducing activity is located in the lipid A part of the LPS molecule. Macrophages from an LPS-resistant mouse strain (C3H/HeJ) and cells from mice rendered tolerant to LPS do not produce prostaglandins in vitro when incubated with LPS, a phenomenon paralleling the lack of in vivo activity. Certain prostaglandins (TxA2 and PGI2) have been shown to be of importance in endotoxicosis. We found that macrophages do not produce TxA2 and PGI2 on incubation with LPS in vitro, although they possess the potential to synthesize these metabolites. Thus it remains to be elucidated which role macrophages, their prostaglandin production and/or other factors play in endotoxicosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 203-211 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence in whole blood ; Granulocyte chemiluminescence ; Platelet chemiluminescence ; Opsonins ; Chemilumineszenz in Vollblut ; Granulocytenchemilumineszenz ; Blutplättchenchemilumineszenz ; Opsonine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen bilden die Grundlage, um die im Prinzip sehr einfache Messung der Chemilumineszenz stimulierter Granulocyten in frisch gewonnenem Vollblut durchzuführen und damit für die einfache Routine-Diagnostik anwendbar zu machen. Gesunden Freiwilligen wurde zu verschiedenen Zeiten und unter verschiedenen Bedingungen kubital Venenblut entnommen und anschließend die durch Zymosan induzierte und durch Luminol verstärkte Chemilumineszenz analysiert. Die Chemilumineszenz-Kurven verschiedener Individuen zeigten Variationen, die jedoch verringert werden, wenn die unter Standardbedingungen gemessenen Photonen auf die Zahl der im Blut vorhandenen Granulocyten bezogen werden. Es zeigte sich ferner, daß Blutplättchen ebenfalls durch Zymosan aktiviert werden und zu etwa 5% an der gesamten Chemilumineszenz beteiligt sind. Die Plättchen-Chemilumineszenz läßt sich indes durch Zusatz von Aspirin nahezu vollständig ausschalten. Von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Intensität und Kinetik der im Vollblut gemessenen Chemilumineszenz ist die Anwesenheit opsonierender Plasma-Faktoren (Antikörper und/oder Komplement). Die Messung der Chemilumineszenz im Vollblut erscheint uns geeignet, sowohl Abweichungen der zellulären wie der humoralen Abwehrfunktionen rasch und einfach zu erkennen.
    Notes: Summary The present investigations were undertaken to find out whether chemiluminescence measurements of stimulated granulocytes can be carried out in freshly drawn blood and — because of the ease of the method — be introduced into routine diagnostics. Blood was drawn from the cubital vein of healthy volunteers at various times and under various conditions. Subsequently the zymosan induced and luminol amplified chemiluminescence was recorded and analyzed. It could be demonstrated that variations existed between individuals which can, however, be minimized when photon counts obtained under standard conditions were related to the number of granulocytes present in the blood samples. It could be further demonstrated that also platelets are activated by zymosan as well and that they, contribute to the total chemiluminescence by a share of about 5%. Platelet chemiluminescence can effectively be suppressed by aspirin. Opsonising factors in plasma (presumably antibodies and/or complement) play a decisive role in the intensity and kinetics of blood chemiluminescence. Measurements of zymosan induced chemiluminescence in freshly drawn unfractionated and fractionated blood seem to be especially suited to monitor and analyze deviations and defects of the cellular and humoral defence mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 6 (1927), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lipid A ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Chemical structure ; Biological activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipopolysaccharides are integral components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and they participate in various membrane functions essential for bacterial growth and survival. Lipopolysaccharides also represent the endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria and possibly play a role for the pathogenesis and manifestations of bacterial infections. These biological activities are mediated mainly by the lipid component of lipopolysaccharides, termed lipid A. Chemically, lipid A consists of a β1,6-linkedD-glucosamine disaccharide which carries substituted phosphoryl groups and a range ofD-3-hydroxy andD-3-acyloxyacyl residues, the latter being arranged in a hexagonal dense packing. A number of experimental data allow the conclusion that the highly ordered and compact lipid A structure confers stability to the outer membrane, renders it less permeable to lipophilic molecules and by providing a proper fluidity stabilizes the conformation of biologically active membrane proteins. For endotoxic activities of lipid A the polar substituents of phosphate residues are dispensable. The presence ofD-3-hydroxy (or acyloxy) acyl-groups, linked to the glucosamine disaccharide, however, seems to be of importance. Analyses of now available synthetic lipid A analogues are expected to allow a more precise characterization of substructures and conformations required for the expression of physiological functions and endotoxic activities of lipid A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 14 (1935), S. 1649-1649 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An der intakten und dekapitierten Katze steht die bronchiospasmolytische Wirkung des Isalons im. Vordergrund. Die tierexperimentellen Befunde stimmen demnach mit der klinischen Erfahrung überein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 16 (1937), S. 714-715 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 18 (1939), S. 512-513 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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